WO2015011828A1

WO2015011828A1 - Carbide production kiln

Info

Publication number: WO2015011828A1
Application number: PCT/JP2013/070306
Authority: WO
Inventors: 明男山本
Original assignee: 有限会社山本粉炭工業
Priority date: 2013-07-26
Filing date: 2013-07-26
Publication date: 2015-01-29
Also published as: JP5560383B1; JPWO2015011828A1; US10088150B2; US20160160125A1

Abstract

[Problem] To enable a carbide production kiln to be maintained in a simple manner when an exposed surface on a side wall of the kiln is cracked, to prevent the kiln from being cracked greatly by heat to thereby prolong the life of the kiln, and to increase heat retention efficiency to thereby increase carbonization efficiency even at a cold temperature, e.g., in winter. [Solution] The carbide production kiln is formed by stacking cubic concrete blocks each having no reinforcing iron so that the combination of up to six faces of the cubic concrete blocks with one another becomes possible, wherein a heat storage/maintenance member (7) such as a stone is filled in an exhaust space (S) formed between a kiln floor iron plate (5) and a kiln bottom (4) so as to store heat, thereby preventing the decrease in carbonization efficiency even at a cold temperature.

Description

Carbide generation kiln

The present invention relates to a technical field of a carbide generating kiln capable of continuously producing a large amount of carbide in a single carbonization operation process.

Generally, charcoal such as charcoal and bamboo charcoal, bamboo charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, and circling empty botanical charcoal obtained by carbonizing various plants such as wood, bamboo, coconut husk, and coconut empty bunch have a porous structure and exhibit an excellent adsorption function. In addition to fuel, it is widely used not only in the consumer field, but also in various industrial fields, such as a hygroscopic material, a deodorizing material, a water quality improving material, and an adsorbing material. For this reason, there is a demand for a high-quality carbide having a constant adsorption function. By the way, as a manufacturing method of such a carbide, conventionally, a method in which a carbide generating kiln is made mobile is known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, because of the mobile type, the capacity of the carbide generating kiln is small once. There is a problem that a large amount of carbide cannot be generated. Thus, there is known a carbide generation kiln that generates a large amount of carbide at a time (see Patent Documents 3 and 4).
By the way, any of these is a closed type of carbide generation process, so not only a mouth and a ceiling lid are required, but when the volume of raw materials is reduced due to the generation of carbide, a new one is added to the volume reduction. However, it is practically impossible to supply raw materials, and only the raw materials initially charged can be carbonized, and there is still a problem in terms of producing a large amount of carbides.
Therefore, the inventor of the present invention developed an open-type carbide generation kiln, and proposed a new material that can be added to the volume when the volume of the raw material is reduced as the carbide is generated ( (See Patent Document 5).

JP 2000-319675 A JP 2000-44963 A JP 2004-238460 A JP 2004-307702 A Japanese Patent No. 5117548

And since the thing of patent document 5 is an open type without a ceiling, a raw material can be newly injected with the volume reduction of a raw material, and a large amount of carbide | carbonized_material was able to be produced | generated by one carbide production | generation process. . By the way, this thing is based on the premise that operations such as raw material input and leveling are performed using work traveling machines such as dump trucks, wheel loaders, hydraulic excavators, etc., so the walls forming the periphery of the kiln are made of concrete. An iron plate that is fixedly formed and has a vent hole in the bottom of the kiln is laid in an exhaust space from the surface of the kiln floor, and the exhaust gas (smoke) generated by carbonization is passed through the exhaust space of the kiln. It was going to be discharged from a smoke tower placed in the corner.
By the way, in this case, the peripheral wall may be damaged due to the working wall hitting the peripheral wall, and if the reinforcing bar is put in a part of the concrete constituting the peripheral wall, Since the expansion coefficient is different, the peripheral wall may be damaged by the heat generated during carbide formation, but it may be damaged, but repairing the peripheral wall in this way is practically difficult and the life of the kiln is shortened. There is.
Furthermore, in this product, the exhaust space between the iron plate at the bottom of the kiln and the floor of the kiln is hollowed out, so the carbonization inside the kiln is difficult in winter, when the morning and evening are cold, or when it is raining or snowing. There is a problem that the temperature decreases and the carbonization rate decreases, and these problems have a problem to be solved by the present invention.

The present invention was created in view of the above-described circumstances in order to solve these problems, and the invention of claim 1 includes an open ceiling surface, and a quadrilateral four-side wall. An exhaust space through which exhaust gas discharged by carbonization of the carbonized raw material formed between the iron plate with the vent hole laid as the kiln bottom in a state surrounded by the side wall and the kiln floor surface, A combustion device that communicates with the exhaust space and combusts exhaust gas; a first stage that communicates with at least one of the side walls, and is capable of running a working traveling machine at the same height as the upper surface of the side wall; A carbide generation kiln comprising: a second stage which is connected to at least one of the side walls of the machine and has a second stage set to a height at which the carbide generated by the work traveling machine entering the bottom iron plate can be removed by removing the block. In The moisture content of the carbonized raw material put into the generating kiln is made into a raw wood state, the outside air is blocked by a water vapor film generated as the carbonization of the carbonized raw material is promoted, and the upper surface of the carbonized raw material put into the generating kiln The carbonization is promoted in a state where the outside air blocking surface is pressed and the carbonization raw material is newly added to bring the moisture content to a fresh wood state in accordance with the volume reduction accompanying the carbonization promotion. Then, in configuring so that a large amount of carbide can be generated in a single carbide generating step, the side wall is formed by stacking a plurality of blocks formed of cubic shaped concrete without reinforcing bars, vertically and horizontally, The exposed surface of the side wall of the kiln is configured to be changeable by recombination of the block surface, and the heat storage holding member is filled in the exhaust space between the iron plate of the kiln floor and the bottom of the kiln so that it can be ventilated. Is a carbide-forming kiln characterized and.
In the invention of claim 2, a plurality of generation kilns are provided adjacent to each other via partition side walls, and the partition side walls partitioning the adjacent generation kilns are arranged so that the blocks are arranged in the width direction so that the work traveling machine can travel. The carbide generating kiln according to claim 1, wherein the carbide generating kiln is configured to be stacked in a plurality of rows to be wide.
The invention according to claim 3 is the carbide generating kiln according to claim 2, characterized in that the combustion device and the exhaust space are connected in communication via an air passage provided with an openable openable open / close plate.
The invention of claim 4. The carbide generating furnace according to claim 3, wherein the combustion device is provided on a partition side wall.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the combustion device is provided at a position facing a partitioning side wall of at least one of the plurality of generation kilns, and the exhaust space of the generation kiln without the combustion device and the combustion device are partitioned. 4. The carbide generating kiln according to claim 3, wherein the carbide generating kiln is connected to the side wall through a vent passage provided with an openable / closable opening / closing plate.

By injecting a carbonized raw material having a moisture content of a raw wood state from the open ceiling surface side a plurality of times, the upper surface of the carbonized raw material is pressed together with a water vapor film generated during carbonization. A block that has a cubic shape when the exposed surface of the kiln side wall is damaged by running or hitting of a working traveling machine, while blocking the outside air and generating a large amount of carbide in a single carbide generating process. By recombining the surface, up to 6 surfaces can be recombined, and maintenance is excellent, and since the block has no reinforcing bars, it can be prevented from cracking due to the difference in thermal expansion, making it a long-life production kiln. The heat storage and holding member filled in the exhaust space can maintain the temperature in the generation kiln at a high temperature even in cold seasons such as winter or during rainfall. It can be promoted.
By setting it as invention of Claim 2, a larger quantity of carbide | carbonized_material can be continuously produced | generated using the some production | generation kiln adjacent through a partition side wall.
According to the invention of claim 3, outside air does not enter the combustion device through the exhaust space of the generation kiln that is not in the process of carbonization generation, and the exhaust gas from the generation kiln that has been carbonized is efficiently burned. can do.
By setting it as invention of Claim 4, only the waste gas from the production | generation kiln which carbonized and produced | generated can be efficiently burned by a combustion apparatus.
By setting it as invention of Claim 5, the combustion apparatus provided in one production | generation kiln can combust the waste gas generated from the remaining production | generation kilns.

It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a carbide | carbonized_material production | generation kiln. It is a schematic plan view of a carbide generation kiln. It is a top view of the carbide production | generation kiln of 2nd embodiment. It is a principal part perspective view of the carbide | carbonized_material production | generation kiln of 2nd embodiment. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the carbide | carbonized_material production | generation kiln of 2nd embodiment. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the carbide | carbonized_material production | generation kiln of 2nd embodiment. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the carbide production | generation kiln of 3rd embodiment. (A) (B) is a top view of the carbide | carbonized_material production | generation kiln which shows 4th, 5th embodiment. (A) (B) is a top view of the carbide | carbonized_material production | generation kiln which shows 6th, 7th embodiment.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, 1 is a carbide generating kiln, and the generating kiln 1 is a solid concrete block B in which the ceiling surface is open and the four

side walls

2 and 2a do not contain reinforcing bars. Although it is formed by stacking, the block B has a cubic shape having six square faces on the outer periphery. The first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a single generation kiln 1 and a plurality of blocks B are stacked in the height direction, front and rear, left and right directions (in this embodiment, the height is Four

side walls

2 and 2a are formed in a state of three in the direction and a suitable number in the front and rear, right and left directions. The outer surface of at least one of the

side walls

2, 2 a (the outer surface of the three side walls 2 in the present embodiment) has a height that is the same as the upper edge of the side wall 2. Although it is connected to one stage 3, the first stage 3 can move a working machine such as a dump truck, a wheel loader, a hydraulic excavator, etc., and can perform necessary work at the same height as the side wall 2. It has become. Incidentally, the work traveling machine can move to the side wall 2 and perform necessary work.

On the other hand, the outer side surface of the remaining side wall 2a does not have such a tall first stage 3 and is adjacent to a short second stage 3a equivalent to the bottom surface of the generation furnace 1 described later. In the embodiment, the second stage 3a is set to be slightly lower than the uppermost block. And in this 2nd stage 3a, when taking out the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated with the production | generation kiln 1 or when carrying out maintenance (maintenance) of the production | generation kiln 1, the block B of the side wall 2a is removed, an entrance / exit is formed, and it is for the said work from this entrance / exit The traveling machine is operated to enter the generation kiln 1 so that necessary work can be performed in the generation kiln 1.

The bottom surface 4 of the generation furnace 1 has the same height as the bottom surface of the lowermost block B, and supports 5 are arranged in the front, rear, left, and right with a predetermined interval. An iron plate 6 is laid as a kiln floor in which exhaust holes 6a are formed in a state where there is a gap in the front, rear, left and right, and thereby an exhaust space S is formed between the kiln bottom surface 4 and the kiln floor iron plate 5. However, this exhaust space S is filled with a heat storage holding member 7 made of ball-shaped pebbles, bricks, or the like in a breathable state.

A combustion device 8 for combusting exhaust gas (smoke) is provided at one corner of the generation kiln 1. The combustion device 8 combusts the exhaust gas that has passed through the exhaust space S. The combustion device 8 The chimney 9 provided at the upper part of the head is provided with a shutter (shielding plate, shielding plate) 10 for adjusting the air flow (exhaust amount) and shielding (blocking) air. By adjusting the air flow rate with the shutter 10, it is possible to control so that the exhaust gas during the carbonization operation is excessively sucked to prevent the carbonized raw material from being in a combustion state, and the shutter 10 is closed at the time of extinguishing after completion of carbonization. The air flow is cut off.

Next, a carbide generation operation will be described. This operation basically conforms to the description in Patent Document 5. First, the block B constituting the side wall 2a is appropriately removed to open an entrance, and from here, the raw material for carbonization is carried in using a working traveling machine, and spread on the kiln floor iron plate 6 to be uniform, Use the removed block B to close the doorway. In this state, the shutter 10 is fully opened, and the spread carbonized raw material is ignited as a whole by ignition means such as torches. Then, when the carbonized raw material becomes red and flaming, the carbonized raw material is newly spread uniformly on the first stage 3 using a working traveling machine. The initial stage is completed when it is confirmed that the added carbonized raw material has been completely ignited.
Next, the raw material for carbonization is put in the generation furnace 1 in a state where it is uniform in the generation furnace 1 and is piled up and piled up higher than the upper end of the generation furnace 1 by the working traveling machine waiting on the first stage 3. At this time, the moisture content of the carbonized raw material put into the production kiln is kept in a raw wood state, and the moisture content is maintained at about 50% to 60%. When the carbonized material is in a dry state, water is adjusted from above the stacked carbonized material so that the moisture content is adjusted to a raw wood state. Next, using the working traveling machine, the entire upper surface of the carbonized raw material stacked is pressed into an airtight state, forming a barrier layer that hinders the introduction of outside air, and moisture in the state of raw wood that is wet enough to prevent dripping With the film of water vapor generated along with the promotion of carbonization of the carbonized raw material that maintains the rate, the carbonization target location (the lower layer portion of the carbonized raw material) is blocked from the outside air together with the outside air blocking action to promote carbonization.

When the carbonization at the carbonization target location proceeds at a carbonization temperature of about 600 ° C. to 1000 ° C., the carbonized raw material at that location becomes red hot carbide and the volume is reduced. With this volume reduction, the upper surface of the carbonized raw material is lowered. However, if the upper surface of the carbonized raw material is lowered, the airtightness of the barrier layer is loosened and the outside air is introduced, and combustion is promoted. When the shutter 10 is closed to prevent the exhaust gas (smoke), the exhaust gas (smoke) is ejected (discharged) from the place where the airtightness of the blocking layer is loosened, and the ejected part is appropriately pressed to ensure airtightness. The carbonization rate of the carbonized raw material can be controlled by the amount of opening and closing of the shutter 10, and the next charging time of the carbonized raw material is immediately before the top surface of the already charged carbonized raw material is heated. The raw carbonized material is put into a raw wood state using a working traveling machine and uniformly spread, and the upper surface is pressed to form a blocking layer to promote carbonization. By repeating such a process a plurality of times (in FIG. 1, the state in which three layers have been added and illustrated three times is illustrated), in the generation furnace 1, a state in which carbides are stacked according to the upper layer from the lower layer. Will be generated.
In this way, as the carbide raw material to be input, the one having a moisture content of about 50% to 60% that retains the moisture content in a raw wood state is used, so that a barrier layer is formed and formed by surface compaction of the carbonized raw material. The heating of the kiln 1 further increases the airtightness by the film of water vapor generated while the moisture of the carbide raw material is blown off, thereby improving the outside air blocking efficiency and promoting the generation of carbide.

Then, the carbide of a considerably high height is generated up to almost the upper surface of the generation furnace 1 in the generation furnace 1, and when it is judged as the final finishing stage, the upper surface of the carbide raw material is completely red hot. If it is determined that the red heat is not uniform, the surface of the carbonized raw material is stirred and spread so that there is no remaining uncarbonized raw material, and when the upper surface of the carbonized raw material starts to change from the red hot state to white. Water is sprayed using a water supply means such as a water supply pump and the fire is extinguished. At the time of water spraying, the shutter 10 is fully opened to promote a decrease in internal temperature. When the entire surface turns black, the shutter 10 is fully closed to stop exhaust gas discharge.

After confirming that the surface temperature of the generated carbide has decreased, pressurize and harden the surface of the carbide to form a barrier layer that prevents the introduction of outside air. A barrier layer is formed with the action of blocking the outside air by putting a water vapor film on the upper surface of the substrate, and left as it is for a while. Then, in order to prevent insufficient combustion and recombustion due to insufficient watering or insufficient pressure, the carbides are pressed and compacted sequentially. At the same time, if there are impurities such as stones and metals other than carbide, they are removed. Thereafter, the block B is removed from the second stage 3a to form an entrance / exit, and the carbide in the generation furnace 1 is carried out using a working traveling machine. Prior to this unloading, the shutter is opened in order to discharge the raw gas and water vapor existing in the kiln and at the bottom of the bottom plate to promote the discharge from the chimney and prevent the raw gas from being mixed into the carbide.

In the embodiment of the present invention configured as described, the generation kiln 1 is repeatedly charged with carbonized raw material from the open ceiling surface side in accordance with volume reduction accompanying carbonization of the carbonized raw material in the kiln. Therefore, a large amount of carbide is generated in a single generation process, but the

side walls

2 and 2a of the generation furnace 1 are not integrated with concrete containing reinforcing bars as in the past, Since the regular B hexagonal block B without reinforcing bars is stacked, the block B is damaged by recombination of the block B when the exposed surface in the kiln is damaged due to a collision with a working traveling machine. It is sufficient that the non-exposed surface becomes an exposed surface, so that block B can be recombined up to 6 times, and block B is cracked early due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between iron and concrete. Mau also is to be avoided so that the life of the product kiln 1 can be achieved.

In addition, in this case, since the heat storage holding member 7 is filled in the exhaust space S formed between the kiln floor iron plate 6 and the kiln bottom 4, it is possible to ensure the heat insulation of the generating kiln 1, so that it can be used in winter and morning and evening. When the cooling of the steel is strong, or when it is raining or snowing, it is possible to avoid a temperature drop in the production furnace 1, and smooth carbonization can be promoted.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and a pair of first and second generation kilns 1, as in the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 1a can be provided adjacent. In this case, the partition walls 11 separating the

adjacent generation kilns

1 and 1a are stacked in a plurality of rows (in this embodiment, two rows) so that the work traveling machine can travel and are formed wide. Thus, the necessary work can be stably performed on the partition wall 11 using the work traveling machine.

And in this thing, the 1st production | generation furnace 1 is provided with the combustion apparatus 8, the 2nd production | generation furnace 1a does not have the combustion apparatus 8, and the exhaust space S and the combustion apparatus 8 of the 2nd production | generation furnace 1a are made the most The vent passage 12 provided in the lower end block B is connected to the vent passage 12 and the vent passage 12 can be adjusted to be opened and closed by a shutter 13. And by doing in this way, when the 2nd production | generation kiln 1a is not used, it avoids that external air flows in into the combustion apparatus 8 from the exhaust space S of the 2nd production | generation kiln 1a by closing the shutter 13. FIG. Can be done.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7 can be used. In this structure, the exhaust space S is formed in the shape of a lattice groove 14 in the front, rear, left, and right, and the furnace bottom surface 4a in a portion where the lattice groove 14 is not present is assumed to have a slight gap with respect to the kiln floor iron plate 6 and the heat storage holding function. As a result, a temperature drop in the generation furnace 1 is avoided.

Furthermore, in the present invention, as in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 8 (A), the four

generation furnaces

1, 1a are adjacent to each other in the front-rear and left-right directions, or the fifth embodiment shown in (B). It can be implemented even when the generation kiln 1b on one side is enlarged as in the embodiment, and such a combination is free.

Further, in the present invention, as in the sixth and seventh embodiments shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, it is assumed that the combustion apparatus 8 is provided in the partition wall 11, and all the generation kilns 1a, It is assumed that 1b does not have a combustion device, and the combustion device 8 and the exhaust space of each of the generating

kilns

1a and 1b are connected to each other via an air passage 12 with a shutter 13. By doing so, the introduction of outside air from the

unused generation kilns

1a, 1b to the combustion device 8 can be blocked regardless of which

generation kiln

1a, 1b is not used.

The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing charcoal such as charcoal, bamboo charcoal, coconut husk charcoal, coconut empty batter charcoal obtained by carbonizing various plants such as wood, bamboo, coconut husk, coconut empty bunch, and tea generated during food production. It can be used in the field of manufacturing charcoal of various plants such as straw, coffee lees, food lees, residue generated at the time of cultivation and harvesting of agricultural products, shell materials, sheath materials.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1

Carbide generating furnace

2, 2a Side wall 3 First stage 3a Second stage 4 Kiln bottom 6 Kiln floor iron plate 7 Heat storage holding member 8 Combustion device B block S Exhaust space

Claims

Carbonized raw material formed between an open ceiling surface, a quadrilateral side wall, and an iron plate with a vent hole laid as a kiln bottom in a state of being surrounded by the side wall and the kiln floor surface An exhaust space through which exhaust gas discharged by carbonization passes, a combustion device communicating with the exhaust space and combusting the exhaust gas, and at least one of the side walls, the same height as the upper surface of the side wall With the first stage on which the work traveling machine can travel and at least one of the remaining side walls, it is possible to carry out the carbide generated by the work traveling machine entering the kiln bottom iron plate by removing the block. In a carbide generating kiln having a second stage set to a thickness, the moisture content of the carbonized raw material put into the generating kiln is made into a raw wood state, and a film of water vapor generated with the promotion of carbonization of the carbonized raw material is formed. Yo While blocking the outside air, the carbonization is promoted in a state where the upper surface of the carbonized raw material charged in the generating kiln is pressed to the outside air blocking surface, and the moisture content is newly added in accordance with the volume reduction accompanying the promotion of the carbonization. By repeating the introduction of carbonized raw materials to make a raw wood state, it is possible to produce a large amount of carbide in a single carbide production process. By stacking a plurality of formed blocks vertically and horizontally, the exposed surface of the side wall of the kiln can be changed by recombination of the block surface, and in the exhaust space between the iron plate of the kiln floor and the bottom of the kiln, A carbide generating kiln, wherein the heat storage holding member is filled in a state in which it can be ventilated.
A plurality of generation kilns are provided adjacent to each other via partition side walls, and the partition side walls separating the adjacent generation kilns are configured by stacking blocks in a plurality of rows in the width direction so that the traveling machine for work can travel. The carbide generating kiln according to claim 1, wherein the carbide generating kiln is wide.
The carbide generating kiln according to claim 2, wherein the combustion device and the exhaust space are connected to each other through an air passage provided with an openable opening / closing plate.
The carbide generating kiln according to claim 3, wherein the combustion device is provided on a partition side wall.
The combustion device is provided at a position facing the partition side wall of at least one of the plurality of generation kilns, and the exhaust space of the generation kiln without the combustion device and the combustion device are provided on the partition side walls and can be opened and closed freely. The carbide generating kiln according to claim 3, wherein the carbide generating kiln is connected through an air passage provided with a flexible opening and closing plate.