WO2015010528A1 - 一种直流输入端防反接保护电路和方法、直流输入设备 - Google Patents
一种直流输入端防反接保护电路和方法、直流输入设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015010528A1 WO2015010528A1 PCT/CN2014/081723 CN2014081723W WO2015010528A1 WO 2015010528 A1 WO2015010528 A1 WO 2015010528A1 CN 2014081723 W CN2014081723 W CN 2014081723W WO 2015010528 A1 WO2015010528 A1 WO 2015010528A1
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- input terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
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- the invention relates to the technical field of anti-reverse protection of a DC input end, and particularly relates to a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit and method, and a DC input device. Background technique
- the DC input terminal of the inverter is directly connected to the output end of the solar panel for converting the DC power output from the solar panel into AC power.
- the DC input terminal of the inverter When the DC input terminal of the inverter is reversed, the DC input terminal will be short-circuited by the switching tube in the inverter, which will short-circuit the switch tube and even cause a fire. Therefore, the DC input terminal of the inverter is protected. Reverse connection protection is required in relevant standards.
- the prior art In order to prevent the inverter DC input terminal from being reversed, as shown in FIG. 1, the prior art generally sets a diode at its DC input terminal to protect the inverter by using the unidirectional conductive performance of the diode (ie, the rear in FIG. 1). Stage circuit). However, the diode will continue to conduct during the normal operation of the inverter, and the current will continue to flow during its continuous conduction, thus causing continuous loss of energy; and, from the safety point of view, the selection of the diode by the inverter Both heat and heat have higher requirements, which increases the cost. It can be seen that the above scheme of setting a diode at the DC input terminal to protect the inverter increases the cost on the one hand, and increases the system power consumption and system efficiency when the inverter is in normal operation on the other hand. Summary of the invention
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit and method and a DC input device which can reduce the cost and reduce the power consumption of the system in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art.
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit comprises: a controllable disconnection accessory, a voltage sampling unit and a control unit;
- the controllable disconnecting accessory is connected between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal and the rear stage circuit;
- the voltage sampling unit is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal, and is used for real-time collecting the voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal, and transmitting the sampling result to the control unit;
- the control unit is respectively connected to the voltage sampling unit and the controllable disconnecting accessory, and is configured to determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected according to the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit, and if the reverse connection is determined, the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected. If the positive connection is determined, the control is controlled to disconnect the accessory.
- control unit is specifically configured to:
- the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is a negative voltage, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected;
- the negative pressure normal value is pre-set in the control unit, and is also used to obtain the negative pressure value when the voltage sampling unit is the negative voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal, and determine the negative voltage. Whether the pressure value is higher than the normal value of the negative pressure. If yes, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected. If not, the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the controllable disconnection is controlled. Accessories are attached.
- the range in which the negative pressure value is higher than the normal value of the negative pressure is set to 0 to 50%.
- control unit is further configured to: control the controllable disconnection of the accessory to be disconnected before the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is powered on.
- control unit comprises a first comparison circuit;
- a voltage reference reverse determination signal is pre-set in the first comparison circuit, and is used for comparing a voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal collected by the voltage sampling unit in real time with the voltage reference reverse determination signal, If the voltage sampling signal is greater than the voltage reference reverse determination signal, determining that the DC input terminal is reversed, and outputting a corresponding digital level signal to drive the controllable disconnecting accessory to be disconnected; if the voltage sampling signal is less than or equal to The voltage reference reverse judgment signal determines that the DC input terminal is positively connected to the positive and negative terminals, and outputs a corresponding digital level signal to drive the controllable disconnection accessory to be engaged.
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit further includes a current sampling unit, and the current sampling unit is connected between the controllable disconnecting accessory and the rear stage circuit, and is used for real-time collecting the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit. Current signal in the middle, and send the sampling result to the control unit;
- the control unit is further connected to the current sampling unit, and is further configured to further determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected according to the sampling result of the current sampling unit after controlling the controllable disconnecting of the accessory, if the reverse connection is determined, the control may be The control disconnects the accessory to be disconnected. If the positive connection is determined, the controllable disconnection of the accessory remains controlled.
- control unit is specifically configured to: after controlling the controllable disconnection of the accessory,
- sampling result of the current sampling unit is that the current flow direction of the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is reversed, it is determined that the DC input terminal is reversed, and the controllable disconnection accessory is disconnected;
- the sampling result of the current sampling unit is that the current flow in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input terminal is positive, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is controlled to keep the suction.
- control unit is pre-set with a reverse current normal value, and is also used to obtain the reverse current when the sampling result of the current sampling unit is that the current direction of the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is reversed. a value, determining whether the reverse current value is higher than the normal value of the reverse current, if yes, determining that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and controlling the controllable disconnection of the accessory to be disconnected, and if not, determining the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal Positively connected, and control the controllable disconnection attachment to keep the suction.
- the range in which the reverse current value is higher than the reverse current normal value is set to 0. ⁇ 50%
- control unit comprises a second comparison circuit
- a current reference reverse determination signal is pre-set in the second comparison circuit, and is used for the current signal in the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit and the current reference reverse determination signal collected by the current sampling unit in real time. Comparing, if the current sampling signal is greater than the current reference reverse determination signal, determining that the DC input terminal is reversed, and outputting a corresponding digital level signal to drive the controllable disconnect accessory to be disconnected; if the current sampling signal is less than Or equal to the current reference reverse judgment signal, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are connected, and the input is A corresponding digital level signal drives the controllable disconnect attachment to remain engaged.
- controllable disconnecting attachment employs any one of a controllable relay, a contactor and a trip unit.
- the invention also provides a DC input device comprising the above-mentioned DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the invention also provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection method, comprising the following steps:
- step 2) According to the sampling result of step 1), it is determined whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed. If the reverse connection is determined, the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the latter circuit. If the positive connection is determined, the circuit of the DC input terminal is followed. The level circuit is connected.
- the step 2) is specifically:
- the sampling result is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is a negative voltage, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the subsequent circuit;
- the sampling result is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is positive pressure, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the step 2) further includes:
- the negative pressure value is obtained, and it is determined whether the negative pressure value is higher than the normal value of the negative pressure. If yes, determining the positive and negative polarity of the DC input terminal Connect, and disconnect the circuit of the DC input terminal from the latter circuit. If not, determine that the DC input terminal is positively connected to the positive and negative terminals, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected to the circuit of the latter stage.
- the range in which the negative pressure value is higher than the normal value of the negative pressure is set to 0 to 50%.
- the step 2) further comprises: disconnecting the circuit of the DC input terminal from the subsequent circuit before powering on the circuit where the DC input terminal is powered.
- the step 2) is specifically:
- step 1) Comparing the voltage sampling signal obtained in step 1) with the voltage reference reverse determination signal, and if the voltage sampling signal is greater than the voltage reference reverse determination signal, determining that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the DC input is made
- the circuit where the terminal is located is disconnected from the circuit of the second stage; if the voltage sampling signal is less than or equal to the voltage reference reverse determination signal, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected with the circuit of the subsequent stage.
- the method further includes:
- step 4) After the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected with the circuit of the latter stage, according to the sampling result of step 3), it is further determined whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed. If the reverse connection is determined, the circuit of the DC input terminal and the circuit of the latter stage are disconnected. On, if it is determined to be connected, the circuit where the DC input terminal is located is kept in communication with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the step 4) is specifically: after the circuit where the DC input terminal is connected is connected to the circuit of the latter stage,
- the sampling result is that the current flow in the circuit where the DC input terminal is located is positive, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is kept in communication with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the step 4) further includes:
- the reverse current value is obtained, and it is determined whether the reverse current value is higher than the normal value of the reverse current. If yes, the DC is determined. The positive and negative poles of the input terminal are reversed, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the circuit of the latter stage. If not, the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the range in which the reverse current value is higher than the normal value of the reverse current is set to 0 to 50%.
- the step 4) is specifically:
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit of the present invention can determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed through the voltage sampling unit, the controllable disconnecting accessory and the control unit, and the control is controllable when the reverse connection is determined. Disconnecting the accessory to protect the rear-stage circuit connected to the circuit where the DC input is located is less costly and does not increase the power consumption of the system compared to the prior art scheme of setting the diode at the DC input.
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit of the invention further has a current sampling unit to further determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input end are reversed, thereby providing a double protection function and improving the reliability of the system.
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit of the prior art
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-reverse protection circuit for a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for protecting an anti-reverse connection of a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for protecting an anti-reverse connection of a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for protecting an anti-reverse connection of a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-reverse protection circuit for a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for protecting an anti-reverse connection of a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for protecting an anti-reverse connection of a DC input terminal according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. detailed description
- the embodiment provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit, which is mainly used in a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system.
- the protection circuit can be disposed at a DC output end of the solar panel and an inverter. Between the DC input terminals of the device, to prevent the DC input end of the inverter from being reversed, that is, if the protection circuit is applied in a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is The inverter DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit, and the following rear stage circuits all refer to the inverter circuit.
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit can also be applied to other DC systems, for example, can be applied to DC motors, DC power supplies, DC charging piles/machines, batteries, electric vehicle DC charging modules, DC lighting, DC Load, combiner box and other DC systems.
- the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit in this embodiment includes: a controllable disconnection accessory, a voltage sampling unit and a control unit.
- the controllable disconnect accessory is connected between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal and the subsequent stage circuit.
- the voltage sampling unit is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal, and is used for real-time collecting the voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal, and transmitting the sampling result to the control unit.
- the control unit is respectively connected to the voltage sampling unit and the controllable disconnecting accessory, and is configured to determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected according to the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit, and if the reverse connection is determined, the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected.
- the control can control the disconnection of the accessory to ensure the normal operation of the latter circuit.
- the controllable disconnecting device may adopt an existing controlled switch.
- the controllable disconnecting device adopts any one of a controllable relay, a contactor and a trip unit;
- the voltage sampling unit may be The existing oscilloscope, or an integrated chip with a voltage sampling function, a circuit module, etc.;
- the control unit can adopt a logic control device such as an existing single chip microcomputer, a DSP (digital signal processor), or a hardware with a comparison function. Circuit.
- the control unit determines that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed
- the DC input terminal block needs to be replaced, and then the control unit continues to determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed according to the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit.
- the DC input terminal can be manually replaced by the staff, or the DC input terminal can be automatically replaced by the control unit.
- the method for automatically changing the DC input terminal by the control unit belongs to the prior art and will not be described again.
- control unit In addition to automatically controlling the disconnection or suction of the controllable disconnection according to the result of the determination, the control unit also has a prompt function, which can prompt the worker to manually control the disconnection or pull-in of the controllable disconnection accessory.
- the way the control unit prompts can be an audible prompt and/or a light cues.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input device, which includes a rear stage circuit and the above-mentioned DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection method, which can be used in a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, and includes the following steps:
- step slOl it is determined whether the positive and negative poles of the DC input terminal are reversed. If the reverse connection is determined, the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the latter circuit. If the positive connection is determined, the circuit of the DC input terminal and the subsequent stage are made. The circuit is connected.
- Example 2
- This embodiment provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit having a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 2, which also includes a controllable disconnection attachment, a voltage sampling unit, and a control unit.
- control unit is specifically configured to:
- the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is a negative voltage, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected;
- the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is positive pressure, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the controllable disconnection of the accessory is controlled.
- the control unit adopts a logic control device such as an existing single chip microcomputer or a DSP (digital signal processor).
- a logic control device such as an existing single chip microcomputer or a DSP (digital signal processor).
- the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit includes: a voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal collected in real time, and a conclusion that can be directly obtained according to the voltage signal, for example, between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal. Whether the voltage is positive or negative.
- the control unit is pre-set with a negative pressure normal value, and is also used for sampling in the voltage sampling unit. The result is that when the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is a negative pressure, the negative pressure value is obtained, and it is determined whether the negative pressure value is higher than the normal value of the negative pressure. If yes, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected, and controlled. The controllable disconnect accessory is disconnected. If no, it is determined that the DC input terminal is positively connected to the positive and negative terminals, and the controllable disconnection of the accessory is controlled.
- the control unit does not necessarily determine that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed.
- the negative pressure value does not exceed the specified numerical range, that is, there is no higher than the normal value of the negative pressure.
- the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected.
- the continuous and smooth operation of the system applied by the road is further limited when the positive and negative poles of the DC input terminal are positively and reversely connected, and the negative pressure value obtained by the control unit is higher than the preset negative pressure normal value.
- the range can be set to 0 ⁇ 50%, that is, the upper range can be selected within 0 ⁇ 50% of the normal value of the negative pressure.
- the range can be set to 10% of the normal value of the negative pressure, that is, the control unit determines whether the negative pressure value is 10% or more higher than the normal value of the negative pressure, if the negative pressure ratio is If the normal value of the negative pressure is higher than 10% or more, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the controllable disconnection accessory is disconnected, if the negative pressure value is not 10% higher than the normal value of the negative pressure. (ie, the negative pressure value is less than or equal to 110% of the normal value of the negative pressure), then it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the controllable disconnection of the accessory is controlled.
- the working process of the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit of this embodiment is detailed in FIG. 4 below: S201. Power on the DC input anti-reverse protection circuit.
- step s203 The voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is collected in real time by the voltage sampling unit. If the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit is negative pressure, step s203 is performed, and if the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit is positive pressure, step s206 is performed. High (for example, 10% higher), if yes, step s204 is performed, if no, step s206 is performed
- the control unit determines that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input are reversed, and controls the controllable disconnection of the accessory to be disconnected.
- the control unit determines that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input are positively connected, and controls the controllable disconnection of the accessory.
- the control unit does not know the state of the controllable disconnection accessory, and the control disconnection accessory may be in the disconnected state or may be in the state of being disconnected.
- the pull-in state if the controllable disconnection accessory is in the off state, and the DC input terminal is reversed, the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit must be negative pressure. If the DC input terminal is positively connected, the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit must be For positive pressure; if the controllable disconnection accessory is in the pull-in state, the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit is positive pressure regardless of whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed.
- control unit has the possibility of erroneous judgment.
- control unit is further configured to control the controllable disconnection of the accessory to be disconnected before the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is powered on.
- step s201 it also includes:
- control unit controls the controllable disconnection accessory to open.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input device, which includes a rear stage circuit and the above-mentioned DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection method, including the following steps:
- step s301 If the sampling result in step s301 is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is a negative voltage, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the subsequent circuit;
- step s301 If the sampling result in step s301 is that the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal is positive, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the sampling result of the step s301 includes: a voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal collected in real time, and a conclusion that can be directly obtained according to the voltage signal, for example, between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal. Whether the voltage is positive or negative.
- the method further includes:
- the step s302 further includes:
- the negative pressure value is obtained, and it is determined whether the negative pressure value is higher than the negative pressure normal value (the negative pressure value ratio may be defined)
- the range in which the negative pressure normal value is higher may be set to 0 to 50%, that is, the upper range may be selected within 0 to 50% of the normal value of the negative pressure.
- the range may be set. Is 10% of the normal value of negative pressure), such as If yes, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the circuit of the latter stage. If not, the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected with the circuit of the latter stage.
- Example 3 is the same as those in Embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
- Example 3 is the same as those in Embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
- This embodiment provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit having a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 2, which also includes a controllable disconnection attachment, a voltage sampling unit, and a control unit.
- control unit includes a first comparison circuit, that is, the control unit does not need to adopt the logic control device described in Embodiment 2.
- the controllable disconnection of the accessory can be controlled to be closed or disconnected by simply using a hardware circuit with a comparison function.
- the first comparison circuit can employ a conventional general-purpose comparator circuit.
- a voltage reference reverse determination signal is pre-set in the first comparison circuit, and is used for comparing a voltage signal between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal collected by the voltage sampling unit in real time with the voltage reference reverse determination signal, If the voltage sampling signal is greater than the voltage reference reverse determination signal, determining that the DC input terminal is reversed, and outputting a corresponding digital level signal to drive the controllable disconnecting accessory to be disconnected; if the voltage sampling signal is less than or equal to The voltage reference reverse judgment signal determines that the DC input terminal is positively connected to the positive and negative terminals, and outputs a corresponding digital level signal to drive the controllable disconnection accessory to be engaged.
- the voltage reference reverse determination signal can be designed by a person skilled in the art according to the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal.
- the digital level signal can be a high level signal or a low level signal. For example, when the first comparison circuit outputs a high level signal, the controllable disconnection accessory can be driven to be turned off; when the low level signal is output, Drive the controllable disconnection accessory to pull in; vice versa.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input device, which includes a rear stage circuit and the above-mentioned DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection method, which includes the following steps:
- Example 4 is the same as those in Embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
- Example 4 is the same as those in Embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
- the embodiment provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit, which is different from the circuit described in Embodiment 2: the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit further includes a current sampling unit.
- the current sampling unit is connected between the controllable disconnecting accessory and the rear stage circuit, and is used for real-time collecting the current signal in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input end, and transmitting the sampling result to the control unit; the current sampling unit may Use an existing oscilloscope, or an integrated chip with current sampling function, circuit module, etc.;
- the control unit is further connected to the current sampling unit, and is configured to further determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input end are reversed according to the sampling result of the current sampling unit after controlling the controllable disconnecting of the accessory, and if the reverse connection is determined, the control is controllable. Disconnect the attachment, if it is determined to be connected, Then control the controllable disconnection of the attachment to keep the suction.
- control unit is specifically configured to: after controlling the controllable disconnection of the accessory, if the sampling result of the current sampling unit is that the current flow in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input is reversed, determining the DC input The positive and negative poles are reversely connected, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected. If the sampling result of the current sampling unit is that the current flowing in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input terminal is positive, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the control can be The control disconnects the attachment to keep it closed.
- sampling result is reversed (ie, the current flow direction of the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is reversed), that is, the direction of the current in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input end is normal and under normal conditions.
- the direction of the current is opposite;
- the sampling result is positive (ie, the current flow direction of the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is positive) refers to the direction of the current in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input terminal and the normal condition The direction of the current is the same.
- the sampling result of the current sampling unit includes: a current signal in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input end collected in real time, and a conclusion that can be directly obtained according to the current signal, for example, a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit
- the current flow is positive or negative.
- the control unit is pre-set with a reverse current normal value, and is also used in the current sampling unit.
- the sampling result is that when the current direction of the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is reversed, the reverse current value is obtained, and it is determined whether the reverse current value is higher than the normal value of the reverse current. If yes, the DC is determined.
- the positive and negative terminals of the input terminal are reversely connected, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is disconnected. If not, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the controllable disconnecting accessory is controlled to keep the suction.
- the reverse current value does not exceed the specified value range, that is, there is no higher than the normal value of the reverse current.
- the normal value of the reverse current can be set by a person skilled in the art according to the current in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input terminal. In order to ensure the continuous and smooth operation of the system applied by the protection circuit, when determining the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal, the reverse current value obtained by the control unit is higher than the preset reverse current normal value.
- the range is further limited, and the range can be set to 0 to 50%, that is, the upper range can be selected within 0 to 50% of the normal value of the reverse current.
- the range can be set to 10% of the normal value of the reverse current, that is, the control unit determines whether the reverse current value is 10% or more higher than the normal value of the reverse current, if the reverse If the current value is 10% or more higher than the normal value of the reverse current, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the controllable disconnection accessory is disconnected if the reverse current value is not reversed.
- the controllable disconnecting accessory is controlled to keep the suction.
- S501 ⁇ s506 are the same as s201 ⁇ s206 in Embodiment 2, and are not described again.
- step s508 Real-time acquisition of the current signal in the anti-reverse protection circuit of the DC input terminal by the current sampling unit. If the sampling result of the current sampling unit is reversed, step s508 is performed, and if the sampling result of the current sampling unit is positive, execution is performed. Step s511
- the control unit acquires the reverse current value, and determines, according to the preset reverse current normal value therein, whether the reverse current value is 10% more than the normal value of the reverse current. If yes, step s509 is performed. If no, go to step s511.
- the control unit determines that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input are reversed, and controls the controllable disconnection of the accessory to be disconnected.
- the control unit determines that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input are positively connected, and controls the controllable disconnection to keep the suction. It can be seen that, in the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit of the embodiment, the current sampling unit is added, and before the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is powered on, if the controllable disconnection accessory is in the off state, the voltage sampling is performed according to the voltage.
- the sampling result of the unit can determine whether the positive and negative poles of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the current sampling unit further determines whether the positive and negative poles of the DC input terminal are reversed, thereby playing the role of double protection; before the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit is powered on, If the controllable disconnection accessory is in the pull-in state, it may be determined according to the sampling result of the voltage sampling unit whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversely connected. According to the sampling result of the current sampling unit, it can be further determined whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are opposite. Therefore, the current sampling unit overcomes the defect that the control unit may have misjudgment, and improves the reliability of the circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input device, which includes a rear stage circuit and the above-mentioned DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection method, which includes the following steps:
- S601-s602 is the same as s301-s302 in Embodiment 2, and will not be described again.
- step s603 After the circuit of the DC input terminal is connected to the circuit of the second stage, according to the sampling result of step s603, it is further determined whether the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed. If the reverse connection is determined, the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the circuit of the latter stage. If the positive connection is determined, the circuit where the DC input terminal is located is kept in communication with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the step s604 is specifically:
- the sampling result is that the current flow in the circuit where the DC input terminal is located is positive, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are positively connected, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is kept in communication with the circuit of the latter stage.
- the sampling result of the step s603 includes: a current signal in a circuit where the DC input terminal is collected in real time, and a conclusion that can be directly obtained according to the current signal, for example, a current in a circuit where the DC input terminal is located
- the flow direction is positive or negative.
- the step s604 further includes:
- the reverse current value is obtained, and it is determined whether the reverse current value is higher than the normal value of the reverse current (the reverse may be defined)
- the range of the current value is higher than the normal value of the reverse current, and the range may be set to 0 to 50%, that is, the range of the upper range may be selected within 0 to 50% of the normal value of the reverse current, preferably , the range can be set to 10% of the normal value of the negative pressure. If yes, it is determined that the positive and negative terminals of the DC input terminal are reversed, and the circuit of the DC input terminal is disconnected from the circuit of the latter stage. If not, the DC input terminal is determined to be positive. The negative pole is connected positively, and the circuit where the DC input terminal is located is kept in communication with the circuit of the latter stage.
- Example 5 Other structures, methods, and functions in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 2, and are not mentioned here.
- Example 5 is the same as those in Embodiment 2, and are not mentioned here.
- the embodiment provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit, which has a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 7, and also includes a controllable disconnection accessory, a voltage sampling unit, a current sampling unit, and a control unit.
- the control unit includes a second comparison circuit.
- a current reference reverse determination signal is pre-set in the second comparison circuit, and is used for the current signal in the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit and the current reference reverse determination signal collected by the current sampling unit in real time. Comparing, if the current sampling signal is greater than the current reference reverse determination signal, determining that the DC input terminal is reversed, and outputting a corresponding digital level signal to drive the controllable disconnect accessory to be disconnected; if the current sampling signal is less than Or equal to the current reference reverse judgment signal, it is determined that the DC input terminal is positively and positively connected, and the corresponding digital level signal is output to drive the controllable disconnection accessory to keep the suction.
- the current reference reverse determination signal can be designed by a person skilled in the art according to the current condition in the DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the digital level signal may be a high level signal or a low level signal.
- the driving controllable disconnecting accessory when disconnected, and when the low level signal is output, the driving may be Control the disconnection of the attachment; vice versa.
- the second comparison circuit can adopt a conventional general-purpose comparator circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input device, which includes a rear stage circuit and the above-mentioned DC input end anti-reverse protection circuit.
- the embodiment further provides a DC input end anti-reverse protection method, which includes the following steps: s701-s703 is the same as s601-s603 in Embodiment 4, and details are not described herein again.
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Abstract
一种直流输入端防反接保护电路以及直流输入端防反接保护方法，包括：可控断开附件、电压采样单元和控制单元；所述可控断开附件连接在直流输入端正负极与后级电路之间；所述电压采样单元并联在直流输入端正负极之间，用于实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号，并将采样结果发送至控制单元；所述控制单元分别与电压采样单元和可控断开附件连接，用于根据电压采样单元的采样结果判定直流输入端正负极是否反接，若判定反接，则控制可控断开附件断开，若判定正接，则控制可控断开附件吸合。与现有技术相比，既能降低成本，又能减小系统功耗。
Description
一种直流输入端防反接保护电路和方法、 直流输入设备 技术领域
本发明涉及直流输入端防反接保护技术领域， 具体涉及一种直流输入端防反接保护电路和方法、 直 流输入设备。 背景技术
在光伏并网发电系统中， 逆变器的直流输入端直接与太阳能电池板的输出端相连， 用于将太阳能电 池板输出的直流电能转变成交流电。 当逆变器的直流输入端反接时， 其直流输入端将通过逆变器中的开 关管短接而发生短路， 会损坏开关管， 甚至发生火灾， 所以对逆变器的直流输入端的防反接保护在相关 标准中都有要求。
为了防止逆变器直流输入端反接， 如图 1所示， 现有技术一般会在其直流输入端设置二极管， 以利 用二极管的单向导电性能来保护逆变器（即图 1中的后级电路）。但二极管在逆变器正常工作过程中会持 续导通， 并在其持续导通期间一直有电流通过， 因而造成了能量的持续损耗； 而且， 从安全方面考虑， 逆变器对二极管的选型和散热都有着更高的要求， 因而增加了较多成本。 可以看出， 上述在直流输入端 设置二极管以保护逆变器的方案一方面增加了较多成本，另一方面在逆变器正常运行时会增加系统功耗， 降低系统效率。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中所存在的上述缺陷， 提供一种既能降低成本， 又能减 小系统功耗的直流输入端防反接保护电路和方法、 直流输入设备。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
所述直流输入端防反接保护电路包括： 可控断开附件、 电压采样单元和控制单元；
所述可控断开附件连接在直流输入端正负极与后级电路之间；
所述电压采样单元并联在直流输入端正负极之间，用于实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号， 并将采样结果发送至控制单元；
所述控制单元分别与电压采样单元和可控断开附件连接， 用于根据电压采样单元的采样结果判定直 流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则控制可控断开附件断开， 若判定正接， 则控制可控断开附件 吸合。
优选地， 所述控制单元具体用于：
在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之后，
若所述电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压， 则判定直流输入端正负极 反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开；
若所述电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为正压， 则判定直流输入端正负极 正接， 并控制可控断开附件吸合。
优选地， 所述控制单元内预设有负压正常值， 还用于在电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负 极之间的电压为负压时， 获取该负压值， 判断所述负压值是否比所述负压正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流 输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开 附件吸合。
进一步优选地， 在所述控制单元判断所述负压值是否比所述负压正常值高时， 所述负压值比所述负 压正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%
优选地， 所述控制单元还用于： 在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之前， 控制可控断开附件断开。 优选地， 所述控制单元包括第一比较电路；
所述第一比较电路内预设有电压基准反向判断信号， 用于将所述电压采样单元实时采集到的直流输 入端正负极之间的电压信号与所述电压基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若该电压采样信号大于所述电压基 准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并输出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件断开； 若该电压采样信号小于或等于所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并输出相应 的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件吸合。
优选地， 所述直流输入端防反接保护电路还包括电流采样单元， 所述电流采样单元连接在可控断开 附件与后级电路之间， 用于实时采集直流输入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号， 并将采样结果发送至控 制单元；
所述控制单元还与电流采样单元连接， 还用于在控制可控断开附件吸合后， 根据电流采样单元的采 样结果进一步判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则控制可控断开附件断开， 若判定正接， 则控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
优选地， 所述控制单元具体用于： 在控制可控断开附件吸合后，
若电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为反向， 则判定直流输入端 正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开；
若电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为正向， 则判定直流输入端 正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
优选地， 所述控制单元内预设有反向电流正常值， 还用于在电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端 防反接保护电路中电流的流向为反向时， 获取该反向电流值， 判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流 正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端 正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
进一步优选地， 在所述控制单元判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高时， 所述反向电 流值比所述反向电流正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%
优选地， 所述控制单元包括第二比较电路；
所述第二比较电路内预设有电流基准反向判断信号， 用于将所述电流采样单元实时采集到的直流输 入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号与所述电流基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若该电流采样信号大于所述 电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并输出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件 断开； 若该电流采样信号小于或等于所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并输
出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件保持吸合。
优选地， 所述可控断开附件采用可控的继电器、 接触器和脱扣器中的任一种。 本发明还提供一种包括上述直流输入端防反接保护电路的直流输入设备。 本发明还提供一种直流输入端防反接保护方法， 包括如下步骤：
1 ) 实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号；
2 )根据步骤 1 )的采样结果判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则使直流输入端所在电 路与后级电路断开， 若判定正接， 则使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
优选地， 所述步骤 2 )具体为：
在直流输入端所在电路上电之后，
若所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为正压， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
优选地， 所述步骤 2 )还包括：
预设负压正常值；
在所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压时， 获取该负压值， 判断所述负压值是否比 所述负压正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
进一步优选地， 在判断所述负压值是否比所述负压正常值高时， 所述负压值比所述负压正常值高出 的范围设定为 0~50%
优选地， 所述步骤 2 )还包括： 在直流输入端所在电路上电之前， 使直流输入端所在电路与后级电 路断开。
优选地， 所述步骤 2 )具体为：
预设电压基准反向判断信号；
将步骤 1 )得到的电压采样信号与所述电压基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若所述电压采样信号大于 所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开； 若所述电压采样信号小于等于所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输 入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
优选地， 所述方法还包括：
3 ) 实时采集直流输入端所在电路中的电流信号；
4 )在使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通后， 根据步骤 3 )的采样结果进一步判定直流输入端正 负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开， 若判定正接， 则使直流输入端 所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
优选地， 所述步骤 4 )具体为： 在使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通后，
若所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为反向， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为正向， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
优选地， 所述步骤 4 )还包括：
预设反向电流正常值；
在所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为反向时， 获取该反向电流值， 判断所述反向 电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路 与后级电路断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
进一步优选地， 在判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高时， 所述反向电流值比所述反 向电流正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%
优选地， 所述步骤 4 )具体为：
预设电流基准反向判断信号；
将步骤 3 )得到的电流采样信号与所述电流基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若所述电流采样信号大于 所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开； 若所述电流采样信号小于等于所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输 入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。 有益效果：
1 )本发明所述直流输入端防反接保护电路通过其中的电压采样单元、可控断开附件和控制单元， 就 能判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 并在判定反接时控制可控断开附件断开， 以保护与直流输入端所在 电路相连的后级电路， 与现有技术中在直流输入端设置二极管的方案相比， 成本较低， 且不会增加系统 的功耗。
2 )本发明所述直流输入端防反接保护电路中还具有电流采样单元， 以进一步判定直流输入端正负极 是否反接， 从而起到了双重保护作用， 提高了系统的可靠性。
3 )本发明所述直流输入端防反接保护电路结构简单， 易于实施。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术所述直流输入端防反接保护电路的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明实施例 1中所述直流输入端防反接保护电路的结构示意图；
图 3为本发明实施例 1中所述直流输入端防反接保护方法的流程图；
图 4为本发明实施例 2中所述直流输入端防反接保护电路的工作流程图；
图 5为本发明实施例 2中所述直流输入端防反接保护方法的流程图；
图 6为本发明实施例 3中所述直流输入端防反接保护方法的流程图；
图 Ί为本发明实施例 4中所述直流输入端防反接保护电路的结构示意图；
图 8为本发明实施例 4中所述直流输入端防反接保护电路的工作流程图；
图 9为本发明实施例 4中所述直流输入端防反接保护方法的流程图；
图 10为本发明实施例 5中所述直流输入端防反接保护方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明所述直流输入 端防反接保护电路和方法、 直流输入设备作进一步详细描述。 实施例 1 :
如图 2所示， 本实施例提供一种直流输入端防反接保护电路， 主要用于光伏并网发电系统中， 具体 地， 该保护电路可设置在太阳能电池板的直流输出端与逆变器的直流输入端之间， 以防止逆变器的直流 输入端反接， 也就是说， 如果所述保护电路应用于光伏并网发电系统中， 则所述直流输入端防反接保护 电路即逆变器直流输入端防反接保护电路， 且下文中的后级电路均指代的是逆变器电路。 当然， 所述直 流输入端防反接保护电路还可以应用于其它直流系统中， 例如， 可应用在直流电机、 直流电源、 直流充 电桩 /机、 电池、 电动汽车直流充电模块、 直流照明、 直流负载、 汇流箱等直流系统中。
本实施例中的直流输入端防反接保护电路包括： 可控断开附件、 电压采样单元和控制单元。
所述可控断开附件连接在直流输入端正负极与后级电路之间。
所述电压采样单元并联在直流输入端正负极之间，用于实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号， 并将采样结果发送至控制单元。
所述控制单元分别与电压采样单元和可控断开附件连接， 用于根据电压采样单元的采样结果判定直 流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则控制可控断开附件断开， 以保护后级电路， 防止其受损， 若 判定正接， 则控制可控断开附件吸合， 以保证后级电路正常运行。
所述可控断开附件可采用现有的受控开关， 优选地， 所述可控断开附件采用可控的继电器、 接触器 和脱扣器中的任一种； 所述电压采样单元可采用现有的示波器， 或具有电压采样功能的集成芯片、 电路 模块等； 所述控制单元可采用现有的单片机、 DSP (数字信号处理器）等逻辑控制器件， 也可采用具有 比较功能的硬件电路。
在控制单元判定直流输入端正负极反接后， 需调换直流输入接线端子， 然后控制单元继续根据电压 采样单元的采样结果判定直流输入端正负极是否反接。 需要说明的是， 本实施例以及下述各实施例中， 在需要调换直流输入接线端子时， 既可由工作人员手动调换直流输入接线端子， 也可由控制单元自动调 换直流输入接线端子， 这里， 通过控制单元实现直流输入接线端子自动调换的方法属于现有技术， 不再 贅述。
控制单元除了根据其判定结果自动控制可控断开附件断开或吸合之外， 还具有提示功能， 该提示功 能可提示工作人员， 由工作人员手动控制可控断开附件断开或吸合； 其中， 控制单元提示的方式可以为 声提示和 /或光提示。
本实施例还提供一种直流输入设备， 其包括后级电路和上述直流输入端防反接保护电路。
如图 3所示，本实施例还提供一种直流输入端防反接保护方法，该方法可用于光伏并网发电系统中， 其包括如下步骤：
slOl. 实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号。
sl02. 根据步骤 slOl的采样结果判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则使直流输入端所 在电路与后级电路断开， 若判定正接， 则使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。 实施例 2:
本实施例提供一种直流输入端防反接保护电路， 其结构与图 2中示出的结构相似， 其也包括可控断 开附件、 电压采样单元和控制单元。
其中， 所述可控断开附件和电压采样单元的连接关系、 功能均与实施例 1相同， 所述控制单元具体 用于：
在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之后，
若所述电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压， 则判定直流输入端正负极 反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开；
若所述电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为正压， 则判定直流输入端正负极 正接， 并控制可控断开附件吸合。
所述控制单元采用现有的单片机、 DSP (数字信号处理器）等逻辑控制器件。
需要说明的是， 所述电压采样单元的采样结果包括： 实时采集到的直流输入端正负极之间的电压信 号， 以及根据所述电压信号能够直接得出的结论， 例如， 直流输入端正负极之间的电压是正压还是负压。
由于电压采样单元采集到的电压信号可能会存在一定的误差、 漂移或波动， 为了防止误判断， 优选 地， 所述控制单元内预设有负压正常值， 还用于在电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的 电压为负压时， 获取该负压值， 判断所述负压值是否比所述负压正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正 负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件吸合。 也就是说， 即使电压采样单元的采样结果为负压， 控制单元也不一定判定直流输入端正负极反接， 例如 该负压值没有超出规定的数值范围， 即没有比所述负压正常值高时， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接。 所 路所应用的系统的连续、 平稳运行， 在判定直流输入端正负极正、 反接时， 对控制单元获取的负压值比 其内预设的负压正常值高出的范围进一步地限定， 该范围可以设定为 0~50%, 即高出的范围可以在负压 正常值的 0~50%内进行选取。 优选地， 可将该范围设定为负压正常值的 10%, 即， 控制单元判断所述负 压值是否比所述负压正常值高出 10%或以上， 如果所述负压值比所述负压正常值高出 10%或以上， 则判 定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如果所述负压值没有比所述负压正常值高出 10% (即所述负压值小于或等于所述负压正常值的 110% )， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开 附件吸合。
下面通过图 4详述本实施例的直流输入端防反接保护电路的工作流程：
s201. 使直流输入端防反接保护电路上电。
s202. 通过电压采样单元实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号， 若电压采样单元的采样结果 为负压， 则执行步骤 s203， 若电压采样单元的采样结果为正压， 则执行步骤 s206 值高 （例如高出 10% )， 如是， 则执行步骤 s204, 如否， 则执行步骤 s206
s204. 控制单元判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开。
s205. 调换直流输入接线端子， 并返回步骤 s202
s206. 控制单元判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件吸合。
需要说明的是， 上述方案中， 在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之前， 控制单元并不知晓可控断开 附件的状态， 即可控断开附件可能处于断开状态， 也可能处于吸合状态， 如果可控断开附件处于断开状 态， 且直流输入端正负极反接， 则电压采样单元的采样结果一定为负压， 若直流输入端正负极正接， 则 电压采样单元的采样结果一定为正压； 而如果可控断开附件处于吸合状态， 则无论直流输入端正负极是 否反接， 电压采样单元的采样结果均为正压。 因此， 控制单元存在误判断的可能， 为避免控制单元误判 断， 优选地， 所述控制单元还用于， 在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之前， 控制可控断开附件断开。 从而克服了控制单元可能存在误判断的缺陷， 提高了电路的可靠性。
也就是说， 在步骤 s201之前还包括：
s200. 在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之前， 控制单元控制可控断开附件断开。
本实施例还提供一种直流输入设备， 其包括后级电路和上述直流输入端防反接保护电路。
如图 5所示， 本实施例还提供一种直流输入端防反接保护方法， 包括如下步骤：
s301. 实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号。
s302. 在直流输入端所在电路上电之后，
若步骤 s301的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间电压为负压， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若步骤 s301的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间电压为正压， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
需要说明的是， 所述步骤 s301的采样结果包括： 实时采集到的直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号， 以及根据所述电压信号能够直接得出的结论， 例如， 直流输入端正负极之间的电压是正压还是负压。
为避免误判断， 优选地， 所述步骤 s301之前还包括：
s300. 在直流输入端所在电路上电之前， 使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开。
由于采集到的电压信号可能会存在一定的误差、 漂移或波动， 为了防止误判断， 优选地， 所述步骤 s302还包括：
预设负压正常值；
在所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压时， 获取该负压值， 判断所述负压值是否比 所述负压正常值高 （可限定所述负压值比所述负压正常值高出的范围， 该范围可以设定为 0~50% , 即高 出的范围可以在负压正常值的 0~50%内进行选取， 优选地， 可将该范围设定为负压正常值的 10% )， 如
是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入 端正负极正接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
本实施例中的其他结构、 方法及作用都与实施例 1相同， 这里不再賛述。 实施例 3:
本实施例提供一种直流输入端防反接保护电路， 其结构与图 2中示出的结构相似， 其也包括可控断 开附件、 电压采样单元和控制单元。
其中， 所述可控断开附件和电压采样单元的连接关系、 功能均与实施例 1相同， 所述控制单元包括 第一比较电路， 即控制单元不需采用实施例 2所述的逻辑控制器件， 只需采用具有比较功能的硬件电路 即可控制可控断开附件吸合或断开。 所述第一比较电路可采用现有通用的比较器电路。
所述第一比较电路内预设有电压基准反向判断信号， 用于将所述电压采样单元实时采集到的直流输 入端正负极之间的电压信号与所述电压基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若该电压采样信号大于所述电压基 准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并输出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件断开； 若该电压采样信号小于或等于所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并输出相应 的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件吸合。 所述电压基准反向判断信号可由本领域技术人员根据直流输入 端正负极之间的电压情况自行设计。 所述数字电平信号可为高电平信号或低电平信号， 例如所述第一比 较电路输出高电平信号时， 可驱动可控断开附件断开； 输出低电平信号时， 可驱动可控断开附件吸合； 反之亦可。
本实施例还提供一种直流输入设备， 其包括后级电路和上述直流输入端防反接保护电路。
如图 6所示， 本实施例还提供一种直流输入端防反接保护方法， 包括如下步骤：
s401. 实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号。
s402. 预设电压基准反向判断信号；
将步骤 s401得到的电压采样信号与所述电压基准反向判断信号进行比较，若所述电压采样信号大于 所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开； 若所述电压采样信号小于或等于所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
本实施例中的其他结构、 方法及作用都与实施例 1相同， 这里不再賛述。 实施例 4:
如图 7所示， 本实施例提供一种直流输入端防反接保护电路， 其与实施例 2所述电路的区别是： 所述直流输入端防反接保护电路还包括电流采样单元， 所述电流采样单元连接在可控断开附件与后 级电路之间， 用于实时采集直流输入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号， 并将采样结果发送至控制单元； 所述电流采样单元可采用现有的示波器， 或具有电流采样功能的集成芯片、 电路模块等；
所述控制单元还与电流采样单元连接， 并用于在控制可控断开附件吸合后， 根据电流采样单元的采 样结果进一步判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则控制可控断开附件断开， 若判定正接，
则控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
优选地， 所述控制单元具体用于： 在控制可控断开附件吸合后， 若电流采样单元的采样结果是直流 输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为反向， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开； 若电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为正向， 则判定直流输入端 正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
需要说明的是， 所述采样结果为反向（即直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为反向）指的是， 直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的方向与正常情况下电流的方向相反； 所述采样结果为正向 （即直流 输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为正向）指的是， 直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的方向与正常 情况下电流的方向相同。 所述电流采样单元的采样结果包括： 实时采集到的直流输入端防反接保护电路 中的电流信号， 以及根据所述电流信号能够直接得出的结论， 例如， 直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流 的流向为正向还是反向。
由于电流采样单元采集到的电流信号可能会存在一定的误差、 漂移或波动， 为了防止误判断， 优选 地， 所述控制单元内预设有反向电流正常值， 还用于在电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保 护电路中电流的流向为反向时，获取该反向电流值，判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。 也就是说， 即使电流采样单元的采样结果为反向， 也不一定判定直流输 入端正负极反接， 例如该反向电流值没有超出规定的数值范围， 即没有比所述反向电流正常值高时， 则 判定直流输入端正负极正接。 所述反向电流正常值可由本领域技术人员根据直流输入端防反接保护电路 中电流的情况自行设定。 为了保证该保护电路所应用的系统的连续、 平稳运行， 在判定直流输入端正负 极正、 反接时， 对控制单元获取的反向电流值比其内预设的反向电流正常值高出的范围进一步地限定， 该范围可以设定为 0~50%, 即高出的范围可以在反向电流正常值的 0~50%内进行选取。 优选地， 可将该 范围设定为反向电流正常值的 10%, 即， 控制单元判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高出 10%或以上， 如果所述反向电流值比所述反向电流正常值高出 10%或以上， 则判定直流输入端正负极反 接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如果所述反向电流值没有比所述反向电流正常值高出 10% (即所述反向 电流值小于或等于所述反向电流正常值的 110% )， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件 保持吸合。
下面通过图 8详述直流输入端防反接保护电路的工作流程：
s501~s506分别与实施例 2中的 s201~s206相同， 不再贅述。
s507. 通过电流采样单元实时采集直流输入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号， 若电流采样单元的采 样结果为反向， 则执行步骤 s508, 若电流采样单元的采样结果为正向， 则执行步骤 s511
s508. 控制单元获取该反向电流值， 并根据其内预设的反向电流正常值判断所述反向电流值是否比 所述反向电流正常值多出 10%, 如是， 则执行步骤 s509, 如否， 则执行步骤 s511
s509. 控制单元判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开。
s510. 调换直流输入接线端子， 并返回步骤 s507
s511.控制单元判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
可见， 本实施例中的直流输入端防反接保护电路由于增加了电流采样单元， 在直流输入端防反接保 护电路上电之前， 如果可控断开附件处于断开状态， 则根据电压采样单元的采样结果就能判断直流输入 端正负极是否反接， 而电流采样单元进一步判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 起到了双重保护的作用； 在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之前， 如果可控断开附件处于吸合状态， 则根据电压采样单元的采样 结果判定直流输入端正负极是否反接时可能存在误判断， 而根据电流采样单元的采样结果即可进一步判 断直流输入端正负极是否反接， 因此电流采样单元克服了控制单元可能存在误判断的缺陷， 提高了电路 的可靠性。
本实施例还提供一种直流输入设备， 其包括后级电路和上述直流输入端防反接保护电路。
如图 9所示， 本实施例还提供一种直流输入端防反接保护方法， 包括如下步骤：
s601-s602与实施例 2中的 s301- s302相同， 不再贅述。
s603. 实时采集直流输入端所在电路中的电流信号；
s604. 在使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通后， 根据步骤 s603的采样结果进一步判定直流输入 端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开， 若判定正接， 则使直流输 入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
优选地， 所述步骤 s604具体为：
在使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通后，
若所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为反向， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为正向， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
需要说明的是， 所述步骤 s603的采样结果包括： 实时采集到的直流输入端所在电路中的电流信号， 以及根据所述电流信号能够直接得出的结论，例如， 直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为正向还是反向。
由于采集到的电流信号可能会存在一定的误差、 漂移或波动， 为了防止误判断， 优选地， 所述步骤 s604还包括：
预设反向电流正常值；
在所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为反向时， 获取该反向电流值， 判断所述反向 电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高 （可限定所述反向电流值比所述反向电流正常值高出的范围， 该范 围可以设定为 0~50% , 即高出的范围可以在反向电流正常值的 0~50%内进行选取， 优选地， 可将该范围 设定为负压正常值的 10% )， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路 断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
本实施例中的其他结构、 方法及作用都与实施例 2相同， 这里不再賛述。 实施例 5:
本实施例提供一种直流输入端防反接保护电路， 其结构与图 7中示出的结构相似， 其也包括可控断 开附件、 电压采样单元、 电流采样单元和控制单元。
其中， 所述控制单元包括第二比较电路。
所述第二比较电路内预设有电流基准反向判断信号， 用于将所述电流采样单元实时采集到的直流输 入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号与所述电流基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若该电流采样信号大于所述 电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并输出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件 断开； 若该电流采样信号小于或等于所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并输 出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件保持吸合。 所述电流基准反向判断信号可由本领域技术人员根 据直流输入端防反接保护电路中的电流情况自行设计。所述数字电平信号可为高电平信号或低电平信号， 例如所述第二比较电路输出高电平信号时， 驱动可控断开附件断开， 输出低电平信号时， 驱动可控断开 附件吸合； 反之亦可。 所述第二比较电路可采用现有通用的比较器电路。
本实施例还提供一种直流输入设备， 其包括后级电路和上述直流输入端防反接保护电路。
如图 10所示， 本实施例还提供一种直流输入端防反接保护方法， 包括如下步骤： s701-s703与实施例 4中的 s601-s603相同， 不再贅述。
s704. 预设电流基准反向判断信号；
将步骤 s703得到的电流采样信号与所述电流基准反向判断信号进行比较，若所述电流采样信号大于 所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开； 若所述电流采样信号小于或等于所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
本实施例中的其他结构、 方法及作用都与实施例 4相同， 这里不再賛述。 可以理解的是， 以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式， 然而本发明 并不局限于此。 对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言， 在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下， 可以做出 各种变型和改进， 这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims
1.一种直流输入端防反接保护电路，其特征在于， 包括： 可控断开附件、 电压采样单元和控制单元； 所述可控断开附件连接在直流输入端正负极与后级电路之间；
所述电压采样单元并联在直流输入端正负极之间，用于实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号， 并将采样结果发送至控制单元；
所述控制单元分别与电压采样单元和可控断开附件连接， 用于根据电压采样单元的采样结果判定直 流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则控制可控断开附件断开， 若判定正接， 则控制可控断开附件 吸合。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的电路， 其特征在于， 所述控制单元具体用于：
在直流输入端防反接保护电路上电之后，
若所述电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压， 则判定直流输入端正负极 反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开；
若所述电压采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为正压， 则判定直流输入端正负极 正接， 并控制可控断开附件吸合。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的电路， 其特征在于， 所述控制单元内预设有负压正常值， 还用于在电压采 样单元的采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压时， 获取该负压值， 判断所述负压值是否比所 述负压正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开， 如否， 则判定直流 输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件吸合。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的电路， 其特征在于， 在所述控制单元判断所述负压值是否比所述负压正常 值高时， 所述负压值比所述负压正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的电路， 其特征在于， 所述控制单元还用于： 在直流输入端防反接保护电路 上电之前， 控制可控断开附件断开。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的电路， 其特征在于，
所述控制单元包括第一比较电路；
所述第一比较电路内预设有电压基准反向判断信号， 用于将所述电压采样单元实时采集到的直流输 入端正负极之间的电压信号与所述电压基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若该电压采样信号大于所述电压基 准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并输出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件断开； 若该电压采样信号小于或等于所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并输出相应 的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件吸合。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6中任一项所述的电路， 其特征在于，
所述直流输入端防反接保护电路还包括电流采样单元， 所述电流采样单元连接在可控断开附件与后 级电路之间， 用于实时采集直流输入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号， 并将采样结果发送至控制单元； 所述控制单元还与电流采样单元连接， 还用于在控制可控断开附件吸合后， 根据电流采样单元的采 样结果进一步判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则控制可控断开附件断开， 若判定正接，
则控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的电路，其特征在于，所述控制单元具体用于： 在控制可控断开附件吸合后， 若电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为反向， 则判定直流输入端 正负极反接， 并控制可控断开附件断开；
若电流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为正向， 则判定直流输入端 正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的电路， 其特征在于， 所述控制单元内预设有反向电流正常值， 还用于在电 流采样单元的采样结果是直流输入端防反接保护电路中电流的流向为反向时， 获取该反向电流值， 判断 所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并控制可控断开 附件断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并控制可控断开附件保持吸合。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的电路， 其特征在于， 在所述控制单元判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反 向电流正常值高时， 所述反向电流值比所述反向电流正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%
11. 根据权利要求 7所述的电路， 其特征在于，
所述控制单元包括第二比较电路；
所述第二比较电路内预设有电流基准反向判断信号， 用于将所述电流采样单元实时采集到的直流输 入端防反接保护电路中的电流信号与所述电流基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若该电流采样信号大于所述 电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并输出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件 断开； 若该电流采样信号小于或等于所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并输 出相应的数字电平信号驱动可控断开附件保持吸合。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述的电路， 其特征在于， 所述可控断开附件采用可控的继电器、 接触器和脱 扣器中的任一种。
13. 一种直流输入设备， 其特征在于， 包括如权利要求 1-12中任一项所述的直流输入端防反接保护 电路。
14. 一种直流输入端防反接保护方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
1 ) 实时采集直流输入端正负极之间的电压信号；
2 )根据步骤 1 )的采样结果判定直流输入端正负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则使直流输入端所在电 路与后级电路断开， 若判定正接， 则使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 2 )具体为：
在直流输入端所在电路上电之后，
若所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为正压， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 2 )还包括：
预设负压正常值；
在所述采样结果是直流输入端正负极之间的电压为负压时， 获取该负压值， 判断所述负压值是否比 所述负压正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在判断所述负压值是否比所述负压正常值高时， 所 述负压值比所述负压正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%
18. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 1 )之前还包括： 在直流输入端所在电路 上电之前， 使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开。
19. 根据权利要求 14所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 2 )具体为：
预设电压基准反向判断信号；
将步骤 1 )得到的电压采样信号与所述电压基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若所述电压采样信号大于 所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开； 若所述电压采样信号小于等于所述电压基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输 入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
20. 根据权利要求 14-19中任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法还包括：
3 ) 实时采集直流输入端所在电路中的电流信号；
4 )在使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通后， 根据步骤 3 )的采样结果进一步判定直流输入端正 负极是否反接， 若判定反接， 则使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开， 若判定正接， 则使直流输入端 所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
21. 根据权利要求 20所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 4 )具体为： 在使直流输入端所在电路与 后级电路连通后，
若所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为反向， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为正向， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使 直流输入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
22. 根据权利要求 21所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 4 )还包括：
预设反向电流正常值；
在所述采样结果是直流输入端所在电路中电流的流向为反向时， 获取该反向电流值， 判断所述反向 电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值高， 如是， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路 与后级电路断开， 如否， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路连通。
23. 根据权利要求 22所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在判断所述反向电流值是否比所述反向电流正常值 高时， 所述反向电流值比所述反向电流正常值高出的范围设定为 0~50%
24. 根据权利要求 20所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 4 )具体为：
预设电流基准反向判断信号；
将步骤 3 )得到的电流采样信号与所述电流基准反向判断信号进行比较， 若所述电流采样信号大于 所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极反接， 并使直流输入端所在电路与后级电路断开；
若所述电流采样信号小于或等于所述电流基准反向判断信号， 则判定直流输入端正负极正接' 并使直流 输入端所在电路与后级电路保持连通。
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| CN103545804B (zh) * | 2013-07-23 | 2017-02-08 | 特变电工新疆新能源股份有限公司 | 一种直流输入端防反接保护电路和方法、直流输入设备 |
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| CN112510670B (zh) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-08-09 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | 防电源反接电路、配电装置及供配电系统 |
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