WO2015014736A1 - Procédé de détermination d'une puissance maximale d'une installation de production d'énergie et convertisseur de courant - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination d'une puissance maximale d'une installation de production d'énergie et convertisseur de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015014736A1
WO2015014736A1 PCT/EP2014/066009 EP2014066009W WO2015014736A1 WO 2015014736 A1 WO2015014736 A1 WO 2015014736A1 EP 2014066009 W EP2014066009 W EP 2014066009W WO 2015014736 A1 WO2015014736 A1 WO 2015014736A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
converter
maximum power
current maximum
pmax
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/066009
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Lehmann
Mathias Duckheim
Johannes Reinschke
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2015014736A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015014736A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining a current maximum power of a system for generating electrical energy, which system is controlled by a power converter. Moreover, the present invention relates to a corresponding power converter for determining a current maximum power of the system.
  • energy management is an important task.
  • the objectives in energy management include increasing energy efficiency (ie minimizing energy consumption, maximizing the use of renewable energy sources), ensuring electrical energy supply despite fluctuating, only partially controllable (renewable) energy producers, reducing energy costs (low electricity) consume just when little electricity is produced and the electricity price is therefore high) and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions ("C0 2 -Footprint").
  • Energy management systems can basically consider all types of energy, ie in addition to electrical energy, for example Coal, gas, steam, district heating and cooling are defined in the standard ISO50001.
  • a power management system is a special energy management system that only records electrical energy flows in a system and, if necessary, optimally controls them with regard to the above-mentioned criteria.
  • photovoltaic systems are widely used and therefore important for energy and power management systems. Due to legal regulations, photovoltaic systems with a peak output of more than 30 kW must be able to be regulated down to Ways to ensure network stability. This functionality can also be used for energy and power management systems. If a photovoltaic system is in a throttled state, ie less energy is fed into the supply network at the connection point of the photovoltaic system than would be possible due to solar radiation, the value of the currently available PV power (photovoltaic power) is which is only partially retrieved, an important variable for an energy or power management system. In the range between 0 PV power and the currently maximum available PV power, the power management system can optimize the actual injected PV power. In terms of effective energy management or power management, it would therefore be expedient to determine the currently available maximum power of a power generation plant (eg photovoltaic system) which is in the throttled state.
  • a power generation plant eg photovoltaic system
  • the object of the present invention is thus to determine a current maximum power of a system for generating electrical energy. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for determining a current maximum power of a system for generating electrical energy, which system is controlled by a power converter,
  • the invention provides a power converter for determining a current maximum power of a system for generating electrical energy, which system is controllable by the power converter,
  • control device for controlling the power converter in such a way that the system generates a power reduced with respect to the current maximum power in a predetermined time interval, and for controlling the power converter such that the system is substantially (at least by a factor of 10) within a predetermined short-time interval ) is shorter than the predetermined time interval, the current maximum power is generated, and
  • the control device is further adapted to control the power converter after measuring such that the system again generates the reduced power compared to the current maximum power.
  • the electrical energy generated by the system is maximized for a short time in a predetermined time interval, and the current maximum power is measured. Since devices for measuring the power are already present in conventional converters, the current maximum power can usually be determined without additional measuring devices.
  • the measured actual maximum power is provided at an interface of the power converter for a converter-external unit.
  • the current maximum power is thus made available to the outside, for example, for an energy management system or a power management system.
  • the power converter can be controlled such that within the predetermined time interval the generated electrical power corresponds to the mean of the reduced power.
  • the additional energy generated within the short-term interval ie the energy which would not have been generated by the throttling per se, can be compensated by a power reduction.
  • the additional energy generated in the predetermined short-term interval can be compensated for by a power reduction initiated by the power converter in the predetermined time interval. Such a power reduction can be done within the remaining time interval or only in a part thereof.
  • the power reduction then compensates for the power increase in the specified short-term interval.
  • the additional energy generated in the given short-term interval can be temporarily stored in a memory. This would have the advantage that the system can continue to be operated with the intended power (throttled power) during the remaining time interval without requiring an additional control function (eg for a power reduction). The additional energy generated in the short-term interval is not lost and can be used at a later time.
  • Another alternative to the power reduction of the system is that the additional energy generated in the given short-term interval is consumed by a resistor of the power converter. This solution is advantageous if the control effort is to be kept as low as possible and the additional energy generated is not too high.
  • this variant has the advantage that a resistor is used to consume the energy, which is usually present in the power converter anyway.
  • the measured actual maximum power is made available to an energy management system or a power management system (power management system) for further use.
  • plants can be operated cost-effectively and with a high degree of efficiency, in particular if the power converter is controlled or regulated by the respective management system.
  • the power converter according to the invention can support in one form a communication protocol which continuously outputs the current maximum power. Accordingly, the current maximum power is provided at least once in the predetermined time interval, whereby a dynamic management of the provided power is possible.
  • a photovoltaic system or wind turbine can be equipped with the converter according to the invention.
  • other power generation plants such as hydroelectric power plants, biogas plants and other power plants, which require power converters, can benefit from a power converter according to the invention.
  • such systems can be integrated in large buildings or industrial plants and the converter according to the invention can be utilized in corresponding power management systems.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an example of a method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sketch of a power generation plant including a power converter according to the invention.
  • the exemplary embodiments described in more detail below represent preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the starting point of the present invention is that a currently available maximum power of a power generation plant located in the throttled state is to be determined.
  • the following two estimation methods could be used with which the current maximum available power of the power generation plant can be estimated at least approximately by means of additional hardware.
  • Currently available power converters for power generation plants by default, still provide no value for the currently available maximum power.
  • a sensor-based estimation or determination method for the maximum available power of a photovoltaic system can be based on the fact that the currently available, maximum PV power is determined via a separate brightness sensor.
  • the brightness sensor can carry out GHI or DHI measurements (Global Horizontal Irradiation, Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation).
  • GHI or DHI measurements Global Horizontal Irradiation, Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation.
  • An appropriate software tool evaluates the sensor results and delivers the maximum power continuously, for example, to an energy management system.
  • Another estimation method could be that the current available maximum PV power is determined by a separate small PV module. Its setpoint or setpoint is always set to 100%, so that the maximum power of this separate PV module is always provided. This additional PV module may not work with the
  • the maximum power of the actual PV system can be extrapolated by the small separate PV module.
  • the currently available maximum power is firstly determined directly, ie not estimated, and secondly, this method usually does not require any additional hardware components, because the measuring device used is usually already present in the typically used converters.
  • the PV system in general: system for generating electrical energy
  • the maximum power Pmax to be delivered at the present time is reduced to the reduced value Pred, as shown in step S1 in FIG.
  • the control of the PV inverter in general: power converter
  • the control of the PV inverter is now in uniform or non-uniform time intervals (predetermined time interval) of, for example, 5 minutes +/- 1 minute for a short time (preferably less than 10 seconds;
  • the maximum value is set, the current maximum power Pmax in the short-term interval is measured in step S3.
  • the setpoint for the power converter is reset to the previous throttled value, so that the power delivered by the system is reduced again to the value Pred.
  • the maximum available PV power determined in this way will remain until the next measurement, ie. H. until the next momentary increase in the PV power set point or setpoint value to 100%, stored as the maximum available PV power in the PV power converter. It can then be transmitted via an extended interface of the PV inverter or power converter, for example, to a higher-level energy management system.
  • the following three compensation variants can be selected: a) The additionally fed-in amount of energy resulting from the PV power overshoot is determined by the converter and, following the increase in the setpoint or setpoint, by a compensating setpoint / setpoint reduction of the PV power ("undershoot").
  • the system is operated for a short time or for the remainder of the predetermined time interval with an additionally reduced power Pcomp which is below the power Pred.
  • Pcomp which is below the power Pred.
  • the specified time interval can also correspond to a period duration that is used for electrical energy recording or accounting (typically 15 minutes)
  • the setpoint / setpoint of the converter is reset to the original value, which was applied before the measurement of the maximum available PV power.
  • the additional energy resulting from the above-described time-recurring, short-term increase in setpoint / setpoint value can be temporarily stored in a local, electrical storage. At a later time, such as at an external set point / setpoint of 100% or after sunset, the cached energy may then be provided and e.g. B. be fed into a network.
  • the additional energy resulting from the temporally recurring, short-term increase in setpoint / desired value as described above can, in turn, alternatively be consumed or destroyed by a resistor integrated in the PV inverter or power converter.
  • a resistor integrated in the PV inverter or power converter can, in turn, alternatively be consumed or destroyed by a resistor integrated in the PV inverter or power converter.
  • the measuring process does not disturb the power balance of the system.
  • 2 shows symbolically a plant 1 for generating electrical energy. These are, for example, a PV system or a wind turbine, in particular for a large building or an industrial production or the like.
  • the plant 1 supplies 2 electrical power P via a power converter.
  • This power P may be the maximum power Pmax, the reduced power Pred or another power.
  • the power converter 2 has a control device 3, with which a power converter circuit 4 is controlled.
  • a power converter circuit 4 which acts as a kind of valve, more or less power from the system 1 to the outside, for example, for feeding into a network, provided.
  • Typical power converters for PV systems usually have one or more devices for current measurement, voltage measurement and phase measurement.
  • Such a measuring device 5 is indicated in FIG 2 at the power converter circuit 4. With this measuring device, the power currently generated by the system can now be measured or determined. As a rule, current and voltage values are measured for this purpose and the corresponding power value is determined by multiplication. This is also referred to as “measuring" performance.
  • the current measured value Pmax is directly stored by the measuring device 5 or, if the corresponding measured values are delivered to the control device 3, by the latter and provided. 2, the latter variant is shown schematically, wherein the transmission of the measured values from the measuring device 5 in the control device 3 is not shown for reasons of space.
  • the current maximum value of the power Pmax in the control device 3 is determined or stored in the control device 3 here and stored and provided via an interface 6 to the outside for a power converter-external unit. The current maximum Pmax can thus be used in an energy or power management system.
  • the power converter and especially the PV inverter can support a communication protocol which constantly or in short periods recurrently outputs the current maximum available PV power.
  • a communication protocol which constantly or in short periods recurrently outputs the current maximum available PV power.
  • Such communication protocols are based, for example, on Modbus / RTU or BACnet / MS-TP.
  • the above embodiments show numerous advantages. On the one hand, it is possible to determine the currently maximum available photovoltaic power of a throttled PV system without additional hardware. On the other hand, it is also possible to correct the increase in the PV supply resulting from the maximum value determination without additional hardware. Alternatively, a temporal shift of the increase of the PV supply resulting from the maximum value determination by a local memory or a corresponding correction by a resistor integrated in the converter can also be made possible. Finally, the determined PV power limits may be continually updated in a power converter communication protocol and used for power management or power management optimization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Abstract

Il est avantageux, en particulier pour la gestion énergétique d'une installation photovoltaïque, de connaître la puissance maximale (Pmax) effectivement disponible de l'installation. C'est pourquoi, selon l'invention, un procédé de détermination d'une puissance maximale (Pmax) effective de l'installation servant à produire de l'énergie électrique est fourni, l'installation étant alimentée par un convertisseur de courant. Ce dernier est commandé de manière que l'installation produise une puissance réduite (Pred) par rapport à la puissance maximale effective dans un intervalle de temps prédéfini (S1). Il est en outre commandé de manière que l'installation produise la puissance maximale effective dans un court intervalle de temps prédéfini qui est nettement plus court que l'intervalle de temps prédéfini (S2). La puissance maximale (Pmax) effective est alors mesurée dans le court intervalle de temps prédéfini (S3). Enfin, le convertisseur de courant est commandé après la mesure de manière que l'installation produise à nouveau la puissance réduite par rapport à la puissance maximale effective.
PCT/EP2014/066009 2013-08-01 2014-07-25 Procédé de détermination d'une puissance maximale d'une installation de production d'énergie et convertisseur de courant WO2015014736A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013215161.6 2013-08-01
DE102013215161.6A DE102013215161A1 (de) 2013-08-01 2013-08-01 Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Maximalleistung einer Energieerzeugungsanlage und Stromrichter

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WO2015014736A1 true WO2015014736A1 (fr) 2015-02-05

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070246943A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-25 The University Of New Brunswick Stand-alone wind turbine system, apparatus, and method suitable for operating the same
DE102009037239A1 (de) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Repower Systems Ag Windenergieanlage mit einstellbarer Leistungsreserve
EP2295892A1 (fr) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-16 SMA Solar Technology AG Procédé et appareil pour determiner la puissance délivrable pour des conditions d'irradiation actuelle
EP2346084A2 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-20 General Electric Company Système et procédé de protection de tension de circuit ouvert
DE202010016207U1 (de) * 2010-12-03 2012-03-06 Voltwerk Electronics Gmbh Photovoltaikanlage

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070246943A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-25 The University Of New Brunswick Stand-alone wind turbine system, apparatus, and method suitable for operating the same
DE102009037239A1 (de) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Repower Systems Ag Windenergieanlage mit einstellbarer Leistungsreserve
EP2295892A1 (fr) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-16 SMA Solar Technology AG Procédé et appareil pour determiner la puissance délivrable pour des conditions d'irradiation actuelle
EP2346084A2 (fr) * 2010-01-19 2011-07-20 General Electric Company Système et procédé de protection de tension de circuit ouvert
DE202010016207U1 (de) * 2010-12-03 2012-03-06 Voltwerk Electronics Gmbh Photovoltaikanlage

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