WO2015001139A1 - X-ray machine with automatic compensation for anatomical thickness - Google Patents

X-ray machine with automatic compensation for anatomical thickness Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015001139A1
WO2015001139A1 PCT/ES2013/070450 ES2013070450W WO2015001139A1 WO 2015001139 A1 WO2015001139 A1 WO 2015001139A1 ES 2013070450 W ES2013070450 W ES 2013070450W WO 2015001139 A1 WO2015001139 A1 WO 2015001139A1
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Prior art keywords
distance
ray
ray machine
flexometer
thickness
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PCT/ES2013/070450
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Angel DÍAZ CARMENA
Francisco DÍAZ CARMEMA
Jesús Manuel ALBENDEA RUIZ
Ildefonso Moreno Vallejo
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Sociedad Española De Electromedicina Y Calidad, S.A.
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Application filed by Sociedad Española De Electromedicina Y Calidad, S.A. filed Critical Sociedad Española De Electromedicina Y Calidad, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2013/070450 priority Critical patent/WO2015001139A1/en
Publication of WO2015001139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015001139A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/508—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for non-human patients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/542—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving control of exposure
    • A61B6/544—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving control of exposure dependent on patient size

Definitions

  • an x-ray machine with automatic anatomic thickness compensation of the patient can be a person or an animal depending on the use of the x-ray machine.
  • the present invention characterizes the fact of having an x-ray machine with the necessary means to be able to automatically compensate the radiological exposure parameters according to the anatomical thickness.
  • the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of x-ray machines, and particularly among the means that count for the selection of exposure parameters.
  • the factors that determine and influence the quality and quantity of radiation to which the patient is exposed are called exposure factors.
  • the amount of radiation refers to the intensity of the radiation and the exposure time, while the quality refers to the penetrability of the radiation beam.
  • KVp The main factors that are taken into account for high quality radiographs are: - KVp, is directly related to the beam quality. When the value of KVp emitted is increased, more x-rays are emitted, achieving greater energy and penetrability. It is used to control the contrast of the radiography.
  • - mAs are the produced mA accumulated during the exposure time and determine the total amount of radiation emitted.
  • the x-ray systems and machines allow the parameterization of the exposure based on different values, such as patient age, body region, anatomical thickness, etc. Since the radiation decreases with the anatomical thickness, it is necessary to know the value of the same for a correct compensation of the exposure parameters in order to obtain the optimum image quality.
  • This compensation of the radiation values is performed by the machine or the system based on the thickness parameters entered by the operator.
  • the present invention seeks to develop an x-ray machine that has means of compensating the exposure parameters based on the anatomical thickness, where this value is automatically captured and with a minimum intervention by the operator so that it is not likely to be a source of any error.
  • X-ray machines in general recognize the distance from the radiation tube to the board on which the body to be arranged is arranged. In the case of a focus located at a fixed distance from the board, this value remains unchanged. In case of focus of variable distance from the board, this distance is variable and known by means of an internal transducer mounted on the machine itself.
  • a flexometer or a folding measuring tape is arranged, which it will unfold until it touches the top of the part to be radiated.
  • This flexometer will have associated transducer means of elongation performed by the flexometer, so that the distance from the focus to the board and the distance displayed by the flexometer is known, the anatomical thickness is the difference of the two previous distances.
  • the distance from the focus to the board can be fixed, in the case of machines where the focus does not move vertically with respect to the board (x-ray machines with fixed focal length), or it can be variable, in which case said focal length also It is known through the use of transducers of the value of the distance of the focus with respect to the board (x-ray machines of variable focal length).
  • a flexometer or measuring tape arranged close to the focus and vertically deployable, associated with a transducer of the distance deployed by the flexometer, it is possible to know automatically, without error, the distance that separates the focus from the upper part of the area to radiate as a result of the difference in the distance from the focus to the board minus the distance deployed by the flexometer to contact the top of the area to be radiated.
  • an x-ray machine comprising, among other elements, a board (1), under which a receiver (2) is arranged, with an x-ray emission assembly formed on top of the board an x-ray tube (3) that contains the focus (9) and a collimator (4), which are mobile lead plates that limit the field to radiate.
  • the distance between the focus (9) and the board (1) is fixed.
  • a flexometer or measuring tape (5) is provided, which has an elongation transducer associated ( 6) which measures the deployment performed by the flexometer (5), which in a possible embodiment said transducer means can be a potentiometer.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of an x-ray machine in which the focus (9) can have a variable distance from the board (1).
  • the tube (3) can be moved vertically on the column (8) which has a transducer (7) that determines the distance of the focus (9) to the board (1).
  • a possible embodiment of the transducer (7) could be a potentiometer.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
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  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an X-ray machine having a tape measure or measuring tape (5) attached to or incorporated in the X-ray emission unit comprising an X-ray tube (3) and a collimator (4), said tape measure being located on the tube itself, on the collimator or on any supporting means associated with the system. The tape measure is linked to a transducer for determining elongation (6), which measures the extension of the tape measure (5), in order to measure the distance (d2) between the focal spot and the upper part of the region of the body to be treated with X-rays, thereby determining the anatomical thickness (d3), said thickness being the distance (d1) between the focal spot (9) and the table top (1), minus the distance (d2).

Description

MÁQUINA DE RAYOS-X CON COMPENSACIÓN AUTOMÁTICA DE  X-RAY MACHINE WITH AUTOMATIC COMPENSATION OF
ESPESOR ANATÓMICO  ANATOMICAL THICKNESS
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Es objeto de la presente invención, tal y como el título establece, una máquina de rayos-x con compensación automática de espesor anatómico del paciente. El paciente puede ser una persona o un animal dependiendo del uso de la máquina de rayos-x. It is the object of the present invention, as the title states, an x-ray machine with automatic anatomic thickness compensation of the patient. The patient can be a person or an animal depending on the use of the x-ray machine.
Caracteriza a la presente invención el hecho de contar una máquina de rayos-x con los medios necesarios para poder compensar de manera automática los parámetros de exposición radiológicos en función del espesor anatómico. The present invention characterizes the fact of having an x-ray machine with the necessary means to be able to automatically compensate the radiological exposure parameters according to the anatomical thickness.
Por lo tanto, la presente invención se circunscribe dentro del ámbito de las máquinas de rayos-x, y de manera particular de entre los medios que cuentan para la selección de los parámetros de exposición. Therefore, the present invention is circumscribed within the scope of x-ray machines, and particularly among the means that count for the selection of exposure parameters.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Para la realización de radiografías mediante rayos-x se requiere una exposición adecuada a la radiación. Los factores que determinan e influencian la calidad y cantidad de radiación a la que se expone al paciente, se denominan factores de exposición. La cantidad de la radiación se refiere a la intensidad de la radiación y al tiempo de exposición, mientras que la calidad se refiere a la penetrabilidad del haz de radiación. For exposure to X-rays, adequate radiation exposure is required. The factors that determine and influence the quality and quantity of radiation to which the patient is exposed are called exposure factors. The amount of radiation refers to the intensity of the radiation and the exposure time, while the quality refers to the penetrability of the radiation beam.
Los principales factores que se tienen en cuenta para la realización de radiografías de alta calidad son: - KVp, tiene relación directa con la calidad del haz. Cuando se incrementa el valor de KVp emitidos, se emiten más rayos-x, logrando una mayor energía y penetrabilidad. Sirve para control del contraste de la radiografía. The main factors that are taken into account for high quality radiographs are: - KVp, is directly related to the beam quality. When the value of KVp emitted is increased, more x-rays are emitted, achieving greater energy and penetrability. It is used to control the contrast of the radiography.
- mAs, son los mA producidos acumulados durante el tiempo de exposición y determinan la cantidad total de radiación emitida.  - mAs, are the produced mA accumulated during the exposure time and determine the total amount of radiation emitted.
Los sistemas y máquinas de rayos-x permiten la parametrización de la exposición en función de diferentes valores, como edad del paciente, la región del cuerpo, el espesor anatómico, etc. Dado que la radiación disminuye con el espesor anatómico, es necesario conocer el valor del mismo para una correcta compensación de los parámetros de exposición con el fin de obtener la calidad de imagen óptima. The x-ray systems and machines allow the parameterization of the exposure based on different values, such as patient age, body region, anatomical thickness, etc. Since the radiation decreases with the anatomical thickness, it is necessary to know the value of the same for a correct compensation of the exposure parameters in order to obtain the optimum image quality.
Dicha compensación de los valores de radiación la realiza la máquina o el sistema en función de los parámetros del espesor introducidos por el operador. This compensation of the radiation values is performed by the machine or the system based on the thickness parameters entered by the operator.
Sucede en algunas ocasiones que los valores introducidos relativos al espesor anatómico no son correctos, bien por error de medición o por error en la introducción de los datos realizados por el operador de la máquina. It happens on some occasions that the values entered relative to the anatomical thickness are not correct, either by measurement error or by error in the input of the data made by the machine operator.
Por lo tanto, es objeto de la presente invención evitar introducción de datos erróneos o equivocados por parte del operador, relativos al espesor anatómico, desarrollando una máquina con compensación automática de espesor anatómico como la que a continuación se describe y queda recogida en su esencialidad en la reivindicación primera. Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to avoid the introduction of erroneous or wrong data by the operator, related to anatomical thickness, by developing a machine with automatic anatomical thickness compensation such as the one described below and is collected in its essentiality in The first claim.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención busca desarrollar una máquina de rayos-x que cuente con medios de compensación de los parámetros de exposición en función del espesor anatómico, donde este valor es capturado de manera automática y con una mínima intervención por parte del operador de modo que no es susceptible de ser fuente de error alguno. The present invention seeks to develop an x-ray machine that has means of compensating the exposure parameters based on the anatomical thickness, where this value is automatically captured and with a minimum intervention by the operator so that it is not likely to be a source of any error.
Las máquinas de rayos-x en general reconocen la distancia que hay desde el tubo de radiación al tablero sobre el que se dispone el cuerpo a radiar. En caso de foco situado a una distancia fija respecto del tablero, dicho valor permanece inalterable. En caso de foco de distancia variable respecto del tablero, esta distancia es variable y conocida por medio de un transductor interno montado en la propia máquina. X-ray machines in general recognize the distance from the radiation tube to the board on which the body to be arranged is arranged. In the case of a focus located at a fixed distance from the board, this value remains unchanged. In case of focus of variable distance from the board, this distance is variable and known by means of an internal transducer mounted on the machine itself.
Ahora y con el objetivo de poder capturar de manera automática el espesor anatómico de la parte del cuerpo a radiar, bien sobre el propio tubo, sobre el colimador o sobre cualquier soporte asociado a dicho conjunto se dispone un flexómetro o una cinta métrica desplegable, que se desplegará hasta tocar con la parte superior de la parte a radiar. Este flexómetro tendrá asociado unos medios transductores de la elongación realizada por el flexómetro, por lo que conocida la distancia del foco al tablero y la distancia desplegada por el flexómetro, el espesor anatómico es la diferencia de las dos distancias anteriores. Now and with the aim of being able to automatically capture the anatomical thickness of the part of the body to be radiated, either on the tube itself, on the collimator or on any support associated with said assembly, a flexometer or a folding measuring tape is arranged, which it will unfold until it touches the top of the part to be radiated. This flexometer will have associated transducer means of elongation performed by the flexometer, so that the distance from the focus to the board and the distance displayed by the flexometer is known, the anatomical thickness is the difference of the two previous distances.
La distancia del foco al tablero puede ser fija, en el caso de máquinas donde el foco no se mueve verticalmente con respecto al tablero (máquinas de rayos-x de distancia focal fija), o puede ser variable, en cuyo caso dicha distancia focal también es conocida mediante el empleo de unos transductores del valor de la distancia del foco con respecto del tablero (máquinas de rayos-x de distancia focal variable). The distance from the focus to the board can be fixed, in the case of machines where the focus does not move vertically with respect to the board (x-ray machines with fixed focal length), or it can be variable, in which case said focal length also It is known through the use of transducers of the value of the distance of the focus with respect to the board (x-ray machines of variable focal length).
Gracias a la disposición de un flexómetro o cinta métrica dispuesto próximo al foco y desplegable verticalmente, asociado con un transductor de la distancia desplegada por el flexómetro, es posible conocer de manera autómica y sin posibilidad de error, la distancia que separa el foco de la parte superior de la zona a radiar como resultado de la diferencia de la distancia del foco al tablero menos la distancia desplegada por el flexómetro hasta contactar con la parte superior de la zona a radiar. Thanks to the arrangement of a flexometer or measuring tape arranged close to the focus and vertically deployable, associated with a transducer of the distance deployed by the flexometer, it is possible to know automatically, without error, the distance that separates the focus from the upper part of the area to radiate as a result of the difference in the distance from the focus to the board minus the distance deployed by the flexometer to contact the top of the area to be radiated.
En consecuencia la introducción del espesor anatómico como valor a tener en cuenta para la compensación de los parámetros de radiación se realiza de una manera sencilla, fácil y sin equivocación alguna. Consequently, the introduction of the anatomical thickness as a value to be taken into account for the compensation of the radiation parameters is carried out in a simple, easy way and without any mistake.
EXPLICACION DE LAS FIGURAS EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características de la invención, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realización práctica de la misma, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente. To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical implementation thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented.
En la figura 1 , podemos observar una representación de una vista frontal de una máquina de rayos-x de distancia focal fija (d1 ). In Figure 1, we can see a representation of a front view of a fixed focal length x-ray machine (d1).
En la figura 2, se muestra una representación en vista lateral de una máquina de rayos-x de distancia focal variable (d1 ). In Figure 2, a side view representation of an x-ray machine of variable focal length (d1) is shown.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION.
A la vista de las figuras se describe seguidamente un modo de realización preferente de la invención propuesta. In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.
En la figura 1 se puede observar una máquina de rayos-x que comprende entre otros elementos un tablero (1 ), bajo el cual se dispone un receptor (2), disponiéndose por encima del tablero un conjunto de emisión de rayos-x formado por un tubo de rayos-x (3) que contiene el foco (9) y un colimador (4), que son unas placas móviles de plomo que limitan el campo a radiar. La distancia entre el foco (9) y el tablero (1 ) es fija. Anexo o incorporado al conjunto de emisión de rayos-x, bien sobre el propio tubo, sobre el colimador o sobre cualquier soporte asociado a dicho conjunto, se dispone un flexometro o cinta métrica (5), que tiene asociado un transductor de la elongación (6) que mide el despliegue realizado por el flexometro (5), que en una posible forma de realización dicho medio transductor puede ser un potenciómetro. In Figure 1 an x-ray machine can be seen comprising, among other elements, a board (1), under which a receiver (2) is arranged, with an x-ray emission assembly formed on top of the board an x-ray tube (3) that contains the focus (9) and a collimator (4), which are mobile lead plates that limit the field to radiate. The distance between the focus (9) and the board (1) is fixed. Attached or incorporated into the X-ray emission assembly, either on the tube itself, on the collimator or on any support associated with said assembly, a flexometer or measuring tape (5) is provided, which has an elongation transducer associated ( 6) which measures the deployment performed by the flexometer (5), which in a possible embodiment said transducer means can be a potentiometer.
Por lo tanto, tras el desplegado del flexometro (5) se obtiene la distancia (d2), y dado que la distancia del foco al tablero es conocida (d1 ), el espesor anatómico, que se ha representado como (d3) sería: d3 = d1 -d2 Therefore, after unfolding the flexometer (5) the distance (d2) is obtained, and since the distance from the focus to the board is known (d1), the anatomical thickness, which has been represented as (d3) would be: d3 = d1 -d2
En la figura 2 se muestra una vista lateral de máquina de rayos-x en la que el foco (9) puede tener una distancia variable respecto del tablero (1 ). El tubo (3) se puede mover verticalmente sobre la columna (8) la cual dispone de un transductor (7) que determina la distancia del foco (9) al tablero (1 ). Una posible forma de realización del transductor (7) pudiera ser un potenciómetro. Al igual que en el caso anterior al desplegar el flexometro o cinta métrica (5) hasta contactar con la parte superior del cuerpo del paciente, se obtienen el valor de la distancia (d2), y dado que la distancia del foco al tablero es conocida (d1 ), el espesor anatómico sería: d3 = d1 -d2 por lo tanto, gracias a la incorporación de los medios descritos se consigue calcula el espesor anatómico de la zona anatómica a radiar de un modo sencillo, fácil y sin posibilidad de equivocación alguna por parte del operador. Figure 2 shows a side view of an x-ray machine in which the focus (9) can have a variable distance from the board (1). The tube (3) can be moved vertically on the column (8) which has a transducer (7) that determines the distance of the focus (9) to the board (1). A possible embodiment of the transducer (7) could be a potentiometer. As in the previous case when deploying the flexometer or measuring tape (5) until contacting the upper part of the patient's body, the distance value (d2) is obtained, and since the distance from the focus to the board is known (d1), the anatomical thickness would be: d3 = d1 -d2 therefore, thanks to the incorporation of the described means it is possible to calculate the anatomical thickness of the anatomical area to radiate in a simple, easy way and without the possibility of any mistake by the operator.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, se hace constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba, siempre que no altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental. Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is stated that, within its essentiality, It may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and which will also achieve the protection sought, provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . - Máquina de rayos-x con compensación automática de espesor anatómico caracterizada porque anexo o incorporado en un conjunto de emisión de rayos- x, formado por un tubo de rayos-x (3) y un colimador (4), bien sobre el propio tubo, sobre el colimador o sobre cualquier soporte asociado a dicho conjunto, se dispone un flexómetro o cinta métrica (5), que tiene asociado un transductor de la elongación (6) que mide el despliegue realizado por el flexómetro (5), para la medición de una distancia (d2) que va desde el foco (9) hasta la parte superior de la zona del cuerpo a radiar, y cuenta con los medios para a partir de este valor obtener el valor del espesor anatómico o distancia (d3). one . - X-ray machine with automatic anatomical thickness compensation characterized in that it is attached or incorporated in an x-ray emission set, consisting of an x-ray tube (3) and a collimator (4), either on the tube itself , on the collimator or on any support associated with said assembly, there is a flexometer or measuring tape (5), which has an associated elongation transducer (6) that measures the deployment made by the flexometer (5), for measurement of a distance (d2) that goes from the focus (9) to the upper part of the area of the body to radiate, and has the means to from this value obtain the value of the anatomical thickness or distance (d3).
2. - Máquina de rayos-x con compensación automática de espesor anatómico según la reivindicación 1 caracterizada porque el transductor de la elongación (6) que mide el despliegue del flexómetro (5), es un potenciómetro. 2. - X-ray machine with automatic anatomical thickness compensation according to claim 1 characterized in that the elongation transducer (6) measuring the deployment of the flexometer (5) is a potentiometer.
3. - Máquina de rayos-x con compensación automática de espesor anatómico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizada porque en cado de que el tubo de rayos-x sea posible posicionarlo a una distancia variable respecto del tablero, sobre una columna (8) respecto de la que se desplaza el conjunto de radiación se dispone un transductor (7) de la distancia del foco al tablero (1 ). 3. - X-ray machine with automatic anatomical thickness compensation according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that in case the x-ray tube is possible to position it at a variable distance from the board, on a column (8) with respect to from which the radiation set moves a transducer (7) of the distance from the focus to the board (1) is arranged.
4. - Procedimiento de compensación automática de espesor anatómico en una máquina de rayos-x como la anteriormente reivindicada caracterizado porque para conocer el espesor se despliega un flexómetro o cinta métrica (5) hasta contactar con la parte superior de la parte a radiar obteniendo la distancia (d2), por otro lado, como la distancia del foco al tablero es conocida (d1 ), el espesor anatómico (d3) sería: d3 = d1 -d2 4. - Automatic anatomical thickness compensation procedure in an x-ray machine like the one previously claimed, characterized in that a flexometer or measuring tape (5) is deployed to know the thickness until contacting the upper part of the part to be radiated obtaining the distance (d2), on the other hand, as the distance from the focus to the board is known (d1), the anatomical thickness (d3) would be: d3 = d1 -d2
PCT/ES2013/070450 2013-07-02 2013-07-02 X-ray machine with automatic compensation for anatomical thickness WO2015001139A1 (en)

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