WO2015014011A1 - 考虑充放电倍率的多类型电池储能电站能量管理方法 - Google Patents
考虑充放电倍率的多类型电池储能电站能量管理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015014011A1 WO2015014011A1 PCT/CN2013/084149 CN2013084149W WO2015014011A1 WO 2015014011 A1 WO2015014011 A1 WO 2015014011A1 CN 2013084149 W CN2013084149 W CN 2013084149W WO 2015014011 A1 WO2015014011 A1 WO 2015014011A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
- G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of smart grid and energy storage and conversion technology, and particularly relates to a real-time power control method and an energy management system for a high-power large-capacity megawatt battery energy storage power station considering battery charge and discharge rate characteristics, and is particularly suitable for large Battery power and battery energy management method for megawatt multi-type battery energy storage power station in large-scale wind and light storage combined power generation system.
- the National Scenery Storage and Depot Demonstration Project is the first pilot project of the State Grid Corporation to build a strong smart grid. It is characterized by "grid-friendly" new energy generation and is characterized by “advancedness, flexibility, demonstration, and economy".
- the world's largest renewable energy demonstration project integrating wind power, photovoltaic power generation, energy storage and transmission engineering.
- the National Landscape Storage and Demonstration Project plans to build wind power 100 liters, photovoltaic power generation 40 liters and energy storage devices 20 MW (including 14 MW lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system, 2 MW all vanadium flow battery energy storage system, 4 MW sodium) Sulfur battery energy storage system).
- lithium battery energy storage power stations are used to achieve smooth wind power output, tracking planned power generation, participation in system frequency modulation, peak clipping, transient active output emergency response, transient voltage emergency support.
- a variety of applications have become a viable option.
- One of the key issues is to master the energy management technology of large-scale multi-type battery energy storage power stations and the coordinated control methods of multi-type large-capacity battery energy storage units.
- Multi-type energy storage systems can be broadly classified into power storage systems and energy storage systems. At present, there are very few patents, literatures, and technical reports on the real-time control and energy management of total power based on megawatt multi-type battery energy storage power stations. It is necessary to thoroughly study and explore the comprehensive control and integration of large-scale multi-type battery energy storage power stations.
- the core technology of operation solves the key problems of coordinated control and energy management of large-scale multi-type battery energy storage power stations.
- the charge and discharge rate characteristics of the energy storage battery are generally not included in the constraint for energy management. Therefore, sometimes different types of storage may not be fully utilized. Advantages of complementary features of the system, affecting battery life and other disadvantages
- an object of the present invention is to disclose a multi-type battery energy storage power plant energy management method considering the charge and discharge rate of an energy storage battery, which can optimize different types of energy storage power stations in real time.
- a multi-type battery energy storage power plant energy management method considering charging and discharging rate comprising the following steps: Step 1) reading the total power demand value of the battery energy storage power station and the controllable state value of each battery energy storage unit in real time (when the battery When the energy storage unit is controllable, the controllable state value is 1; when the battery energy storage unit is uncontrollable, the controllable state value is 0), the battery rated capacity, the state of charge state, the maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable charging power;
- Step 2 judging the state of each battery energy storage power station according to the total power demand value of the battery energy storage power station, and further calculating the charging or discharging rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit;
- Step 3) calculating the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit based on the charging or discharging rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit;
- Step 4) Determine in real time whether the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit exceeds the maximum allowable charging or discharging power of the unit. If it exceeds, the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit is online corrected and recalculated; otherwise, Setting an initial power command value of the battery energy storage unit to its power command value;
- Step 5 The power command values of each battery energy storage unit are summarized and output to the battery energy storage power station to realize real-time power control and energy management of the battery energy storage power station.
- step 2) specifically includes:
- the discharge rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit is the maximum allowable discharge power value of the corresponding battery energy storage unit and the unit.
- the charging rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit is the maximum allowable charging power value of the corresponding battery energy storage unit and the unit.
- the power command value of all battery energy storage units is directly set to zero.
- the maximum allowable discharge power value of the controllable battery energy storage unit is equal to the product of the controllable state value of the battery energy storage unit and the maximum allowable discharge power; the maximum allowable charging power value of the controllable battery energy storage unit is equal to the battery The product of the controllable state value of the energy storage unit and the maximum allowable charging power.
- step 3) specifically includes:
- the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit is the state of charge and discharge rate of the corresponding energy storage unit.
- the product of the eigenvalues accounts for the current The ratio of the sum of the product of the state of charge of the controllable energy storage unit and the characteristic value of the discharge rate, and multiplied by the total power demand of the battery energy storage station;
- the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit is the discharge state value and charging of the corresponding control energy storage unit.
- the product of the magnification characteristic value accounts for the ratio of the sum of the current state of the charge state of the controllable energy storage unit and the characteristic value of the charge rate, and is multiplied by the total power demand of the battery energy storage station;
- the state of charge of the controllable energy storage unit is equal to the product of the controllable state value of the battery energy storage unit and the state of charge state; the discharge state value of the controllable energy storage unit is equal to the battery energy storage unit Control state value and discharge state value.
- the method for performing online correction and recalculation of the initial power command values of each battery energy storage unit in the step 4) includes the following steps:
- the initial power command value of the controllable battery energy storage unit is equal to the product of the controllable state value of the battery energy storage unit and the initial power command value
- the maximum allowable discharge power of the controllable energy storage unit is equal to the battery energy storage unit.
- the product of the control state value and the maximum allowable discharge power, the maximum allowable charging power of the controllable energy storage unit is equal to the product of the controllable state value of the battery energy storage unit and the maximum allowable charging power.
- step 4B is:
- Judgment condition J1 In the battery energy storage unit with a controllable state value of 1, select the battery energy storage unit k with the largest absolute maximum allowable discharge or charging power, and if only one battery energy storage unit meets the condition, jump Go to step 4C; otherwise, continue to perform the judgment condition J2;
- Judgment condition J2 Select the state of charge state from the energy storage unit that satisfies the judgment condition J1 (when the total power demand of the battery energy storage station is positive) or the state of charge is minimum (when the total power demand of the battery energy storage station is negative) Energy storage Unit k, if only one battery energy storage unit meets the conditions, then jump to step 4C; otherwise, continue to perform the determination condition J3;
- Judgment condition J3 Select the battery energy storage unit k with the largest discharge characteristic value of the discharge or charge ratio from the battery energy storage unit that satisfies the judgment conditions J1 and J2.
- the power command values of the remaining battery energy storage units that are not counted by the counter are:
- the maximum allowable discharge (or charging) power of the remaining controllable energy storage units accounts for the ratio of the maximum allowable discharge (or charging) power of all controllable battery energy storage units that are not counted by the counter, and multiplied by the current battery energy storage power station. The difference between the total power demand and the sum of the maximum allowable discharge (or charge) power of all battery energy storage units counted by the counter.
- the invention provides a real-time power control method for a megawatt multi-type battery (including a power storage battery and an energy storage battery), which has the charge and discharge rate characteristics and the state of charge of different types of energy storage systems. Therefore, the advantage of the service life of the energy storage battery can be prolonged.
- the method mainly combines the allowable charge and discharge capability of the battery energy storage unit with real-time power characteristics (ie, the maximum allowable discharge power of each battery energy storage unit, and the maximum energy storage unit of each battery).
- Allowable charging power, etc. a state of charge SOC indicating a stored energy characteristic of the battery energy storage unit, and a magnification characteristic value indicating a working capacity characteristic of the energy storage battery (ie, a discharge rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit, each battery).
- the charging capacity characteristic value of the energy storage unit, etc., and the greedy algorithm is used to correct the initial charging and discharging power values of each energy storage unit in real time, realizing the real-time optimal allocation of the total power demand of the multi-type battery energy storage power station, Energy management and real-time control of megawatt multi-type battery energy storage power stations are realized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system of an embodiment of a megawatt lithium ion battery energy storage power station
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a coordinated control and energy management method for a multi-type energy storage power plant of the present invention
- the control method of the invention can be applied to coordinated control and energy management of multi-type lithium battery energy storage power stations or multi-type energy storage power stations including lithium batteries, liquid flow batteries, super capacitors, sodium-sulfur batteries and the like, and the following
- multi-type lithium battery is taken as an example, and the control method of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- the lithium battery energy storage power station includes a bidirectional converter and a plurality of lithium battery energy storage units, and the bidirectional converter can perform the start and stop control and the charge and discharge power command of the lithium battery energy storage unit.
- Figure 2 shows a flow chart of coordinated control and energy management methods for multiple types of energy storage power stations, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1), read the total power demand value of the battery energy storage power station from the energy storage power station monitoring system in real time ⁇ 3 ⁇ And the controllable state value of each battery energy storage unit 13 ⁇ 4, battery rated capacity Ci bat , state of charge value SOCi, discharge state value SOD ⁇ maximum allowable Discharge power Pi Ai 3 ⁇ 4 and maximum allowable charging power Pi » ⁇ .
- Step 2 when the total power demand of the battery energy storage power station is positive, indicating that the battery energy storage power station will be in a discharged state, according to the battery rated capacity Ci bat and the maximum allowable discharge power of each energy storage unit (1) Find the characteristic value of the discharge rate of each battery energy storage unit (unit: 1/hour):
- Step 3 Find the charging rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit: Step 3), first determine the current state of the battery energy storage power station, and then calculate the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit according to the operating state of each battery energy storage unit:
- Step 4 determining in real time whether the initial power command value of each battery energy storage unit exceeds the maximum allowable charging (or discharging) power of the unit, and if so, performing online correction and recalculation on the initial power command values of each battery energy storage unit Otherwise, set the initial power command value of the battery energy storage unit to its power command value.
- the battery energy storage unit k having the largest absolute value of the current maximum allowable discharge power is selected (set as the judgment condition J11); if there is only one battery energy storage unit If the judgment condition J11 is satisfied, the process jumps to step A3; otherwise, the judgment condition J12 is continued;
- the energy storage unit k with the largest state of charge (SOCj) is selected from the energy storage unit that satisfies the condition (set to judge condition J12); If a battery energy storage unit satisfies the judgment conditions Jl l, J12 at the same time, it jumps to step A3; otherwise, the judgment condition J13 is continued;
- the battery energy storage unit k having the largest discharge rate characteristic value is selected from the battery energy storage unit satisfying the above judgment conditions J1 1 and J12 ( Set to judge condition ⁇ 3); A3) Limit the power command value P k of the corresponding energy storage unit k to the following equation (7).
- p p maximum allowable discharge
- A5) Set the initial power command value of all battery energy storage units to their power command values.
- the energy storage unit k with the smallest state of charge state is selected from the energy storage unit that satisfies the condition (set to judge condition J22); if there is only one battery storage If the unit can satisfy the judgment conditions J21 and J22 at the same time, the process jumps to step A23; otherwise, the judgment condition J23 is continued;
- the battery energy storage unit k having the largest charge rate characteristic value is selected from the battery energy storage units satisfying the above judgment conditions J21 and J22. To judge the condition J23);
- Step 5 the power command values of each battery energy storage unit are summarized and output to the battery energy storage power station to realize real-time power control and energy management of the battery energy storage power station.
- L is the total number of lithium battery energy storage units
- N and M are the number of lithium battery energy storage units that violate the maximum allowable discharge power and maximum allowable charging power constraints, respectively.
- the invention has the characteristics of combining the charge and discharge rate characteristics of different types of battery energy storage units and the maximum allowable working capacity of the energy storage system, and performs the functions of energy management and power coordinated control of the multi-type battery energy storage power station, thereby extending Energy storage battery life.
- the battery energy storage unit calculates the battery energy storage unit in the battery energy storage power station.
- the power command value may not properly balance the charge and discharge rate characteristics of different types of energy storage batteries, thereby limiting the complementary advantages of different types of battery energy storage systems, and there may be batteries that cannot effectively utilize the charge and discharge rate characteristics.
- the drawbacks of energy storage units may not properly balance the charge and discharge rate characteristics of different types of energy storage batteries, thereby limiting the complementary advantages of different types of battery energy storage systems, and there may be batteries that cannot effectively utilize the charge and discharge rate characteristics.
- the present invention adds "considering the charge-discharge rate characteristics of different types of energy storage batteries, first calculate the charge and discharge rate characteristic value of each battery energy storage unit, and effectively set the magnification characteristic value indicating the working capacity characteristics of the energy storage battery (ie, , the characteristic value of the discharge rate of each battery energy storage unit, the characteristic value of the charging capacity of each battery energy storage unit, etc.)
- the energy command value of the energy storage unit and the energy management system of the battery energy storage power station Therefore, not only the above drawbacks are overcome, but also the energy distribution between the multi-type battery energy storage units in the battery energy storage power station is better, and the service life of the energy storage battery is prolonged, and the aging speed of the energy storage battery is delayed.
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Abstract
一种考虑充放电倍率的多类型电池储能电站能量管理方法,包括:实时读取电池储能电站的相关数据;计算各电池储能机组的充电或放点倍率特征值;计算各电池储能机组的初始功率命令值;实时判断各电池储能机组的初始功率命令值是否超过该机组的最大允许充电或放电功率,若超过,则对各电池储能机组初始功率命令值进行在线修正和再计算;否则将储能机组的初始命令值设置为其功率命令值;对各电池储能机组的功率命令值汇总后输出。该方法将合理控制各储能机组的充放电倍率为目标,进行储能电站内部的功率协调控制及能量管理;还将储能电池使用寿命考虑到控制策略中,起到尽量避免对储能电池的滥用,减缓电池老化等功能。
Description
考虑充放电倍率的多类型电池储能电站能量管理方法 技术领域
本发明属于智能电网以及能量存储与转换技术领域, 具体涉及一种考虑电池充放电倍率 特性的大功率大容量兆瓦级电池储能电站的实时功率控制方法及其能量管理系统, 尤其适用 于大规模风光储联合发电系统中兆瓦级多类型电池储能电站的电池功率及电池能量管理方 法。
背景技术
国家风光储输示范工程是国家电网公司建设坚强智能电网首批试点工程, 以 "电网友好 型"新能源发电为目标, 以 "先进性、 灵活性、 示范性、 经济性"为特点, 是目前世界上规 模最大、 集风电、 光伏发电、 储能及输电工程四位一体的可再生能源综合示范工程。 其中, 国家风光储输示范工程(一期)拟建设风电 100丽、 光伏发电 40丽和储能装置 20MW (包含 14MW 磷酸铁锂电池储能系统、 2MW全钒液流电池储能系统、 4MW钠硫电池储能系统)。
随着锂电池及其集成技术的不断发展, 应用锂电池储能电站去实现平滑风光功率输出、 跟踪计划发电、 参与系统调频、 削峰填谷、 暂态有功出力紧急响应、 暂态电压紧急支撑等多 种应用, 已成为了一种可行方案。 其中关键问题之一, 是掌握大规模多类型电池储能电站能 量管理技术以及多类型大容量电池储能机组的协调控制方法。
从电池储能的角度来说, 过度的充电和过度的放电都会对电池的寿命造成影响。 因此, 监控好电池荷电状态、 在储能电站内部合理分配好总功率需求, 并将电池的荷电状态控制在 一定范围内是必要的。
多类型储能系统大致可分为功率型储能系统和能量型储能系统。 目前有关基于兆瓦级多 类型电池储能电站的总功率实时控制与能量管理方面的专利、 文献、 技术报告等非常少, 需 要深入研究和探索大规模多类型电池储能电站综合控制和并网运行的核心技术, 解决大规模 多类型电池储能电站协调控制及能量管理的关键问题。现有的大规模电池储能系统 /电站的功 率控制与能量管理方法中,一般不将储能电池的充放电倍率特性计入约束条件进行能量管理, 因此, 有时会存在不能充分发挥不同类型储能系统的互补特性优势, 影响电池使用寿命等弊 发明内容
针对上述问题, 本发明的目的在于公开一种考虑储能电池充放电倍率的多类型电池储能 电站能量管理方法, 该方法在实时分配储能电站的总功率需求的同时, 具备可以优化不同类
型储能系统工作效率的功能, 以实现延长储能电池使用寿命的控制目的。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种考虑充放电倍率的多类型电池储能电站能量管理方法, 其包括以下步骤: 步骤 1 ) 实时读取电池储能电站总功率需求值以及各电池储能机组的可控状态值 (当电 池储能机组可控时, 可控状态值为 1 ; 当电池储能机组不可控时, 可控状态值为 0)、 电池额 定容量、 荷电状态值、 最大允许放电功率和最大允许充电功率;
步骤 2) 根据电池储能电站总功率需求值来判断各电池储能电站的状态, 并进一步计算 出各电池储能机组的充电或放电倍率特征值;
步骤 3) 基于各电池储能机组的充电或放电倍率特征值, 计算各电池储能机组的初始功 率命令值;
步骤 4) 实时判断各电池储能机组的初始功率命令值是否超过该机组的最大允许充电或 放电功率, 若超过, 则对各电池储能机组初始功率命令值进行在线修正和再计算; 否则, 将 该电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设置为其功率命令值;
步骤 5) 对各电池储能机组的功率命令值汇总后输出至电池储能电站, 以实现对电池储 能电站的实时功率控制及能量管理。
进一步地, 所述步骤 2) 具体包括:
当电池储能电站总功率需求为正值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于放电状态, 则各电池 储能机组的放电倍率特征值为相应电池储能机组的最大允许放电功率值与该机组的电池额定 容量的比值;
当电池储能电站总功率需求为负值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于充电状态, 则各电池 储能机组的充电倍率特征值为相应电池储能机组的最大允许充电功率值与该机组的电池额定 容量的比值;
当电池储能电站总功率需求为零时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于零功率状态, 则直接将 所有电池储能机组的功率命令值设置为零。
其中, 所述可控电池储能机组的最大允许放电功率值等于电池储能机组的可控状态值与 最大允许放电功率的乘积; 所述可控电池储能机组的最大允许充电功率值等于电池储能机组 的可控状态值与最大允许充电功率的乘积。
进一步地, 所述步骤 3) 具体包括:
A)当电池储能电站总功率需求为正值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于放电状态, 则各电 池储能机组的初始功率命令值为相应储能机组的荷电状态值与放电倍率特征值的乘积占当前
所有可控储能机组荷电状态值与放电倍率特征值的乘积总和的比例值、 再乘以电池储能电站 总功率需求;
B)当电池储能电站总功率需求为负值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于充电状态, 则各电 池储能机组的初始功率命令值为相应可控储能机组的放电状态值与充电倍率特征值的乘积占 当前所有可控储能机组荷电状态值与充电倍率特征值的乘积总和的比例值、 再乘以电池储能 电站总功率需求;
C)当电池储能电站总功率需求值为零时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于零功率状态, 直接 将所有储能机组的功率命令值设置为 0。
其中, 所述可控储能机组的荷电状态值等于电池储能机组的可控状态值与荷电状态值的 乘积; 所述可控储能机组的放电状态值等于电池储能机组的可控状态值与放电状态值。
进一步地, 所述步骤 4) 中对各电池储能机组初始功率命令值进行在线修正和再计算的 方法包括如下步骤:
4A) 初始化计数器 (即计数器 =0) , 若有任一可控储能机组的初始功率命令值超过该可 控储能机组的最大允许放电或充电功率时, 令计数器加 1后, 执行步骤 4B; 否则, 跳转至步 骤 4E;
4B) 通过贪婪算法从被计数器计数的各电池储能机组中选出满足判断条件的电池储能 机组;
4C) 将相应储能机组的功率命令值设置为该机组的最大允许放电或充电功率值;
4D) 重新计算未被计数器计数的各电池储能机组的功率命令值后返回步骤 4A:
4E) 将所有电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设置为其功率命令值。
其中, 可控电池储能机组的初始功率命令值等于电池储能机组的可控状态值与初始功率 命令值的乘积, 所述可控储能机组的最大允许放电功率等于电池储能机组的可控状态值与最 大允许放电功率的乘积, 所述可控储能机组的最大允许充电功率等于电池储能机组的可控状 态值与最大允许充电功率的乘积。
进一步地, 所述步骤 4B的具体方法为:
判断条件 J1 :在可控状态值为 1的电池储能机组中,选出当前最大允许放电或充电功率 的绝对值最大的电池储能机组 k, 若只有一个电池储能机组满足条件, 则跳转至步骤 4C; 否则, 继续执行判断条件 J2;
判断条件 J2: 从满足判断条件 J1的储能机组中选取荷电状态值最大 (当电池储能电 站总功率需求为正值时) 或荷电状态最小 (当电池储能电站总功率需求为负值时) 的储能
机组 k, 若只有一个电池储能机组满足条件, 则跳转至步骤 4C; 否则, 继续执行判断条 件 J3;
判断条件 J3: 从同时满足判断条件 J1和 J2的电池储能机组中选取放电或充电倍率 特征值最大的电池储能机组 k。
进一步地, 所述未被计数器计数的余下各电池储能机组的功率命令值为:
余下各可控储能机组最大允许放电 (或充电) 功率占当前所有未被计数器计数的可控电 池储能机组最大允许放电 (或充电) 功率总和的比例值、 再乘以当前电池储能电站总功率需 求与所有被计数器计数的电池储能机组最大允许放电 (或充电) 功率总和的差值。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供一种兆瓦级多类型电池 (含功率型储能电池和能量型储能电池) 储能电站实 时功率控制方法,具有可兼顾不同类型储能系统的充放电倍率特性、荷电状态, 从而可延长储 能电池使用寿命的优点, 该方法主要是结合可表示电池储能机组实时功率特性的允许充放电 能力 (即, 各电池储能机组最大允许放电功率, 各电池储能机组最大允许充电功率等)、 可表 示电池储能机组存储能量特性的荷电状态 SOC、 以及可表示储能电池工作能力特性的倍率特 征值(即, 各电池储能机组的放电倍率特征值, 各电池储能机组的充电倍率特征值等), 并应 用贪婪算法对各储能机组的初始充放电功率值进行实时修正, 实现了对多类型电池储能电站 总功率需求的实时优化分配的同时, 还实现了兆瓦级多类型电池储能电站的能量管理及实时 控制。
附图说明
图 1是兆瓦级锂离子电池储能电站实施例的系统示意图;
图 2是本发明中多类型储能电站的协调控制及能量管理方法的流程图;
具体实》式
本发明的控制方法可以应用于多类型锂电池储能电站或含锂电池、液流电池、超级电容、 钠硫电池等储能系统的多类型储能电站的协调控制与能量管理中,下面以多类型锂电池为例、 结合附图对本发明的控制方法作进一步的详细说明。
如图 1所示, 锂电池储能电站中包括双向变流器和多个锂电池储能机组, 通过双向变流 器可执行对锂电池储能机组的启停控制及充放电功率指令等。
如图 2所示为多类型储能电站的协调控制及能量管理方法流程图,其具体包含下列步骤: 步骤 1 ), 从储能电站监控系统实时读取电池储能电站总功率需求值 Ρ 3ίί以及各电池储 能机组的可控状态值 1¾、 电池额定容量 Cibat、 荷电状态值 SOCi、 放电状态值 SOD^ 最大允许
放电功率 Pi Ai ¾和最大允许充电功率 Pi»^^ 。 步骤 2), 当电池储能电站总功率需求为正值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于放电状态, 则根据各储能机组的电池额定容量 Cibat和最大允许放电功率
(1) 求取各 电池储能机组的放电倍率特征值 (单位: 1/小时) :
当电池储能电站总功率需求为负值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于充电状态, 则根据各 储能机组的电池额定容量 Cibat和最大允许充电功率 P产 ^^通过下式 (2) 求取各电池储能 机组的充电倍率特征值 :
步骤 3), 先判断当前电池储能电站的状态, 然后再根据各电池储能机组的运行状态, 实 时计算各电池储能机组的初始功率命令值:
1)当锂电池储能电站总功率需求 P 1 ^为正值时, 表示该储能电站将处于放电状态, 则 通过下式 (3)计算各储能机组的初始功率命令值 :
" = ¾ (3)
Z (UiSOCiDRj
i = l
SOD =l-SOCi (5)
3)当电池储能电站当前总功率需求值? ¾ 为零时,表示该电池储能电站将处于零功率 状态, 直接将所有电池储能机组的功率命令值设置为 0。
上述公式 (1 ) - ( 5 ) 中, 1¾为 i号电池储能机组的可控状态值, 该状态通过步骤 (1 ) 读取, 当该电池储能机组可控时, 此状态值为 1, 其他值为 0; SOCi为 号电池储能机组的 荷电状态值; SOD为 号电池储能机组的放电状态值; 为 号电池储能机组的放电倍率 特征值; CR^ i 号电池储能机组的充电倍率特征值; L 为锂电池储能机组的总个数; p*^Am为 i号锂电池储能机组的最大允许放电功率; ρ»^^为 i号锂电池储能机组的最 大允许充电功率。 步骤 4),实时判断各电池储能机组的初始功率命令值是否超过该机组的最大允许充电 (或 放电) 功率, 若超过, 则对各电池储能机组初始功率命令值进行在线修正和再计算; 否则, 将该电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设置为其功率命令值, 具体步骤如下:
A、 当锂电池储能电站总功率需求 P 5ii为正值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于放电状 态。先令计数器 N=0,然后基于下面步骤 A1至步骤 A5,确定各电池储能机组的功率命令值: A1 ) 通过下式 (6 ) 判断各电池储能机组的功率命令值是否越限:
u,P > ,大麗电 .=i l) (6) 当有任何一个电池储能机组 i的初始功率命令值 PiW 满足上式 (6)时, 令 N=N+1后, 执 行步骤 A2; 否则, 跳转至步骤 A5;
A2)通过贪婪算法从被计数器计数的各电池储能机组中挑选满足下述判断条的储能机 组 k, 具体实施方法如下:
首先, 在可控状态值 A为 1的各电池储能机组中, 选出当前最大允许放电功率的绝对值 最大的电池储能机组 k (设为判断条件 J11 ); 若只有一个电池储能机组满足判断条件 J11 , 则跳转至步骤 A3; 否则继续执行判断条件 J12;
其次,如果仍有若干个电池储能机组同时满足判断条件 J11时,从满足条件的储能机组 中选取荷电状态值(SOCj )最大的储能机组 k (设为判断条件 J12 ) ; 若只有一个电池储能 机组同时满足判断条件 Jl l、 J12, 则跳转至步骤 A3; 否则继续执行判断条件 J13;
最后, 如果仍有若干个电池储能机组同时满足判断条件 J11和判断条件 AJ12时, 从满 足上述判断条件 J1 1和 J12的电池储能机组中选取放电倍率特征值最大的电池储能机组 k (设为判断条件 Π3 ) ;
A3) 将相应储能机组 k的功率命令值 Pk如下式 (7)进行限制 p = p最大允许放电
(7)
A4) 基于下式 (8), 重新计算余下未被计数器计数的 (L-N) 个锂电池储能机组的功率命 令值 后返回至步骤 A1: 最大允许放电
p总需求
f锂 (8) 最大允许放电
A5) 将所有电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设为其功率命令值。
B、 当锂电池储能电站总功率需求 P 1 ^为负值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于充电状 态。先令计数器 M=0,然后基于下面步骤 B1至步骤 B5,确定各电池储能机组的功率命令值:
B1) 通过下式判断各电池储能机组的功率命令值是否越限:
初始 > 最大允许充电
P P; (9) 当有任何一个电池储机组 i的初始功率命令值 I ^满足上式 (9)时, 令^1=^1+1后, 执行 步骤 B2; 否则, 跳转至步骤 B5;
B2)通过贪婪算法从被计数器计数的各电池储能机组中挑选满足下述判断条的储能机 组 k, 首先, 在可控状态值 A为 1的各电池储能机组中, 选出当前最大允许充电功率的绝对值 最大的电池储能机组 k (设为判断条件 J21); 若只有一个电池储能机组满足判断条件 J21, 则跳转至步骤 B3; 否则继续执行判断条件 J22;
其次,如果仍有若干个电池储能机组同时满足判断条件 J21时,从满足条件的储能机组 中选取荷电状态值最小的储能机组 k (设为判断条件 J22) ; 若只有一个电池储能机组同 时满足判断条件 J21、 J22, 则跳转至步骤 A23; 否则继续执行判断条件 J23;
最后, 如果仍有若干个电池储能机组同时满足判断条件 J21和判断条件 AJ22时, 从满 足上述判断条件 J21和 J22的电池储能机组中选取充电倍率特征值最大的电池储能机组 k (设为判断条件 J23) ;
B3) 将相应储能机组 k的功率命令值 Pk如下式 (10)进行限制:
最大允许充电
P; = P;
B5) 将所有电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设为其功率命令值。 步骤 5), 对各电池储能机组的功率命令值汇总后输出至电池储能电站, 以实现对电池储 能电站的实时功率控制及能量管理。
式 (6)-(11)中, L为锂电池储能机组的总个数, N和 M分别为违反最大允许放电功率和最 大允许充电功率约束条件的锂电池储能机组的个数。
采用上述技术方案, 本发明具有结合不同类型电池储能机组的充放电倍率特性以及储能 系统最大允许工作能力的特性,进行多类型电池储能电站的能量管理与功率协调控制的功能, 从而延长储能电池使用寿命。
如果只是根据电池储能电站总功率需求、 各电池储能机组荷电状态值 (SOC) 以及电池 储能机组的最大允许充、 放电功率 (深度) 直接计算电池储能电站中各电池储能机组的功率 命令值, 则可能出现不能很好兼顾不同类型储能电池的充放电倍率特性, 从而限制不同类型 电池储能系统的互补优势, 并会存在不能有效充分利用充放电倍率特性较好的电池储能机组 的弊端。 正由于本发明增加了 "考虑不同类型储能电池的充放电倍率特性, 首先计算各电 池储能机组的充放电倍率特征值, 并有效将可表示储能电池工作能力特性的倍率特征值(即, 各电池储能机组的放电倍率特征值, 各电池储能机组的充电倍率特征值等约束条件) 考虑进 储能机组功率命令值的计算方法里和电池储能电站能量管理系统中"等步骤, 所以不仅克服 了上述弊端, 还对电池储能电站中多类型电池储能机组间的能量分配产生了更好的效果, 更 有利于延长储能电池的使用寿命, 延缓储能电池老化速度。
最后应该说明的是: 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制, 结合上述 实施例对本发明进行了详细说明, 所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解到: 本领域技术人员依 然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换, 但这些修改或变更均在申请待批的 权利要求保护范围之中。
Claims
1、 一种考虑充放电倍率的多类型电池储能电站能量管理方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步 骤:
步骤 1 ) 实时读取电池储能电站总功率需求值以及各电池储能机组的可控状态值、 电池 额定容量、 荷电状态值、 放电状态值、 最大允许放电功率和最大允许充电功率;
步骤 2) 根据电池储能电站总功率需求值来判断各电池储能电站的状态, 并进一步计算 出各电池储能机组的充电或放电倍率特征值;
步骤 3) 基于各电池储能机组的充电或放电倍率特征值, 计算各电池储能机组的初始功 率命令值;
步骤 4) 实时判断各电池储能机组的初始功率命令值是否超过该机组的最大允许充电或 放电功率, 若超过, 则对各电池储能机组初始功率命令值进行在线修正和再计算; 否则, 将 该电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设置为其功率命令值;
步骤 5) 对各电池储能机组的功率命令值汇总后输出至电池储能电站, 以实现对电池储 能电站的实时功率控制及能量管理。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的能量管理方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 2) 具体包括: 当电池储能电站总功率需求为正值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于放电状态, 则各电池 储能机组的放电倍率特征值为相应电池储能机组的最大允许放电功率与该机组的电池额定容 量的比值;
当电池储能电站总功率需求为负值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于充电状态, 则各电池 储能机组的充电倍率特征值为相应电池储能机组的最大允许充电功率与该机组的电池额定容 量的比值;
当电池储能电站总功率需求为零时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于零功率状态, 则直接将 所有电池储能机组的功率命令值设置为零。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 3) 具体包括:
A)当电池储能电站总功率需求为正值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于放电状态, 则各电 池储能机组的初始功率命令值为相应可控储能机组的荷电状态值与放电倍率特征值的乘积占 当前所有可控储能机组的荷电状态值与放电倍率特征值的乘积总和的比例值、 再乘以电池储 能电站总功率需求;
B)当电池储能电站总功率需求为负值时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于充电状态, 则各电 池储能机组的初始功率命令值为相应可控储能机组的放电状态值与充电倍率特征值的乘积占
当前所有可控储能机组荷电状态值与充电倍率特征值的乘积总和的比例值、 再乘以电池储能 电站总功率需求;
C)当电池储能电站总功率需求值为零时, 表示该电池储能电站将处于零功率状态, 直接 将所有储能机组的功率命令值设置为 0。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 4) 中对各电池储能机组初始 功率命令值进行在线修正和再计算的方法包括如下步骤:
4A) 初始化计数器, 若有任一可控储能机组的初始功率命令值超过该可控储能机组的最 大允许放电或充电功率时, 令计数器加 1后, 执行步骤 4B; 否则, 跳转至步骤 4E;
4B) 通过贪婪算法从被计数器计数的各电池储能机组中选出满足判断条件的电池储能 机组;
4C) 将相应储能机组的功率命令值设置为该机组的最大允许放电或充电功率值;
4D) 重新计算未被计数器计数的各电池储能机组的功率命令值后返回步骤 4A:
4E) 将所有电池储能机组的初始功率命令值设置为其功率命令值。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 4B的具体方法为: 判断条件 J1 :在可控状态值为 1的电池储能机组中,选出当前最大允许放电或充电功率 的绝对值最大的电池储能机组 k, 若只有一个电池储能机组满足条件, 则跳转至步骤 4C; 否则, 继续执行判断条件 J2;
判断条件 J2: 当电池储能电站总功率需求值为正值时,从满足判断条件 J1的储能机组 中选取荷电状态值最大的储能机组 k, 当电池储能电站总功率需求值为负值时, 从满足判 断条件 J1 的储能机组中选取荷电状态最小的储能机组 k; 若只有一个电池储能机组满 足条件, 则跳转至步骤 4C; 否则, 继续执行判断条件 J3 ;
判断条件 J3: 从同时满足判断条件 J1和 J2的电池储能机组中选取放电或充电倍率 特征值最大的电池储能机组 k。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 4D中未被计数器计数的余下 各电池储能机组的功率命令值通过下述方法求取:
余下各可控储能机组最大允许放电 (或充电) 功率占当前所有未被计数器计数的可控电 池储能机组最大允许放电 (或充电) 功率总和的比例值、 再乘以当前电池储能电站总功率需 求与所有被计数器计数的电池储能机组最大允许放电 (或充电) 功率总和的差值。
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