WO2015004509A1 - Apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration - Google Patents

Apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015004509A1
WO2015004509A1 PCT/IB2013/056890 IB2013056890W WO2015004509A1 WO 2015004509 A1 WO2015004509 A1 WO 2015004509A1 IB 2013056890 W IB2013056890 W IB 2013056890W WO 2015004509 A1 WO2015004509 A1 WO 2015004509A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
reservoir
energy
primary conduit
conduit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2013/056890
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ashutosh Mishra
Original Assignee
Ashutosh Mishra
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ashutosh Mishra filed Critical Ashutosh Mishra
Publication of WO2015004509A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015004509A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/005Installations wherein the liquid circulates in a closed loop ; Alleged perpetua mobilia of this or similar kind
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/08Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for removing foreign matter, e.g. mud
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the disclosure generally relates to power generation devices, more specifically an apparatus for generating power utilizing the inherent potential energy in a column of fluid. Further, the present disclosure also relates to the use of the apparatus for filtering fluids.
  • an apparatus for power generation is provided. Further, the apparatus can be configured to filter fluids.
  • the present disclosure provides for an apparatus comprising of at least one reservoir of predetermined shape and size, and at least one primary conduit of predetermined shape and size.
  • the at least one reservoir is configured to store fluid and the at least one primary conduit is fluidly connected to the at least one reservoir where the volume of the at least one primary conduit is less than the volume of the at least one reservoir when the fluid is at same level in the at least one primary conduit and the at least one reservoir.
  • the apparatus comprises of at least one energy extraction means, placed within the fluid at a point inside the at least one reservoir or inside the at least one conduit or at a point between the at least one reservoir and the at least one conduit, and at least one fluid evacuation means fluidly connected to the at least one primary conduit to evacuate fluid from the at least one primary conduit.
  • at least one energy conversion means connected to the at least one energy extraction means is provided in the apparatus such that the energy extracted using the at least one energy extraction means is converted to a usable form of energy.
  • At least one pressure based membrane filtration assembly is provided within the fluid at a point inside the at least one reservoir or inside the at least one primary conduit or at a point between the at least one reservoir and the at least one primary conduit for filtering the fluid, with at least one secondary conduit fluidly connected to the pressure based membrane filtration assembly and at least one fluid evacuation means fluidly connected to the secondary conduit to evacuate fluid from the at least one secondary conduit.
  • the at least one reservoir is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
  • the at least one primary conduit is disposed outside of the at least one reservoir.
  • the at least one primary conduit is disposed inside the at least one reservoir.
  • the at least one fluid evacuation means is but not limited to a pump.
  • the at least one energy extraction means is but not limited to a turbine.
  • the at least one energy conversion means is an electric generator.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of generating power, using the apparatus as described hereinabove.
  • the method comprising acts of maintaining the at least one reservoir and the at least one primary conduit in hydrostatic equilibrium by having the fluid in the at least one primary conduit at same level as in the at least one reservoir; evacuating fluid from the at least one primary conduit using the at least one fluid evacuation means; wherein the evacuation of fluid from the at least one primary conduit disturbs the hydrostatic equilibrium and generates a pressure gradient in the fluid; wherein the pressure gradient generated forces the fluid to flow and actuate the at least one energy extraction means which further acts on the at least one energy conversion means to generate power in a usable form of energy.
  • the fluid evacuated from the at least one primary conduit is circulated back into the at least one reservoir forming a closed circuit.
  • fluid is evacuated out of the apparatus from the at least one primary conduit while simultaneously fluid is allowed to flow into the at least one reservoir, through an inlet of the apparatus, from external environment such as industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid; forming an open circuit.
  • the present disclosure provides for a method of filtering fluids using the apparatus.
  • the method comprising an act of separating fluid into permeate and retentate, using the pressure based membrane filtration assembly, aided wholly or in part by the ambient fluid pressure and the pressure gradient generated in the apparatus.
  • the retentate and permeate are evacuated separately through the at least one primary conduit and the at least one secondary conduit respectively. Further, the reservoir is allowed to be refilled, with fluid to be filtered, from the external environment, wherein the external environment may be but not limited to industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered.
  • type of the at least one membrane based filtration assembly is selected from a group comprising reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation and pervaporation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation, wherein an energy conversion means is placed within the apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration, wherein an energy conversion means is placed within the apparatus and the apparatus is incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation, wherein an energy conversion means is placed outside the apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration, wherein an energy conversion means is placed outside the apparatus and the apparatus is incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation comprising a primary conduit placed within the reservoir according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed within the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid.
  • the reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the base of the reservoir 11 ahead of the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially vertical.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy.
  • the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump.
  • the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine. Further, volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit
  • the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid.
  • the Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy.
  • the potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11.
  • both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations.
  • the hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating a predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14.
  • the actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction.
  • potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14.
  • the energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is circulated back to the reservoir 11.
  • the Apparatus 10 forms a closed circuit. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 is less than the energy generated and thus the Apparatus 10 forms a self-sustained apparatus for power generation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed within the Apparatus 10, a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid.
  • the reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
  • the reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12.
  • both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other.
  • Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the base of the reservoir 11 ahead of the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12.
  • Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially vertical.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy.
  • the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump.
  • the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine.
  • volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11.
  • the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid.
  • the potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11.
  • the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations.
  • the hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14.
  • the actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction.
  • potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14.
  • the energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is pumped outside the Apparatus 10 while the reservoir 11 is allowed to be refilled, from the external environment, through inlet 20 of the Apparatus 10 and thus the Apparatus 10 forms an open circuit.
  • the external environment may be but not limited to industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered.
  • a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 is provided within the fluid at a point between the at least one reservoir 11 and the at least one primary conduit 12.
  • a secondary conduit 18 is fiuidly connected to the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 for carrying permeate.
  • the permeate is fluid that is filtered out using the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17.
  • a fluid evacuation means 15a is fiuidly connected to the secondary conduit 18 to evacuate permeate from the secondary conduit 18. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a is equal or less than the energy generated and thus the apparatus 10 forms a self-sustained apparatus for fluid filtration or power generation and fluid filtration.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed outside the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid.
  • the reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
  • the reservoir 11 is fiuidly connected with a primary conduit 12.
  • both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other.
  • Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially horizontal.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fiuidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy.
  • the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump.
  • the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine.
  • volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11.
  • the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid.
  • the Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy.
  • the potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11.
  • both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations.
  • the hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14.
  • the actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction.
  • potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14.
  • the energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is circulated back to the reservoir 11.
  • the Apparatus 10 forms a closed circuit. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 is less than the energy generated and thus the apparatus 10 forms a self-sustained apparatus for power generation.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed outside the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid.
  • the reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
  • the reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12.
  • both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other.
  • Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12.
  • Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially horizontal.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy.
  • the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump.
  • the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine.
  • volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11.
  • the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid.
  • the Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy.
  • the potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11.
  • both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations.
  • the hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14.
  • the actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction.
  • potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14.
  • the energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is pumped outside the Apparatus 10 while the reservoir 11 is allowed to be refilled, from the external environment, through inlet 20 of the Apparatus 10 and thus the Apparatus 10 forms an open circuit.
  • the external environment may be but not limited to industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered.
  • a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 is provided within the fluid at a point between the at least one reservoir 11 and the at least one primary conduit 12.
  • a secondary conduit 18 is fluidly connected to the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 for carrying permeate. The permeate is fluid that is filtered out using the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17.
  • a fluid evacuation means 15a is fluidly connected to the secondary conduit 18 to evacuate permeate from the secondary conduit 18. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a is equal or less than the energy generated and thus the apparatus 10 becomes a self-sustained apparatus for fluid filtration or power generation and fluid filtration.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 comprising the primary conduit 12 within the reservoir 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed within the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid.
  • the reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
  • the reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12.
  • both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other. Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape.
  • the primary conduit 12 is placed within the reservoir 11.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the base of the conduit 12 at the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially vertical.
  • the Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy.
  • the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12.
  • the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump.
  • the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine.
  • volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11.
  • the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid.
  • the Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy. The potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11.
  • both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations.
  • the hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the Apparatus 10 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14. The actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction. Thus, potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14. The energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
  • the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is circulated back to the reservoir 11.
  • the Apparatus 10 forms a closed circuit. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 is less than the energy generated and thus the Apparatus 10 form a self- sustained apparatus for power generation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The disclosure generally relates to power generation devices, more specifically an apparatus for generating power utilizing the inherent potential energy in a column of fluid. Further, the present disclosure also relates to the use of the apparatus for filtering fluids.

Description

APPARATUS FOR POWER GENERATION AND/OR FLUID FILTRATION TECHNICAL FIELD
The disclosure generally relates to power generation devices, more specifically an apparatus for generating power utilizing the inherent potential energy in a column of fluid. Further, the present disclosure also relates to the use of the apparatus for filtering fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
The state of the art for generating power, via various methods as in use till date, suffers from various limitations. These limitations are, high environmental impact such as in thermal power, hydro power, and nuclear power, dependence on non-renewable resources such as in thermal power, dependence on varying environmental factors such as in hydro power, solar power, wind energy, and tidal energy, low efficiencies such as in thermal power, solar power, wind energy, and tidal energy, and large footprint such as in thermal power, hydro power, nuclear power, solar power, and wind energy.
Further the state of the art for pressure based membrane filtration of fluids, suffers from various limitations. These limitations are high energy requirement and low efficiencies.
In view of the above limitations, an apparatus for power generation is provided. Further, the apparatus can be configured to filter fluids.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
The limitations of the prior art are overcome and additional advantages are provided through the present disclosure. Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present disclosure. Other embodiments and aspects of the disclosure are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed disclosure.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for an apparatus comprising of at least one reservoir of predetermined shape and size, and at least one primary conduit of predetermined shape and size. The at least one reservoir is configured to store fluid and the at least one primary conduit is fluidly connected to the at least one reservoir where the volume of the at least one primary conduit is less than the volume of the at least one reservoir when the fluid is at same level in the at least one primary conduit and the at least one reservoir. Further, the apparatus comprises of at least one energy extraction means, placed within the fluid at a point inside the at least one reservoir or inside the at least one conduit or at a point between the at least one reservoir and the at least one conduit, and at least one fluid evacuation means fluidly connected to the at least one primary conduit to evacuate fluid from the at least one primary conduit. Further, at least one energy conversion means connected to the at least one energy extraction means is provided in the apparatus such that the energy extracted using the at least one energy extraction means is converted to a usable form of energy.
In one embodiment, at least one pressure based membrane filtration assembly is provided within the fluid at a point inside the at least one reservoir or inside the at least one primary conduit or at a point between the at least one reservoir and the at least one primary conduit for filtering the fluid, with at least one secondary conduit fluidly connected to the pressure based membrane filtration assembly and at least one fluid evacuation means fluidly connected to the secondary conduit to evacuate fluid from the at least one secondary conduit.
In one embodiment, the at least one reservoir is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
In one embodiment, the at least one primary conduit is disposed outside of the at least one reservoir.
In one embodiment, the at least one primary conduit is disposed inside the at least one reservoir.
In one embodiment, the at least one fluid evacuation means is but not limited to a pump.
In one embodiment, the at least one energy extraction means is but not limited to a turbine.
In one embodiment, the at least one energy conversion means is an electric generator.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for a method of generating power, using the apparatus as described hereinabove. The method comprising acts of maintaining the at least one reservoir and the at least one primary conduit in hydrostatic equilibrium by having the fluid in the at least one primary conduit at same level as in the at least one reservoir; evacuating fluid from the at least one primary conduit using the at least one fluid evacuation means; wherein the evacuation of fluid from the at least one primary conduit disturbs the hydrostatic equilibrium and generates a pressure gradient in the fluid; wherein the pressure gradient generated forces the fluid to flow and actuate the at least one energy extraction means which further acts on the at least one energy conversion means to generate power in a usable form of energy.
In one embodiment, the fluid evacuated from the at least one primary conduit is circulated back into the at least one reservoir forming a closed circuit.
In one embodiment, fluid is evacuated out of the apparatus from the at least one primary conduit while simultaneously fluid is allowed to flow into the at least one reservoir, through an inlet of the apparatus, from external environment such as industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid; forming an open circuit.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for a method of filtering fluids using the apparatus. The method comprising an act of separating fluid into permeate and retentate, using the pressure based membrane filtration assembly, aided wholly or in part by the ambient fluid pressure and the pressure gradient generated in the apparatus.
In one embodiment, the retentate and permeate are evacuated separately through the at least one primary conduit and the at least one secondary conduit respectively. Further, the reservoir is allowed to be refilled, with fluid to be filtered, from the external environment, wherein the external environment may be but not limited to industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered.
In one embodiment, type of the at least one membrane based filtration assembly is selected from a group comprising reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation and pervaporation.
The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The novel features and characteristics of the disclosure are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. One or more embodiments are now described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numerals represent like elements and in which:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation, wherein an energy conversion means is placed within the apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration, wherein an energy conversion means is placed within the apparatus and the apparatus is incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation, wherein an energy conversion means is placed outside the apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration, wherein an energy conversion means is placed outside the apparatus and the apparatus is incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the apparatus for power generation comprising a primary conduit placed within the reservoir according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The figures depict embodiments of the disclosure for purposes of illustration only. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the structures illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and make part of this disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed within the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid. The reservoir
11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir. The reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12. In one embodiment both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other. Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape. The Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the base of the reservoir 11 ahead of the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially vertical. The Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy. In one embodiment, the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump. In one embodiment the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine. Further, volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit
12 and the reservoir 11. The reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid. The Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy. The potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11. In one embodiment as both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations. The hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating a predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14. The actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction. Thus, potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14. The energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
In one embodiment, the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is circulated back to the reservoir 11. Thus, the Apparatus 10 forms a closed circuit. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 is less than the energy generated and thus the Apparatus 10 forms a self-sustained apparatus for power generation.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed within the Apparatus 10, a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid. The reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir. The reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12. In one embodiment both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other. Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape. The Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the base of the reservoir 11 ahead of the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially vertical. The Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy. In one embodiment, the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump. In one embodiment the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine. Further, volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11. The reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid. The Apparatus
10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir
11 which creates potential energy. The potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11. In one embodiment as both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations. The hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14. The actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction. Thus, potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14. The energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
In one embodiment, the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is pumped outside the Apparatus 10 while the reservoir 11 is allowed to be refilled, from the external environment, through inlet 20 of the Apparatus 10 and thus the Apparatus 10 forms an open circuit. The external environment may be but not limited to industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered.
In one embodiment, a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 is provided within the fluid at a point between the at least one reservoir 11 and the at least one primary conduit 12. A secondary conduit 18 is fiuidly connected to the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 for carrying permeate. The permeate is fluid that is filtered out using the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17. Further, a fluid evacuation means 15a is fiuidly connected to the secondary conduit 18 to evacuate permeate from the secondary conduit 18. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a is equal or less than the energy generated and thus the apparatus 10 forms a self-sustained apparatus for fluid filtration or power generation and fluid filtration.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed outside the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid. The reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir. The reservoir 11 is fiuidly connected with a primary conduit 12. In one embodiment both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other. Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape. The Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially horizontal. The Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fiuidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy. In one embodiment, the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump. In one embodiment the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine. Further, volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11. The reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid. The Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy. The potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11. In one embodiment as both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations. The hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14. The actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction. Thus, potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14. The energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
In one embodiment, the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is circulated back to the reservoir 11. Thus, the Apparatus 10 forms a closed circuit. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 is less than the energy generated and thus the apparatus 10 forms a self-sustained apparatus for power generation.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 incorporated with a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed outside the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid. The reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir. The reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12. In one embodiment both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other. Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape. The Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially horizontal. The Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy. In one embodiment, the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump. In one embodiment the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine. Further, volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11. The reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid. The Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy. The potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11. In one embodiment as both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations. The hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the reservoir 11 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14. The actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction. Thus, potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14. The energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
In one embodiment, the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is pumped outside the Apparatus 10 while the reservoir 11 is allowed to be refilled, from the external environment, through inlet 20 of the Apparatus 10 and thus the Apparatus 10 forms an open circuit. The external environment may be but not limited to industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered. In one embodiment, a pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 is provided within the fluid at a point between the at least one reservoir 11 and the at least one primary conduit 12. A secondary conduit 18 is fluidly connected to the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17 for carrying permeate. The permeate is fluid that is filtered out using the pressure based membrane filtration assembly 17. Further, a fluid evacuation means 15a is fluidly connected to the secondary conduit 18 to evacuate permeate from the secondary conduit 18. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 and 15a is equal or less than the energy generated and thus the apparatus 10 becomes a self-sustained apparatus for fluid filtration or power generation and fluid filtration.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an Apparatus 10 comprising the primary conduit 12 within the reservoir 11 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The Apparatus 10 comprises an energy conversion means 16 placed within the Apparatus 10 and a reservoir 11 which is configured to store fluid. The reservoir 11 is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir. The reservoir 11 is fluidly connected with a primary conduit 12. In one embodiment both the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 are substantially vertical and placed parallel to each other. Shape of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be but not limited to cylindrical shape. The primary conduit 12 is placed within the reservoir 11. The Apparatus 10 further comprises an energy extraction means 14 which is placed within the fluid at a point proximal to the base of the conduit 12 at the junction of the reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12. Axis of energy extraction means 14 is substantially vertical. The Apparatus 10 further comprises a fluid evacuation means 15 which is fluidly connected to the primary conduit 12 to evacuate the fluid from the primary conduit 12 and an energy conversion means 16 connected to the energy extraction means 14 such that the energy extracted using the energy extraction means 14 is converted to a usable form of energy. In one embodiment, the energy conversion means 16 is but not limited to an electric generator. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is placed proximal to the top of the primary conduit 12 such that the fluid evacuation means 15 consumes least amount of energy for evacuating the fluid from the primary conduit 12. In one embodiment the fluid evacuation means 15 is but not limited to a pump. In one embodiment the energy extraction means 14 is but not limited to a turbine. Further, volume of the primary conduit 12 is less than volume of the reservoir 11 when the fluid is at same level in the primary conduit 12 and the reservoir 11. The reservoir 11 and the primary conduit 12 can be filled partially or completely with fluid. The Apparatus 10 in the disclosure uses the principle of gravitational force acting on the fluid in the reservoir 11 which creates potential energy. The potential energy increases by increase in height of the fluid column; with higher energy available towards the bottom of the reservoir 11 than at other locations in the reservoir 11. In one embodiment as both the primary conduit 12, fluidly connected to the reservoir 11, and the energy extraction means 14 are placed proximal to the bottom of the reservoir 11, the energy available for the energy extraction means 14 is higher than at other locations. The hydrostatic equilibrium in the Apparatus 10 is disturbed by evacuating predetermined quantity of fluid from the primary conduit 12. As the hydrostatic equilibrium is disturbed and a pressure gradient is generated, the fluid present in the Apparatus 10 tends to flow from the reservoir 11 to the primary conduit 12. As the fluid flows from the reservoir 11, the fluid passes through the energy extraction means 14, thus actuating the energy extraction means 14. The actuation of the energy extraction means 14 rotates elements of the energy extraction means 14 in predetermined direction. Thus, potential energy present in the fluid is converted to kinetic energy at the location of the energy extraction means 14. The energy extracted by the energy extraction means 14 is converted into a usable form of energy using the energy conversion means 16 such as but not limited to an electric generator.
In one embodiment, the fluid evacuated from the primary conduit 12 is circulated back to the reservoir 11. Thus, the Apparatus 10 forms a closed circuit. Desired amount of energy, generated using the Apparatus 10, is also supplied to the fluid evacuation means 15 where the energy required by the fluid evacuation means 15 is less than the energy generated and thus the Apparatus 10 form a self- sustained apparatus for power generation.
Referral Numerals
Referral Numeral Description
10 Apparatus
11 Reservoir
12 Primary conduit
14 Energy extraction means
15 Fluid evacuation means
15a Fluid evacuation means
connected to the secondary
conduit 16 Energy conversion means
17 Pressure based membrane
filtration assembly
18 Secondary conduit
20 Inlet of the Apparatus 10
Equivalents
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

We claim:
1. An apparatus (10), comprising:
at least one reservoir (11) of predetermined shape and size, wherein the at least one reservoir (11) is configured to store fluid;
at least one primary conduit (12) of predetermined shape and size, wherein the at least one primary conduit (12) is fluidly connected to the at least one reservoir (11); at least one energy extraction means (14) placed within the fluid at a point inside the at least one reservoir (11) or inside the at least one conduit (12) or at a point between the at least one reservoir (11) and the at least one conduit (12);
at least one fluid evacuation means (15) fluidly connected to the at least one primary conduit (12) to evacuate fluid from the at least one primary conduit (12); an energy conversion means (16) connected to the at least one energy extraction means (14) such that the energy extracted from the fluid using the at least one energy extraction means (14) is converted to a usable form of energy.
2. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one reservoir (11) is selected from a group comprising a natural reservoir and an artificial reservoir.
3. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one energy extraction means (14) is a turbine.
4. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein volume of the at least one primary conduit (12) is less than volume of the at least one reservoir (11) when the fluid is at same level in the at least one primary conduit (12) and the at least one reservoir (11).
5. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one primary conduit (12) is disposed inside or outside of the at least one reservoir (11).
6. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one pressure based membrane filtration assembly (17) is provided within the fluid at a point inside the at least one reservoir (11) or inside the at least one primary conduit (12) or at a point between the at least one reservoir (11) and the at least one primary conduit (12).
7. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least one pressure based membrane filtration assembly (17) is fluidly connected to at least one secondary conduit (18) and the at least one secondary conduit (18) is also fluidly connected to at least one fluid evacuation means (15a).
8. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claims 1 and 7, wherein the at least one fluid evacuation means (15) and the at least one fluid evacuation means (15a) is selected from a group comprising a pump and a pump turbine.
9. The apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one energy conversion means (16) is an electric generator.
10. A method of extracting energy from a fluid, using the apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising acts of:
maintaining the at least one reservoir (11) and the at least one primary conduit (12) in hydrostatic equilibrium by having the fluid in the at least one primary conduit (12) at same level as in the at least one reservoir (11);
evacuating the fluid from the at least one primary conduit (12) using the at least one fluid evacuation means (15); wherein the evacuation of the fluid from the at least one primary conduit (12) disturbs the hydrostatic equilibrium and generates a pressure gradient in the fluid and further wherein the pressure gradient generated allows the fluid to actuate the energy extraction means (14) to extract the energy from the fluid which is then converted into an usable form of energy using the energy conversion means (16).
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the fluid evacuated from the at least one primary conduit (12) is circulated back into the at least one reservoir (11) forming a closed circuit.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein fluid is evacuated out of the apparatus (10) from the at least one primary conduit (12) while simultaneously fluid is allowed to flow into the at least one reservoir (11) through an inlet (20) of the Apparatus (10) from external environment such as industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered; forming an open circuit.
13. A method of filtering fluid using the apparatus (10) as claimed in claims 1 and 6, the method comprising act of allowing the pressure based membrane filtration assembly (17) to separate the fluid into permeate and retentate aided wholly or in part by the ambient fluid pressure and pressure gradient generated in the apparatus (10).
14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the permeate and retentate are evacuated separately through the at least one secondary conduit (18) and the at least one primary conduit (12) while simultaneously fluid to be filtered is allowed to flow into the at least one reservoir (11) through an inlet (20) of the Apparatus (10) from external environment such as industrial plants, oceans, rivers, lakes or any other source of fluid to be filtered.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the filtering process is any pressure based membrane filtration process, selected from a group comprising reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, gas separation and pervaporation.
PCT/IB2013/056890 2013-07-12 2013-08-26 Apparatus for power generation and/or fluid filtration WO2015004509A1 (en)

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