WO2014209121A1 - Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system - Google Patents

Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014209121A1
WO2014209121A1 PCT/NL2014/050422 NL2014050422W WO2014209121A1 WO 2014209121 A1 WO2014209121 A1 WO 2014209121A1 NL 2014050422 W NL2014050422 W NL 2014050422W WO 2014209121 A1 WO2014209121 A1 WO 2014209121A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
heat buffer
liquid
buffer
wall parts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2014/050422
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Adrianus Wilhelmus DE GROOT
Original Assignee
Ecovat Ip B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecovat Ip B.V. filed Critical Ecovat Ip B.V.
Priority to EP14739256.7A priority Critical patent/EP3014189B1/en
Priority to US14/901,679 priority patent/US10024549B2/en
Publication of WO2014209121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014209121A1/en
Priority to US15/829,854 priority patent/US10788271B2/en
Priority to US16/011,322 priority patent/US10900666B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
    • F24D3/122—Details
    • F24D3/127—Mechanical connections between panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H7/00—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release
    • F24H7/02—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid
    • F24H7/04—Storage heaters, i.e. heaters in which the energy is stored as heat in masses for subsequent release the released heat being conveyed to a transfer fluid with forced circulation of the transfer fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D20/0043—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material specially adapted for long-term heat storage; Underground tanks; Floating reservoirs; Pools; Ponds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
    • F28D2020/0008—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in plate-like or laminated elements, e.g. in plates having internal compartments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall part for manufacturing a heat buffer, a thus manufactured heat buffer and an energy exchange system in which such a buffer is incorporated.
  • Energy exchange systems are per se known. Their general principle is to store heat and cold at the moment that there is a surplus and to utilize this heat at times of demand, particularly seasonal storage from summer to winter. This usually involves solar heat and thermal heat generated in particular with heat pumps which are controlled with their own current from their own PV panels which is stored underground, wherein a liquid such as water and/or glycol is used to provide heat capacity, cold capacity or a combination of the two.
  • the known systems do of course meet a certain demand but they also have diverse drawbacks, particularly in respect of a low efficiency or a limited degree of storage capacity, scalability or applicability in an existing built-up area.
  • the invention provides for this purpose a heat buffer according to claim 1 and a wall part for forming a heat buffer, comprising a substantially plate-like body, at least one liquid throughflow circuit incorporated in the body, one or more hydraulic couplings accessible from the outer side of the wall part for discharge and supply of liquid to the liquid throughflow circuit and configured for coupling to hydraulic couplings of a similar wall part.
  • At least some of the wall parts will be coupled and connected by means of the so-called Tichelmann connection principle, whereby uniform pressure losses and attendant energy-saving use of the pumps for circulating the liquid can be achieved.
  • the wall part according to the present invention provides the option of forming, by means of coupling to similar or identical wall parts, an assembly of optionally hydraulically coupled or connected parts, and thus forming a heat buffer with a storage capacity of any desired size.
  • the wall part can for this purpose be for instance substantially plate-like, rectangular, trapezium-shaped or optionally curved.
  • the liquid throughflow circuit is configured to form part of or to form a heat exchanger.
  • An assembly of wall parts according to the present invention is for this purpose brought into contact with a medium with a suitable heat capacity, which can in particular be groundwater. For this specific purpose the wall parts are then placed under the ground, for instance in the groundwater.
  • the wall part according to the invention can be a latticework for holding a hose or tube and can also be provided with such a hose or tube intended for placing in a recess which is provided for the purpose in the ground and which is then poured full of for instance concrete.
  • (Nets with) conduit registers cast into a (thus prefab) concrete element can however also be applied. Such elements can be embedded directly in the ground or also in still liquid concrete.
  • the parts can take an insulated form, wherein the liquid throughflow circuit can have been or be formed by a hose or tube cast into the concrete or a conduit register arranged on the wall part.
  • Such prefab parts in particular can be provided with a seal for sealing a contact surface of the two wall parts in liquid-tight and preferably thermally sealed manner in the situation where they are coupled to a similar wall part.
  • the mechanical coupling is preferably configured to couple similar devices with their walls at an angle to each other.
  • An endless assembly, particularly a polygon, which encloses the medium can in this way be formed by mutually connecting wall parts according to the present invention.
  • the wall parts can have for instance a trapezium- shaped cross-section for this purpose.
  • a first wall part can be coupled to a similar second wall part by means of a mechanical coupling, for instance comprising at least one protrusion and one hook, wherein the protrusion is provided on the first wall part and the hook is provided on the second wall part.
  • a mechanical coupling for instance comprising at least one protrusion and one hook, wherein the protrusion is provided on the first wall part and the hook is provided on the second wall part.
  • the protrusion and the hook are placed such that the second wall part can be coupled substantially in vertical direction to the first wall part.
  • Wall parts can in this way be placed in the ground and connected to each other one by one.
  • the wall parts according to the present invention preferably have a width of between one and four metres, a height of between ten and twenty-five metres and a thickness of between zero and one and a half metres.
  • the present invention also relates to a heat buffer comprising at least two wall parts as according to any of the foregoing claims, and in particular wherein the mechanically coupled devices are connected such that they enclose a space. They more preferably also comprise a floor and/or cover part for closing the enclosed space on an upper and/or underside.
  • a desired volume of the heat buffer lies between 15 and 25,000 m 3 and can even rise to 60,000 m 3 .
  • the aim according to the present invention is the largest possible tank so that, with a relatively small difference in temperature, the highest possible energetic storage capacity, and therefore the highest possible efficiency, can be obtained.
  • the heat buffer can comprise a plurality of preferably connected groups of coupled wall parts arranged around each other.
  • An exemplary configuration comprises for instance concentric circles or polygons, although a zigzag or meandering form can also be envisaged.
  • the heat buffer is filled with a medium for storing energy, for which purpose groundwater or other liquid can for instance be chosen.
  • the heat buffer can also comprise a plurality of preferably connected groups of coupled wall parts arranged one above another, wherein a thermal barrier, for instance formed by a partition or otherwise substantially horizontally extending element such as a floor part, is arranged in each case between the wall parts arranged one above another in order to make use in this way of the natural stratification of water layers due to the temperature differences.
  • the groups arranged around or above each other which thus form their own compartments, can be used to store volumes of the medium with different temperature, wherein it is possible to draw each time from the compartment with the temperature most suitable for that moment.
  • the efficiency of the heat buffer can be increased considerably when it is surrounded by an extra outer wall.
  • Such an outer wall can be arranged in the ground prior to placing of the heat buffer.
  • a technique suitable for the purpose is the per se known cutter soil mixing.
  • a space is cleared here in the ground, for instance by means of drilling or milling, which space is filled with a material, such as cement, which is curable optionally in combination with moisture present in the ground.
  • the outer wall is placed at a distance from the heat buffer (to be formed), so that a cavity results.
  • This cavity can be left empty or be filled with an insulating material of choice which, just as the content of the buffer, can be water.
  • Such a buffer can be manufactured by placing a cavity in the above described manner, subsequently positioning the wall parts and then fixing these in their positions.
  • Use can be made for this fixing of a clamping means of controllable size, for instance a bag which is placed between the outer wall and the wall parts and is then filled, for instance with a cement.
  • the present invention further relates to an energy exchange system, comprising a heat buffer as described above, a hydraulic heat exchange system connected to the liquid throughflow circuit of at least one of the wall parts of the heat buffer, comprising at least one heat absorbing device for absorbing heat or cold, relinquishing thereof to a liquid and carrying the liquid to which the heat has been relinquished to the liquid throughflow circuit; and at least one heat generating device for receiving liquid carried through the liquid throughflow system and generating heat, such as a heating system in a building. Due to the use of the efficient buffer according to the invention such a device has an exceptionally high efficiency. It is hereby even possible in an energy exchange system, comprising a heat buffer as described above, a hydraulic heat exchange system connected to the liquid throughflow circuit of at least one of the wall parts of the heat buffer, comprising at least one heat absorbing device for absorbing heat or cold, relinquishing thereof to a liquid and carrying the liquid to which the heat has been relinquished to the liquid throughflow circuit; and at least one heat generating device for receiving
  • the energy exchange system to comprise a plurality of heat generating devices placed in a plurality of buildings, and to mutually couple a plurality of buffers so that a network of buffers is created.
  • the energy exchange system comprises a control system for controlling the liquid flow between the heat exchange system, the heat absorbing device and the heat generating device.
  • a control system controls the heat supply and discharge to and from the heat buffer.
  • control system is characterized in a preferred embodiment in that the control system is configured to receive a temperature forecast for the relevant location, wherein the control system is configured to store energy in or generate energy from the tank on the basis of the received temperature forecast.
  • the temperature forecast can be obtained from a meteorological institute, via an RSS feed or in other per se known manner.
  • the energy exchange system according to the present invention is still more particularly characterized in that the control system is configured to store energy in or generate it from the heat buffer on the basis of the temperatures measured in the past and the temperatures expected in the future, wherein each measuring point in the past and each measuring point in the future is weighted with its own weighting factor.
  • the quantity of energy from the buffer to be generated or absorbed is determined on the basis of such a weighting factor for the purpose of bringing a building to and/or keeping it at a determined temperature.
  • the energy from the building is used to charge the buffer and carry cold from the buffer to the building. Because the tank is divided into different temperature levels created by the natural stratification of the water in the tank, the correct level of charging and discharging can be determined by means of control engineering.
  • measuring points in the past are weighted with a lower factor than measuring points in the future.
  • the control system is configured to adjust the control on the basis of the difference between the temperature forecast and an actually measured temperature, such as that in a connected building and/or the buffer tank.
  • Figures la,b show a sectional view of a wall part according to the present invention.
  • Figure lc shows the protrusion and hook construction of figures la and lb in detail
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of a buffer according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a weighting of measuring points in a system according to the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows a user interface of software for adjusting the control system according to the present invention.
  • figure 6 shows a cross-section of a heat buffer according to the present invention provided with an outer wall.
  • Figure la shows a sectional view 1 of a wall part 2 according to the present invention, comprising a substantially plate-like body 3 with a liquid throughflow circuit 4 incorporated in the body, and four hydraulic couplings 5, 6, 7, 8 accessible from the outer side of wall part 2 for discharge and supply of liquid to the liquid throughflow circuit 4 and configured for coupling to hydraulic couplings of a similar device. Also visible is a mechanical coupling 9, 10 provided on the wall part and comprising a protrusion 10 and a hook 9 for coupling wall part 2 to at least one similar wall part. Finally shown is a seal 12 for liquid-tight sealing of a contact surface of the two wall parts in the situation where they are coupled to a similar wall part.
  • Figure lb shows a top view of an alternative embodiment 2A.
  • protrusion 10A Shown in protrusion 10A is a seal 11, and it can be clearly seen that the cross-section of this embodiment is a trapezium- shaped cross-section. It can also be seen that protrusions 10A and the associated hooks can be located on the outer side of a wall part as well as on an end surface.
  • Figure lc shows the protrusion and hook construction of figures la and lb in detail.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view 13 of a buffer according to the present invention, consisting of a plurality of preferably connected groups 14, 15, 16 of coupled wall parts 2 arranged around each other.
  • Figures 3a, b, c show schematic views 17, 18, 19 of the mutual hydraulic coupling of wall parts 20 according to the present invention in accordance with the Tichelmann principle.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a weighting of measuring points in a system according to the present invention, which adheres to the general guidelines according to the IS SO publication 29 pursuant to the Building Decree 2012, including amendments dated 17 April 2012.
  • the guidelines provided in the ISSO are based on the knowledge gathered from a literature search and experiments.
  • the static and dynamic heat flows of installations have been simulated using computer models.
  • the results of the simulation models have been verified by field measurements, which have contributed toward the final form of these models.
  • a manual calculation method has been derived with which an installation can be designed in reliable manner on the basis of the building characteristics and comfort requirements.
  • the calculation method consists of eight steps. 1. determining the heat loss through outer walls;
  • Determining the capacity to be supplied from the tank consists of the eight steps listed above; six for determining the stationary heat demand, one for the heating-up surcharge and one for the capacity to be finally determined and supplied from the tank at a determined point in time. This capacity is determined every 30 minutes by calculating step 1 to 8 with addition or subtraction of information on the internal heat production and solar irradiation received from the building.
  • An adaptive temperature limit value can in this way be provided in accordance with figure 5.
  • Figure 5 shows a user interface of software for adjusting the control system according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment 31 wherein an outer wall 33 is arranged around wall parts 32 for the purpose of thus forming a cavity 34. Wall parts 32 are held in place by clamping elements formed by bags 35 and 36, which are shown both before (35A, 36A) being filled with a filler such as cement and after being filled with this filler.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

Heat buffer comprising at least mechanically coupled wall parts, wherein each of the wall parts comprises a substantially plate-like body; a liquid throughflow circuit incorporated in the body; one or more hydraulic couplings accessible from the outer side of the wall part for discharge and supply of liquid to the liquid throughflow circuit and configured for coupling to hydraulic couplings of a similar device; and is coupled at a mutual angle about a substantially vertical axis to a similar wall part, wherein the mechanically coupled devices are connected such that they enclose one space and wherein the heat buffer also comprises a floor and/or cover part for closing the enclosed space on an upper and/or underside.

Description

Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system
The present invention relates to a wall part for manufacturing a heat buffer, a thus manufactured heat buffer and an energy exchange system in which such a buffer is incorporated.
Energy exchange systems are per se known. Their general principle is to store heat and cold at the moment that there is a surplus and to utilize this heat at times of demand, particularly seasonal storage from summer to winter. This usually involves solar heat and thermal heat generated in particular with heat pumps which are controlled with their own current from their own PV panels which is stored underground, wherein a liquid such as water and/or glycol is used to provide heat capacity, cold capacity or a combination of the two. The known systems do of course meet a certain demand but they also have diverse drawbacks, particularly in respect of a low efficiency or a limited degree of storage capacity, scalability or applicability in an existing built-up area.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to obviate at least some of the above stated drawbacks or to provide a usable alternative to the prior art.
The invention provides for this purpose a heat buffer according to claim 1 and a wall part for forming a heat buffer, comprising a substantially plate-like body, at least one liquid throughflow circuit incorporated in the body, one or more hydraulic couplings accessible from the outer side of the wall part for discharge and supply of liquid to the liquid throughflow circuit and configured for coupling to hydraulic couplings of a similar wall part.
In an embodiment at least some of the wall parts will be coupled and connected by means of the so-called Tichelmann connection principle, whereby uniform pressure losses and attendant energy-saving use of the pumps for circulating the liquid can be achieved.
The wall part according to the present invention provides the option of forming, by means of coupling to similar or identical wall parts, an assembly of optionally hydraulically coupled or connected parts, and thus forming a heat buffer with a storage capacity of any desired size. The wall part can for this purpose be for instance substantially plate-like, rectangular, trapezium-shaped or optionally curved. The liquid throughflow circuit is configured to form part of or to form a heat exchanger. An assembly of wall parts according to the present invention is for this purpose brought into contact with a medium with a suitable heat capacity, which can in particular be groundwater. For this specific purpose the wall parts are then placed under the ground, for instance in the groundwater.
The wall part according to the invention can be a latticework for holding a hose or tube and can also be provided with such a hose or tube intended for placing in a recess which is provided for the purpose in the ground and which is then poured full of for instance concrete. (Nets with) conduit registers cast into a (thus prefab) concrete element can however also be applied. Such elements can be embedded directly in the ground or also in still liquid concrete.
The parts can take an insulated form, wherein the liquid throughflow circuit can have been or be formed by a hose or tube cast into the concrete or a conduit register arranged on the wall part.
Such prefab parts in particular can be provided with a seal for sealing a contact surface of the two wall parts in liquid-tight and preferably thermally sealed manner in the situation where they are coupled to a similar wall part.
The mechanical coupling is preferably configured to couple similar devices with their walls at an angle to each other. An endless assembly, particularly a polygon, which encloses the medium can in this way be formed by mutually connecting wall parts according to the present invention. The wall parts can have for instance a trapezium- shaped cross-section for this purpose.
In an embodiment a first wall part can be coupled to a similar second wall part by means of a mechanical coupling, for instance comprising at least one protrusion and one hook, wherein the protrusion is provided on the first wall part and the hook is provided on the second wall part. It is of course possible to envisage a plurality of protrusions and hooks, wherein it is also possible for a wall part to be equipped with both protrusions and hooks for the purpose of connecting one adjacent wall part.
For the purpose of installing an underground buffer it is recommended that the protrusion and the hook are placed such that the second wall part can be coupled substantially in vertical direction to the first wall part. Wall parts can in this way be placed in the ground and connected to each other one by one.
The wall parts according to the present invention preferably have a width of between one and four metres, a height of between ten and twenty-five metres and a thickness of between zero and one and a half metres.
The present invention also relates to a heat buffer comprising at least two wall parts as according to any of the foregoing claims, and in particular wherein the mechanically coupled devices are connected such that they enclose a space. They more preferably also comprise a floor and/or cover part for closing the enclosed space on an upper and/or underside. A desired volume of the heat buffer lies between 15 and 25,000 m3 and can even rise to 60,000 m3. The aim according to the present invention is the largest possible tank so that, with a relatively small difference in temperature, the highest possible energetic storage capacity, and therefore the highest possible efficiency, can be obtained.
In order to obtain an exceptionally high efficiency the heat buffer can comprise a plurality of preferably connected groups of coupled wall parts arranged around each other. An exemplary configuration comprises for instance concentric circles or polygons, although a zigzag or meandering form can also be envisaged. The heat buffer is filled with a medium for storing energy, for which purpose groundwater or other liquid can for instance be chosen. The heat buffer can also comprise a plurality of preferably connected groups of coupled wall parts arranged one above another, wherein a thermal barrier, for instance formed by a partition or otherwise substantially horizontally extending element such as a floor part, is arranged in each case between the wall parts arranged one above another in order to make use in this way of the natural stratification of water layers due to the temperature differences.
The groups arranged around or above each other, which thus form their own compartments, can be used to store volumes of the medium with different temperature, wherein it is possible to draw each time from the compartment with the temperature most suitable for that moment.
The efficiency of the heat buffer can be increased considerably when it is surrounded by an extra outer wall. Such an outer wall can be arranged in the ground prior to placing of the heat buffer. A technique suitable for the purpose is the per se known cutter soil mixing. A space is cleared here in the ground, for instance by means of drilling or milling, which space is filled with a material, such as cement, which is curable optionally in combination with moisture present in the ground.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the outer wall is placed at a distance from the heat buffer (to be formed), so that a cavity results. This cavity can be left empty or be filled with an insulating material of choice which, just as the content of the buffer, can be water.
Such a buffer can be manufactured by placing a cavity in the above described manner, subsequently positioning the wall parts and then fixing these in their positions. Use can be made for this fixing of a clamping means of controllable size, for instance a bag which is placed between the outer wall and the wall parts and is then filled, for instance with a cement. The present invention further relates to an energy exchange system, comprising a heat buffer as described above, a hydraulic heat exchange system connected to the liquid throughflow circuit of at least one of the wall parts of the heat buffer, comprising at least one heat absorbing device for absorbing heat or cold, relinquishing thereof to a liquid and carrying the liquid to which the heat has been relinquished to the liquid throughflow circuit; and at least one heat generating device for receiving liquid carried through the liquid throughflow system and generating heat, such as a heating system in a building. Due to the use of the efficient buffer according to the invention such a device has an exceptionally high efficiency. It is hereby even possible in an
embodiment for the energy exchange system to comprise a plurality of heat generating devices placed in a plurality of buildings, and to mutually couple a plurality of buffers so that a network of buffers is created.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the energy exchange system comprises a control system for controlling the liquid flow between the heat exchange system, the heat absorbing device and the heat generating device. Such a control system controls the heat supply and discharge to and from the heat buffer.
The control system according to the present invention is characterized in a preferred embodiment in that the control system is configured to receive a temperature forecast for the relevant location, wherein the control system is configured to store energy in or generate energy from the tank on the basis of the received temperature forecast.
The temperature forecast can be obtained from a meteorological institute, via an RSS feed or in other per se known manner. The energy exchange system according to the present invention is still more particularly characterized in that the control system is configured to store energy in or generate it from the heat buffer on the basis of the temperatures measured in the past and the temperatures expected in the future, wherein each measuring point in the past and each measuring point in the future is weighted with its own weighting factor. The quantity of energy from the buffer to be generated or absorbed is determined on the basis of such a weighting factor for the purpose of bringing a building to and/or keeping it at a determined temperature. Tn a further embodiment the energy from the building is used to charge the buffer and carry cold from the buffer to the building. Because the tank is divided into different temperature levels created by the natural stratification of the water in the tank, the correct level of charging and discharging can be determined by means of control engineering.
In a further embodiment of the present invention measuring points in the past are weighted with a lower factor than measuring points in the future. In yet another embodiment the control system is configured to adjust the control on the basis of the difference between the temperature forecast and an actually measured temperature, such as that in a connected building and/or the buffer tank.
The invention will now be elucidated with reference to the following figures. Herein:
Figures la,b show a sectional view of a wall part according to the present invention;
Figure lc shows the protrusion and hook construction of figures la and lb in detail;
Figure 2 shows a top view of a buffer according to the present invention;
- Figures 3a-c show schematic views of the hydraulic system of an energy storage system according to the present invention;
Figure 4 shows an example of a weighting of measuring points in a system according to the present invention;
Figure 5 shows a user interface of software for adjusting the control system according to the present invention; and
figure 6 shows a cross-section of a heat buffer according to the present invention provided with an outer wall.
Figure la shows a sectional view 1 of a wall part 2 according to the present invention, comprising a substantially plate-like body 3 with a liquid throughflow circuit 4 incorporated in the body, and four hydraulic couplings 5, 6, 7, 8 accessible from the outer side of wall part 2 for discharge and supply of liquid to the liquid throughflow circuit 4 and configured for coupling to hydraulic couplings of a similar device. Also visible is a mechanical coupling 9, 10 provided on the wall part and comprising a protrusion 10 and a hook 9 for coupling wall part 2 to at least one similar wall part. Finally shown is a seal 12 for liquid-tight sealing of a contact surface of the two wall parts in the situation where they are coupled to a similar wall part. Figure lb shows a top view of an alternative embodiment 2A. Shown in protrusion 10A is a seal 11, and it can be clearly seen that the cross-section of this embodiment is a trapezium- shaped cross-section. It can also be seen that protrusions 10A and the associated hooks can be located on the outer side of a wall part as well as on an end surface. Figure lc shows the protrusion and hook construction of figures la and lb in detail.
Figure 2 shows a top view 13 of a buffer according to the present invention, consisting of a plurality of preferably connected groups 14, 15, 16 of coupled wall parts 2 arranged around each other.
Figures 3a, b, c show schematic views 17, 18, 19 of the mutual hydraulic coupling of wall parts 20 according to the present invention in accordance with the Tichelmann principle.
Figure 4 shows an example of a weighting of measuring points in a system according to the present invention, which adheres to the general guidelines according to the IS SO publication 29 pursuant to the Building Decree 2012, including amendments dated 17 April 2012. The guidelines provided in the ISSO are based on the knowledge gathered from a literature search and experiments. The static and dynamic heat flows of installations have been simulated using computer models. The results of the simulation models have been verified by field measurements, which have contributed toward the final form of these models. For practical use a manual calculation method has been derived with which an installation can be designed in reliable manner on the basis of the building characteristics and comfort requirements. The calculation method consists of eight steps. 1. determining the heat loss through outer walls;
2. determining heat losses to adjacent buildings;
3. determining the heat loss through the roof;
4. determining the heat loss through the floor;
5. determining infiltration or ventilation losses;
6. determining the stationary heat losses;
7. determining the heating-up surcharge;
8. determining the total capacity to be installed.
The calculations of internal heat production and solar irradiation are taken into account here. Determining the capacity to be supplied from the tank consists of the eight steps listed above; six for determining the stationary heat demand, one for the heating-up surcharge and one for the capacity to be finally determined and supplied from the tank at a determined point in time. This capacity is determined every 30 minutes by calculating step 1 to 8 with addition or subtraction of information on the internal heat production and solar irradiation received from the building. An adaptive temperature limit value can in this way be provided in accordance with figure 5.
Figure 5 shows a user interface of software for adjusting the control system according to the present invention. Figure 6 shows an embodiment 31 wherein an outer wall 33 is arranged around wall parts 32 for the purpose of thus forming a cavity 34. Wall parts 32 are held in place by clamping elements formed by bags 35 and 36, which are shown both before (35A, 36A) being filled with a filler such as cement and after being filled with this filler.
The above stated figures are purely illustrative and in no way limit the scope of protection of the present invention as laid down in the following claims.

Claims

Claims
1. Heat buffer, comprising coupled wall parts, wherein:
-each of the wall parts comprises
o a substantially plate-like body;
o a liquid throughflow circuit incorporated in the body;
o one or more hydraulic couplings accessible from the outer side of the wall part for discharge and supply of liquid to the liquid throughflow circuit and configured for coupling to hydraulic couplings of a similar device; and
o is coupled at a mutual angle about a substantially vertical axis to a similar wall part;
wherein
-the devices are connected such that they enclose one space;
and wherein:
-the heat buffer also comprises a floor and/or cover part for closing the enclosed space on an upper and/or underside.
2. Heat buffer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall parts are coupled mechanically, comprising a mechanical coupling provided on at least one of the wall parts for coupling the wall part to at least one similar wall part.
3. Heat buffer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of preferably connected groups of coupled wall parts arranged around each other.
4. Heat buffer as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising a plurality of preferably connected groups of coupled wall parts arranged one above another, wherein a thermal insulation is arranged in each case between the wall parts arranged one above another.
5. Heat buffer as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the heat buffer has a volume of between 15 and 60,000 m3 and in particular between 15 and 25,000 m3.
6. Heat buffer as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, filled with a medium for storing energy, in particular with groundwater.
7. Heat buffer as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, comprising an outer wall surrounding the wall parts at a distance, thus forming a cavity.
8. Heat buffer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cavity is filled with an insulating material, in particular water.
9. Heat buffer as claimed in claim 7 or 8, comprising a clamping means arranged at least partially in the cavity for holding the wall parts at a distance relative to the outer wall.
10. Wall part evidently intended for the purpose of forming a heat buffer as claimed in any of the foregoing claims.
11. Wall part as claimed in any of the foregoing claims 6-7, with a width of between one and four metres, and a height of between ten and sixty metres, and in particular between ten and twenty-five metres.
12. Energy exchange system, comprising:
a. A heat buffer as claimed in any of the claims 1 -9, b. A hydraulic heat exchange system connected to the liquid throughflow circuit of at least one of the wall parts of the heat buffer, comprising at least:
i. A heat absorbing device for
1. absorbing heat such as solar heat;
2. relinquishing this heat to a liquid;
3. carrying the liquid to which the heat has been relinquished to the liquid throughflow circuit; and at least
ii. A heat generating device for
1. receiving liquid carried through the liquid throughflow system;
2. generating heat, such as a heating system in a building.
13. Energy exchange system as claimed in claim 12, comprising a plurality of heat generating devices placed in a plurality of buildings.
14. Energy exchange system as claimed in claim 12 or 13, comprising a control system for controlling the liquid flow between the heat exchange system, the heat absorbing device and the heat generating device.
15. Energy exchange system as claimed in claim 14, wherein
- the control system is configured to receive a temperature forecast; and
- wherein the control system is configured to store energy in or generate energy from the tank on the basis of the received temperature forecast.
16. Energy exchange system as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein the control system is configured to store energy in or generate it from the heat buffer on the basis of the temperatures measured in the past and the temperatures expected in the future, wherein each measuring point in the past and each measuring point in the future is weighted with its own weighting factor.
17. Energy exchange system as claimed in claim 16, wherein measuring points in the past are weighted with a lower factor than measuring points in the future.
18. Control system evidently intended for use in an energy exchange system as claimed in claim 16 or 17, configured to adjust the control on the basis of the difference between the temperature forecast and an actually measured temperature.
PCT/NL2014/050422 2013-06-28 2014-06-26 Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system WO2014209121A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

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EP14739256.7A EP3014189B1 (en) 2013-06-28 2014-06-26 Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system
US14/901,679 US10024549B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2014-06-26 Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system
US15/829,854 US10788271B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2017-12-01 Underground thermal energy storage
US16/011,322 US10900666B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-06-18 Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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NL2011061 2013-06-28
NL2011061A NL2011061C2 (en) 2013-06-28 2013-06-28 WALL PART, HEAT BUFFER AND ENERGY EXCHANGE SYSTEM.

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US15/829,854 Continuation-In-Part US10788271B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2017-12-01 Underground thermal energy storage
US16/011,322 Continuation US10900666B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-06-18 Wall part, heat buffer and energy exchange system

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US10024549B2 (en) 2018-07-17
US10900666B2 (en) 2021-01-26
US20160370016A1 (en) 2016-12-22
EP3014189A1 (en) 2016-05-04
US20180299139A1 (en) 2018-10-18
EP3014189B1 (en) 2020-07-22

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