WO2015007126A1 - 一种电动车用电源系统 - Google Patents

一种电动车用电源系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015007126A1
WO2015007126A1 PCT/CN2014/079911 CN2014079911W WO2015007126A1 WO 2015007126 A1 WO2015007126 A1 WO 2015007126A1 CN 2014079911 W CN2014079911 W CN 2014079911W WO 2015007126 A1 WO2015007126 A1 WO 2015007126A1
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Prior art keywords
interface
power supply
power source
power
energy storage
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PCT/CN2014/079911
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪波
叶开志
周卫明
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苏州市莱赛电车技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2015007126A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015007126A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/18—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric vehicles, and more particularly to a power supply system for an electric vehicle. Background technique
  • An electric vehicle is a vehicle that is driven by a vehicle power source and drives the wheels with a motor to meet the requirements of road traffic and safety regulations.
  • An important factor restricting the widespread use of electric vehicles is that the capacity of the vehicle power supply is limited, so that its mileage is short.
  • Another factor is that charging and discharging are performed in different time periods, that is, when the vehicle is used for discharging, when charging at rest, in the vehicle power supply. After the power is used, it takes a long time to charge before it can be used normally.
  • the dual power supply technology currently in use is to add a high-rate energy storage auxiliary power supply based on the main power supply, which can be used to quickly recharge when the operation gap is short and the start station is short. At the same time, the main power supply is supplied to the motor when the vehicle accelerates or climbs.
  • the power-type auxiliary power supply system utilizes the advantage of its high power density, and can obtain supplementary power from the power grid to the maximum extent during the short-term stop of the cycle operation, so as to properly compensate for the main power energy consumption in the next-time operation.
  • This dual-supply technology increases the total available energy of the vehicle power supply during the whole vehicle operation to a certain extent, improves the mileage of the electric vehicle, and overcomes the need for the battery power of the general pure electric vehicle.
  • the shortcomings of time charging vehicles can be used normally.
  • the Chinese invention patent CN1304217C discloses a power supply for supplying electric power to a drive motor, wherein the main power source is in front, the auxiliary power source is in the rear, and the auxiliary power source supplies power to the motor.
  • the utility model is suitable for a high-speed motor with adjustable speed range, which is a speed-changing passenger car, so that the power output battery has a wide output power.
  • the function of the front power source is mainly to charge the rear power source for a long time by using the large storage energy of the one-time charging, which is the main power source and does not change the vehicle. The amount of power used depends on the status of the total amount of vehicle power.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power supply system for an electric vehicle having a relatively stable power and a low speed, which can continuously charge the power source during running of the vehicle, and can be charged in a large amount in a short time.
  • the present invention provides a power supply system for an electric vehicle, comprising: a power source capable of supplying power to a drive system and an auxiliary device; the power source having a first charging interface, and a first ground charging device Connecting; an energy storage power source, capable of charging the power source, or supplying power to the driving system and the auxiliary device, and simultaneously sharing the braking feedback energy of the driving system; the energy storage power source is charged with the second ground a second charging interface connected to the device; a high voltage power distribution device connected to the power source, the energy storage power source, the auxiliary device and the driving system, and controlling the connection or disconnection by controlling an interface in the high voltage power distribution device
  • the power supply and the energy storage power supply; the high voltage power distribution device includes a first
  • the third interface is connected to the high voltage auxiliary device, the fourth interface is connected to the power source through a protection circuit, the fifth interface is connected to the power source, and the sixth interface is connected to the drive system.
  • the seventh interface is connected to a brake feedback circuit of the drive system, and the eighth interface is connected to the energy storage power source.
  • the power supply system for electric vehicles defined by the above technical solutions can make full use of the advantages of large energy storage of the power source; at the same time, the energy storage power source utilizes multiple times, extremely short time charging, and is divided into auxiliary load or power source charging, which can effectively Extend the energy supply during the whole operation time after the primary power supply is exogenously charged, and achieve the purpose of increasing the driving range, and use the activation of the main power source for a plurality of short-term periods to prolong its life.
  • the power supply system for an electric vehicle defined by the above technical solution can solve the problems brought by different voltage platform power sources in the use of the existing two power independent working systems, regardless of the starting period or the normal driving period.
  • the main power supply is mainly used as a main load (drive system) to improve reliability.
  • the auxiliary power supply preferentially supplies power to the auxiliary load (air conditioner, power steering, electric air pump, fan, etc.), and the remaining main power is charged.
  • the feedback energy preferentially applies the portion acceptable to the main power source to the main power source (energy type), and the remainder to the auxiliary power source (power type).
  • the main power source is activated and recharged with appropriate small energy, and the service life is longer and the energy utilization rate is higher.
  • the auxiliary device includes a high voltage auxiliary device and a low voltage auxiliary device respectively connected to the high voltage power distribution device.
  • the power supply system for an electric vehicle controls the connection and disconnection of the high-voltage power distribution device through a vehicle controller, thereby implementing various working states;
  • the second interface, the third interface, and the fourth interface are simultaneously connected to the first interface, and the fifth interface and the sixth interface are connected to implement charging of the high-voltage auxiliary device and the low-voltage auxiliary device and the power supply by the energy storage power source.
  • the power source separately supplies power to the driving system; in the second working state, the sixth interface, the second interface, and the third interface are simultaneously connected with the fifth interface, thereby realizing the power supply separately to the high voltage auxiliary device and the low voltage auxiliary device and the driving system powered by; In the third working state, the sixth interface, the second interface, and the third interface are simultaneously connected to the first interface and the fifth interface, thereby realizing parallel connection between the energy storage power source and the power source, and jointly supporting the high voltage auxiliary device and the low voltage auxiliary device And the driving system is powered; in the fourth working state, the sixth interface, the second interface, and the third interface are simultaneously connected with the first interface, so that the energy storage power source separately supplies power to the high voltage auxiliary device and the low voltage auxiliary device and the driving system; Working state, the seventh interface and the fourth interface are connected to realize braking feedback to charge the power source; in the sixth working state, the seventh interface and the eighth interface are connected to realize braking feedback to charge the energy storage power source; The fourth interface and the eighth interface are connected to the seventh
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that: the power supply system for an electric vehicle of the invention adds an energy storage power source, and on the one hand, when the vehicle is shortly suspended, the vehicle power source can download the foreign aid power to the maximum extent, and at the same time, can drive the power during the driving process of the vehicle.
  • the power supply is continuously charged, which effectively increases the capacity of the power supply. At the same time, it can protect the power supply and effectively extend the life of the power supply.
  • the characteristics of the energy storage power supply can be charged in a short time, which is especially suitable for timing such as buses. A vehicle that is docked for a short time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a power supply system for an electric vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of another preferred embodiment of the power supply system for an electric vehicle according to the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention includes: A power supply system for an electric vehicle, comprising: a power source and a power source.
  • the power source is connected to the driving system and the auxiliary device, and mainly supplies power to the driving system;
  • the power source further has a first charging interface, which can be connected to the ground charging device 1;
  • the power source is an energy battery.
  • the energy type battery generally has a relatively large capacity and can provide a relatively long-lasting energy supply for the electric equipment.
  • the energy storage power source is charged to the power source through a DC/DC converter while absorbing the brake feedback energy of the drive system; the energy storage power source has a second charging interface connected to the ground charging device 2 .
  • the energy storage power source is a super capacitor or a power battery or a nickel hydrogen battery. Particularly preferred is a super capacitor.
  • the energy storage power source is connected to an auxiliary device such as a vehicle air conditioner through a DC/DC converter, and supplies power to the auxiliary device.
  • the first switch is installed on the power supply line of the auxiliary device, and the auxiliary power device is normally powered by the energy storage power source.
  • the first switch When the remaining power of the energy storage power source is insufficient to provide the auxiliary device, the first switch The changeover switch is switched to a state in which power is supplied to the auxiliary device by the power source.
  • the energy storage power source can also directly supply power to the driving system, and a fast switching switch is installed on the power supply line of the driving system.
  • the driving system requires high power kinetic energy, for example, the state of the car starting the climbing, the starting point is The fast switching switch performs fast switching between the energy storage power source and the power source, so that the energy storage power source and the power source simultaneously supply power to the driving system.
  • all charging and discharging processes are managed by the vehicle controller.
  • the capacity of the energy storage power source is smaller than the capacity of the power source, and is mainly discharged to the drive system by the power source energy.
  • the capacity of the energy storage power source and the capacity ratio of the power source are 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 or 1:5.
  • a battery reverse charging circuit is further connected between the power source and the energy storage source to prevent the power source from being reversely charged to the energy storage source.
  • the super capacitor mainly has the following advantages: 1) The charging speed is fast, and the charging can reach more than 95% of its rated capacity in 10 seconds to 10 minutes; (2) the cycle life is long, and the deep charging and discharging cycle can be used.
  • a power supply system for an electric vehicle includes: a power source capable of supplying power to a driving system and an auxiliary device; the power source having a first charging interface connected to the first ground charging device; a power source capable of charging the power source or supplying power to the drive system and the auxiliary device while absorbing the brake feedback energy of the drive system; the energy storage power source has a second charging interface connected to the second ground charging device a high-voltage power distribution device, connected to the power source, the energy storage power source, the auxiliary device, and the driving system, and controlling the power source and the energy storage power source by controlling an interface connection or disconnection in the high-voltage power distribution device jobs.
  • the auxiliary device includes a high voltage auxiliary device and a low voltage auxiliary device respectively connected to the high voltage power distribution device.
  • the high voltage power distribution device includes a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, a fourth interface, a fifth interface, a sixth interface, a seventh interface, and an eighth interface, where the first interface passes through a DC/DC circuit and The energy storage power source is connected, the second interface is connected to the low voltage auxiliary device through a DC/DC circuit, the third interface is connected to the high voltage auxiliary device, and the fourth interface passes through a protection circuit and the power a power connection, the fifth interface is connected to the power source, the sixth interface is connected to the drive system, the seventh interface is connected to a brake feedback circuit of the drive system, and the eighth interface is The energy storage power source is connected.
  • the power supply system for the electric vehicle controls the connection and disconnection of the high-voltage power distribution device by the vehicle controller, thereby realizing various working states;
  • the first working state, the second interface, the third interface, and the fourth interface Simultaneously communicating with the first interface, the fifth interface and the sixth interface are connected to realize charging of the high-voltage auxiliary device and the low-voltage auxiliary device power supply and the power supply by the energy storage power source, and the power supply separately supplies power to the driving motor;
  • the sixth interface, the second interface, and the third interface are connected to the fifth interface at the same time, and the power supply is separately supplied to the high voltage auxiliary device and the low voltage auxiliary device and the driving motor;
  • the third working state, the The six interfaces, the second interface, and the third interface are simultaneously connected with the first interface and the fifth interface, thereby realizing parallel connection of the energy storage power source and the power source, and jointly supplying power to the high voltage auxiliary device and the low voltage auxiliary device and the driving system;
  • the power supply system for the electric vehicle of the invention mainly utilizes the advantages of fast charging speed, long cycle life and large capacity of the super capacitor, and controls the discharge speed of the super capacitor through the DC/DC converter to realize the effect of fast charging and slow release. It is especially suitable for vehicles such as buses that are scheduled to stop at a short time. During a short period of time, the energy storage power supply composed of super capacitors is charged, and it can reach more than 95% of its rated capacity after charging for about 10 minutes. .
  • the energy storage power source continuously charges the power source, effectively increases the capacity of the power source, increases the travelable distance of the vehicle, and protects the movement at the same time. Power supply, effectively extend the life of the power supply.
  • the energy storage power source absorbs the braking feedback energy of the driving system and increases the electric energy.
  • the voltage of the energy storage power source is less than the voltage of the power source, in order to prevent the power source from reversely charging the energy storage power source, it can be realized by preventing the battery reverse charging circuit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动车用电源系统，包括：一动力电源，向驱动系统供电；动力电源上有第一充电接口，与第一地面充电装置连接；一储能电源，通过DC/DC变换器向动力电源充电，同时吸收驱动系统的制动回馈能量；储能电源上有与第二地面充电装置连接的第二充电接口；高压配电装置包括第一至第八接口，第一接口通过DC/DC电路和储能电源连接，第二接口通过DC/DC电路和低压辅助设备连接，第三接口和高压辅助设备连接，第四接口及第五接口均与动力电源连接，第六接口与动力系统连接，第七接口和动力系统的制动回馈电路连接，第八接口和储能电源连接。此电源系统可以有效增加动力电源的容量，同时可保护动力电源有效延长动力电源的寿命。

Description

一种电动车用电源系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电动车领域， 尤其涉及一种电动车用电源系统。 背景技术
电动汽车是指以车载电源为动力， 用电机驱动车轮行驶， 符合道路交通、 安全法规各项要求的车辆。 由于对环境影响相对传统汽车较小， 其前景被广泛 看好。 目前制约电动车广泛应用的一个重要因素是由于车载电源的容量有限， 使 其行驶里程短； 再一个因素是充电和放电是分时段进行的， 即车辆使用时放电， 休息时充电， 在车载电源的电量用罄后， 需要较长时间的充电才可以正常使用。 当前所釆用的双电源技术是在主电源的基础上增加一个高倍率储能辅助电 源， 用于在作业间隙短暂停靠始末站时可快速补电。 同时， 车辆加速或爬坡时 协助主电源向电机供电。 功率型辅助电源系统利用其功率密度大的优点， 在循 环作业始末站短暂停留时， 可最大限度地从电网获取补充电力， 以适当弥补下 程作业时的主电源能量消耗。 这种双电源技术在一定程度增加了车载电源的在 整车作业过程中的可使用总能量， 改善了电动车的行驶里程， 克服了一般纯电 动车车载主电源的电量用罄后需要较长时间的充电车辆才可以正常使用的缺 点。 中国发明专利 CN1304217C披露了一种将电力供应至驱动马达的电源， 其 中， 主电源在前， 辅电源在后， 辅电源为电机供电。 其适用于功率范围变化较 大的可调速的高速电机， 即速度急变的乘用车用， 故利用的是功率型电池输出 功率宽泛的特点。 另外， 该文献披露的技术方案中， 前电源的作用主要是用一 次性充电的大储能量， 来长时间地给后电源充电， 是主电源， 并未改变车辆可 使用电量取决于车载电量总量的状态。 另外， 该专利技术方案中的两电源的连 接只有串联一种方式， 当辅助电源的大功率的能量输出大于主电源平稳的能量 输入一段时间后， 辅电源就失去了功率调节的作用。 中国发明专利 CN1187208C公开了一种电动车超级电容辅助电源系统， 该文 献披露的技术方案中的两个电源之间的关系为各自独立工作， 即在车辆起步阶 段（例如， 在时速 20公里 /小时以内）， 使用功率型电源单独工作； 在速度稳定 在 20公里 /小时以上的正常行驶期， 使用主电源供电， 此为目前电混合动力客 车的较常用车载电源。 使用中不同电压平台切换时也可能存在问题。 发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有相对稳定功率低速的电动车用 电源系统， 能够在汽车行驶过程中对动力电源持续充电， 并可在短时间内大量 充电。 为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供的一种电动车用电源系统， 包括： 一动力电源， 能向驱动系统和辅助设备供电； 所述动力电源上有第一充电 接口， 与第一地面充电装置连接； 一储能电源， 能向所述动力电源充电， 或向驱动系统和辅助设备供电， 同 时可分担吸收所述驱动系统的制动回馈能量； 所述储能电源上有与第二地面充 电装置连接的第二充电接口； 一高压配电装置， 与所述动力电源、 储能电源、 辅助设备和驱动系统连接， 通过控制所述高压配电装置中的接口连接或断开， 控制所述动力电源和储能电 源的工作； 所述高压配电装置包括第一接口、 第二接口、 第三接口、 第四接口、 第五 接口、 第六接口、 第七接口和第八接口， 所述第一接口通过 DC/DC电路和所述 储能电源连接， 所述第二接口通过 DC/DC电路和所述低压辅助设备连接， 所述 第三接口和所述高压辅助设备连接， 所述第四接口通过保护电路和所述动力电 源连接， 所述第五接口和所述动力电源连接， 所述第六接口和所述驱动系统连 接， 所述第七接口和所述驱动系统的制动回馈电路连接， 所述第八接口和所述 储能电源连接。 以上技术方案所定义的电动车用电源系统可以充分利用动力电源的储能量 大的优势； 同时储能电源利用多次、 极短时间的充电， 分次为辅负载或者动力 电源充电， 可有效以延长主电源一次外源性充电后的在全途作业时间的能量供 应， 达到增大续驶里程的目的， 并且， 利用多次短中时段对主电源的激活， 延 长其寿命。 另外， 以上技术方案所定义的电动车用电源系统可以解决了现有的 两个电源独立工作系统的使用中的不同电压平台电源在切换时带来的问题， 不 论起步期还是正常行驶期， 都主要以主电源为主负载 （驱动系统）供电， 从而 提高可靠性。 辅助电源优先为辅负载（空调、 助力转向、 电动打气泵、 风机等） 供电， 剩余为主电源充电。 在制动能量反馈的方式上， 本发明的系统中， 反馈 能量将主电源可接受的部分优先加到主电源 (能量型 )上， 剩余加到辅电源 (功 率型）上。 这样主电源得到适当小能量的激活和补电， 使用寿命更长， 能量利 用率也更高。 在本发明一个较佳实施例中， 所述辅助设备包括分别和所述高压配电装置 连接的高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备。 在本发明一个较佳实施例中， 所述电动车用电源系统通过整车控制器控制 所述高压配电装置的连接和断开， 从而实现多种工作状态； 第一工作状态， 所述第二接口、 第三接口、 第四接口同时和第一接口连通， 所述第五接口和第六接口连通， 实现所述储能电源对高压辅助设备和低压辅助 设备供电及动力电源的充电， 所述动力电源单独对驱动系统供电； 第二工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第五接口连通， 实现了动力电源单独对高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备及驱动系统供电； 第三工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第一接口、 第 五接口连通， 实现了储能电源和动力电源的并联， 并共同对高压辅助设备和低 压辅助设备和驱动系统供电； 第四工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第一接口连通， 实现储能电源单独对高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备及驱动系统供电； 第五工作状态， 所述第七接口和第四接口连通实现制动回馈对动力电源充 电； 第六工作状态， 所述第七接口和第八接口连通实现制动回馈对储能电源充 电； 第七工作状态， 所述第四接口、 第八接口同时和第七接口连通实现制动回 馈对储能电源及动力电源同时充电。 本发明的有益效果是： 本发明电动车用电源系统， 增加一个储能电源， 一 方面在车辆短暂停靠始末站时， 车载电源能最大幅度地下载外援电力， 同时能 够在汽车行驶过程中对动力电源持续充电， 有效增加动力电源的容量， 同时可 保护动力电源有效延长动力电源的寿命； 另一方面储能电源的特性可在短时间 内大量充电， 特别适用于如公交车之类的会定时定点进行短时间停靠的车辆。 附图说明
图 1是本发明电动车用电源系统一较佳实施例的结构示意图； 图 2是本发明电动车用电源系统另一较佳实施例的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述， 以使本发明的优点和 特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解， 从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚 明确的界定。 请参阅图 1 , 本发明实施例包括： 一种电动车用电源系统， 包括： 动力电源和储能电源两个电源。 所述动力电源与驱动系统、 辅助设备相连接， 主要向所述驱动系统供电； 所述动力电源上还有第一充电接口， 可与地面充电装置 1 连接； 所述动力电源 为能量型电池， 所述能量型电池通常具有比较大的容量， 能够为用电设备提供 比较持久的能源供给。 所述储能电源， 通过 DC/DC变换器， 向所述动力电源充电， 同时吸收所述 驱动系统的制动回馈能量； 所述储能电源上有第二充电接口， 与地面充电装置 2 连接。 所述储能电源为超级电容或功率型电池或镍氢电池。 特别优选为超级电 容。 所述储能电源通过 DC/DC变换器， 与车载空调等辅助设备连接， 向所述辅 助设备供电。 在辅助设备的供电线路上安装所述第一切换开关， 正常情况下由 所述储能电源向所述辅助设备供电， 当储能电源的剩余电量不足以提供辅助设 备使用时， 所述第一切换开关切换至由所述动力电源向所述辅助设备供电的状 态。 所述储能电源还可直接向所述驱动系统供电， 在所述驱动系统的供电线路 上安装有快速切换开关， 当驱动系统需要大功率动能时， 比如汽车启动爬坡的 状态， 则启动所述快速切换开关， 所述快速切换开关在储能电源和动力电源之 间进行快速切换， 使得所述储能电源和所述动力电源同时向驱动系统供电。 本发明电动车用电源系统， 所有充放电过程受整车控制器管理。 所述储能 电源的容量小于所述动力电源的容量， 主要靠动力电源能量放电给驱动系统。 优选地，所述储能电源的容量和所述动力电源的容量比例为 1 :2、 1 :3、 1 :4或 1 :5。 优选地， 所述动力电源和所述储能电源之间还连接有防止电池反向充电电 路， 防止所述动力电源向所述储能电源反向充电。 所述超级电容主要有以下优点： 1 )充电速度快， 充电 10秒〜 10分钟可达 到其额定容量的 95%以上； （2 )循环使用寿命长， 深度充放电循环使用次数可 达 1~50万次， 没有"记忆效应"； （3 ) 大电流放电能力超强， 能量转换效率高， 过程损失小， 大电流能量循环效率≥90%； ( 4 ) 功率密度高， 可达 300W/KG-5000W/KG, 相当于电池的 5~10倍； （5 )产品原材料构成、 生产、 使 用、 储存以及拆解过程均没有污染， 是理想的绿色环保电源； （6 ) 充放电线路 简单， 无需充电电池那样的充电电路， 安全系数高， 长期使用免维护； （7 )超 低温特性好， 温度范围宽 -40 °C ~ +70 °C ; ( 8 )检测方便， 剩余电量可直接读出； ( 9 )容量大， 容量范围通常 0.1F--1000F 。 请参阅图 2, —种电动车用电源系统， 包括： 一动力电源， 能向驱动系统和辅助设备供电； 所述动力电源上有第一充电 接口， 与第一地面充电装置连接； 一储能电源， 能向所述动力电源充电， 或向驱动系统和辅助设备供电， 同 时吸收所述驱动系统的制动回馈能量； 所述储能电源上有与第二地面充电装置 连接的第二充电接口； 一高压配电装置， 与所述动力电源、 储能电源、 辅助设备和驱动系统连接， 通过控制所述高压配电装置中的接口连接或断开， 控制所述动力电源和储能电 源的工作。 所述辅助设备包括分别和所述高压配电装置连接的高压辅助设备和低压辅 助设备。 所述高压配电装置包括第一接口、 第二接口、 第三接口、 第四接口、 第五 接口、 第六接口、 第七接口和第八接口， 所述第一接口通过 DC/DC电路和所述 储能电源连接， 所述第二接口通过 DC/DC电路和所述低压辅助设备连接， 所述 第三接口和所述高压辅助设备连接， 所述第四接口通过保护电路和所述动力电 源连接， 所述第五接口和所述动力电源连接， 所述第六接口和所述驱动系统连 接， 所述第七接口和所述驱动系统的制动回馈电路连接， 所述第八接口和所述 储能电源连接。 所述电动车用电源系统通过整车控制器控制所述高压配电装置的连接和断 开， 从而实现多种工作状态； 第一工作状态， 所述第二接口、 第三接口、 第四接口同时和第一接口连通， 所述第五接口和第六接口连通， 实现所述储能电源对高压辅助设备和低压辅助 设备供电及动力电源的充电， 所述动力电源单独对驱动电机供电； 第二工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第五接口连通， 实现了动力电源单独对高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备及驱动电机供电； 第三工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第一接口、 第 五接口连通， 实现了储能电源和动力电源的并联， 并共同对高压辅助设备和低 压辅助设备和驱动系统供电； 第四工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第一接口连通， 实现储能电源单独对高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备及驱动系统供电； 第五工作状态， 所述第七接口和第四接口连通实现制动回馈对动力电源充 电；
第六工作状态， 所述第七接口和第八接口连通实现制动回馈对储能电源充 电；
第七工作状态， 所述第四接口、 第八接口同时和第七接口连通实现制动回 馈对储能电源及动力电源同时充电。 本发明电动车用电源系统， 主要利用超级电容充电速度快、 循环使用寿命 长和容量大的优点， 并通过 DC/DC变换器控制超级电容的放电速度， 实现快充 慢放的效果。 特别适用于如公交车之类的会定时定点进行短时间停靠的车辆， 在短时间停靠期间， 对超级电容构成的储能电源进行充电， 充电 10分钟左右就 可达到其额定容量的 95%以上。 在汽车行驶过程中， 所述储能电源对动力电源 持续充电， 有效增加动力电源的容量， 增加汽车的可行驶距离， 同时可保护动 力电源， 有效延长动力电源的寿命。 在汽车行驶过程中， 所述储能电源吸收所述驱动系统的制动回馈能量， 增 加电能。 当所述储能电源的电压小于动力电源的电压时， 为防止动力电源对储 能电源的反向充电， 可通过防止电池反向充电电路来实现。 以上所述仅为本发明的实施例， 并非因此限制本发明的专利范围， 凡是利 用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换， 或直接或间接运 用在其他相关的技术领域， 均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种电动车用电源系统， 其特征在于， 包括：
一动力电源， 能向驱动系统和辅助设备供电； 所述动力电源上有第一充电 接口， 与第一地面充电装置连接；
一储能电源， 能向所述动力电源充电， 或向驱动系统和辅助设备供电， 同 时分担吸收所述驱动系统的制动回馈能量； 所述储能电源上有与第二地面 充电装置连接的第二充电接口；
一高压配电装置， 与所述动力电源、 储能电源、 辅助设备和驱动系统连接， 通过控制所述高压配电装置中的接口连接或断开， 控制所述动力电源和储 能电源的工作；
所述高压配电装置包括第一接口、 第二接口、 第三接口、 第四接口、 第五 接口、 第六接口、 第七接口和第八接口， 所述第一接口通过 DC/DC电路和 所述储能电源连接， 所述第二接口通过 DC/DC电路和所述低压辅助设备连 接， 所述第三接口和所述高压辅助设备连接， 所述第四接口通过保护电路 和所述动力电源连接， 所述第五接口和所述动力电源连接， 所述第六接口 和所述驱动系统连接， 所述第七接口和所述驱动系统的制动回馈电路连接， 所述第八接口和所述储能电源连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动车用电源系统， 其特征在于， 所述辅助设备 包括分别和所述高压配电装置连接的高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的电动车用电源系统， 其特征在于， 所述电动车用 电源系统由整车控制器根据储能电源、 动力电源、 驱动系统和辅助设备的 不同状态和需求， 控制所述高压配电装置的连接和断开， 从而形成控制命 令， 实现多种工作状态；
第一工作状态， 所述第二接口、 第三接口、 第四接口同时和第一接口连通， 所述第五接口和第六接口连通， 实现所述储能电源对高压辅助设备和低压 辅助设备供电及动力电源的充电， 所述动力电源单独对驱动系统供电； 第二工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第五接口连通， 实现了动力电源单独对高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备及驱动系统供电； 第三工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第一接口、 第 五接口连通， 实现了储能电源和动力电源的并联， 并共同对高压辅助设备 和低压辅助设备和驱动系统供电；
第四工作状态， 所述第六接口、 第二接口、 第三接口同时和第一接口连通， 实现储能电源单独对高压辅助设备和低压辅助设备及驱动系统供电； 第五工作状态 , 所述第七接口和第四接口连通实现制动回馈对动力电源充 电； 第六工作状态， 所述第七接口和第八接口连通实现制动回馈对储能电源充 电；
第七工作状态， 所述第四接口、 第八接口同时和第七接口连通实现制动回 馈对储能电源及动力电源同时充电。
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