WO2015018073A1

WO2015018073A1 - Hybrid a/n bundling and multiplexing in eimta

Info

Publication number: WO2015018073A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/081198
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peng Cheng; Chao Wei; Neng Wang; Jilei Hou
Original assignee: Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority date: 2013-08-09
Filing date: 2013-08-09
Publication date: 2015-02-12

Abstract

Hybrid acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) bundling and multiplexing bundles A/N information for anchor and non-anchor subframes separately and then multiplexes bundled anchor subframe A/N information with bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information using A/N multiplexing. One bit of bundled A/N information may be generated for each of the anchor and non-anchor subframes for single codeword transmissions. For multiple codeword transmissions, corresponding codewords for anchor and non-anchor subframes may be bundled separately or spatial bundling may be applied across codewords before bundling across anchor and non-anchor subframes. An eNB may perform outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes independently based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information.

Description

HYBRID A/N BUNDLING AND MULTIPLEXING IN EIMTA

BACKGROUND

[0001] Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These wireless networks may be multiple-access networks capable of supporting multiple users by sharing the available network resources.

[0002] A wireless communication network may include a number of base stations that can support communication for a number of mobile devices. A mobile device may communicate with a base station via downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions. The downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the base station to the mobile device, and the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the mobile device to the base station.

[0003] Multiple access technologies may use Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) or Time Division Duplexing (TDD) to provide uplink and downlink communications over one or more carriers. TDD operation offers flexible deployments without requiring paired spectrum resources. TDD formats include transmission of frames of data, each including a number of different subframes in which different subframes may be uplink or downlink subframes. In systems that operate using TDD, different formats may be used in which uplink and downlink communications may be asymmetric. Flexible TDD DL/UL configuration provides efficient ways to use unpaired spectrum resources and TDD configuration may be adaptive based on traffic conditions (e.g., UL/DL loading at the base station and/or mobile device). However, flexible TDD configuration may affect the interference environment experienced by devices in the network and create challenges for data error control.

SUMMARY

[0004] Methods, systems, and devices are described for hybrid acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) bundling and multiplexing. Hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing may bundle A/N information for anchor and non-anchor subframes separately and then multiplex bundled anchor subframe A/N information with bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information using A/N multiplexing. For single codeword transmissions, the A/N bits for anchor subframes may be bundled to generate one bit of anchor subframe A/N information and the A/N bits for non-anchor subframes may be bundled to generate one bit of non-anchor A/N information for an association set for an uplink subframe. The two bits may be multiplexed and fed back using an uplink control channel format. For multiple codeword transmissions, corresponding codewords for anchor and non-anchor subframes may be bundled separately or spatial bundling may be applied across codewords before bundling across anchor and non-anchor subframes.

[0005] The eNB may perform outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes independently. The eNB may receive separate channel feedback for anchor and non-anchor subframes including channel quality indicators and may separately adapt channel modulation and coding schemes for the anchor and non-anchor subframes based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information. The eNB may separately adapt modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for anchor and non-anchor subframes using A/N responses or block error rates (BLER) based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information.

[0006] Some embodiments are directed to a method of wireless communication performed by UE in communication with a base station over a TDD carrier. The method may include receiving a first set of transmissions in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, receiving a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, determining A/N information for the first and second sets of transmissions, bundling the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information, bundling the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information, and transmitting the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier. The one or more anchor subframes may be fixed downlink subframes in a predetermined set of TDD configurations for the TDD carrier and the one or more non-anchor subframes may be subframes that can be flexibly allocated as downlink or uplink subframes in the predetermined set of TDD configurations. For various association sets, the one or more anchor subframes may be a single anchor subframe and/or the one or more non-anchor subframes may be a single non-anchor subframe. [0007] In some embodiments, the method includes determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe. For single codeword cases, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each be a single bit. [0008] In some embodiments, the method includes determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe. In multiple codeword cases, codeword A/N information may be separately bundled across anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each be one bit for each of the N codewords. The N bits of bundled anchor subframe A/N information corresponding to the N transmitted codewords may each be generated by performing a logical AND operation across the anchor subframes, and the N bits of bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information corresponding to the N transmitted codewords may each be generated by performing a logical AND operation across the non-anchor subframes. The method may include determining for at least one of the one or more anchor subframes or the one or more non-anchor subframes that one of the N codewords was not transmitted and setting A/N information associated with the one of the N codewords for the at least one of the one or more anchor subframes or the one or more non-anchor subframes to an ACK value

[0009] Alternatively, spatial bundling may be applied to multiple codeword cases for one or both of the anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, the method may include determining A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions and bundling the A/N information for the N codewords for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information.

[0010] In some embodiments, the method includes identifying the uplink subframe based on a TDD configuration of the TDD carrier and identifying the one or more anchor subframes and the one or more non-anchor subframes based on an association set of the identified uplink subframe. The method may include identifying a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information. The bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may be multiplexed for transmission according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

[0011] In some embodiments, the method includes identifying at least one physical uplink control channel resource based on an index associated with a downlink control transmission for one of the first or second sets of transmissions. The method may include transmitting the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information on the at least one identified physical uplink control channel resource. In some embodiments, the identified at least one physical uplink control channel resource includes a plurality of physical uplink control channel resources. The method may include encoding at least one bit of the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information as a selected resource of the plurality of physical uplink control channel resources.

[0012] Some embodiments are directed to a method for receiving A/N information from a UE over a TDD carrier. The method may include transmitting a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, transmitting a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, receiving A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier, determining bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information, and determining bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method includes identifying a first MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes, and identifying a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes. The method may include determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and decreasing the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication. The method may include determining a first BLER for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information, determining that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold, and decreasing at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe. For single codeword cases, the one or more first bits and one or more second bits may each be a single bit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe. For multiple codeword cases, the one or more first bits and one or more second bits may each include one bit associated with each of the N codewords. Alternatively, spatial bundling may be applied in multiple codeword cases. For example, the one or more first bits and/or one or more second bits may each be a single bit including spatially bundled A/N information across the N codewords.

[0016] In some embodiments, the method includes determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits and retransmitting the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication.

[0017] Some embodiments are directed to an apparatus for wireless communication, including means for receiving a first set of transmissions at a UE in one or more anchor subframes over a TDD carrier, means for receiving a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, means for determining A/N information for the first and second sets of transmissions, means for bundling the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information, means for bundling the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information, and means for transmitting the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier.

[0018] In some embodiments, the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe. For single codeword cases, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each be a single bit. [0019] In some embodiments, the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe. For multiple codeword cases, codeword A/N information may be separately bundled across anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and/or the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each include one bit for each of the N codewords.

[0020] Alternatively, spatial bundling may be applied to multiple codeword cases for one or both of the anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions may be determined, and the A/N information for the N codewords may be bundled for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information.

[0021] In some embodiments, the means for transmitting identifies a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information, and the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may be multiplexed for transmission according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

[0022] In some embodiments, the means for transmitting identifies at least one physical uplink control channel resource based on an index associated with a downlink control transmission for one of the first or second sets of transmissions. The means for transmitting may transmit the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information on the at least one identified physical uplink control channel resource. The identified at least one physical uplink control channel resource may include a plurality of physical uplink control channel resources. The means for transmitting may encode at least one bit of the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information as a selected resource of the plurality of physical uplink control channel resources.

[0023] Some embodiments are directed to an apparatus for receiving A/N information from a UE over a TDD carrier. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, means for transmitting a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, means for receiving A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier, means for determining bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information, and means for determining bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information. The apparatus may include means for determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and means for retransmitting the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication.

[0024] In some embodiments, the apparatus includes means for identifying a first MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes and means for identifying a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes. The apparatus may include means for determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and means for decreasing the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication. The apparatus may include means for determining a BLER for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information, means for determining that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold, and means for decreasing at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

[0025] Some embodiments are directed to a device for wireless communication, including a processor and a memory in electronic communication with the processor. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to receive a first set of transmissions at a UE in one or more anchor subframes over a TDD carrier, receive a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, determine A/N information for the first and second sets of transmissions, bundle the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information, bundle the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information, and transmit the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier. [0026] In some embodiments, the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe. For single codeword cases, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each be a single bit. [0027] In some embodiments, the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe. For multiple codeword cases, codeword A/N information may be separately bundled across anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and/or the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each include one bit for each of the N codewords. [0028] Alternatively, spatial bundling may be applied to multiple codeword cases for one or both of the anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, the memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to determine A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions, and bundle the A/N information for the N codewords for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information.

[0029] In some embodiments the memory includes instructions being executable by the processor to identify a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information and multiplex the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information according to the identified physical uplink control channel format. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to identify at least one physical uplink control channel resource based on an index associated with a downlink control transmission for one of the first or second sets of transmissions. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to transmit the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information on the at least one identified physical uplink control channel resource. In some embodiments, the identified at least one physical uplink control channel resource includes a plurality of physical uplink control channel resources. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to encode at least one bit of the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information as a selected resource of the plurality of physical uplink control channel resources. [0030] Some embodiments are directed to a device for receiving A/N information from a UE over a TDD carrier, including a processor and a memory in electronic communication with the processor. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to transmit a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, transmit a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, receive A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier, determine bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information, and determine bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to determine that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and retransmit the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication. [0031] In some embodiments, the memory includes instructions being executable by the processor to identify a first MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes and identify a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to determine that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and decrease the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication. The memory may include instructions being executable by the processor to determine a first BLER for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information, determine that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold, and decrease at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

[0032] Some embodiments are directed to a computer program product for wireless communication, including a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include code for receiving a first set of transmissions at a UE in one or more anchor subframes over a TDD carrier, receiving a second set of transmissions in one or more non- anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, determining A/N information for the first and second sets of transmissions, bundling the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information, bundling the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information, and transmitting the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier.

[0033] In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium includes code for determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe. For single codeword cases, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each be a single bit.

[0034] In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium includes code for determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe. For multiple codeword cases, codeword A/N information may be separately bundled across anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and/or the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may each include one bit for each of the N codewords.

[0035] Alternatively, spatial bundling may be applied across codewords prior to bundling for anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, the computer-readable medium may include code for determining A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions and bundling the A/N information for the N codewords for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information.

[0036] In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium includes code for identifying a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information, and multiplexing the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

[0037] Some embodiments are directed to a computer program product for receiving A/N information from a UE over a TDD carrier, including a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may include code for transmitting a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, transmitting a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier, receiving A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier, determining bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information, and determining bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information. The computer-readable medium may include code for determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and retransmitting the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication.

[0038] In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium includes code for identifying a first MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes, and identifying a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes. The computer- readable medium may include code for determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits, and decreasing the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication. The computer-readable medium may include code for determining a first BLER for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information, determining that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold, and decreasing at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

[0039] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Further scope of the applicability of the described methods and apparatuses will become apparent from the following detailed description, claims, and drawings. The detailed description and specific examples are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the description will become apparent to those skilled in the art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the present invention may be realized by reference to the following drawings. In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.

[0041] FIG. 1 shows a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system in accordance with various embodiments;

[0042] FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a system illustrating neighboring cells using adaptive TDD configuration in accordance with various embodiments;

[0043] FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram illustrating hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments; [0044] FIGS. 4A-4G show timing diagrams illustrating hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for various TDD configurations in accordance with various embodiments;

[0045] FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method for separate outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes in accordance with various embodiments;

[0046] FIG. 6 shows a flow diagram illustrating a method for separate outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes in accordance with various embodiments;

[0047] FIG. 7 shows a device for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments;

[0048] FIG. 8 shows a device for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments; [0049] FIG. 9 shows a device for running separate OLLA for anchor and non-anchor subframes in accordance with various embodiments;

[0050] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a MIMO communication system including a base station or eNB and a mobile device or UE; [0051] FIGS. 11 shows a block diagram of a mobile device configured for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments;

[0052] FIGS. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications system that may be configured for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments;

[0053] FIG. 13 shows a flow diagram of an example method for performing hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments; and

[0054] FIG. 14 shows a flow diagram of an example method for performing hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] Described embodiments are directed to systems and methods for performing hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing. Hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing may bundle A/N information for anchor and non-anchor subframes separately and then multiplex bundled anchor subframe A/N information with bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information using A/N multiplexing. For single codeword transmissions, the A/N bits for anchor subframes may be bundled to generate one bit of anchor subframe A/N information and the A/N bits for non-anchor subframes may be bundled to generate one bit of non-anchor A/N information for an association set for an uplink subframe. The two bits may be multiplexed and fed back using an uplink control channel format. For multiple codeword transmissions, corresponding codewords for anchor and non-anchor subframes may be bundled separately or spatial bundling may be applied across codewords before bundling across anchor and non-anchor subframes.

[0056] The eNB 105 may perform outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes independently. The eNB 105 may receive separate channel feedback for anchor and non-anchor subframes including channel quality indicators and may separately adapt channel modulation and coding schemes for the anchor and non-anchor subframes based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information. The eNB 105 may separately adapt modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for anchor and non-anchor subframes using A/N responses or block error rates based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information. [0057] Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communications systems such as cellular wireless systems, Peer-to-Peer wireless communications, wireless local access networks (WLANs), ad hoc networks, satellite communications systems, and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. These wireless communications systems may employ a variety of radio communication technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDM A), Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), and/or other radio technologies. Generally, wireless communications are conducted according to a standardized implementation of one or more radio communication technologies called a Radio Access Technology (RAT). A wireless communications system or network that implements a Radio Access Technology may be called a Radio Access Network (RAN).

[0058] Examples of Radio Access Technologies employing CDMA techniques include CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases 0 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 IX, IX, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 lxEV- DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. Examples of TDMA systems include various implementations of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). Examples of Radio Access Technologies employing OFDM and/or OFDMA include Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE- Advanced (LTE-A) are new releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above as well as other systems and radio technologies. [0059] Thus, the following description provides examples, and is not limiting of the scope, applicability, or configuration set forth in the claims. Changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Various embodiments may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to certain embodiments may be combined in other embodiments.

[0060] Referring first to FIG. 1, a diagram illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100. The system 100 includes base stations (or cells) 105, communication devices 115, and a core network 130. The base stations 105 may communicate with the communication devices 115 under the control of a base station controller (not shown), which may be part of the core network 130 or the base stations 105 in various embodiments. Base stations 105 may communicate control information and/or user data with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132. Backhaul links 132 may be wired backhaul links (e.g., copper, fiber, etc.) and/or wireless backhaul links (e.g., microwave, etc.). In embodiments, the base stations 105 may communicate, either directly or indirectly, with each other over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless communication links. The system 100 may support operation on multiple carriers (waveform signals of different frequencies). Multi-carrier transmitters can transmit modulated signals simultaneously on the multiple carriers. For example, each communication link 125 may be a multi-carrier signal modulated according to the various radio technologies described above. Each modulated signal may be sent on a different carrier and may carry control information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, data, etc.

[0061] The base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with the devices 115 via one or more base station antennas. Each of the base station 105 sites may provide communication coverage for a respective coverage area 110. In some embodiments, base stations 105 may be referred to as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a NodeB, eNodeB (eNB), Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. The coverage area 110 for a base station may be divided into sectors making up only a portion of the coverage area (not shown). The system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro, micro, and/or pico base stations). There may be overlapping coverage areas for different technologies. [0062] The communication devices 115 are dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each device may be stationary or mobile. A communication device 115 may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a user equipment, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A communication device 115 may be a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, or the like. A communication device may be able to communicate with macro base stations, pico base stations, femto base stations, relay base stations, and the like.

[0063] The transmission links 125 shown in network 100 may include uplink (UL) transmissions from a mobile device 115 to a base station 105, and/or downlink (DL) transmissions, from a base station 105 to a mobile device 115. The downlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissions while the uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions. In embodiments, the transmission links 125 are TDD carriers carrying bidirectional traffic within traffic frames.

[0064] In embodiments, the system 100 is an LTE/LTE-A network. In LTE/LTE-A networks, the terms evolved Node B (eNB) and user equipment (UE) may be generally used to describe the base stations 105 and communication devices 115, respectively. The system 100 may be a Heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A network in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographical regions. For example, each eNB 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or other types of cell. A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A pico cell would generally cover a relatively smaller geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell would also generally cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and, in addition to unrestricted access, may also provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs for users in the home, and the like). An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico eNB. And, an eNB for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto eNB or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells.

[0065] The communications system 100 according to an LTE/LTE-A network architecture may be referred to as an Evolved Packet System (EPS) 100. The EPS 100 may include one or more UEs 115, an Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 130 (e.g., core network 130), a Home Subscriber Server (HSS), and an Operator's IP Services. The EPS may interconnect with other access networks using other Radio Access Technologies. For example, EPS 100 may interconnect with a UTRAN- based network and/or a CDMA-based network via one or more Serving GPRS Support Nodes (SGSNs). To support mobility of UEs 115 and/or load balancing, EPS 100 may support handover of UEs 115 between a source eNB 105 and a target eNB 105. EPS 100 may support intra-RAT handover between eNBs 105 and/or base stations of the same RAT (e.g., other E-UTRAN networks), and inter-RAT handovers between eNBs and/or base stations of different RATs (e.g., E-UTRAN to CDMA, etc.). The EPS 100 may provide packet- switched services, however, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be extended to networks providing circuit-switched services.

[0066] The E-UTRAN may include the eNBs 105 and may provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UEs 115. The eNBs 105 may be connected to other eNBs 105 via backhaul link 134 (e.g., an X2 interface, and the like). The eNBs 105 may provide an access point to the EPC 130 for the UEs 115. The eNBs 105 may be connected by backhaul link 132 (e.g., an SI interface, and the like) to the EPC 130. Logical nodes within EPC 130 may include one or more Mobility Management Entities (MMEs), one or more Serving Gateways, and one or more Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateways (not shown). Generally, the MME may provide bearer and connection management. All user IP packets may be transferred through the Serving Gateway, which itself may be connected to the PDN Gateway. The PDN Gateway may provide UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway may be connected to IP networks and/or the operator' s IP Services. These logical nodes may be implemented in separate physical nodes or one or more may be combined in a single physical node. The IP Networks/Operator' s IP Services may include the Internet, an Intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), and/or a Packet- Switched (PS) Streaming Service (PSS).

[0067] The UEs 115 may be configured to collaboratively communicate with multiple eNBs 105 through, for example, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP), or other schemes. MIMO techniques use multiple antennas on the base stations and/or multiple antennas on the UE to take advantage of multipath environments to transmit multiple data streams. Each data stream may be called a "layer" and the "rank" of the communication link may indicate the number of layers used for communication. CoMP includes techniques for dynamic coordination of transmission and reception by a number of eNBs to improve overall transmission quality for UEs as well as increasing network and spectrum utilization. Generally, CoMP techniques utilize backhaul links 132 and/or 134 for communication between base stations 105 to coordinate control plane and user plane communications for the UEs 115.

[0068] The communication networks that may accommodate some of the various disclosed embodiments may be packet-based networks that operate according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) techniques to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to ensure reliable data transmission. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between the UE and the network used for the user plane data. At the Physical layer, the transport channels may be mapped to Physical channels.

[0069] The downlink physical channels may include at least one of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical HARQ indicator channel (PHICH), and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The uplink physical channels may include at least one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PDCCH may carry downlink control information (DCI), which may indicate data transmissions for UEs on the PDSCH as well as provide UL resource grants to UEs for the PUSCH. The UE may transmit control information in the PUCCH on the assigned resource blocks in the control section. The UE may transmit only data or both data and control information in the PUSCH on the assigned resource blocks in the data section.

[0070] LTE/LTE-A utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiple-access (OFDMA) on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiple-access (SC-FDMA) on the uplink. An OFDMA and/or SC-FDMA carrier may be partitioned into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, or the like. Each subcarrier may be modulated with data. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth. For example, K may be equal to 72, 180, 300, 600, 900, or 1200 with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kilohertz (KHz) for a corresponding system bandwidth (with guardband) of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively. The system bandwidth may also be partitioned into sub- bands. For example, a sub-band may cover 1.08 MHz, and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 sub- bands. [0071] The carriers may transmit bidirectional communications using FDD (e.g., using paired spectrum resources) or TDD operation (e.g., using unpaired spectrum resources). Frame structures for FDD (e.g., frame structure type 1) and TDD (e.g., frame structure type 2) may be defined. Time intervals may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit T_s = 1/30720000. Each frame structure may have a radio frame length T = 307200 _S =10ms and may include two half-frames or slots of length 153600 _S =5ms each. Each half-frame may include five subframes of length 30720 _S =lms.

[0072] For TDD frame structures, each subframe may carry UL or DL traffic, and special subframes ("S") may be used to switch between DL to UL transmission. Allocation of UL and DL subframes within radio frames may be symmetric or asymmetric and may be reconfigured semi- statically or dynamically. Special subframes may carry some DL and/or UL traffic and may include a Guard Period (GP) between DL and UL traffic. Switching from UL to DL traffic may be achieved by setting timing advance at the UEs without the use of Special subframes or a guard period between UL and DL subframes. TDD configurations with switch-point periodicity equal to the frame period (e.g., 10 ms) or half of the frame period (e.g., 5 ms) may be supported. For example, TDD frames may include one or more Special frames, and the period between Special frames may determine the TDD DL-to-UL switch-point periodicity for the frame.

[0073] For LTE/LTE-A, seven different TDD configurations are defined that provide between 40% and 90% DL subframes as illustrated in Table 1. Table 1: TDD Configurations

[0074] LTE/LTE-A TDD operation supports multi-process Type II HARQ with a configurable number of independent HARQ processes. LTE/LTE-A uses asynchronous HARQ transmission on the downlink and synchronous HARQ transmission on the uplink. [0075] Because some TDD configurations have more downlink subframes than uplink subframes, each uplink subframe may provide downlink HARQ A/N information for an association set of downlink subframes. An association set K may include a number of subframes k, where HARQ A/N information for subframes n-k is included (bundled or multiplexed) within the HARQ A/N information transmitted in subframe n. Table 2 illustrates association sets for each uplink subframe for the LTE/LTE-A TDD configurations.

Table 2: DL HARQ Association Sets for TDD

4

4 - - 12, 8, 7, 11 6, 5, 4, 7 - - - - - 6

5 - - 13, 12, 9, 8, 7, 5, 4, 11, 6 - - - - - - -

6 - - 7 7 5 - - 7 7 -

[0076] Several techniques may be used to transmit A/N information for an association set within a PUCCH transmission in the uplink subframe. For example, bundling may be used to combine A/N information to reduce the amount of A/N information to be sent. A/N bundling may combine the A/N information into a single bit that is set to an acknowledgement (ACK) value only if the A/N information for each subframe of the association set is an ACK. For example, A/N information may be a binary T to represent ACK and a binary '0' to represent a negative acknowledgement (NACK) for a particular subframe. A/N information may be bundled using a logical AND operation on the A/N bits of the association set. Bundling reduces the amount of information to be sent over the PUCCH and therefore increases the efficiency of HARQ A/N feedback.

[0077] Multiplexing may be used to transmit multiple bits of A/N information in one uplink subframe. For example, up to four bits of A/N may be transmitted using PUCCH format lb with channel selection. UEs are configured for bundling or multiplexing using RRC signaling. The default is to use bundling. Because the association set for TDD configuration 5 is larger than the maximum number of bits supported for A/N multiplexing, only bundling is supported for TDD configuration 5.

[0078] In some aspects, rapidly changing traffic conditions may be accommodated through flexible TDD reconfiguration for TDD carriers. Such flexible TDD reconfiguration may occur semi- statically (e.g., transmitted in system information, paging messages, RRC signaling, etc.) or dynamically (e.g., MAC layer signaling, PHY layer signaling, etc.). Dynamic TDD reconfiguration may occur on the order of a single frame or several frames (e.g., 10 ms, 50 ms, etc.). Each cell may adapt the TDD configuration independently of other cells. These and other techniques for flexible TDD reconfiguration may be included in "enhanced Interference Management and Traffic Adaptation" (elMTA), which may be implemented in some networks. [0079] FIG. 2 shows a system 200 illustrating neighboring cells using adaptive TDD configuration in accordance with various embodiments. Independent adaptation of TDD configuration by neighboring cells may introduce a new type of interference in elMTA networks. Where neighboring eNBs use different TDD configurations, some UEs may experience UE-UE interference when receiving downlink transmissions in flexible subframes.

[0080] As illustrated in Table 1, predetermined TDD configurations may have some subframes that are always downlink or special subframes while some subframes may be flexibly allocated between uplink and downlink. Subframes that are fixed downlink subframes for each TDD configuration and experience only eNB-UE interference may be called anchor subframes while flexible subframes that may have both eNB-UE and UE-UE interference may be called non-anchor subframes.

[0081] In system 200, eNB A 105-a may be serving UE 115-a while eNB B 105-b may be serving UE 115-b. As illustrated in FIG. 2, eNB A 105-a may be configured in TDD configuration 1 for a particular frame N while eNB B 105-b may be configured in TDD configuration 2. In addition to BS-UE interference (from other cells), UE 115-b may experience UE-UE interference 220 from UE 115-a in subframes 3 and 8, which may be different than the interference experienced by UE 115-b in other downlink subframes.

[0082] The block error rate (BLER) in anchor and non-anchor downlink subframes may be different due to the different interference environment. Where A/N bundling is used, the difference in BLER for anchor and non-anchor subframes may not be able to be distinguished by the eNB 105. Because the eNB 105 may not be able to distinguish between BLER of anchor and non-anchor subframes, performance of outer-loop link adaptation (OLLA) may be reduced. For example, the link rate may tend to be adapted to the type of subframes experiencing the worst interference environment. [0083] While A/N multiplexing may be used to separate A/N information for anchor and non-anchor subframes, use of A/N multiplexing greatly increases feedback overhead. Further, only bundling may be supported for TDD configurations that have association sets for DL HARQ that are larger than a supported A/N multiplexing level (e.g., TDD configuration 5, etc.). If these TDD configurations are eliminated for elMTA systems, traffic adaptation gain may be reduced. [0084] In embodiments, the different aspects of systems 100 and/or 200 such as the eNBs 105 and UEs 115, may be configured to perform hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing. Hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing may bundle A/N information for anchor and non- anchor subframes separately and then multiplex bundled anchor subframe A/N information with bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information using A/N multiplexing. For single codeword transmissions, the A/N bits for anchor subframes may be bundled to generate one bit of anchor subframe A/N information and the A/N bits for non-anchor subframes may be bundled to generate one bit of non-anchor A/N information for an association set for an uplink subframe. The two bits may be multiplexed and fed back using an uplink control channel format. For multiple codeword transmissions, corresponding codewords for anchor and non-anchor subframes may be bundled separately or spatial bundling may be applied across codewords before bundling across anchor and non-anchor subframes.

[0085] The eNB 105 may perform outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes independently. The eNB 105 may receive separate channel feedback for anchor and non-anchor subframes including channel quality indicators and may separately adapt channel modulation and coding schemes for the anchor and non-anchor subframes based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information. The eNB 105 may separately adapt MCS for anchor and non-anchor subframes using A/N responses or block error rates based on the hybrid bundled and multiplexed A/N information. [0086] FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 300 for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. Method 300 may be performed by, for example, UEs 115 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

[0087] At block 305 of method 300, the UE 115 may receive downlink transmissions in anchor and non-anchor subframes of a TDD carrier. At block 310, the UE 115 may decode the received transmissions and determine A/N information for the received transmissions.

[0088] At block 315, the UE 115 may separate A/N information for anchor and non-anchor subframes. Where multiple codewords are received in the downlink transmissions, the separated A/N information may include one bit for each codeword for each received subframe. For example, where an association set includes three anchor subframes and two non-anchor subframes and N codewords are transmitted, (N^■ 3) A/N bits may be determined for anchor subframes and (N^■ 2) A/N bits may be determined for non-anchor subframes. [0089] The UE may perform hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for the multiple codewords independently. For example, where two codewords are present in one or more downlink subframes, the UE 115 may generate A/N information for each codeword separately. For independent codeword A/N, an ACK may be assumed if only one codeword is transmitted in a particular subframe.

[0090] Alternatively, the UE 115 may apply spatial bundling to the codewords using optional blocks 320-a and 320-b. Where spatial bundling is applied, an ACK may be generated for the subframe only where both codewords are received correctly. For example, a logical AND may be performed of A/N bits where a logical T indicates an ACK. In some embodiments, spatial bundling may be separately configured for anchor and non-anchor subframes.

[0091] At block 325-a, the anchor subframe A/N information may be bundled. For single codeword transmissions, a single bundled bit may be generated. For multiple codeword transmissions, multiple bits may be generated for independent codeword A/N for the anchor subframes. For example, where N codewords are transmitted, bundled anchor subframe A/N information may include one bit for each of the N codewords. If there are three anchor subframes in a particular association set and two codewords per subframe, the three bits of A/N for the first codeword may be bundled together and the three bits of A/N for the second codeword may be bundled together, to result in two bits of A/N information for the anchor subframes. Alternatively, spatial bundling may be applied in block 320-a, resulting in one bit of A/N information for the anchor subframes. Similarly to the anchor subframe A/N information, the non-anchor subframe A/N information may be bundled at block 325-b.

[0092] The bundled anchor subframe A/N information and bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information may be multiplexed for uplink feedback at block 330. For example, one bit for each of the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may be multiplexed using an uplink control channel format (e.g., PUCCH lb) for single-codeword cases or multiple codewords with spatial bundling. For multiple codewords with independent codeword A/N, the number of multiplexed bits may be equal to twice the number of codewords. Where spatial bundling is applied to, for example, codewords for anchor subframes but not non-anchor subframes, the number of multiplexed bits may be equal to the number of codewords for the non-anchor subframes and one bit for the anchor subframes.

[0093] At block 335, the physical uplink control format (e.g., PUCCH format, and the like) and resources may be determined based on the multiplexed bundled A/N information. For example, where there are two multiplexed bits, PUCCH format lb may be used and PUCCH resources may be determined based on explicit assignment or implicit assignment using an index related to PDCCH or PDSCH parameters. For example, PUCCH resources may be determined by the lowest control channel element (CCE) index of the latest received DL assignment in downlink subframes (e.g., for both anchor and non-anchor subframes). [0094] Where there are 2 or more than 2 bits of multiplexed bundled A/N information, PUCCH format lb with channel selection may be used for encoding 2-4 multiplexed bits. Channel selection resources may be determined based on various parameters of the received downlink transmissions. For example, a first PUCCH resource may be determined based on the lowest CCE index of the latest received DL assignment in the anchor subframe, a second PUCCH resource may be determined based on the lowest CCE index of the latest received DL assignment in the non-anchor subframe, and third and fourth PUCCH resources may be determined by adding a fixed or configurable index offset to the first and second PUCCH resources. The third and fourth PUCCH resources may not be needed when spatial bundling is applied to the anchor and/or non-anchor subframes. This is merely one example and PUCCH resources for channel selection may be determined based on various combinations of these or other PDCCH or PDSCH parameters associated with the downlink transmissions. The bundled and multiplexed A/N information may be transmitted to the eNB at block 340 using the identified resources.

[0095] FIGS. 4A-4G illustrate timing diagrams of hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for LTE/LTE-A TDD configurations 0-6 in accordance with various embodiments. These diagrams illustrate hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing according to the association sets for uplink subframes defined in Table 2. Hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing may be performed using similar operations with other numbers of subframes per TDD frame, TDD UL/DL configurations, or defined association sets within the scope of the present disclosure. [0096] FIG. 4A is a timing diagram 400-a illustrating hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for LTE/LTE-A TDD configuration 0 in accordance with various embodiments. As illustrated in timing diagram 400-a, TDD configuration 0 does not include any non-anchor downlink subframes and association sets for uplink subframes include only A/N information for only one anchor subframe per uplink subframe. For example, the association set for subframe 4 may be ΌΌ and the association set for subframe 7 may be G . Anchor A/N information 405 -a may be transmitted in uplink subframe 4 and anchor A/N information 405-b may be transmitted in uplink subframe 7.

[0097] FIG. 4B is a timing diagram 400-b illustrating hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for LTE/LTE-A TDD configuration 1 in accordance with various embodiments. As illustrated in timing diagram 400-b, defined association sets for uplink subframes for TDD configuration 1 may include only either anchor subframes or non-anchor subframes. For example, the association set for subframes 2 and 7 is i! (6 7} and the association set for subframes 3 and 8 is ϋ {4} . The anchor A/N information 405-c and 405-d may be bundled to generate bundled anchor A/N information 410-a for transmission in subframe 7 and anchor A/N information 405-e and 405-f may be bundled to generate bundled anchor A/N information 410-b for transmission in subframe 2. The non-anchor A/N information 415-a and 415-b may be transmitted in subframes 8 and 3, respectively. Thus, A/N information for anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes may be separately determined by the receiving eNB 105.

[0098] FIG. 4C is a timing diagram 400-c illustrating hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for LTE/LTE-A TDD configuration 2 in accordance with various embodiments. As illustrated in timing diagram 400-c, the association sets for subframes 2 and 7 may include anchor and non-anchor subframes. For example, the association sets for subframes 2 and 7 may be i¾ 8} . For the association set for subframe 7, the anchor A/N information 405-g and 405-h may be bundled to generate bundled anchor A/N information 410-c. The non-anchor A/N information 415-c and 415-d may be bundled to generate bundled non- anchor A/N information 420-a. The bundled anchor A/N information 410-c and the bundled non-anchor A/N information 420-a may be multiplexed and transmitted in uplink subframe 7.

[0099] FIGS. 4D-4G illustrate further examples of hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for LTE/LTE-A TDD configurations 3-6, respectively. These timing diagrams illustrate that hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing can be applied across a range of TDD configurations according to the principles described herein. [0100] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 500 for performing separate OLLA for anchor and non-anchor subframes in accordance with various embodiments. Method 500 may be performed, for example, by eNBs 105 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

[0101] At block 502 of method 500, the eNB 105 may determine an anchor MCS and a non-anchor MCS for a UE 115. For example, the eNB 105 may receive feedback (e.g., channel quality indicator (CQI), etc.) from the UE measured during anchor and non-anchor subframes, respectively. At block 505, the eNB may transmit encoded data to the UE 115 over one or more anchor and non-anchor subframes of a TDD carrier according to the anchor and non-anchor MCS values, respectively. [0102] At block 510, the eNB 105 may receive bundled and multiplexed A/N feedback for the transmitted codewords. At block 515, the eNB 105 may separate bundled A/N information for anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes.

[0103] At block 520, the eNB 105 may determine if the bundled anchor subframe A/N information indicates that the transmitted codewords for the anchor subframes were received correctly. If the bundled anchor subframe A/N information was received correctly, the eNB 105 may increase the anchor MCS at block 525. If the bundled anchor subframe A/N information indicates that at least one codeword of the anchor subframes was not decoded correctly at the UE 115, the eNB 105 may decrease the anchor MCS at block 530.

[0104] At block 535, the eNB 105 may determine if the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information indicates that the transmitted codewords for the non-anchor subframes were received correctly. If the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information was received correctly, the eNB 105 may increase the non-anchor MCS at block 540. If the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information indicates that at least one codeword of the non-anchor subframes was not decoded correctly at the UE 115, the eNB 105 may decrease the non- anchor MCS at block 530.

[0105] The eNB 105 may then use the updated anchor MCS and non-anchor MCS for transmission of new codewords at block 505. Thus, the eNB 105 may run independent OLLA loops where bundled anchor A/N information is used to adapt the anchor MCS and bundled non-anchor A/N information is used to adapt the non-anchor MCS. [0106] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 600 for separate OLLA for anchor and non-anchor subframes in accordance with various embodiments. Method 600 may be performed, for example, by eNBs 105 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

[0107] At block 602 of method 600, the eNB 105 may determine an anchor MCS and a non-anchor MCS for a UE 1 15. For example, the eNB 105 may receive feedback (e.g., CQI, etc.) from the UE measured during anchor and non-anchor subframes, respectively. At block 605, the eNB may transmit encoded data to the UE 1 15 over one or more anchor and non- anchor subframes of a TDD carrier according to the anchor and non-anchor MCS values, respectively. [0108] At block 610, the eNB 105 may receive bundled and multiplexed A/N feedback for the transmitted codewords. At block 615, the eNB 105 may separate bundled A/N information for anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes.

[0109] At block 620, the eNB 105 may determine the BLER for anchor subframes based on the bundled anchor subframe A/N information. For example, the eNB 105 may determine the BLER based on filtered anchor subframe A/N information (e.g., moving average, IIR, FIR, etc.). At block 625, the eNB 105 may compare the anchor subframe BLER to a low BLER threshold TL. If the anchor subframe BLER is less than the low threshold TL, the eNB 105 may decrease the anchor MCS at block 630. If the anchor subframe BLER is greater than the low threshold T_L, the eNB 105 may compare the anchor subframe BLER to a high BLER threshold ¾ at block 635. If the anchor subframe BLER is greater than the high threshold ¾, the eNB 105 may increase the anchor MCS at block 640.

[0110] At block 645, the eNB 105 may determine the BLER for non-anchor subframes based on the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information. For example, the eNB 105 may determine the non-anchor subframe BLER based on filtered non-anchor subframe A/N information (e.g., moving average, IIR, FIR, etc.). At block 650, the eNB 105 may compare the non-anchor subframe BLER to a low BLER threshold T_L. If the non-anchor subframe BLER is less than the low threshold TL, the eNB 105 may decrease the non-anchor MCS at block 655. If the non-anchor subframe BLER is greater than the low threshold TL, the eNB 105 may compare the non-anchor subframe BLER to a high BLER threshold T_H at block 660. If the non-anchor subframe BLER is greater than the high threshold T_H, the eNB 105 may increase the non-anchor MCS at block 665. [0111] The eNB 105 may then use the updated anchor MCS and non-anchor MCS for transmission of new codewords at block 605. Thus, the eNB 105 may run independent OLLA loops where anchor subframe BLER is used to adapt the anchor MCS and non-anchor subframe BLER is used to adapt the non-anchor MCS. [0112] FIG. 7 illustrates a device 700 for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. Device 700 may illustrate, for example, aspects of UEs 115 illustrated in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. Device 700 may include a receiver/decoder module 705, A/N separator module 710, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720, bundled A/N multiplexing module 725, and a transmitter/encoder 730. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[0113] The receiver/decoder module 705 may receive downlink transmissions in anchor and non-anchor subframes of a TDD carrier. The receiver/decoder module 705 may decode the received transmissions and determine A/N information for the received transmissions. [0114] A/N separator module 710 may separate A/N information for anchor and non- anchor subframes. Anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 may bundle the anchor A/N information. For example, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 may generate a single bundled bit for single codeword transmissions. In some examples, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 performs a logical AND of anchor subframe A/N bits where a logical T indicates an ACK. Where multiple codewords are received in the downlink transmissions, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 may perform A/N bundling for the multiple codewords independently. For example, where two codewords are present in one or more downlink subframes, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 may generate A/N information for each codeword separately. For independent codeword A/N, an ACK may be assumed if only one codeword is transmitted in a particular subframe. Alternatively, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 may apply spatial bundling to multiple codeword transmissions before anchor subframe A/N bundling. Where spatial bundling is applied, an ACK may be generated for a particular subframe only where each transmitted codeword of the subframe is received correctly. [0115] Non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 may bundle the non-anchor A/N information. For example, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 may generate a single bundled bit for single codeword transmissions. In some examples, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 performs a logical AND of non-anchor subframe A/N bits where a logical T indicates an ACK. Where multiple codewords are received in the downlink transmissions, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 may perform A/N bundling for the multiple codewords independently. For example, where two codewords are present in one or more downlink subframes, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 may generate A/N information for each codeword separately. For independent codeword A/N, an ACK may be assumed if only one codeword is transmitted in a particular subframe. Alternatively, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 may apply spatial bundling to multiple codeword transmissions before non-anchor subframe A/N bundling. Where spatial bundling is applied, an ACK may be generated for a particular subframe only where each transmitted codeword of the subframe is received correctly. In some embodiments, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715 and non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720 may be separately configured for independent codeword A/N or spatial bundling. [0116] Bundled A/N multiplexing module 725 may multiplex the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for uplink transmission. Transmitter/encoder 730 may encode the bundled and multiplexed A/N information using an appropriate PUCCH format and PUCCH resources. Transmitter/encoder 730 may determine the physical uplink control format (e.g., PUCCH format, and the like) and resources based on the bundled and multiplexed A/N information. For example, where there are two multiplexed bits, PUCCH format lb may be used and PUCCH resources may be determined based on explicit assignment or implicit assignment using an index related to PDCCH or PDSCH parameters. For example, PUCCH resources may be determined by the lowest CCE index of the latest received DL assignment in downlink subframes (e.g., both anchor and non-anchor subframes).

[0117] Where there are 2 or more than 2 bits, PUCCH format lb with channel selection may be used for encoding 2-4 multiplexed bits. Channel selection resources may be determined based on various parameters of the received downlink transmissions. For example, a first PUCCH resource may be determined based on the lowest CCE index of the latest received DL assignment in the anchor subframe, a second PUCCH resource may be determined based on the lowest CCE index of the latest received DL assignment in the non- anchor subframe, and third and fourth PUCCH resources may be determined by adding a fixed or configurable index offset to the first and second PUCCH resources. The third and fourth PUCCH resources may not be needed when spatial bundling is applied to the anchor and/or non-anchor subframes. This is merely one example and PUCCH resources for channel selection may be determined based on various combinations of these or other PDCCH or PDSCH parameters associated with the downlink transmissions. Transmitter/encoder 730 may transmit the bundled and multiplexed A/N information to the eNB using the identified PUCCH resources.

[0118] FIG. 8 illustrates a device 800 for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. Device 800 may illustrate, for example, aspects of eNBs 105 illustrated in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. Device 800 may include a receiver/decoder module 805, anchor subframe A/N processing module 810, non-anchor subframe A/N processing module 815, and a transmitter/encoder 820. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[0119] Receiver/decoder 805 may receive bundled and multiplexed A/N feedback for codewords transmitted to a UE 115. Receiver/decoder 805 may separate bundled A/N information for anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes.

[0120] Anchor subframe A/N processing module 810 may process the bundled anchor subframe A/N information. For example anchor subframe A/N processing module 810 may communicate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information to HARQ processes associated with the codewords transmitted on the corresponding anchor subframes. The HARQ processes may retransmit (e.g., via transmitter/encoder 820) the codeword information based on receiving a NACK in the bundled anchor subframe A/N information.

[0121] Non-anchor subframe A/N processing module 815 may process the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information. For example non-anchor subframe A/N processing module 815 may communicate the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to HARQ processes associated with the codewords transmitted on the corresponding non-anchor subframes. The HARQ processes may retransmit (e.g., via transmitter/encoder 820) the codeword information based on receiving a NACK in the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information. [0122] FIG. 9 illustrates a device 900 for running separate OLLA loops for anchor and non-anchor subframes in accordance with various embodiments. Device 900 may illustrate, for example, aspects of eNBs 105 illustrated in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. Device 900 may include a receiver/decoder module 805-a, anchor subframe A/N processing module 810-a, non-anchor subframe A/N processing module 815-a, anchor subframe OLLA module 825, non-anchor subframe OLLA module 830, and a transmitter/encoder 820-a. Each of these components may be in communication with each other.

[0123] Receiver/decoder 805-a may receive bundled and multiplexed A/N feedback for codewords transmitted to a UE 115 and may separate bundled A/N information for anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes. Anchor subframe A/N processing module 810-a and non-anchor subframe A/N processing module 815-a may process the bundled anchor subframe A/N information.

[0124] Anchor subframe OLLA module 825 may perform link adaptation for codeword transmissions on anchor subframes. For example, anchor subframe OLLA module 825 may receive CQI information for anchor subframes to set the anchor subframe MCS based on channel conditions. Anchor subframe OLLA module 825 may increase or decrease the anchor subframe MCS based on received bundled A/N information for anchor subframes (e.g., incrementally based on ACK or NACK indications or based on anchor subframe BLER determined from the received bundled A/N information).

[0125] Non-anchor subframe OLLA module 830 may perform link adaptation for codeword transmissions on non-anchor subframes. For example, non-anchor subframe OLLA module 830 may receive CQI information for non-anchor subframes to set the non- anchor subframe MCS based on channel conditions. Non-anchor subframe OLLA module 830 may increase or decrease the non-anchor subframe MCS based on received bundled A/N information for non-anchor subframes (e.g., incrementally based on ACK or NACK indications or based on non-anchor subframe BLER determined from the received bundled A/N information).

[0126] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a MIMO communication system 1000 including a base station or eNB 105-c and a mobile device or UE 115-c. The base station 105-c may be an example of the base stations 105 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, while the mobile device 115-c may be an example of the communication devices 115 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. This system 1000 may illustrate aspects of the system 100 of FIG. 1 and/or system 200 or FIG. 2. The base station 105-c may be equipped with M antennas 1234-a through 1234-x, and the mobile device 115-c may be equipped with N antennas 1052-a through 1052-y. In the system 1000, the base station 105-c may be able to send data over multiple communication links at the same time. Each communication link may be called a "layer" and the "rank" of the communication link may indicate the number of layers used for communication. Each layer may transmit a different data stream. For example, a two-layer transmission may include two codewords transmitted in one subframe. Additionally or alternatively, the base station 105-c may employ transmit diversity to improve robustness of transmissions received by the mobile device 115-c. The mobile device 115-c may employ receive diversity using multiple receive antennas to combine signals received at multiple antennas. [0127] At the base station 105-c, a transmit (Tx) processor 1020 may receive data from a data source. The transmit processor 1020 may process the data. The transmit processor 1020 may also generate reference symbols, and a cell-specific reference signal. A transmit (Tx) MEVIO processor 1030 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on data symbols, control symbols, and/or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to the transmit modulators 1032-a through 1032-m. Each modulator 1032 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator 1032 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink (DL) signal. In one example, DL signals from modulators 1032-a through 1032-m may be transmitted via the antennas 1034-a through 1034-x, respectively.

[0128] At the mobile device 115-c, the mobile device antennas 1052-a through 1052-n may receive the DL signals from the base station 105 -a and may provide the received signals to the demodulators 1054-a through 1054-n, respectively. Each demodulator 1054 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator 1054 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. A MEVIO detector 1056 may obtain received symbols from all the demodulators 1054-a through 1054-n, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. A receive (Rx) processor 1058 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, providing decoded data for the mobile device 105-c to a data output, and provide decoded control information to a processor 1080, or memory 1082. [0129] The mobile device 115-c may employ hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for feedback of A/N information over a TDD carrier. For example, the mobile device 115-c may receive downlink transmissions and may separate A/N information for anchor and non- anchor subframes. Where multiple codewords are received in the downlink transmissions, the separated A/N information may include one bit for each codeword for each received subframe.

[0130] The mobile device 115-c may perform hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing for the multiple codewords independently. For example, where two codewords are present in one or more downlink subframes, the mobile device 115-c may generate A/N information for each codeword separately. For independent codeword A/N, an ACK may be assumed if only one codeword is transmitted in a particular subframe.

[0131] Alternatively, the mobile device 115-c may apply spatial bundling across codewords of each received subframe. Where spatial bundling is applied, an ACK may be generated for the subframe only where both codewords are received correctly. In some embodiments, spatial bundling may be separately configured for anchor and non-anchor subframes.

[0132] The base station 105-c may transmit codewords to the mobile device 115-c over one or more anchor and non-anchor subframes of a TDD carrier. The base station 105-c may receive bundled and multiplexed A/N feedback for the transmitted codewords. The base station 105-c may separate bundled A/N information for anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes. The base station 105-c may perform outer loop link adaptation for anchor and non-anchor subframes independently as described above with reference to FIG. 5 or FIG. 9.

[0133] On the uplink (UL), at the mobile device 115-c, a transmit (Tx) processor 1064 may receive and process data from a data source or a processor 1040 coupled with memory 1042. The transmit processor 1064 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 1064 may be precoded by a transmit (Tx) MIMO processor 1066 if applicable, further processed by the demodulators 1054-a through 1054-n (e.g., for SC-FDMA, etc.), and be transmitted to the base station 105-c in accordance with the transmission parameters received from the base station 105-c. At the base station 105-c, the UL signals from the mobile device 115-c may be received by the antennas 1034, processed by the demodulators 1032, detected by a MIMO detector 1036 if applicable, and further processed by a receive (Rx) processor 1038. The receive processor 1038 may provide decoded data to a data output and to the processor 1040.

[0134] The components of the base station 105-c may, individually or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the noted modules may be a means for performing one or more functions related to operation of the system 1000. Similarly, the components of the mobile device 115-c may, individually or collectively, be implemented with one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the noted components may be a means for performing one or more functions related to operation of the system 1000.

[0135] FIG. 11 is a block diagram 1100 of a mobile device 115-d configured for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. The mobile device 115-d may have any of various configurations, such as personal computers (e.g., laptop computers, netbook computers, tablet computers, etc.), cellular telephones, PDAs, smartphones, digital video recorders (DVRs), internet appliances, gaming consoles, e-readers, etc. The mobile device 115-d may have an internal power supply (not shown), such as a small battery, to facilitate mobile operation. In some embodiments, the mobile device 115-d may be the mobile devices 115 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.

[0136] The mobile device 115-d may generally include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting communications and components for receiving communications. The mobile device 115-d may include a transceiver module 1110, antenna(s) 1105, memory 1180, and a processor module 1170, which each may communicate, directly or indirectly, with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). The transceiver module 1110 is configured to communicate bi-directionally, via the antenna(s) 1105 and/or one or more wired or wireless links, with one or more networks, as described above. For example, the transceiver module 1110 may be configured to communicate bi-directionally with base stations 105 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. The transceiver module 1110 may include a modem configured to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antenna(s) 1105 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antenna(s) 1105. While the mobile device 115-d may include a single antenna 1105, the mobile device 115-c may have multiple antennas 1105 capable of concurrently transmitting and/or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver module 1110 may be capable of concurrently communicating with multiple eNBs 105 via multiple component carriers.

[0137] The memory 1180 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1180 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software/firmware code 1185 containing instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the processor module 1170 to perform various functions described herein (e.g., call processing, database management, capture of handover delay, etc.). Alternatively, the software/firmware code 1185 may not be directly executable by the processor module 1170 but be configured to cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

[0138] The processor module 1170 may include an intelligent hardware device, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application- specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. The mobile device 115-d may include a speech encoder (not shown) configured to receive audio via a microphone, convert the audio into packets (e.g., 20 ms in length, 30 ms in length, etc.) representative of the received audio, provide the audio packets to the transceiver module 1110, and provide indications of whether a user is speaking.

[0139] According to the architecture of FIG. 11, the mobile device 115-d may further include A/N separator module 710-a, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715-a, non- anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720-a, and bundled A/N multiplexing module 725-a. By way of example, these modules may be components of the mobile device 115-d in communication with some or all of the other components of the mobile device 115-d via a bus. Alternatively, functionality of these modules may be implemented as a component of the transceiver module 1110, as a computer program product, and/or as one or more controller elements of the processor module 1170.

[0140] The mobile device 115-d may be configured to perform hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing as described above. The components for mobile device 115-d may be configured to implement aspects discussed above with respect to UEs 115 of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 and/or device 700 of FIG. 7. For example, A/N separator module 710-a, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715-a, non- anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720-a, and bundled A/N multiplexing module 725-a may perform the functions described above with reference to the A/N separator module 710, anchor subframe A/N bundling module 715, non-anchor subframe A/N bundling module 720, and bundled A/N multiplexing module 725 of FIG. 7, respectively.

[0141] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of a communications system 1200 that may be configured for hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. This system 1200 may be an example of aspects of the systems 100 or 200 depicted in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2. The system 1200 includes a base station 105-d configured for communication with UEs 115 over wireless communication links 125. Base station 105-d may be capable of receiving communication links 125 from other base stations (not shown). Base station 105-d may be, for example, an eNB 105 as illustrated in systems 100 or 200.

[0142] In some cases, the base station 105-d may have one or more wired backhaul links. Base station 105-d may be, for example, a macro eNB 105 having a wired backhaul link (e.g., SI interface, etc.) to the core network 130-a. Base station 105-d may also communicate with other base stations 105, such as base station 105-m and base station 105-n via inter-base station communication links (e.g., X2 interface, etc.). Each of the base stations 105 may communicate with UEs 115 using the same or different wireless communications technologies. In some cases, base station 105-d may communicate with other base stations such as 105-m and/or 105-n utilizing base station communication module 1215. In some embodiments, base station communication module 1215 may provide an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between some of the base stations 105. In some embodiments, base station 105-d may communicate with other base stations through core network 130-a. In some cases, the base station 105-d may communicate with the core network 130-a through network communications module 1265. [0143] The components for base station 105-d may be configured to implement aspects discussed above with respect to base stations 105 of FIG. 1 and/or devices 800 or 900 of FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 and may not be repeated here for the sake of brevity. For example, the anchor subframe A/N processing module 810-b, non-anchor subframe A/N processing module 815-b, anchor subframe OLLA module 825-a, and non-anchor subframe OLLA module 830-a may be, respectively, examples of the anchor subframe A/N processing modules 810, non-anchor subframe A/N processing modules 815, anchor subframe OLLA module 825, and non-anchor subframe OLLA module 830 illustrated in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9.

[0144] The base station 105-d may include antennas 1245, transceiver modules 1250, memory 1270, and a processor module 1260, which each may be in communication, directly or indirectly, with each other (e.g., over bus system 1280). The transceiver modules 1250 may be configured to communicate bi-directionally, via the antennas 1245, with the UEs 115, which may be multi-mode devices. The transceiver module 1250 (and/or other components of the base station 105-d) may also be configured to communicate bi-directionally, via the antennas 1245, with one or more other base stations (not shown). The transceiver module 1250 may include a modem configured to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas 1245 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas 1245. The base station 105-d may include multiple transceiver modules 1250, each with one or more associated antennas 1245.

[0145] The memory 1270 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1270 may also store computer-readable, computer-executable software code 1275 containing instructions that are configured to, when executed, cause the processor module 1260 to perform various functions described herein (e.g., call processing, database management, message routing, etc.). Alternatively, the software 1275 may not be directly executable by the processor module 1260 but be configured to cause the computer, e.g., when compiled and executed, to perform functions described herein.

[0146] The processor module 1260 may include an intelligent hardware device, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a microcontroller, an application- specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. The processor module 1860 may include various special purpose processors such as encoders, queue processing modules, base band processors, radio head controllers, digital signal processors (DSPs), and the like.

[0147] According to the architecture of FIG. 12, the base station 105-d may further include a communications management module 1240. The communications management module 1240 may manage communications with other base stations 105. The communications management module may include a controller and/or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other base stations 105. For example, the communications management module 1240 may perform scheduling for transmissions to UEs 115 and/or various interference mitigation techniques such as beamforming and/or joint transmission.

[0148] FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of an example method 1300 for performing hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. The method 1300 may be performed using, for example, the UEs 115 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 10 or FIG. 11. Method 1300 may be applied, for example, to generate bundled and multiplexed A/N information for various TDD configurations including the LTE/LTE-A TDD configurations of Table 1.

[0149] At block 1305, a first set of transmissions may be received in one or more anchor subframes over a TDD carrier. At block 1310, a second set of transmissions may be received in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier. The anchor and non-anchor subframes of the first and second sets of transmissions may correspond to an association set of an identified uplink subframe.

[0150] At block 1315, A/N information may be determined for the first and second sets of transmissions. For example, the UE may attempt to decode codewords transmitted in the first and second sets of transmissions to determine the A/N information. The A/N information for the first and second sets of transmissions may be separated.

[0151] At block 1320, the A/N information for the first set of transmissions may be bundled to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information. Where the first set of transmissions carry a single codeword, a logical AND may be performed on A/N bits for each received codewords of the anchor subframes to generate a single bundled anchor subframe A/N bit. Where multiple codewords are transmitted using spatial multiplexing, hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing may be performed for the multiple codewords independently or spatial bundling may be applied to generate an ACK for the subframe where each of the multiple codewords in the subframe is decoded correctly. [0152] At block 1325, the A/N information for the second set of transmissions may be bundled to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information. Where the second set of transmissions carry a single codeword, a logical AND may be performed on A/N bits for each received codewords of the non-anchor subframes to generate a single bundled non-anchor subframe A/N bit. Where multiple codewords are transmitted using spatial multiplexing, hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing may be performed for the multiple codewords independently or spatial bundling may be applied to generate an ACK for the subframe where each of the multiple codewords in the subframe is decoded correctly.

[0153] At block 1330, the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information may be transmitted to the eNB 105 in the identified uplink subframe. The physical uplink control format (e.g., PUCCH format, and the like) and resources for transmission in the uplink subframe may be determined based on the bundled and multiplexed A/N information.

[0154] FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of an example method 1400 for performing hybrid A/N bundling and multiplexing in accordance with various embodiments. The method 1300 may be performed using, for example, the eNBs 105 of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 10 or FIG. 12. Method 1400 may be applied, for example, to receive and process bundled and multiplexed A/N information for various TDD configurations including the LTE/LTE-A TDD configurations of Table 1.

[0155] At block 1405, a first set of transmissions may be transmitted to a UE in one or more anchor subframes over a TDD carrier. At block 1410, a second set of transmissions may be transmitted to the UE in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier. The anchor and non-anchor subframes of the first and second sets of transmissions may correspond to an association set of an identified uplink subframe.

[0156] At block 1415, A/N information may be received from the UE in the identified uplink subframe. At block 1420, bundled anchor subframe A/N information may be determined for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information. For example, the eNB may decode a received PUCCH transmission in the uplink subframe and identify a single bit of A/N information associated with the anchor subframes for single codeword transmissions. For multiple codeword transmissions, one bit may be identified in the PUCCH transmission for each of N codewords where independent A/N information is generated for each codeword. Alternatively, a single bit may be identified for the N codewords of the anchor subframes where spatial bundling is applied.

[0157] At block 1430, bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information may be determined for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information. For example, the eNB may decode a received PUCCH transmission in the uplink subframe and identify a single bit of A/N information associated with the non-anchor subframes for single codeword transmissions. For multiple codeword transmissions, one bit may be identified in the PUCCH transmission for each of N codewords where independent A/N information is generated for each codeword. Alternatively, a single bit may be identified for the N codewords of the non-anchor subframes where spatial bundling is applied. [0158] In some embodiments, the eNB 105 may perform separate OLLA for anchor and non-anchor subframes. At blocks 1425 and 1435, the UE may use the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for OLLA for the anchor subframes and non-anchor subframes separately as described above with reference to FIG. 5 or FIG. 6. [0159] The detailed description set forth above in connection with the appended drawings describes exemplary embodiments and does not represent the only embodiments that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term "exemplary" used throughout this description means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other embodiments." The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described embodiments.

[0160] Information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0161] The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application- specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0162] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software/firmware, or combinations thereof. If implemented in software/firmware , the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software/firmware, functions described above can be implemented using software/firmware executed by, e.g., a processor, hardware, hardwiring, or combinations thereof. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, "or" as used in a list of items prefaced by "at least one of indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

[0163] Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special- purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software/firmware is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0164] The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Throughout this disclosure the term "example" or "exemplary" indicates an example or instance and does not imply or require any preference for the noted example. Thus, the disclosure is not to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) in communication with a base station over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, the method comprising:

receiving a first set of transmissions in one or more anchor subframes over the

TDD carrier;

receiving a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

determining acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information for the first and second sets of transmissions;

bundling the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information;

bundling the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information; and

transmitting the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe,

wherein the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information each comprise a single bit.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe,

wherein the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information each comprise one bit for each of the N codewords.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the N bits of bundled anchor subframe A/N information corresponding to the N transmitted codewords are each generated by performing a logical AND operation across the anchor subframes, and wherein the N bits of bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information corresponding to the N transmitted codewords are each generated by performing a logical AND operation across the non-anchor subframes.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

determining for at least one of the one or more anchor subframes or the one or more non-anchor subframes that one of the N codewords was not transmitted; and

setting A/N information associated with the one of the N codewords for the at least one of the one or more anchor subframes or the one or more non-anchor subframes to an ACK value.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

wherein determining the A/N information comprises determining A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions, and wherein the A/N information for the N codewords is bundled for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

identifying the uplink subframe based on a TDD configuration of the TDD carrier; and

identifying the one or more anchor subframes and the one or more non-anchor subframes based on an association set of the identified uplink subframe.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

identifying a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information; and

wherein the transmitting comprises multiplexing the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

identifying at least one physical uplink control channel resource based on an index associated with a downlink control transmission for one of the first or second sets of transmissions.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

transmitting the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information on the at least one identified physical uplink control channel resource.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the identified at least one physical uplink control channel resource comprises a plurality of physical uplink control channel resources, the method further comprising:

encoding at least one bit of the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information as a selected resource of the plurality of physical uplink control channel resources.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more anchor subframes comprises a single anchor subframe.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more non-anchor subframes comprises a single non-anchor subframe.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more anchor subframes comprise fixed downlink subframes in a predetermined set of TDD configurations for the TDD carrier, and wherein the one or more non-anchor subframes comprise subframes that can be flexibly allocated as downlink or uplink subframes in the predetermined set of TDD configurations.

15. A method for receiving acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information from a user equipment (UE) over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, the method comprising:

transmitting a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier; transmitting a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

receiving A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier;

determining bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information; and

determining bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

identifying a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes; and

identifying a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits; and

decreasing the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

determining a first block error rate (BLER) for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information;

determining that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold; and

decreasing at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe, wherein the one or more first bits and one or more second bits each comprise a single bit.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

wherein the one or more first bits and one or more second bits each comprise one bit associated with each of the N codewords.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

wherein the one or more first bits and one or more second bits each comprise a single bit comprising spatially bundled A/N information across the N codewords.

22. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

retransmitting the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: means for receiving a first set of transmissions at a user equipment (UE) in one or more anchor subframes over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier;

means for receiving a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

means for determining acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information for the first and second sets of transmissions;

means for bundling the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information;

means for bundling the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information; and means for transmitting the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the means for determining the A/N information determines that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe,

and wherein the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information each comprise a single bit.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the means for determining the A/N information determines that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe,

and wherein the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information each comprise one bit for each of the N codewords.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the means for determining the A/N information determines that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe, and wherein the means for determining the A/N information determines A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions, and wherein the A/N information for the N codewords is bundled for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information.

27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the means for transmitting identifies a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information, and wherein the means for transmitting multiplexes the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the means for transmitting identifies at least one physical uplink control channel resource based on an index associated with a downlink control transmission for one of the first or second sets of transmissions.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the means for transmitting transmits the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information on the at least one identified physical uplink control channel resource.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the identified at least one physical uplink control channel resource comprises a plurality of physical uplink control channel resources, and wherein the means for transmitting encodes at least one bit of the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information as a selected resource of the plurality of physical uplink control channel resources.

31. An apparatus for receiving acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information from a user equipment (UE) over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, the apparatus comprising:

means for transmitting a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

means for transmitting a second set of transmissions in one or more non- anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

means for receiving A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier;

means for determining bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information; and

means for determining bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:

means for identifying a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes; and

means for identifying a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes.

33. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising: means for determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits; and

means for decreasing the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication.

34. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising:

means for determining a first block error rate (BLER) for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information;

means for determining that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold; and

means for decreasing at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

35. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising:

means for determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits; and

means for retransmitting the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication.

36. A device for wireless communication, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory in electronic communication with the processor, the memory embodying instructions, the instructions being executable by the processor to:

receive a first set of transmissions at a user equipment (UE) in one or more anchor subframes over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier;

receive a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

determine acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information for the first and second sets of transmissions;

bundle the A/N information for the first set of transmissions to generate bundled anchor subframe A/N information; bundle the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information; and

transmit the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information to the base station in an uplink subframe over the TDD carrier.

37. The device of claim 36, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

determine that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of one codeword for each downlink subframe,

38. The device of claim 36, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

determine that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe,

39. The device of claim 36, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

determine that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe;

determine A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions; and

bundle the A/N information for the N codewords for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information.

40. The device of claim 36, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to: identify a physical uplink control channel format for transmission of the determined A/N information; and

multiplex the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

41. The device of claim 40, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

identify at least one physical uplink control channel resource based on an index associated with a downlink control transmission for one of the first or second sets of transmissions.

42. The device of claim 41, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

transmit the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information on the at least one identified physical uplink control channel resource.

43. The device of claim 42, wherein the identified at least one physical uplink control channel resource comprises a plurality of physical uplink control channel resources, and wherein the memory further embodies instructions being executable by the processor to encode at least one bit of the multiplexed bundled anchor and non-anchor subframe A/N information as a selected resource of the plurality of physical uplink control channel resources.

44. A device for receiving acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information from a user equipment (UE) over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, comprising:

a processor; and

transmit a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

transmit a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier; receive A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the

TDD carrier;

determine bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information; and determine bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information.

45. The device of claim 44, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

identify a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for downlink transmissions to the UE in anchor subframes; and

identify a second MCS for downlink transmissions to the UE in non-anchor subframes.

46. The device of claim 45, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

determine that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits; and

decrease the corresponding first MCS or second MCS based on the received NACK indication.

47. The device of claim 45, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

determine a first block error rate (BLER) for anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled anchor A/N information and a second BLER for non-anchor subframes based on a sequence of bundled non-anchor A/N information;

determine that at least one of the first BLER or second BLER is below a threshold; and

decrease at least one of the first MCS or second MCS based on the corresponding BLER being below the threshold.

48. The device of claim 44, the memory further embodying instructions being executable by the processor to:

retransmit the corresponding first set or second set of transmissions based on the NACK indication.

49. A computer program product for wireless communication, comprising: a computer-readable medium, comprising code for:

receiving a first set of transmissions at a user equipment (UE) in one or more anchor subframes over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier;

bundling the A/N information for the second set of transmissions to generate bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information; and

50. The computer program product of claim 49, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for:

51. The computer program product of claim 49, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for: determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe,

52. The computer program product of claim 49, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for:

determining that the first and second sets of transmissions are associated with transmission of N codewords for each downlink subframe;

determining A/N information for each of the N codewords in the first and second sets of transmissions; and

bundling the A/N information for the N codewords for at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions prior to bundling the first and second sets of transmissions to generate the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non- anchor subframe A/N information.

53. The computer program product of claim 49, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for:

multiplexing the bundled anchor subframe A/N information and the bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information according to the identified physical uplink control channel format.

54. A computer program product for receiving acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (A/N) information from a user equipment (UE) over a time division duplex (TDD) carrier, comprising:

a computer-readable medium, comprising code for:

transmitting a first set of transmissions to the UE in one or more anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

transmitting a second set of transmissions in one or more non-anchor subframes over the TDD carrier;

receiving A/N information from the UE in an uplink subframe over the

TDD carrier; determining bundled anchor subframe A/N information for the first set of transmissions based on one or more first bits of the received A/N information; and determining bundled non-anchor subframe A/N information for the second set of transmissions based on one or more second bits of the received A/N information.

55. The computer program product of claim 54, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for:

56. The computer program product of claim 55, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for:

57. The computer program product of claim 55, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for:

58. The computer program product of claim 54, wherein the computer- readable medium further comprises code for: determining that at least one of the first or second sets of transmissions was incorrectly received at the UE based on a received NACK indication in one of the one or more first bits or one or more second bits; and