WO2014209144A1

WO2014209144A1 - Wind turbine with a vertical shaft

Info

Publication number: WO2014209144A1
Application number: PCT/PL2014/050037
Authority: WO
Inventors: Zbigniew ŁAZUR
Original assignee: Łazur Zbigniew
Priority date: 2013-06-25
Filing date: 2014-06-11
Publication date: 2014-12-31
Also published as: EP3014115A1; PL226556B1; PL404434A1

Abstract

Wind turbine with a vertical shaft, where said shaft is coupled to a power generator and has uniformly distributed around its circumference four perpendicular and disposed symmetrically arms, on the ends of which there are placed multi-member wings mechanically coupled in pairs, characterized in that, the multi-member wings are placed in between two two-member parallel plates (14, 17 and 17A) placed on a common axle (10), wherein the former (14) are attached to the main axle (10) of the wing rigidly, while the latter (17 and 17A) are attached to this axle (10) pivotally, whereas between the plates placed pivotally there is permanently fixed a main wing (13) with a symmetrical aviation profile, to said main wing's trailing edge there is attached a flexible flat panel (13A) ended with a rigid strip (13C), to which end there is attached an end wing (13B) through at least three elastic connectors (15), while in the front of the main wing (13) between the plates placed pivotally (17 and 17A) there is a rotary mounted front wing (12) with a symmetrical aviation profile, wherein the outlines of the boundaries of the main wing and the front one do not intersect, and in the windward wings position, when an axis symmetry (28) of the rigid plate (14) is perpendicular to the axle of a rotor's arm (11) and the axle of the front wing is moved along the direction of the wind flow by value at least equal to the thickness of the main wing (13) profile measured at the axle (10) of rotation of the pivoted plates (17 and 17A), and comprises a second power generator (2A) placed rotary in an axle (1) of the turbine's shaft driven by steering cables (7) coupling in pairs the multi-member wings, wherein the steering cables are attached to tensioning arms (9C), interconnected rigidly with the axles (10) of the main wings (13) and are placed in the direction of the axle (10) of the turbine's shaft, while on the opposite side of the axle (10) on a predetermined length of arms (9B) there are placed balancing weights (9D), wherein the steering cables (7) pass between retaining rollers (6), whose axles (6A) of rotation are placed on the arms (11) of the 12 rotor (1) at a distance not more than the length of the tension arm (9C) measured from the steering cable (7) connector (8) and pass through guide rollers (5) placed rotary on a disc (4) mounted on rotor's shaft (2B) of the second generator (2A), where said disc is connected with a stator (2C) of the second generator (2A) through assembly of compression springs (25) disposed in a constant radius from the axle (2B) of the second generator (2A).

Description

Wind turbine with a vertical shaft

The present invention is a wind turbine with a vertical shaft, designed for utilizing wind energy for household purposes.

From U.S. Patents No. 3 897 170, 3 902 072, 4 496 273, 6 779 966, 7 258 527 there are known wind turbines with vertical rotor axle. These turbines are characterized by the fact that to the vertical axle, through various types of hubs and gears, there are mounted arms, at the ends of which there are various kinds and shapes blades, wherein the amount of the arms is different and varies from three to nine. In addition the blades are equipped with elements allowing their partial rotation, according to the wind direction, which at the moment said elements are subjected. Essential for the efficiency of a wind turbine is the best possible selection of the quantity of the blades, their shape, and the way of setting said blades in the direction of the wind. Applied herein are solutions consisting the fact, that the blade is rotary mounted at one end, and at some distance from the axle of rotation there is placed pin or resistant surface, which creates the conditions for the reception of the wind energy, and while moving upwind the blades take the position relative to the wind with a smallest surface thereby obtaining difference of moments.

Furthermore from Polish patent description No. 70 658 there is known wind turbine with vertical shaft, wherein a rotor consists movable blades articularly embedded on arms, which are mounted radially on the circumference of that shaft. From Polish patent description No. 105 099 there is known wind turbine with a rotor with a vertical shaft to which perpendicularly on several levels, at right angles there are mounted four horizontal axles, and on said axles there are two-piece movable blades. From the Polish patent description No. 54 609 it is also known turbine air motor, equipped with two rotors with vertical axles, mounted on a common support plate. The rotors are partially housed with two symmetrical air streams deflectors. Polish patent descriptions No. 40 165 - wind motor and No. 40 378- wind motor with vertical shaft also discuss the construction of wind turbines with rotors with vertical axles and movable blades.

The Polish patent No. 25 034 presents wind motor consisting of a cylinder mounted on a vertical axle with fixed on the surface thereof axles, which are parallel to the axle of the cylinder, movable wings, having a curvature same, as the curvature of the cylinder surface. Each of the wings covers the adequate part of that surface. Operation of the motor lies in the fact, that in the resting position, under pressure from springs the wings line up radially in the direction of the axle of cylinder, applying pressure of its convex side to supports. Under the pressure of the wind rotation is caused by a blow to the concave surface of the wing, held in the radial position while the convex surfaces of the wing are pressed to the surface of the cylinder.

There are also known wind motors with a vertical axle of the rotor, inter alia, from U.S. Patent No. 3 897 170. These motors are characterized by the fact, that to the vertical axle, through various types of hubs and gears, there are mounted arms, on the ends of which there are various kinds and shapes blades, wherein the amount of the arms varies from three to nine. In addition the blades are equipped with elements allowing their partial rotation, according to the wind direction, which at the moment are subjected. Important for the efficiency of a wind turbine is the optimal selection of the quantity of the blades, their shape, and the way of their setting in the direction of the wind, that is self-steering.

There is also known from the Polish patent description 162 656 a wind motor equipped with blades that have a cross-sectional shape of an aircraft wing, wherein the blade is divided along the longitudinal axle into two parts, upper and lower and between these parts there is, lying also in the longitudinal axle, a stabilizing - reinforcing beam. The upper and lower parts of the blades are pivotally connected together in such a way that, in the front part, forming oval part of the blade and are connected linearly by the stabilizing -reinforcing beam, in the rear part are connected by a lever system, wherein the system causes the opening and closing of the blade and is actuated by a fin comprising an extension of the lower part, and after closing of the blade the extension of the contour of the upper part. Manufactured in this way blades, whose longitudinal axle is parallel to the vertical axle of the motor are connected in a known manner with the vertical axle.

From German patent description No. 2 826 180 there is known windmill with a vertical axle of rotation. In centric ring relative to the vertical axle of rotation it has vertical axles mounted on the circumference, on which sails are mounted. The sails area is divided by said vertical axles into two unequal parts. The vertical axles have mounted below the ring straight yokes, and in them sliding sliders mounted on cranks, which other arm is connected with control ring. The control ring is disposed eccentrically to the axle of rotation of the windmill and has an internal toothed rim. Also the ring with the sails has an internal toothed rim. Both toothed rims are coupled with gear mechanism. Rotation of the ring causes a rotation of the control ring; thereby the sliders through the yokes are causing rotation of the vertical axles with the sails. Thus the sails are set transversely to the direction of the wind on the side of the windmill moving along that direction and parallel to the direction of the wind on the side moving in opposite to the direction of the wind.

Essence of a wind turbine with vertical shaft, where said shaft is coupled to a power generator and has uniformly distributed around its circumference four perpendicular and disposed on two levels symmetrical arms, on the ends of which there are placed multi-member wings mechanically coupled in pairs, is characterized in that, the multi-member wings are placed in between two two-member parallel plates placed on a common axle, wherein former are attached to the main axle of the wing rigidly, while the latter are attached to this axle pivotally. Whereas between the plates placed pivotally there is permanently fixed a main wing with a symmetrical aviation profile, to said main wing's trailing edge there is attached a flexible flat panel ended with a rigid strip, to which end there is attached an end wing through at least three elastic connectors, while in the front of the main wing between the plates placed pivotally there is there is a rotary mounted front wing with a symmetrical aviation profile, wherein the outlines of the boundaries of the main wing and the front one do not intersect, and in the windward wings position, when an axis symmetry of the rigid plate is perpendicular to the axle of a rotor's arm the axle of the front wing is moved along the direction of the wind flow by value at least equal to the thickness of the main wing profile measured at the axle of rotation of the pivoted plates. At the same time the turbine comprises a second power generator placed rotary in an axle of the turbine's shaft driven by steering cables coupling in pairs the multi -member wings, wherein the steering cables are attached to tensioning arms, interconnected rigidly with the axles of the main wings and are placed in the direction of the axle of the turbine's shaft, while on the opposite side of the axle, on a predetermined length of arms there are placed balancing weights, wherein the steering cables pass between retaining rollers, whose axles of rotation are placed on the arms of the rotor at a distance not more than the length of the tension arm measured from the steering cable connector and pass through guide rollers placed rotary on a disc mounted on rotor's shaft of the second generator, where said disc is connected with a stator of the second generator through assembly of compression springs disposed in a constant radius from the axle of the second generator.

It is preferable that, to the stator of the second generator there is attached a worm gear through a worm wheel, and when on the tensioning arm near the attachment of the steering cable there is placed a permanent magnet, and on the arm of a turbine's rotor there is placed a second permanent magnet, wherein the magnets face each other with the same polarity and they are placed on the same radius from the axle of the main wing, while on the arm of turbine's rotor in the front of the second magnet there is placed an elastic stopper of the multi-member wing rotation . It is preferable that, an angle between the axis of the tension arm and the symmetry axis of the rigid plate is 45 degrees.

It is preferable that, to the front wing, on the arm there is attached a steering fin. It is also preferable that, to the one of the pivotal plates, on an arm there is attached a steering fin.

It is preferable that, an axle of the front wing is located on the half of its length. Wind turbine with a vertical shaft is shown in embodiment in the drawing, in which: Fig.1 shows the turbine in a side view of,

Fig.2 shows the turbine in a top view,

Fig.3 a detail associated with a second generator - longitudinal section,

Fig.4 a detail of associated with the second generator- top view with extracts,

Fig.5 a detail associated with the distribution of balancing masses and a shock absorbing of a wing,

Fig.6 view from the top showing the relative position of a fixed and a pivoted plate, Fig.7 a general view of a multi-member wing,

Fig.8 a top view of the multi-member wing variant with a steering fin connected to a front wing,

Fig.9 - Fig.16 show phases of the multi -member wing position on the circumference of a turbine's shaft, respectively for the angles 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, 165 degrees, 180 degrees and 220 degrees.

Turbine with a vertical axle of rotation consists of a shaft 1, to which there are permanently and perpendicularly attached on two levels arms 11 by means of connecting discs 11 A. These arms are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the shaft 1, on the ends of said arms there are rotary mounted axles of main wings 10. On this axle there are placed two-member plates: rigid 14, pivotable 17 and 17A, of said plates the rigid one 14 is permanently attached to the axle 10 by the fastening element 19, locking pins 19A, while the plates 17 and 17A are pivotally mounted on the axle 10. Between the plates 17 and 17A pivotally paced there is permanently attached main wing 13 with a symmetrical aviation profile. To a trailing edge of that wing there is attached a flexible flat sheet 13A ended with a rigid strip 13C, to which end there is attached an end wing 13B through three elastic connectors 15. In the front of the main wing 13 between pivotally placed plates 17 and 17A, on an axle 12A there is rotary mounted a front wing 12 with a symmetrical aviation profile, where said wing extreme positions are determined by limiters 12 B. Boundaries drawn by the ends of the main wing 13 and the front one 13 do not intersect. At the same time in the windward position of the main wing 13 and the front wing 12, when an axis of symmetry of a rigid plate 28 is perpendicular to the axle of the rotor's arm 11 the axle of the front wing is moved along the direction of the wind flow by value equal to the thickness of the main wing 13 profile measured at the axle 10 of rotation of the pivoted plates. The turbine shaft 1 at its bottom part is coupled to the first generator 2, while on the upper section of the turbine shaft in said shaft there is mounted a second generator 2A. This generator is rotary placed in the axle of the turbine's shaft 1 and its driven by steering cables 7 coupling in pairs opposite multimember wings. Tension adjustment of the control cables 7 is done by regulator comprising a rotary sleeve 27 placed on the turbine shaft 1 , to said sleeve there is attached a worm wheel 3 driven by a stepper motor 3B through the worm shaft 3A. The stepper motor 3B is placed on a base 3C attached to the arms 11. The regulator with a worm gear sets angular position of a stator 2C of the second generator 2 A relatively to the arms 11 of the turbine's rotor 1. Change in a position of an angle of the second generator's 2 A stator 2C changes a position of disc 4 mounted on a rotor's shaft 2B of the second generator 2A. Through this guide rollers 5 placed on the disc 4 change the tension of the steering cable 7 passing between them and cause a change in the position angle of a multi-member wing situated in the phase 180 degrees indicated in Figure 14. When the steering cable 7 is tensioned by the worm gear causing rotation of the disc 4 in right direction then at this time the angle included between the axle 28 of the rigid plate and the axis of symmetry of the turbine's rotor's 1 arm 11. At an instance when the multi-member wing changes its position, and performs a rotation passing from a phase 165 degrees to a phase 180 degrees shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14 Then the steering cable 7 passing through the rollers 5 and connecting opposite multi-member wings through tensioning arms 9C, causes pulling of the opposite wing in the direction of the turbine's shaft 1, while aiming to tensioning, which causes rotation of the disc 4 connected with the second generator 2A. The disc 4 on which there are mounted the guide rollers 5 acts consequently on compression springs 25, which absorb the tension of the steering cable 7. The second generator 2A with a suitably chosen resistance receives energy from the tension of the steering cable 7. At the time of return to the starting position the compression spring 25 perform work causing returning of the disc 4. The steering cables 7 are attached to the tension arms 9C connected rigidly through a fastening element 9 with clamps 9A and the axles of the main wings 10 and are placed in the axial direction of the turbine's shaft 1. On the opposite side of the axle 10 on the predetermined length of arms 9B there are placed balancing weights 9D. At the same time the steering cables 7 pass between retaining rollers 6, whose rotation axles 6B are placed on the arms 11 of the rotor at a distance equal to the length of the tension arm 9C measured from a connector 8 of the steering cable. Subsequently the steering cables 7 pass through the guide rollers 5 rotary placed on axles 5A placed on the disc 4. This disc is mounted on the rotor's shaft 2B of the second generator 2A and connected to the stator 2C of the second generator 2A through the assembly of compression springs 25 disposed on a constant radius from the axle of the second generator 2A. To the disc 4 there are rigidly attached two brackets 22 disposed symmetrically. To the brackets 22 by means of hinges there are attached mandrels 24, on which there are placed the compression springs 25. The compression springs 25 at one side are based against the bracket 22, while on the other side they are based against a sleeve 26 of a bracket 23 connected with the stator 2C. The turbine employs magnetic shock absorbers in the form of permanent magnets 20 and 20A respectively placed on the tension arms 9C and the arms 11 of the turbine's rotor 1. The tension arms 9C determine a position of the multi-member wing and form a constant angle with respect to the axis of symmetry 28 of the rigid plate 14 and equal to 45 degrees, wherein elements of the multi-member wing: the axles of the main wing 10, the rigid pate 14, the end wing 13B together with the tension arm 9C form rigid closed system. In addition, on the rotor's 1 arms 11 there are placed the multi -member wing's elastic stoppers 16 which are receivers of the end energy of the changing position of the multi-member wing shown in Figure 11.

In order to accelerate position changes of the front wing 12 assist system was used consisting of a steering fin 18B connected with the front wing 12 through an arm 18C, while position of the pivotable plates 17 and 17A is assisted by a steering fin 18B connected to the pivotable plate 17A through an arm 18. The utilizing listed above steering fins 18 and 18B improves the proper position of elements of the multi-member wing.

Claims

1. Wind turbine with a vertical shaft, where said shaft is coupled to a power generator and has uniformly distributed around its circumference four perpendicular and disposed symmetrically arms, on the ends of which there are placed multi- member wings mechanically coupled in pairs, characterized in that, the multimember wings are placed in between two two-member parallel plates (14, 17 and 17A) placed on a common axle (10), wherein the former (14) are attached to the main axle (10) of the wing rigidly, while the latter (17 and 17A) are attached to this axle (10) pivotally, whereas between the plates placed pivotally there is permanently fixed a main wing (13) with a symmetrical aviation profile, to said main wing's trailing edge there is attached a flexible flat panel (13 A) ended with a rigid strip (13C), to which end there is attached an end wing (13B) through at least three elastic connectors (15), while in the front of the main wing (13) between the plates placed pivotally (17 and 17A) there is a rotary mounted front wing (12) with a symmetrical aviation profile, wherein the outlines of the boundaries of the main wing and the front one do not intersect, and in the windward wings position, when an axis symmetry (28) of the rigid plate (14) is perpendicular to the axle of a rotor's arm (11) and the axle of the front wing is moved along the direction of the wind flow by value at least equal to the thickness of the main wing (13) profile measured at the axle (10) of rotation of the pivoted plates (17 and 17 A), and comprises a second power generator (2A) placed rotary in an axle (1) of the turbine's shaft driven by steering cables (7) coupling in pairs the multi-member wings, wherein the steering cables are attached to tensioning arms (9C), interconnected rigidly with the axles (10) of the main wings (13) and are placed in the direction of the axle (10) of the turbine's shaft, while on the opposite side of the axle (10) on a predetermined length of arms (9B) there are placed balancing weights (9D), wherein the steering cables (7) pass between retaining rollers (6), whose axles (6A) of rotation are placed on the arms (11) of the rotor (1) at a distance not more than the length of the tension arm (9C) measured from the steering cable (7) connector (8) and pass through guide rollers (5) placed rotary on a disc (4) mounted on rotor's shaft (2B) of the second generator (2A), where said disc is connected with a stator (2C) of the second generator (2A) through assembly of compression springs (25) disposed in a constant radius from the axle (2B) of the second generator (2A).

2. The turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, to the stator (2C) of the second generator (2A) there is attached a worm gear through a worm wheel (3)

3. The turbine according to claim 1 , characterized in that, on the tensioning arm (9C) near the attachment of the steering cable (7) there is placed a permanent magnet

(20), and on the arm (11) of a turbine's rotor (1) there is placed a second permanent magnet (20A), wherein the magnets (20 and 20A) face each other with the same polarity and they are placed on the same radius from the axle (10) of the main wing (13), while on the arm (1 1) of turbine's rotor (1) in the front of the second magnet (20A) there is placed an elastic stopper (16) of the multi-member wing rotation.

4. The turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that, an angle between the axis of the tension arm (9C) and the symmetry axis (28) of the rigid plate (14) is 45 degrees.

5. The turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, to the front wing (12) on an arm (18C) there is attached a steering fin (18B).

6. The turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, to the one of the pivotal plates (17, 17A) on an arm (18A) there is attached a steering fin (18).

7. The turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, an axle of the front wing

(12) is located on the half of its length.