Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
  • A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
  • A61K31/541—Non-condensed thiazines containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/14—Antitussive agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
  • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D241/20—Nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
  • C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D241/24—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D241/26—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D241/28—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms in which said hetero-bound carbon atoms have double bonds to oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms
  • C07D241/30—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals with nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms in which said hetero-bound carbon atoms have double bonds to oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms in which said hetero-bound carbon atoms are part of a substructure —C(=X)—X—C(=X)—X— in which X is an oxygen or sulphur atom or an imino radical, e.g. imidoylguanidines
  • C07D241/32—(Amino-pyrazinoyl) guanidines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compounds of general formula (I)
• WO 08135557 discloses compounds of similar structure showing ENaC (Epithelial Sodium Channel) inhibitor activity.
• the problem of the present invention is to prepare new compounds which may be used therapeutically for the treatment of pathophysiological processes treatable by the blockade of an epithelial sodium channel, particularly for the treatment of the lungs and airways.
• the present invention relates to a compound of formula (I),
• A, A' denote independently from each other -CH 2 - or -CH 2 -CH 2 -;
• R is -NR 1 R 2 , -NR 3 R 4 R 5( +) 3 ⁇ 4 w or OR 13 ;
• X is halogen, preferably CI or Br
• 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ " > is halogen anion or an organic acid anion
• 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ " > is halogen anion or an organic acid anion
• 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ " > is halogen anion or an organic acid anion
• 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ " > is halogen anion or an organic acid anion
• R 1 , R 2 are selected independently from each other
• R 6 is selected from among-Ci_ 3 -alkyl
• R 7 is selected from among-Ci_ 3 -alkyl, -CO-0-Ci_ 3 -alkyl, -Ci_ 4 -alkyl-OH,
• R 8 is H or phenyl
• R is Ci_3-alkyl or an optionally substituted N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle;
• R 12 is selected from among H, halogen, -COOH, -PO(OCi_4-alkyl)OH, optionally substituted at the 2,3 or 4 position of the Ci_4-alkyl group by - N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl) 2 or -N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl) 3 + Z 4 " , and -PO(OCi_ 4 -alkyl) 2, -PO(OH) 2 ;
• R 13 is H or Ci_ 4 -alkyl
• Y 1 is selected from among an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered
• Y 2 is an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle; or R 1 and R 2 are together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to an optionally substituted 4-7-membered heterocycle, containing at least one N and optionally one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of piperazino, morpholino, piperidi- no; thiomorpholino, thiomorpholino-1 -oxide, thiomorpholinon- 1,1 -dioxide, diazepane and pyrrolidino, wherein the nitrogen atoms may be substituted by a group selected from among phenyl, Ci_ 3 -alkylsulfonyl, Ci_ 3 -alkyl and -CO-Ci_ 3 -alkyl;
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 denote independently from each other -Ci_ 3 -alkyl; or tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.
• Preferred compounds of formula (I) are those, wherein
• A, A' are both -CH 2 -CH 2 -;
• R is -NR 1 R 2 or-NR 3 R 4 R 5 (+) X ( ) ;
• R 6 is selected from -Ci_ 3 -alkyl, H, -C -alkyl-OH, -CH 2 -CO-0-Ci_ 3 -alkyl and -CH 2 COOH;
• R 7 is selected from among-Ci_ 3 -alkyl , -CO-0-Ci_ 3 -alkyl , -Ci_ 4 -alkyl-OH , H
• R 8 is H or phenyl
• R 10 is Ci_ 3 -alkyl or an optionally substituted N-containing nonaromatic hetero- cycle
• R 12 is H or halogen;
• R 13 is H or -Ci_ 4 -alkyl
• Y 1 is an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle
• Y 2 is an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle; or R 1 and R 2 are together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to an optionally substituted 4-7-membered heterocycle containing at least one N-atom ;
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 denote independently from each other -Ci_ 3 -alkyl; or tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof. Also preferred are compounds of formula (I), wherein
• R is -NR 1 R 2 ;
• R 1 , R 2 ddeennoottee iinnddeeppeennddeennttllyy ffrroorm each other -Ci_4-alkyl-CO-Y 2 -R ]
• Y 1 is selected from a linker of formula (al) to (jl)
• ** denotes the attachment point to R 9 is selected from a linker of formula (a2) to (h2)
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other denote -C(NH 2 )NH or -CN(CH 3 ) 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 + Z 2 " ; or tautomers or pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof.
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other are selected from among
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other are selected from
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other denote -CO-0-Ci_ 4 -alkyl-R 8 or -S0 2 -R 10 ;
• R 1 or R 2 is hydrogen
• a further embodiment of the current invention is compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament.
• a further embodiment of the current invention is compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among respiratory diseases or complaints and allergic diseases of the airways.
• a further embodiment of the current invention is compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a disease selected from among chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchitis caused by bacterial or viral infection or fungi or helminths, allergic bronchitis, toxic bronchitis, chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD), asthma (intrinsic or allergic), pediatric asthma, bronchiectasis, allergic alveolitis, allergic or non-allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, cystic fibrosis or mucoviscidosis, alpha- 1 -antitrypsin deficiency, cough, pulmonary emphysema, interstitial lung diseases, alveolitis, hyperreactive airways, nasal polyps, pulmonary oedema and pneumonitis of different origins.
• a disease selected from among chronic bronchitis, acute bronchitis, bronchitis caused
• a further embodiment of the current invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• a further embodiment of the current invention are medicament combinations which contain, besides one or more compounds of a compound of formula (I), as further active substances, one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors,
• LTD4-antagonists LTD4-antagonists, EGFR- inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI -antihistamines,
• Ci_ 6 -alkyl means an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the last or first named subgroup is the radical attachment point indicated as open hyphen, for ex- ample
• the substituent "aryl-Ci_3-alkyl-" means an aryl group which is bound to a Ci_ 3 - alkyl-group, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to which the substituent is attached.
• An asterisk is may be used in sub-formulas to indicate the bond which is connected to the core molecule as defined.
• a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, E/Z isomers etc.) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and solvates thereof such as for instance hydrates including solvates of the free compounds or solvates of a salt of the compound.
• phrases "pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof.
• examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.
• such salts include acetates, ascorbates, benzenesulfonates, benzoates, besylates, bicarbonates, bitartrates, bro- mides/hydrobromides, Ca-edetates/edetates, camsylates, carbonates, chlo- rides/hydrochlorides, trifluoracetates, citrates, edisylates, ethane disulfonates, estolates esylates, fumarates, gluceptates, gluconates, glutamates, glycolates, glycollylarsnilates, hexylresorcinates, hydrabamines, hydroxymaleates, hydroxynaphthoates, iodides, isothio- nates, lactates, lactobionates, malates, maleates, mandelates, methanesulfonates, mesylates, methylbromides, methyl
• salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like, (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Birge, S.M. et al, J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.
• a given chemical formula or name shall encompass tautomers and all stereo, optical and geometrical isomers (e.g. enantiomers, diastereomers, E/Z isomers etc.) and racemates thereof as well as mixtures in different proportions of the separate enantiomers, mixtures of diastereomers, or mixtures of any of the foregoing forms where such isomers and enantiomers exist, as well as salts, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and solvates thereof such as for instance hydrates including solvates of the free compounds or solvates of a salt of the compound.
• substituted means that any one or more hydrogens on the designated atom is replaced with a selection from the indicated group, provided that the designated atom's normal valence is not exceeded, and that the substitution results in a stable compound.
• optionally substituted is meant within the scope of the invention the above- mentioned group, optionally substituted by a lower-molecular group.
• lower- molecular groups regarded as chemically meaningful are groups consisting of 1-200 atoms. Preferably such groups have no negative effect on the pharmacological efficacy of the compounds.
• the groups may comprise:
• Aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems consisting of carbon atoms and optionally heteroatoms, which may in turn be substituted by functional groups.
• a number of aromatic or non-aromatic ring systems consisting of carbon atoms and optionally heteroatoms which may be linked by one or more carbon chains, optionally interrupted by heteroatoms, optionally substituted by heteroatoms or other common functional groups.
• halogen generally denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• Ci_ n -alkyl wherein n is an integer from 2 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes an acyclic, saturated, branched or linear hydrocarbon radical with 1 to n C atoms.
• Ci_5-alkyl embraces the radicals H 3 C-, H 3 C- CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C- CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-, H 3 C- CH 2 -CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH 3 )-CH 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH 2 -C(CH 3 ) 2 -, H 3 C-C(CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, H 3 C-CH(CH
• Carbocyclyl as used either alone or in combination with another radical, means a mono- or multi-ring ring structure consisting only of carbon containing between one and four rings wherein such rings may be attached together in a pendent manner or may be fused.
• the term “carbocycle” refers to fully saturated and aromatic ring systems and partially saturated ring systems.
• the term “carbocycle” additionally encompasses spiro systems, and bridged systems.
• C3_ n -cycloalkyl wherein n is an integer 4 to n, either alone or in combination with another radical denotes a cyclic, saturated, unbranched hydrocarbon radical with 3 to n C atoms.
• C3_7-cycloalkyl includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclo- pentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl.
• aryl denotes a carbocyclic aromatic monocyclic group containing 6 carbon atoms which may be further fused to a second 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic group which may be aromatic, saturated or unsaturated.
• Aryl includes, but is not limited to, phenyl, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, an- thracenyl, phenanthrenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl and dihydronaphthyl.
• heterocycle is intended to include all the possible isomeric forms.
• heterocyclyl includes the following exemplary structures which are not depicted as radicals as each form may be attached through a covalent bond to any atom so long as appropriate valences are maintained:
• heteroaryl is intended to include all the possible isomeric forms.
• heteroaryl includes the following exemplary structures which are not depicted as radicals as each form may be attached through a covalent bond to any atom so long as appropriate valences are maintained:
• variables A, A' are independently from each other -CH 2 - or -CH 2 -CH 2 -.
• a and A' are both -CH 2 -CH 2 - or A and ⁇ are different from each other -CH 2 - or -CH 2 -CH 2 -.
• Particularly preferred A and A' are both -CH 2 -CH 2 -.
• the substituent R is selected from among -NR 1 R 2 , -NR 3 R 4 R 5(+) Zi W and OR 13 , prefera- bly -NR 1 R 2 or-NR 3 R 4 R 5 (+) X w , most preferably -NR 1 R 2 .
• the substituent X denotes halogen, preferably CI or Br; most preferably CI.
• the substituent 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ " > is halogen anion or an organic acid anion, preferably CF 3 COO " ,
• the substituent Z 2 ( ) is halogen anion or an organic acid anion, CF 3 COO “ , CH 3 COO-, CI " Br “ or T, particularly preferred CI " or T ;
• the substituent is halogen anion or an organic acid anion, CF 3 COO “ , CH 3 COO-, CI “ Br “ or T, particularly preferred CI " or T;
• the substituent is halogen anion or an organic acid anion, CF 3 COO “ , CH 3 COO-, CI “ Br “ or T, particularly preferred CI " or T;
• the substituents R 1 , R 2 are selected independently from each other from among
• R 9 denotes H , Ci_ 3 -alkyl, -O.
• R 9 denotes H or Ci_ 3 -alkyl.
• R 9 denotes H or Ci_ 3 -alkyl.
• R 11 denotes H, Ci_ 3 -alkyl or -O " .
• R 11 denotes H or Ci_ 3 -alkyl.
• R 11 denotes H or Ci_ 3 -alkyl.
• R 1 or R 2 are selected independently from each other from
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other denote H, -C(NH 2 )NH
• R 1 or R 2 are selected from among -Ci_ 3 -alkyl, -C 2 _ 4 -alkyl-N(CH 3 ) 2
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other are selected from among
• R 1 , R 2 independently from each other are selected
• R 1 or R 2 denotes hydrogen.
• R 1 and R 2 are together with the nitrogen atom they are attached to a 4-7-membered heterocycle containing 1 to 3 N-atoms, preferably 1 or 2 N-atoms.
• the substituents R 3 , R 4 , R 5 denote independently from each other -Ci_ 3 -alkyl, preferably methyl.
• the substituent R 6 is selected from -Ci_ 3 -alkyl, H, -C 2 _ 4 -alkyl-OH, -CH 2 -CO-0-Ci_ 3 -alkyl and -CH 2 COOH; preferably -Ci_ 3 -alkyl, H, -C 2 H 4 -alkyl-OH,
• the substituent R 7 is selected from -Ci_ 3 -alkyl, -CO-0-Ci_ 3 -alkyl, -C 2 _ 4 -alkyl-OH,
• the substituent R 8 denotes H or phenyl.
• the substituent R 10 is selected from Ci_ 3 -alkyl and an 5-8 membered optionally substituted, preferably 5 or 6-membered, N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle , preferably piper- azino, 1-methylpiperazino, morpholino, piperidino, diazepane, 1-methyldiazepane; thio- morpholino, thiomorpholino- 1 -oxido, thiomorpholinon- 1 , 1 -dioxid and pyrrolidino, preferably piperazino, 1-methylpiperazino and morpholino.
• the substituent R 12 is selected from H, halogen, -COOH, -S0 3 H, -PO(OCi_ 4 -alkyl) 2 , - PO(OH) 2 - and PO(OCi_ 4 -alkyl)OH optionally substituted at the 2,3 or 4 position of the Ci_ 4-alkyl group by -N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl) 2 or -N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl) 3 + Z 4 " , -NH(Ci_ 3 -alkyl) 2
• R 12 denotes H or halogen.
• the substituent R 13 denotes H or Ci_ 4 -alkyl, preferably H, methyl or t-butyl.
• the substituent Y 1 is selected from an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered
• N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle -N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl)-C 2 _ 4 -alkyl-N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl) 2 and -N(Ci_ 3 -alkyl)-C 2 _ 4 -alkyl-N + (Ci_ 3 alkyl) 3 3 ⁇ 4 (_) ;.
• the substituent Y 1 is an optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered N-containing nonaromatic heterocycle.
• Y 1 is selected from a linker of formula (al) to j l).
• Y 2 is selected from among a linker of formula (a2) to (i2), more preferably from among a linker of formula (a2), (b2), (c2) and (d2).
• the compound may exist as a free base or a salt, depending on the synthesis conditions and the procedure of the workup and purification applied.
• the skilled person will appreciate that the compound is not limited to the free base or a certain salt form.
• the stoichiometry of the counterion is usually omitted.
• the compound is not limited to the mono salt form and that it may exist as a disalt, trisalt or other compound xounterion stoichiometries.
• such compound may unexpectedly exist as a free base or as a salt with a different counterion, depending on the synthesis conditions and the procedure of the workup and purification applied. Solely for the purpose of yield determination, an estimate of the nature of the counterion and of compound xounterion stoichiometry is made (as indicated by the formula given).
• the compounds according to the invention may be obtained using methods of synthesis which are known to the one skilled in the art and described in the literature of organic synthesis. If a substituent is not compatible with the synthetic methods described herein, the substituent may be protected with a suitable protecting group.
• General methods for functional groups protection and deprotection steps are described e.g. in: Greene, T. W. and Wuts, P.G.M. (eds.): Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, third edition 1999; John Wiley and Sons, inc.
• compounds of general formula (I) can be prepared by reacting S- methylisothioureas of formula (II) with a primary amines of formula (III) in a solvent like THF, acetonitrile or DMF or in a solvent mixture, preferably in the presence of a base, especially when the primary amine (III) is applied as an acid addition salt, preferably at temperature between r.t. and boiling point of the solvent.
• scheme 2 another method for preparation of compounds if formula (I) is al- kylation of compounds of general formula IV with a suitable alkyl derivative R-LG (wherein the leaving group LG is preferably I, CI, Br, OMesyl, or OTosyl), in the presence of a base such as K 2 CO 3 in an appropriate solvent such as DMF or acetone at room temperature or elevated temperature as shown in scheme 2.
• a base such as K 2 CO 3
• an appropriate solvent such as DMF or acetone
• compounds of formula (I) with an amide group can be prepared by acylating the corresponding amine IV with an carboxylic acid using a coupling agent such as HATU or using an activated carboxylic acid derivative such as an carboxylic acid halide and a base such as TEA at room temperature or elevated temperature in a nonaqueous solvent.
• a coupling agent such as HATU
• an activated carboxylic acid derivative such as an carboxylic acid halide
• a base such as TEA
• compounds of formula (I) with a Ry group incorporating an acid can be prepared by hydro lyzing the corresponding ester V using a base such as NaOH, KOH or LiOH at room temperature or elevated temperature in an aqueous solvent.
• a base such as NaOH, KOH or LiOH
• compounds of formula (I) with a Ry group incorporating a quaternary amine can be prepared by alkylating the corresponding amine using an alkylating agent R-LG (wherein the leaving group LG is preferably I, CI, Br, OMesyl, or OTosyl) e.g. Mel or Me 2 S0 4 at room temperature or elevated temperature in an appropriate solvent in the presence or without an appropriate base.
• R-LG alkylating agent
• amines of general formula (I) can be prepared by removing the respective protecting group PG.
• Suitable protecting groups PG in (VII) are e.g. BOC, FMOC and phthaloyl which can be removed by standard acidic conditions e.g. using acids like TFA, standard basic conditions using bases such as morpholine or hydrazine respectively.
• compounds of formula (I) with a Ry group incorporating a guanidi- on group can be prepared by reacting the corresponding amine VIII with S- methylisothiourea hydrochloride or lH-l,2,4-triazole-l-carboxamidine hydrochloride and a base such as DIPEA in an appropriate solvent at room temperature or a elevated temperature.
• compounds of formula (I) with a sulfonamido or a sulfamoyl group can be prepared by reacting the corresponding amine with an alkyl or aryl sulfonic acid chloride or an alkyl or aryl sulfamoylchloride and a base such as TEA at room temperature or elevated temperature in a nonaqueous solvent.
• amines of general formula (III) can be prepared from compounds of general formula (IX) by removal of the respective protecting group, preferably the BOC, phthaloyl or FMOC protecting group which can be removed by standard acidic or basic conditions, respectively.
• protecting group preferably the BOC, phthaloyl or FMOC protecting group which can be removed by standard acidic or basic conditions, respectively.
• benzyl groups can be used as protecting groups which can be removed by hydrogenation as shown in scheme 10 .
• R-LG alkylating agent
• LG is preferably I, CI, Br, OMesyl, or OTosyl
• Compounds of formula (IX) with a sulfonamide or a sulfamoyl group can be prepared by reacting the corresponding amine XI with an alkyl or aryl sulfonic acid chloride or an alkyl or aryl sulfamoylchloride and a base such as TEA at room temperature or elevated temperature in a nonaqueous solvent as shown in scheme 12.
• compounds of formula (XIV) with an urea group can be prepared by reacting the corresponding amine XI with an alkyl isocyanate at room temperature or elevated temperature in a nonaqueous solvent.
• intermediate of general formula (XV) with an glycineamido group can be prepared by reacting the corresponding amine XI with chloro-acetyl chloride at room temperature or elevated temperature in a nonaqueous solvent in the presence of a base. Then the intermediate is reacted with a substituted amine.
• a reducing agend such as NaBH4 or sodium tri- acetoxy borohydride
• 3,5-Diamino-6-bromopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid is prepared from methyl 3,5-diamino-6- bromopyrazine-2-carboxylate (which is prepared from methyl 3,5-diamino-6- chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate as described in J.Med.Chem. 10 (1967) 66-75) analogously to the procedure described for the synthesis of intermediate A.1
• a mixture of trans-(4-methylamino-cyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (100.0 mg; 0.44 mmol), bromo-acetic acid methylester (46.0 ⁇ ; 0.49 mmol) and potassium carbonate (90.7 mg; 0.66 mmol) in ACN (1 mL) is stirred at r.t. over night.
• the insoluble material is filtered off and the solvent is removed.
• the residue is taken up in DCM and washed with water.
• the organic layer is separated and the solvent is removed.
• the residue is purified by RP HPLC (modifier: NH 3 ).
• the residue is taken up in TFA (50% in DCM) and stirred at r.t. for 1 hour. The solvent is removed.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective amine and the halogenide as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• Stage 1 A mixture of trans-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (215.0 mg; 1.00 mmol) and methane sulfonyl chloride (85.8 ⁇ ; 1.10 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) is stirred at r.t. for 5 minutes.
• TEA (160.0 ⁇ ; 1.15 mmol) is added and the mixture is stirred at r.t. for 2 hours.
• the mixture is diluted with aqueous KHS0 4 (2M).
• the organic layer is separated and washed again with aqueous NaHC0 3 (half- saturated). The organic layer is separated and the solvent is removed.
• Stage 2 Intermediate II.1 stage 1 (90.0 mg; 0.31 mmol) and TFA/DCM (2/1 ; 3 mL) is stirred at r.t. for 2 hours. The solvent is removed. The resulting residue is used without fu- ther purification.
• This molecule is a side product of the reaction described for intermediate IV. la. It was obtained after chromatography and further removal of the protection group.
• Stage 1 A mixture of Intermediate IV. la (1.20 g; 2.76 mmol) and palladium on charcoal (200.0 mg) in methanol (50 mL) is hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus (r.t.; 50 psi; 3 hours). The catalyst is filtered off. The solvent is removed. The residue is stirred in diethyl ether, filtered off and dried.
• Stage 2 A mixture of Intermediate V.l stage 1 (100.0 mg; 0.26 mmol), TBTU (90.0 mg; 0.28 mmol) and TEA (55.0 ⁇ ; 0.39 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) is stirred at r.t. for 30 minutes. N-Methylpiperazine (35.0 ⁇ ; 0.23 mmol) is added. After stirring for 4 hours the mixture is diluted with DCM and water. The organic layer is separated and evaporated. The residue is taken up in TFA (25% in DCM) and stirred at r.t. over night. The solvent is removed.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective amine as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihy- drochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective aldeyhde as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective isocyanate as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• Acetyl chloride (49.7 ⁇ ; 0.70 mmol) is added. After stirring over night the mixture is diluted with water and DCM. The organic layer is separated and the solvent is removed.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective chloride as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective amine as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• Stage 1 A mixture of trans-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (1.00 g; mmol), (2-bromo-ethyl)-dimethylamine hydrobromide (0.93 g; 3.99 mmol) and DIPEA (1.38 mL; 8.04 mmol) in ACN (16 mL) is stirred at 110°C for 1 hour in a microwave. The insoluble material is filtered off and the solvent id removed. The residue is stirred in dieth- diethyl ether, filtered off and dried.
• Stage 2 A mixture of Intermediate XII.1 stage 1 (200.0 mg; 0.70 mmol) and TEA (97.7 ⁇ ; 0.70 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) is stirred at r.t.. Methanesulfonyl chloride (54.3 ⁇ ; 0.70 mmol) is added drop wise. After stirring at r.t. over night the mixture is washed with water. The organic layer is separated and dried. TFA is added and stirred at r.t. for 1 hour. The solvent is evaporated.
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective chloride as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• Stage 1 A mixture of trans-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (1.00 g; 4.67 mmol) bromo acetic acid methylester (0.88 mL; 9.33 mmol) and DIPEA (1.60 mL; 9.33 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) is stirred at r.t. over night. Another portion of bromo acetic acid methylester (440 ⁇ ) and DIPEA (0.8 mL) is added. After stirring for 15 hours the solvent is removed and the residue is purified by RP HPLC (modifier: TFA).
• Stage 2 A mixture of intermediate XIV.1 stage 1 (1.36 g; 3.79 mmol) and aqueous NaOH (1M; 7.60 mL; 7.60 mmol) in methanol (15 mL) is stirred at r.t. over night. Aqueous HC1 (1M; 7.60 mL; 7.60 mmol) is added and the organic solvent is removed. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and dried.
• Stage 3 A mixture of intermediate XIII. l stage 2 (300.0 mg; 0.91 mmol), dimethyl- piperidin-4-yl-amine (291.4 ⁇ ; 2.00 mmol), HATU (759.6 mg; 2.00 mmol) and DIPEA (0.34 mL; 2.00 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) is stirred at r.t. for 3 days. The mixture is poured in water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer is separated, dried and the solvent is removed. The residue is purified by RP HPLC (modifier: TFA).
• the following compounds are prepared accordingly using the respective amine as indicated. Due to conditions applied, the synthesis may yield a free base, a hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt, a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• Stage 1 Morpholine (0.50 mL; 5.74 mmol) and sulfuryl chloride (1.50 mL; 18.50 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) are stirred at reflux for 24 hours. The solvent is removed and the residue is taken up in toluene, treated with activated charcoal and filtered off. The solvent is re- removed.
• Stage 2 A mixture of Intermediate XV.1 stagel (173.2 mg; 0.93 mmol) and trans-(4- aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (200.0 mg; 0.93 mmol) and DIPEA ⁇ 111.2 ⁇ ; 1.00 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) is stirred at reflux for 8 hours. The solvent is removed. The residue is taken up in DCM and washed with water. The organic layer is separated and evaporated. The residue is taken up in TFA (3 mL) and stirred at r.t. for 2 hours. The solvent is removed.
• Stage 1 Thiomorpho line- 1,1 -dioxide (3.00 g; 22.19 mmol) and DIPEA (3.80 mL; 22.19 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) is cooled in an ice bath. Chloro acetylchloride (1.77 mL; 22.19 mmol) is added drop wise. The mixture is stirred at r.t. for 3 hours. The organic solvent is washed with water. The organic layer is separated dried and the solvent is removed.
• Stage 2 A mixture of intermediate XVI. l stage 1 (304.7 mg; 1.42 mmol), trans-(4- aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (300.0 mg; 1.42 mmol) and potassium carbonate (597.6 mg; 4.32 mmol) in acetone (10 mL)is stirred at r.t. over night. The insoluble material is filtered off and the solvent is removed. The residue is purified by sili- silica gel chromatography (DCM/ methanol 9/1).
• Stage 2A diacylated product: Yield: 150.0 mg (19 % of theory)
• Stage 3 Intermediate XVI.1 stage 2A (150.0 mg; 0.27 mmol) and TFA (20% in DCM; 5 mL) are stirred at r.t. for 1 hour. The solvent is evaporated.
• Stage 2 Intermediate XVIII.
• l stagel (4.75 g; 10.76 mmol) and palladium on charcoal (10%; 2.00 g) in methanol (100 mL) are hydrogenated in a Parr apparatus (50°C; 50 psi). The catalyst is filtered off and the solvent is removed. The residue is stirred in diethyl ether and filtered off.
• Stage 1 A mixture of 4-(dibenzylamino) cyclohexanone (29.3 g; 99.86 mmol), 1- phenylpiperazine (20.30 g; 125.12 mmol) and methanesulfonic acid (0.10 mL) in toluene (200 mL) is stirred at r.t. for 4 hours with Dean-Stark-apparatus. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and washed with toluene and ethanol. The solvent is evaporated. The residue is recrystallized from methanol.
• Stage 2 Intermediate XIX.l stage 1 (36.50 g; 83.40 mmol) is diluted in THF (400 mL) and ethanol (400 mL). NaBH 4 (8.00 g; 0.21 mmol) is added portion by portion. The mixture is stirred at reflux for 8 hours. THF is removed and the mixture is diluted with water (2 L). The resulting precipitate is filtered off and washed with water and ethanol. The residue is taken up in methanol (200 mL) and HC1 (36%) is added till a pH of 2 is reached. The mixture is stirred in an ice bath for 30 minutes. The precipitate is filtered off and washed with methanol and diethyl ether.
• Stage 3 Intermediate XIX. l stage 2 (21.60 g; 42.14 mmol) and palladium on charcoal
• the catalyst is filtered off and the solvent is removed.
• the residue is crystallized from ethanol, filtered off and washed with ethanol and diethyl ether.
• Stage 1 A mixture of trans-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (200.0 mg; 0.93 mmol), methyl iodide (200.0 ⁇ ; 3.21 mmol) and potassium carbonate (445.0 mg; 3.22 mmol) in acetone (6 mL) and methanol (4 mL) is stirred at 50°C for 10 minutes and then at r.t. over night. The insoluble material is filtered off and the solvent is removed.
• Stage 2 Intermediate XX.1 stage 1 (400.0 mg) and TFA (20% in DCM; 5 mL) are stirred at r.t. for 1 hour. The solvent is evaporated and the residue is further used as crude product.
• Stage 1 A mixture of trans-(4-aminocyclohexyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (2.00 g; 9.33 mmol) and DIPEA (1.55 mL; 9.33 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) is cooled in an ice bath. Bromo-acetyl bromide (0.81 mL; 9.33 mmol) is added drop wise. The mixture is stirred at r.t. for 2 hours. The organic layer is washed with water, separated, dried and evaporated. The residue is stirred in diethyl ether, filtered off and dried.
• Stage 2 A mixture of Intermediate XXI.l stage 1 (440.0 mg; 1.31 mmol) and
• Stage 3 Intermediate XXI. l stage 2 (370.0 mg; 0.89 mmol) and TFA (20% in DCM; 10 mL) are stirred at r.t. for 2 hours. The solvent is removed. The residue is taken up in methanolic HC1 and evaporated.
• Example 1.28 A mixture of Example 1.28 (70.0 mg; 0.12 mmol), methyl iodide (7.5 ⁇ ; 0.12 mmol) and DIPEA (62.1 ⁇ ; 0.36 mmol) in acetone (6 mL) is stirred at r.t. over night. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and washed with diethyl ether.
• hydrochloride or dihydrochloride salt a zwitterion or other salt forms which can be applied equally to the syntheses of example compounds as described above.
• Example 6.2 A mixture of Example 6.2 (300.0 mg; 0.54 mmol), (3-chloro-propyl)-dimethyl-amine hydrochloride (85.5 mg; 0.54 mmol) and potassium carbonate (224.2 mg; 1.62 mmol) in
• Example 5.2 (14.0 mg; 0.03 mmol) and TFA (10% in DCM; 3 mL) is stirred at r.t. over night. The solvent is removed.
• Example 6.2 160.0 mg; 0.36 mmol
• 4-methyl-piperazine-l-sulfonyl chloride hydrochloride (120.0 mg; 0.51 mmol)
• DABCO diazabicyclo-octan; 220.0 mg; 1.96 mmol
• DCM DCM
• the insoluble material is filtered off and the solvent is removed.
• the residue is purified by RP HPLC (modifier: TFA). The residue is taken up in diethyl ether, filtered off and dried.
• HPLC retention times given are measured under the following parameters. Unless a temperature value is given, the system is run at r.t.
• the compounds are, if not stated otherwise, purified by RP HPLC.
• Permeability measurements across polarized, confluent CALU-3 cell monolayers grown on permeable filter supports are used to provide information on the potential of a compound to pass the lung epithelium.
• Apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of the compounds across the CALU-3 cell monolayers are measured (pH 7.4, 37°C) in apical-to-basal (AB) and basal-to-apical (BA) transport direction.
• AB permeability represents drug absorption from the lung lumen into the blood and BA permeability (Papp, BA) drug transport from the blood into the lung lumen mainly via passive permeability since Calu-3 cells as well as lung epithelial cells do not express efflux transporters like P-gp, while uptake transporters may be expressed.
• CALU-3 cells (1-2 x 10 5 cells/1 cm 2 area) are seeded on filter inserts (Costar transwell polycarbonate filters, 0.4 ⁇ pore size) and cultured (DMEM) for 10 - 12 days until tight monolayers are formed. Compounds of interest are dissolved in appropriate solvent (DMSO, 10 mM stock solution).
• the transport solution (TL) is applied to the apical or basolateral donor side for measuring A-B or B-A permeability (3 filter replicates), respectively.
• the receiver side contains the same buffer as the donor side.
• the compounds of formula (I) may be used on their own or in conjunction with other active substances of (I) according to the invention. If desired the compounds of formula (I) may also be used in combination with other pharmaceutically active substances. Therefore the invention further relates to medicament combinations which preferably contain, besides one or more compounds of formula (I), as further active substances, one or more compounds selected from among the categories of further ENaC inhibitors, betamimetics, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, PDE4-inhibitors, LTD4-antagonists, EGFR- inhibitors, dopamine agonists, HI -antihistamines, PAF-antagonists, MAP -kinase inhibitors, MPR4-Inhibitors, iNOS -Inhibitors, SYK-Inhibitors, corrections of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) and CFTR potentiators, or double or triple combinations thereof.
• ENaC inhibitors betamimetics, anticholinergics, cortic
• the compounds of formula (I) are characterised by their wide range of applications in the therapeutic field. Particular mention should be made of those applications for which the compounds according to the invention of formula (I) are preferably suited on account of their pharmaceutical efficacy as ENaC inhibitors.
• Examples include respiratory diseases or complaints, or allergic diseases of the airways,
• the present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula (I) for preparing a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract including the lungs, such as for example allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, particularly COPD, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
• inflammatory or obstructive diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract including the lungs such as for example allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, particularly COPD, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
• the compounds of formula (I) for the treatment of inflammatory and obstructive diseases such as COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, particularly COPD, chronic bronchitis and asthma and cystic fibrosis.
• inflammatory and obstructive diseases such as COPD, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, particularly COPD, chronic bronchitis and asthma and cystic fibrosis.
• the actual pharmaceutically effective amount or therapeutic dosage will of course depend on factors known by those skilled in the art such as age and weight of the patient, route of administration and severity of disease. In any case the combination will be administered at dosages and in a manner which allows a pharmaceutically effective amount to be delivered based upon patient's unique condition.
• Suitable forms for administration are for example inhalable powders or aerosols.
• the content of the pharmaceutically effective compound(s) in each case should be in the range from 0.2 to 50 wt%, preferably 5 to 25 wt.% of the total composition, i.e. in amounts which are sufficient to achieve the dosage range specified hereinafter.
• the active substance combination may be given as a powder, as an aqueous or aqueous-ethanolic solution or using a propellant gas formulation.
• pharmaceutical formulations are characterised in that they contain one or more compounds of (I) according to the preferred embodiments above.
• the compounds of formula (I) are administered by inhalation, particularly preferably if they are administered once or twice a day.
• the compounds of formula (I) have to be made available in forms suitable for inhalation.
• Inhalable preparations include inhalable powders, propellant-containing metered-dose aerosols or propellant-free inhalable solutions, which are optionally present in admixture with conventional physiologically acceptable excipients.
• propellant-free inhalable solutions also include concentrates or sterile ready-to-use inhalable solutions.
• the preparations which may be used according to the invention are described in more detail in the next part of the specification.
• physiologically acceptable excipients may be used to prepare the inhalable powders according to the invention: monosaccharides (e.g. glucose or arabinose), disaccharides (e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose), oligo- and polysaccharides (e.g. dextran), polyalcohols (e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol), salts (e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate) or mixtures of these excipients with one another.
• monosaccharides e.g. glucose or arabinose
• disaccharides e.g. lactose, saccharose, maltose
• oligo- and polysaccharides e.g. dextran
• polyalcohols e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol
• salts e.g. sodium chloride, calcium carbonate
• lactose is the particularly preferred excipient, while lactose monohydrate is most particularly preferred.
• the propellant-containing inhalable aerosols which may be used according to the invention may contain a compound of formula (I) dissolved in the propellant gas or in dispersed form.
• the propellant gases which may be used to prepare the inhalation aerosols according to the invention are known from the prior art. Suitable propellant gases are selected from among hydrocarbons such as n-propane, n-butane or isobutane and halohydrocarbons such as preferably fluorinated derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane, cyclopropane or cyclobutane.
• the propellant gases mentioned above may be used on their own or in mixtures thereof.
• propellant gases are fluorinated alkane derivatives selected from TG134a (1,1,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane), TG227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3- heptafluoropropane) and mixtures thereof.
• the propellant-driven inhalation aerosols used within the scope of the use according to the invention may also contain other ingredients such as co-solvents, stabilisers, surfactants, antioxidants, lubricants and pH adjusters. All these ingredients are known in the art.
• the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are preferably used to prepare propellant-free inhalable solutions and inhalable suspensions.
• Solvents used for this purpose include aqueous or alcoholic, preferably ethanolic solutions.
• the solvent may be water on its own or a mixture of water and ethanol.
• the solutions or suspensions are adjusted to a pH of 2 to 7, preferably 2 to 5, using suitable acids.
• the pH may be adjusted using acids selected from inorganic or organic acids. Examples of particularly suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid and/or phosphoric acid.
• organic acids examples include ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and/or propionic acid etc.
• Preferred inorganic acids are hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. It is also possible to use the acids which have already formed an acid addition salt with one of the active substances.
• ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and citric acid are preferred.
• mixtures of the above acids may also be used, particularly in the case of acids which have other properties in addition to their acidifying qualities, e.g. as flavourings, antioxidants or complexing agents, such as citric acid or ascorbic acid, for example.
• hydrochloric acid it is particularly preferred to use hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH.
• Co-solvents and/or other excipients may be added to the propellant-free inhalable solutions used for the purpose according to the invention.
• Preferred co-solvents are those which contain hydroxyl groups or other polar groups, e.g. alcohols - particularly isopropyl alcohol, glycols - particularly propyleneglycol, poly ethylenegly col, polypropyleneglycol, glycolether, glycerol, polyoxy ethylene alcohols and polyoxy ethylene fatty acid esters.
• excipients and additives in this context denote any pharmacologically acceptable substance which is not an active substance but which can be formulated with the active substance or substances in the pharmacologically suitable solvent in order to improve the qualitative properties of the active substance formulation.
• these substances have no pharmacological effect or, in connection with the desired therapy, no appreciable or at least no undesirable pharmacological effect.
• the excipients and additives include, for example, surfactants such as soya lecithin, oleic acid, sorbitan esters, such as polysorbates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, other stabilisers, complexing agents, antioxidants and/or
• preservatives which guarantee or prolong the shelf life of the finished pharmaceutical formulation, flavourings, vitamins and/or other additives known in the art.
• the additives also include pharmacologically acceptable salts such as sodium chloride as isotonic agents.
• the preferred excipients include antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, for example, provided that it has not already been used to adjust the pH, vitamin A, vitamin E, tocopherols and similar vitamins or provitamins occurring in the human body.
• Preservatives may be used to protect the formulation from contamination with pathogens. Suitable preservatives are those which are known in the art, particularly cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride or benzoic acid or benzoates such as sodium benzoate in the concentration known from the prior art.
• ready-to-use packs of a medicament for the treatment of respiratory complaints are provided, containing an enclosed description including for example the words respiratory disease, COPD or asthma, a compound according to the invention and one or more combination partners selected from those described above.
• 1 capsule contains:
• the active substance is mixed with lactose for inhalation.
• the mixture is packed into capsules in a capsule-making machine (weight of the empty capsule approx. 50 mg). weight of capsule: 55.5 mg

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Otolaryngology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=48745847

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (5)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2014
  • 2014-07-01 JP JP2016524740A patent/JP6449870B2/ja active Active
  • 2014-07-01 WO PCT/EP2014/063947 patent/WO2015003958A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-07-01 EP EP14735922.8A patent/EP3019492B1/en active Active
  • 2014-07-03 US US14/322,940 patent/US9126982B2/en active Active

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (3)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events