WO2015010628A1 - 一种解决水锁效应的方法 - Google Patents

一种解决水锁效应的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015010628A1
WO2015010628A1 PCT/CN2014/082885 CN2014082885W WO2015010628A1 WO 2015010628 A1 WO2015010628 A1 WO 2015010628A1 CN 2014082885 W CN2014082885 W CN 2014082885W WO 2015010628 A1 WO2015010628 A1 WO 2015010628A1
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powder
hydrophilic
water
hydrophobic
solving
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French (fr)
Inventor
方海平
李景烨
狄勤丰
徐友生
盛楠
王自强
庄巍
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
Zhejiang Lover Health Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of CAS
Zhejiang Lover Health Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics of CAS
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/52Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of solving the water lock effect. Background technique
  • the presence of foreign phases in porous media can occur in many cases.
  • another immiscible phase infiltrates into the reservoir; or the saturation of the original immiscible phase in the porous medium increases, the relative permeability is impaired, and the reservoir permeability and the relative permeability of the oil and gas are significantly reduced.
  • the immiscible phase is the aqueous phase, this phenomenon is called the water lock effect.
  • the water lock effect can cause water lock damage, which is the damage caused by water immersion in the oil layer during operation of the oil well. After water immersion, the water saturation in the near-well zone will increase, the capillary resistance of the oil-water interface in the rock pores will increase, and the Jiamin effect will cause an additional flow resistance in the formation than in the normal state, which is macroscopically represented as oil well crude oil. The decline in production.
  • surfactants can also be used to some extent to solve the water-locking effect, on the one hand, the cost of the surfactant is higher; on the other hand, because the surfactant is liquid, it cannot be adsorbed or retained on the rock surface. The water lock damage can only be temporarily removed. If the foreign water invades again, it is necessary to take measures again, resulting in high cost of use and cumbersome operation.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the water lock effect which is easy to generate in the oil and gas exploitation process, and the existing method for releasing the water lock effect has high cost and inhibits the durability caused by the water lock effect, and provides the defect.
  • the method for solving the water lock effect of the invention is simple and easy, can solve the water lock effect well, has a wide range of raw materials, low cost, and can continuously suppress the water lock effect.
  • the technical solution provided by the invention is: a method for solving the water lock effect, which is to add a functional powder to the channel for generating a water lock to eliminate the water lock;
  • the functional powder is an amphiphilic powder or a mixed powder composed of a super-hydrophilic powder and a hydrophobic powder;
  • the amphiphilic powder is a powder having a surface contact angle with water of between 5° and 90°, and the super-parent
  • the water-type powder is a powder having a surface contact angle with water of ⁇ 5°
  • the hydrophobic powder is a powder having a surface contact angle with water of >90°.
  • the functional powder preferably has a particle density of > lg/cm 3 , more preferably > 2 g/cm 3 .
  • the functional powder preferably has an average particle diameter of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, more preferably ⁇ 75 ⁇ m.
  • the water lock effect is a water lock effect conventionally described in oil and gas production.
  • the amount of the functional powder added is determined according to actual operation requirements. In general, it is preferred to add 10 mg to 30 mg of powder to a channel having an inner diameter of 1 cm, that is, the amount of the functional powder added is 10 to 30 m g /cm of the inner diameter of the hole, and the water lock can be released in a divided manner.
  • the powder of the invention can be put into the powder at the port of the hole for generating the water lock, or the powder can be added to the drilling fluid in the drilling engineering, and the operation can be achieved with the entry into the tunnel. The purpose of lifting the water lock effect.
  • the super-hydrophilic powder and the hydrophobic powder preferably have a mass of 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 30:70 to 70. :30.
  • the super-hydrophilic powder is conventionally described in the art, preferably a super-hydrophilic metal oxide powder and/or a super-hydrophilic silicate powder;
  • the super-hydrophilic metal oxide powder The body is preferably selected from the group consisting of silica powder, magnesium oxide powder, copper oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, iron oxide powder, manganese oxide powder, and pentoxide One or more of vanadium powder, tin oxide powder, chromium oxide powder and cerium oxide powder;
  • the super hydrophilic silicate powder is preferably selected from quartz powder and diatomaceous earth One or more of powder, talc powder, mica powder, kaolinite powder and vermiculite powder.
  • the hydrophobic powder is conventionally described in the art, preferably a hydrophobic polymer powder and/or a hydrophobic inorganic mineral powder; and the hydrophobic polymer powder is preferably selected from polyvinylidene chloride. Powder, polystyrene powder, polyvinylidene fluoride powder, polyvinyl chloride powder, polyvinyl fluoride powder, polytetrafluoroethylene powder, polytrifluoro-vinyl chloride powder, polyterephthalic acid One or more of the ethylene glycol ester powder and the polyacrylonitrile powder; the hydrophobic inorganic mineral powder is preferably graphite powder and/or silicon carbide powder.
  • the amphiphilic powder is a hydrophobically modified super-hydrophilic powder or a hydrophilically modified hydrophobic powder; the hydrophobically modified super-hydrophilic powder is compared
  • one or more selected from the group consisting of the hydrophobically modified superhydrophilic metal oxide powder and the hydrophobically modified superhydrophilic silicate powder are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic Modified silica powder, magnesium oxide powder, copper oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, iron oxide powder, manganese oxide powder, vanadium pentoxide powder
  • hydrophobic Modified silica powder magnesium oxide powder, copper oxide powder, zinc oxide powder, alumina powder, titanium oxide powder, iron oxide powder, manganese oxide powder, vanadium pentoxide powder
  • hydrophilically modified polyvinylidene chloride powder polyvinylidene fluoride powder, polyvinyl chloride powder, and polyfluoroethylene
  • olefin powder a polytetrafluoroethylene powder
  • polytrifluoro-vinyl chloride powder a polyethylene terephthalate powder
  • polyacrylonitrile powder a graphite powder
  • silicon carbide powder Several.
  • the hydrophobic modification is conventionally described in the art, that is, introducing a hydrophobic group on the super-hydrophilic powder to make the modified powder
  • the contact angle of the surface with water may be between 5° and 90°
  • the hydrophilic modification is conventionally described in the art, that is, introducing a hydrophilic group on the hydrophobic powder to make the modified
  • the contact angle of the surface of the powder with water may be between 5° and 90°.
  • the reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the functional powder of the present invention can lower the liquid-phase interfacial tension, and since the functional powder of the present invention is a small-particle solid state, it is liable to stay in fine pores or cracks in the rock surface. , has a strong persistence to inhibit water lock damage.
  • the acidification method can enlarge the crack and the pore throat size of the base block, reduce the capillary pressure, and promote the rapid return of water
  • the acidification method is promoted in the application due to the poor solubility of the sandstone and the difficulty in increasing the size of the circulation passage.
  • the effect of the return row is not ideal.
  • the acid is not properly selected, the water lock hazard problem can be further aggravated.
  • the back-discharging effect of the present invention is greatly improved compared with the acidification method, and the water-locking effect can be effectively solved, thereby greatly improving the productivity of the oil well.
  • Hydrophobic polyvinylidene chloride powder brand: 506 purchased from Dow Chemical Company of the United States; super-hydrophilic diatomaceous earth powder (Model: CD06) purchased from Cangzhou Huali Diatomite Products Co., Ltd.;
  • Hydrophobic silicon carbide powder (particle size range: 12#-90#) purchased from Shanghai Shangmao Grinding Mill Co., Ltd.;
  • Super-hydrophilic alumina powder (Model: DK410-2) purchased from Beijing Dekedao Gold Co., Ltd.; hydrophobic graphite powder (Product No.: 20019128) purchased from Sinopharm Group Reagent Co., Ltd.; super-hydrophilic quartz powder Body (particle size: 100-150 mesh) purchased from Shanghai Jinyu Quartz Sand Co., Ltd.; hydrophobic polyvinyl fluoride powder (brand: 6010/0001) purchased from Medica Trading Co., Ltd.; super-hydrophilic zinc oxide powder ( Model: ZHZn-01 ) purchased from Wuxi Zehui Chemical Co., Ltd.; hydrophobic PTFE powder (Cat. No.: P110094) purchased from Aladdin;
  • Hydrophobically modified 02 powder (Model: VK-TA18S) was purchased from Hangzhou Wanjing New Materials Co., Ltd.;
  • Hydrophilic modified polystyrene powder (brand: JNS-PC01-180) was purchased from Nanjing Jinnaisi New Materials Co., Ltd.
  • Step 1 Laboratory simulation of water lock effect
  • the special piping system consists of two or more identical U-shaped transparent pipes with an inner diameter of 4 mm.
  • the ports on one side of the U-shaped pipe are directly connected to the atmosphere; the ports on the other side are connected in parallel, and the external gas path is connected.
  • the same air pressure can be generated in each U-shaped pipe when entering.
  • the water lock effect is generated.
  • Step 3 Persistence evaluation of water lock damage
  • the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • the contact angle of Ti0 2 is close to 0°, the density is 3.9 ⁇ 4.2g/cm 3 , and the average particle size is 25nm; the contact angle of polyvinylidene chloride is 120°, the density is 1.961g/cm 3 , and the average particle size is 24. -34 ⁇ .
  • the water-locking effect can be solved after adding super-hydrophilic and hydrophobic mixed powders, and it has strong persistence to inhibit water lock damage.
  • Example 2 Adding a mixed powder of super-hydrophilic diatomaceous earth/hydrophobic silicon carbide to solve the water-locking effect Adding 10 mg of super-hydrophilic diatomaceous earth having a mass ratio of 70:30: a mixed powder of hydrophobic silicon carbide
  • the water lock effect when the water is added to the pipe for the 20th time, the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • the contact angle of the diatomaceous earth powder is close to 0°, the density is 2.2g/cm 3 , the average particle size is 45 ⁇ , the contact angle of the silicon carbide powder is 110°, the density is 3.06 ⁇ 3.20g/cm 3 , and the average particle size is 63 ⁇ 75 ⁇ .
  • Example 3 Adding Mixed Powder of Superhydrophilic Alumina/Hydrophobic Graphite Powder to Solve Water Locking Effect Adding 10m g of super-hydrophilic alumina with a mass ratio of 50:50: hydrophobic graphite powder mixed powder to produce In the pipeline after the water lock effect, it is observed that the water in the pipeline is returned to the outside of the pipeline, the gas passage is opened, and the water lock effect is released.
  • the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • the alumina contact angle is close to 0°, the density is 3.965 g/cm 3 , the average particle diameter is 10 to 20 nm, the graphite powder has a contact angle of 100°, the density is 2.4 g/cm 3 , and the average particle diameter is 30 ⁇ m.
  • the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • the contact angle of the quartz powder is close to 0°, the density is 2.3 ⁇ 2.6g/cm 3 , and the average particle size is ⁇ .
  • the polyvinyl fluoride has a contact angle of 130°, a density of 1.17 to 1.79 g/cm 3 , and an average particle diameter of 2 to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • the contact angle of zinc oxide is close to 0°, the density is 5.6 g/cm 3 , the average particle diameter is 30 nm, the contact angle of polytetrafluoroethylene is 130°, the density is 2.0 g/cm 3 , and the average particle diameter is 5 ⁇ m.
  • the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • a contact angle of 102 hydrophobically modified powder was 80 °, density 3.0 ⁇ 3.9 g / cm 3, an average particle diameter of 30-50nm.
  • Example 7 Adding Hydrophilic Modified Polystyrene Powder to Solve Water Locking Effect 10m g of hydrophilic modified polystyrene powder was added to the pipeline after the water lock effect, and the water in the pipeline was observed to be discharged to the outside of the pipeline, the gas passage was opened, and the water lock effect was released.
  • the water lock effect does not occur, that is, the number of times the water lock damage is suppressed is 20 or more.
  • the hydrophilic modified polystyrene powder has a contact angle of 15°, a density of 1.04 to 1.06 g /cm 3 and an average particle diameter of 180 nm.
  • Example 2 All conditions and operations were the same as in Example 1 except that the mixed powder of 10 mg Ti0 2 /hydrophobic polyvinylidene chloride was replaced with 10 mg of methanol. It was observed that the water in the pipeline was discharged back to the outside of the pipeline, the gas passage was opened, and the water lock effect was released, but the number of times the methanol suppressed the water lock was 0 times.
  • Example 1 All conditions and operations were the same as in Example 1 except that the mixed powder of 10 mg Ti0 2 /hydrophobic polyvinylidene chloride was replaced by 10 mg Tween 80. It was observed that the water in the pipeline was discharged back to the outside of the pipeline, the gas passage was opened, and the water lock effect was released, but the number of times the Tween 80 suppressed the water lock was only two times.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种解决水锁效应的方法。所述方法为向产生水锁的孔道内添加功能性粉体,消除水锁。所述的功能性粉体为两亲型粉体或由超亲水型粉体和疏水型粉体组成的混合粉体,所述功能性粉体的颗粒密度>1g/cm3,所述功能性粉体的平均粒径<100微米。本发明的方法简单易行、操作方便,且原料来源广泛,成本低廉。同时,本发明的方法在使用过程中,所述的功能性粉体可以降低液相界面张力,并且由于该功能性粉体为小颗粒固态,易滞留在岩石表面的细小孔洞或缝隙内,对抑制水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。此外,本发明的返排效果与酸化法相比有很大改善,进而能更好地解决水锁效应,从而大大提高油井产能。

Description

一种解决水锁效应的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种解决水锁效应的方法。 背景技术
在钻井、 完井、 修井及开采作业过程中, 在许多情况下都会出现外来相 在多孔介质中滞留的现象。 当另外一种不相混溶相渗入储层; 或者多孔介质 中原有不相混溶相饱和度增大, 都会损害相对渗透率, 使储层渗透率及油气 相对渗透度都明显降低。当不相混溶相为水相时,这种现象被称作水锁效应。
水锁效应会产生水锁伤害, 也就是指油井作业过程中水浸入油层造成的 伤害。 水浸入后会引起近井地带含水饱和度增加, 岩石孔隙中油水界面的毛 管阻力增加, 以及贾敏效应使原油在地层中比正常产生状态下产生一个附加 的流动阻力, 宏观上表现为油井原油产量的下降。
对于解决水锁效应的方法研究, 目前主要有以下四个方面: (1 )增大压 差, 但圈闭水相饱和度的微量减少必须增加很大的毛管压差, 因此这种方法 的广泛应用受限; (2 )改变岩石表面的润湿性并减小油水相之间的界面张力 和气液相之间的表面张力, 主要是采用醇或表面活性剂处理, 但成本较高; ( 3 ) 改变孔隙结构, 主要采用酸化的方法, 但效果并不理想; (4 ) 用蒸发 或加热等物理方法削弱水锁效应, 但技术困难, 效果也比较有限。
虽然表面活性剂也能在一定程度上用于解决水锁效应, 但是, 一方面表 面活性剂的成本较高; 另一方面, 由于表面活性剂是液态, 无法较好地吸附 或滞留在岩石表面, 只能暂时性解除水锁伤害, 如果外来水再次入侵时需要 再次采取措施, 导致使用成本居高不下, 且操作繁琐。
因此, 本领域目前迫切需要研究开发新的效果更好、 成本更低、 实施更 为方便的解决水锁效应的方法。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服在油气开采过程中易产生水锁 效应, 现有的解除水锁效应的方法成本较高、 且抑制水锁效应产生的持久性 较差的缺陷, 而提供一种解决水锁效应的方法, 防止水锁在油井作业过程中 对原油产量带来的伤害。 本发明的解决水锁效应的方法简单易行, 能够很好 地解决水锁效应, 原料来源广泛, 成本低廉, 且能够持续地抑制水锁效应产 生。
本发明提供的技术方案是: 一种解决水锁效应的方法, 其为向产生水锁 的孔道内添加功能性粉体, 消除水锁; 所述的功能性粉体为两亲型粉体或由 超亲水型粉体和疏水型粉体组成的混合粉体; 所述的两亲型粉体是表面与水 的接触角在 5°〜90°之间的粉体, 所述的超亲水型粉体是表面与水的接触角 <5°的粉体, 所述的疏水型粉体是表面与水的接触角 >90°的粉体。
本发明中, 所述的功能性粉体的颗粒密度较佳地为 > lg/cm3, 更佳地为 >2g/cm3
本发明中,所述的功能性粉体的平均粒径较佳地为≤100微米,更佳地为 <75微米。
本发明中, 所述的水锁效应为油气开采过程中常规所述的水锁效应。 本发明中, 所述功能性粉体的添加量以实际操作所需而定。 一般而言, 以内径为 1cm的孔道添加 10mg〜30mg粉体为宜,即所述功能性粉体的添加 量为 10~30mg/cm孔内径, 分次投料至水锁解除即可。 本发明的粉体在实际 使用的过程中, 既可以在产生水锁的孔道的端口投入粉体, 也可以在钻井工 程中将粉体添加至钻井液, 伴随其进入孔道, 前述操作均可达到解除水锁效 应的目的。
本发明中, 在所述的混合粉体中, 所述的超亲水型粉体与疏水型粉体的 质量比较佳地为 10:90~90: 10, 更佳地为 30:70~70:30。 所述的超亲水型粉体为本领域常规所述,优选超亲水型金属氧化物粉体 和 /或超亲水型硅酸盐粉体;所述的超亲水型金属氧化物粉体较佳地选自二氧 化硅粉体、 氧化镁粉体、 氧化铜粉体、 氧化锌粉体、 氧化铝粉体、 氧化钛粉 体、 氧化铁粉体、 氧化锰粉体、 五氧化二钒粉体、 氧化锡粉体、 氧化铬粉体 和氧化钡粉体中的一种或几种; 所述的超亲水型硅酸盐粉体较佳地选自石英 粉体、 硅藻土粉体、 滑石粉体、 云母粉体、 高岭石粉体和蛭石粉体中的一种 或几种。
所述的疏水型粉体为本领域常规所述,优选疏水型高分子粉体和 /或疏水 型无机矿物粉体; 所述的疏水型高分子粉体较佳地选自聚偏二氯乙烯粉体、 聚苯乙烯粉体、 聚偏二氟乙烯粉体、 聚氯乙烯粉体、 聚氟乙烯粉体、 聚四氟 乙烯粉体、 聚三氟-氯乙烯粉体、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯粉体和聚丙烯腈粉 体中的一种或几种;所述的疏水型无机矿物粉体较佳地为石墨粉体和 /或碳化 硅粉体。
所述的两亲型粉体为经疏水改性后的超亲水型粉体或经亲水改性后的 疏水型粉体; 所述的经疏水改性后的超亲水型粉体较佳地选自经疏水改性后 的超亲水型金属氧化物粉体和经疏水改性后的超亲水型硅酸盐粉体中的一 种或几种, 较佳地选自经疏水改性后的二氧化硅粉体、 氧化镁粉体、 氧化铜 粉体、 氧化锌粉体、 氧化铝粉体、 氧化钛粉体、 氧化铁粉体、 氧化锰粉体、 五氧化二钒粉体、 氧化锡粉体、 氧化铬粉体、 氧化钡粉体、 石英粉体、 硅藻 土粉体、 滑石粉体、 云母粉体、 高岭石粉体和蛭石粉体中的一种或几种; 所 述的经亲水改性后的疏水型粉体较佳地选自经亲水改性后的疏水型高分子 粉体和经亲水改性后的疏水型无机矿物粉体中的一种或几种,较佳地选自经 亲水改性后的聚偏二氯乙烯粉体、 聚偏二氟乙烯粉体、 聚氯乙烯粉体、 聚氟 乙烯粉体、 聚四氟乙烯粉体、 聚三氟-氯乙烯粉体、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 粉体、 聚丙烯腈粉体、 石墨粉和碳化硅粉体中的一种或几种。 所述的疏水改 性为本领域常规所述, 即在超亲水型粉体上引入疏水基团, 使改性后的粉体 的表面与水的接触角在 5°〜90°之间即可; 所述的亲水改性为本领域常规所 述, 即在疏水型粉体上引入亲水基团, 使改性后的粉体的表面与水的接触角 在 5°〜90°之间即可。
在符合本领域常识的基础上, 上述各优选条件, 可任意组合, 即得本发 明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
相对于现有技术, 本发明有以下优势:
1、 相对于增大压差法和蒸发或加热等物理方法来削弱水锁效应, 其技 术困难、 应用受限, 而本发明技术方法简单易行、 操作方便。
2、 相对于通过注入醇或其他表面活性剂来降低表面张力以解决水锁效 应的方法而言,其成本较高,而本发明使用的功能性粉体不仅原料成本低廉, 原料来源广泛, 而且效果持久, 进而又节约了使用成本。 在解决水锁效应的 过程中, 本发明所述的功能性粉体可降低液相界面张力, 并且由于本发明的 功能性粉体为小颗粒固态, 易滞留在岩石表面的细小孔洞或缝隙内, 对抑制 水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。
3、 酸化法虽然可以扩大裂缝和基块孔喉尺寸, 减小毛管压力, 促进水 的快速返排, 但因砂岩的可溶性差、 增大流通通道的尺寸困难等原因, 酸化 法在应用中促进返排的效果并不理想。 另外, 酸液若选择不当还可能使水锁 危害问题进一步恶化。 而本发明的返排效果与酸化法相比有了很大改善, 进 而可有效地解决水锁效应, 从而大大提高油井产能。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在 所述的实施例范围之中。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 按照常 规方法和条件, 或按照商品说明书选择。 下述实施例中, 所用部分试剂和原料的获得途径如下:
超亲水型 Ti02粉体 (货号: T104943 ) 购于阿拉丁公司;
疏水型聚偏二氯乙烯粉体 (牌号: 506) 购于美国陶氏化学公司; 超亲水型硅藻土粉体 (型号: CD06 ) 购于嵊州市华力硅藻土制品有限 公司;
疏水型碳化硅粉体 (粒度范围: 12#-90#) 购于上海上磨磨料磨具有限 公司;
超亲水型氧化铝粉体 (型号: DK410-2) 购于北京德科岛金有限公司; 疏水型石墨粉体 (产品编号: 20019128 ) 购于国药集团试剂有限公司; 超亲水型石英粉体(粒度: 100-150目)购于上海津沅石英砂有限公司; 疏水型聚氟乙烯粉体 (牌号: 6010/0001 ) 购于麦迪卡贸易有限公司; 超亲水型氧化锌粉体 (型号: ZHZn-01 ) 购于无锡泽辉化工有限公司; 疏水型聚四氟乙烯粉体 (货号: P110094) 购于阿拉丁公司;
疏水改性的 02粉体(型号: VK-TA18S) 购于杭州万景新材料有限公 司;
亲水改性的聚苯乙烯粉体(牌号: JNS-PC01-180)购于南京市捷纳思新 材料有限公司。
下述实施例中, 对于解决水锁效应的效果的实验室评价方法如下: 第一步: 水锁效应的实验室模拟
水锁效应的实验室模拟是在一特制管道系统装置内进行的。此特制管道 系统装置是由两个或两个以上内径为 4mm的相同 U型透明管道组成, U型 管道一侧的端口直通大气; 另一侧的端口并联相通, 并外接气路, 当气体通 入时可使各 U型管道内产生相同的气压。 在各 U型管道内分别添加 120微 升纯水, 然后打开气路, 通入一定压力的气体, 使得原处于 U型管道底部的 水移至管道直通大气的一侧并且滞留(气压不可过大, 以免所添加的水冲出 管道), 即产生了水锁效应。 在气压恒定条件下,向其中一个 U型管道内投入一定量的本发明中所述 粉体,可观察到未添加粉体的 U型管道内持续保持着水锁的状态,而添加粉 体的 U型管道内的水返排至管道外, 气路打通, 水锁效应得到解除。
第三步: 抑制水锁伤害的持久性评价
在所述的水锁效应解除实验完成 2小时后,向水锁解除的 U型管道内再 次添加 120微升纯水,观察管道内是否会产生水锁效应。若未出现水锁效应, 则可重复上述步骤, 直至此管道内再次产生水锁, 并记录产生水锁前所添加 水的次数, 即抑制水锁的次数, 并以此来表征抑制水锁伤害的持久性。 实施例 1添加超亲水型 ΊΊ02/疏水型聚偏二氯乙烯的混合粉体解决水锁 效应
将 10mg质量比例为 90: 10的超亲水型 Ti02:疏水型聚偏二氯乙烯混合粉 体添加至产生水锁效应后的管道内, 观察到此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气 路打通, 水锁效应解除。
按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中 Ti02的接触角接近 0°, 密度为 3.9~4.2g/cm3, 平均粒径为 25nm; 聚偏二氯乙烯接触角为 120°,密度为 1.961g/cm3, 平均粒径为 24-34μπι。
结论: 在添加超亲水型和疏水型混合粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑 制水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。 实施例 2添加超亲水型硅藻土 /疏水型碳化硅的混合粉体解决水锁效应 将 lOmg质量比例为 70:30的超亲水型硅藻土:疏水型碳化硅的混合粉体 添加至产生水锁效应后的管道内, 观察到此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气路 打通, 水锁效应解除。 按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中硅藻土粉体接触角接近 0°, 密度为 2.2g/cm3, 平均粒径为 45μπι, 碳化硅粉体接触角为 110°, 密度为 3.06~3.20g/cm3, 平均粒径为 63~75μπι。
结论: 在添加超亲水型和疏水型混合粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑 制水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。 实施例 3添加超亲水型氧化铝 /疏水型石墨粉的混合粉体解决水锁效应 将 10mg质量比例为 50:50的超亲水型氧化铝:疏水型石墨粉混合粉体添 加至产生水锁效应后的管道内, 观察到此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气路打 通, 水锁效应解除。
按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中氧化铝接触角接近 0°, 密度为 3.965g/cm3, 平均粒径为 10~20nm, 石墨粉接触角为 100°, 密度为 2.4g/cm3, 平均粒径为 30μπι。
结论: 在添加超亲水型和疏水型混合粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑 制水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。 实施例 4添加超亲水型石英粉 /疏水型聚氟乙烯的混合粉体解决水锁效 应
将 lOmg质量比例为 30:70的超亲水型石英粉:疏水型聚氟乙烯混合粉体 添加至产生水锁效应后的管道内, 观察到此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气路 打通, 水锁效应解除。
按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中石英粉的接触角接近 0°,密度为 2.3~2.6g/cm3,平均粒径为 ΙΟΟμπι, 聚氟乙烯接触角为 130°, 密度为 1.17~1.79g/cm3, 平均粒径为 2~5μπι。 结论: 在添加超亲水型和疏水型混合粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑 制水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。 实施例 5 添加超亲水型氧化锌 /疏水型聚四氟乙烯的混合粉体解决水锁 效应
将 10mg质量比例为 10:90的超亲水型氧化锌:疏水型聚四氟乙烯混合粉 体添加至产生水锁效应后的管道内, 观察到此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气 路打通, 水锁效应解除。
按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中氧化锌接触角接近 0°, 密度为 5.6g/cm3, 平均粒径为 30nm, 聚四 氟乙烯接触角为 130°, 密度为 2.0g/cm3, 平均粒径为 5μπι。
结论: 在添加超亲水型和疏水型混合粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑 制水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。 实施例 6添加经疏水改性的 Τι02粉体解决水锁效应
将 lOmg经疏水改性 Τι02粉体添加至产生水锁效应后的管道内,观察到 此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气路打通, 水锁效应解除。
按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中疏水改性 1 02粉体的接触角为 80°, 密度为 3.0~3.9g/cm3, 平均粒 径为 30-50nm。
结论: 在添加疏水改性的超亲水型粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑制 水锁伤害具有很强的持久性。
实施例 7添加经亲水改性聚苯乙烯粉体解决水锁效应 将 10mg经亲水改性聚苯乙烯粉体添加至产生水锁效应后的管道内, 观 察到此管道内的水返排至管道外, 气路打通, 水锁效应解除。
按照所述抑制水锁伤害的持久性的评价方法, 在向该管道内第 20次添 加水时, 依然未出现水锁效应, 即抑制水锁伤害的次数在 20次以上。
其中亲水改性聚苯乙烯粉体的接触角为 15°,密度为 1.04~1.06g/cm3,平 均粒径为 180nm。
结论: 在添加亲水改性的疏水型粉体后可以解决水锁效应, 并对抑制水 锁伤害具有很强的持久性。 对比例 1添加甲醇解决水锁效应
除将 lOmg Ti02/疏水型聚偏二氯乙烯的混合粉体替换为 lOmg甲醇之外, 所有条件和操作均同实施例 1。观察到管道内的水返排至管道外,气路打通, 水锁效应解除, 但是甲醇抑制水锁的次数为 0次。
结论: 醇类能够解除水锁效应, 但是对于抑制水锁伤害的持久性很差。 对比例 2添加吐温 80解决水锁效应
除将 lOmg Ti02/疏水型聚偏二氯乙烯的混合粉体替换为 lOmg吐温 80 之外, 所有条件和操作均同实施例 1。 观察到管道内的水返排至管道外, 气 路打通, 水锁效应解除, 但是吐温 80抑制水锁的次数仅为 2次。
结论: 表面活性剂能够解除水锁效应, 但是对于抑制水锁伤害的持久性 较差。 虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理 解, 这些仅是举例说明, 在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下, 可以对这 些实施方式做出多种变更或修改。 因此, 本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求 书限定。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 其为向产生水锁的孔道内 添加功能性粉体, 消除水锁; 所述的功能性粉体为两亲型粉体或由超亲水型 粉体和疏水型粉体组成的混合粉体; 所述的两亲型粉体是表面与水的接触角 在 5°〜90°之间的粉体, 所述的超亲水型粉体是表面与水的接触角 <5°的粉 体, 所述的疏水型粉体是表面与水的接触角 >90°的粉体。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的功 能性粉体的颗粒密度 > 1 g/cm3
3、 如权利要求 2所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的功 能性粉体的颗粒密度 >2g/cm3
4、 如权利要求 1~3 中至少一项所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在 于, 所述的功能性粉体的平均粒径≤100微米。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的功 能性粉体的平均粒径≤75微米。
6、 如权利要求 1~5 中至少一项所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在 于, 所述功能性粉体的添加量为 10~30mg/cm孔内径。
7、 如权利要求 1~6 中至少一项所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在 于, 在所述的混合粉体中, 所述的超亲水型粉体与疏水型粉体的质量比为 10:90~90: 10。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 在所述的 混合粉体中, 所述的超亲水型粉体与疏水型粉体的质量比为 30:70 70:30。
9、 如权利要求 1~8 中至少一项所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在 于,所述的超亲水型粉体选自超亲水型金属氧化物粉体和 /或超亲水型硅酸盐 粉体; 所述的疏水型粉体选自疏水型高分子粉体和 /或疏水型无机矿物粉体。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的超 亲水型金属氧化物粉体选自二氧化硅粉体、 氧化镁粉体、 氧化铜粉体、 氧化 锌粉体、 氧化铝粉体、 氧化钛粉体、 氧化铁粉体、 氧化锰粉体、 五氧化二钒 粉体、 氧化锡粉体、 氧化铬粉体和氧化钡粉体中的一种或几种; 所述的超亲 水型硅酸盐粉体选自石英粉体、 硅藻土粉体、 滑石粉体、 云母粉体、 高岭石 粉体和蛭石粉体中的一种或几种。
11、 如权利要求 9所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的疏 水型高分子粉体选自聚偏二氯乙烯粉体、聚苯乙烯粉体、聚偏二氟乙烯粉体、 聚氯乙烯粉体、 聚氟乙烯粉体、 聚四氟乙烯粉体、 聚三氟-氯乙烯粉体、 聚 对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯粉体和聚丙烯腈粉体中的一种或几种; 所述的疏水型无 机矿物粉体为石墨粉体和 /或碳化硅粉体。
12、 如权利要求 1~11 中至少一项所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征 在于, 所述的两亲型粉体为经疏水改性后的超亲水型粉体或经亲水改性后的 疏水型粉体。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的 经疏水改性后的超亲水型粉体选自经疏水改性后的超亲水型金属氧化物粉 体和经疏水改性后的超亲水型硅酸盐粉体中的一种或几种; 所述的经亲水改 性后的疏水型粉体选自经亲水改性后的疏水型高分子粉体和经亲水改性后 的疏水型无机矿物粉体中的一种或几种。
14、 如权利要求 12或 13所述的解决水锁效应的方法, 其特征在于, 所 述的经疏水改性后的超亲水型粉体选自经疏水改性后的二氧化硅粉体、氧化 镁粉体、氧化铜粉体、氧化锌粉体、氧化铝粉体、氧化钛粉体、氧化铁粉体、 氧化锰粉体、 五氧化二钒粉体、 氧化锡粉体、 氧化铬粉体、 氧化钡粉体、 石 英粉体、 硅藻土粉体、 滑石粉体、 云母粉体、 高岭石粉体和蛭石粉体中的一 种或几种; 所述的经亲水改性后的疏水型粉体选自经亲水改性后的聚偏二氯 乙烯粉体、 聚偏二氟乙烯粉体、 聚氯乙烯粉体、 聚氟乙烯粉体、 聚四氟乙烯 粉体、 聚三氟-氯乙烯粉体、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯粉体、 聚丙烯腈粉体、 石墨粉和碳化硅粉体中的一种或几种。
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