WO2014209090A1

WO2014209090A1 - Stationary refrigerator operating on a renewable natural source of cold

Info

Publication number: WO2014209090A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2014/000007
Authority: WO
Inventors: Анатолий Васильевич КОВШИК
Original assignee: Kovshik Anatoliy Vasilievich
Priority date: 2013-06-26
Filing date: 2014-06-11
Publication date: 2014-12-31
Also published as: RU2014124402A; RU2585480C2

Abstract

The invention relates to refrigeration technology, and more particularly to cold accumulators for use primarily in food storage facilities. The present refrigerator comprises a housing and cold-accumulating reservoirs filled with a cold-accumulating fluid, and vertically oriented hermetic tubular coolers are installed inside the reservoirs, wherein the heads of said tubular coolers extend beyond the refrigerator housing and the tubular coolers are filled with a cold-carrying agent which enables the transfer of cold from the heads of the tubular coolers to the lower portions thereof which are immersed in the cold-accumulating reservoirs containing the cold-accumulating fluid. The proposed refrigerator design makes it possible to avoid the use of electrical energy in the running of the refrigerator and thus makes it possible to use said refrigerator in hard-to-reach locations and areas with an unstable electricity supply, as well as for the purpose of saving electrical energy in cases of high energy consumption.

Description

Stationary refrigerator

working on a renewable natural source of cold

Technical field

The invention relates to refrigeration, and in particular to cold accumulators for use primarily in food storage facilities.

The most important task in the refrigeration industry is to reduce the cost of electric energy for the operation of refrigerators. This problem is solved by providing refrigeration chambers with effective thermal insulation, the use of modern refrigerants and the use of complex, expensive refrigeration units, which guarantee their reliable operation.

State of the art

Methods and devices for accumulating cold in food storage rooms are widely known in refrigeration technology, which are divided into the following areas:

1. The creation of cold in stationary refrigerators and mobile refrigerators using special refrigerants and refrigeration compressors, driven by electric energy or internal combustion engines.

2. Creating cold in stationary refrigerators by pre-filling them with specially prepared ice in the winter. In this case, mobile refrigerators are filled in between the periods of their operation from the same pre-prepared ice reserves.

3. Creating cold in refrigerators by creating artificial snow and ice.

4. The creation of cold in limited volumes by using liquefied gases (nitrogen, argon, etc.).

All these methods require large amounts of energy (electricity and liquid or gaseous energy carriers). In addition, ice making requires significant manual labor and transportation costs.

The simplest refrigeration facilities are known with cooling their chambers with natural ice, which is annually prepared by sawing up river ice (see N. S. Komarov, “Refrigerator's Handbook”, 2nd edition, State Scientific and Technical Publishing House, machine-building literature, M ., 1962, p. 283).

The disadvantage of this refrigerator is the need for annual refueling with reserves of mined ice. The closest in technical essence to the claimed one is a refrigerator in the form of a carriage - a glacier, including a thermally insulated body, equipped with cold storage tanks in the form of tanks filled periodically with natural or artificial crushed ice (see V. A. Bobrov, “Production and use of ice”, M ., "Food industry", 1977, p. 87).

The disadvantage of the refrigerator - the prototype is also the need for its multiple refueling with a stock of mined ice in between flights.

An object of the present invention is to charge a stationary refrigerator by using the natural resources of the cold to directly accumulate it directly in the stationary refrigerator.

Summary of the invention

The problem is achieved in that in the known refrigerator, comprising a housing and cold storage tanks (s), according to the invention, the cold storage tanks are filled with cold storage liquid, and vertically oriented, sealed tubular coolers are installed inside the tanks, removed by their heads outside the housing refrigerator and filled with a cold transporting agent, providing the transfer of cold from the heads of the tubular coolers to their lower parts immersed in the tank and holodoakkumuliruyuschey liquid.

Tanks with cold storage liquid are placed inside the working space of the refrigerator along the perimeter of the walls and (or) in the bottom and (or) ceiling parts and (or) are installed inside the refrigerator.

At the same time, cold storage tanks are made of structural metal.

At the same time, cold storage tanks can be made in the form of supporting structures to support the ceiling and ceiling cold storage tanks.

Also cold storage tanks can be made of plastic.

It is recommended to install expansion joints for liquid expansion in cold storage tanks when its state of aggregation changes.

The refrigerator case may be buried below the zero mark of the soil.

In another embodiment, the refrigerator body may be located above the zero level of the soil and made thermally insulated.

In this case, the tube coolers can be made inclined. Cold storage tanks can be insulated from the working space of the housing, moreover, the insulation can be applied directly to the cold storage tanks or made in the form of partitions removed from them, and the insulation can be equipped with means for controlling the thermal regime, made, for example, in the form of windows equipped with adjustable doors .

Alternatively, the ceiling of the refrigerator body with the pipe coolers transporting the cold passing up through it can be covered by an additional roof with the formation of a “wind tunnel” between the additional roof and the outer surface of the ceiling of the body in the direction of the wind rose.

These innovations will allow the refrigerator to operate autonomously, using the annual onset of winter colds, and also without automatic equipment and human intervention to ensure the initial temperature in the cold accumulator, which corresponds to the minimum air temperature in winter.

At the same time, the implementation of cold accumulators in the form of sealed containers (sections) filled constantly with a cold-accumulating liquid, capable of changing the state of aggregation under the influence of cold transmitted vertically by a liquid or gaseous agent, placed in an air-tight tubular cooler, allows cold charging in winter time to a lower temperature limit and self-locking when the external air temperature reaches a value higher than the accumulated temperature in the cold accumulator.

The implementation of cold storage tanks made of structural metal allows them to provide structural strength and tightness when freezing liquids, as well as good heat transfer into the working space of the refrigerator. Moreover, due to the high vertical stiffness and stability, for example, tubular structures, these containers can play the role of supporting structures to support the ceiling and ceiling containers, which significantly reduces the metal consumption of the refrigerator.

At the same time, the manufacture of cold-storage containers made of plastic with molded compensation bends of the planes increases their reliability in conditions of expansion of the volumes of water-containing liquids placed in them during freezing, and also simplifies the installation of these structural elements. The use of compensators allows avoiding rupture of containers during freezing of a cold storage liquid.

Deepening the refrigerator case below the zero level of the soil allows for a higher external thermal insulation of the case and, therefore, a longer period of its effective operation when the season of positive ambient temperatures sets in.

Placing the refrigerator case above the zero level of the soil will facilitate its operation, and if there are open windows in the initial stage of freezing, it will accelerate the process of creating an ice mass inside cold storage tanks.

The installation of tubular coolers with a cold-transporting agent kerosene at an angle allows you to increase the speed of the convective transfer of cold due to a clearer separation of the “cold” and “warm” layers.

External thermal insulation of cold storage tanks from the working space of the refrigerator, as well as the presence of windows with doors in it, allow you to control the process of supplying cold to the working space of the refrigerator. In this case, thermal insulation can be applied directly to cold storage tanks or made in the form of partitions of various configurations.

In turn, the design of the zone between the additional roof and the ceiling of the refrigeration chambers in the form of a "wind tunnel" increases the wind speed in this zone, which prevents the accumulation of snow in it and accelerates the cooling of the pipe heads due to the high-pressure wind pressure.

The proposed device is illustrated by drawings, where

Figure 1 shows an example of a refrigerator with inside installed cold storage with a useful volume of 60 m (top view).

In FIG. 2 shows a section through the refrigerator AA in FIG.

In FIG. 3 shows a refrigerator with cold storage containers made of plastic located along the perimeter of the walls.

In FIG. 4 shows a general sectional view of the refrigerator.

The device of FIG. 1 and 2 contain a thermally insulated housing 1, a refrigeration room in the form of chambers 2 and an auxiliary room 3, located below the zero elevation of the soil, cold storage tanks 4, filled with a cold storage medium with pipe coolers 5 and compensators installed vertically in the batteries 6. The upper part of the pipe cooler 5 is led out from the working space of the refrigerator to a space in communication with the atmosphere, and equipped with ribs 7 in the form of radiators to improve the heat transfer process. Moreover, the space between the ceiling 8 and the additional roof 9 is made with the formation of a “wind tunnel” and is oriented in the direction of the wind rose in winter. For convenience of servicing the refrigerator, an elevator is installed in its auxiliary zone.

Another variant of placement of cold storage tanks in a buried room is shown in FIG. 3, where plastic molded containers 10 are used, generally located around the perimeter of the refrigerator in its buried part. Tubular coolers 11 with their lower end are buried in cold storage tanks 10, and the upper finned parts are brought outside the refrigeration chamber into an area that communicates with the surrounding space. A refrigerant, for example, freon or kerosene, is poured inside the tube coolers, with kerosene filling almost the entire space of the tube cooler, leaving only free space for expansion when heated. However, only the lower part of the pipe is filled with freon, while leaving free space for its evaporation and condensation of its vapor in the zone in contact with the cold atmosphere.

As cold storage media, water, seawater, and solutions of salts such as NaCl and KC1 are used.

When using kerosene or any other liquid that does not change the state of aggregation during cooling and heating in the temperature range available in winter as a coolant in tubular coolers, tubular coolers can be installed at an angle to the vertical to accelerate the process of circulation of the coolant along the tubular cooler and, as a result, accelerate the cooling of cold storage fluid.

Along with the described, cold storage tanks can be located on the bottom of the refrigerator, on the ceiling, and can also be installed inside the refrigerator in a linear or staggered manner and have a rectangular or round cross-section.

Moreover, these containers can be made of structural metal and play the role of supporting elements for ceiling cold storage tanks and ceiling supporting structures.

To minimize the loss of cold, the refrigerator body can be buried below the zero level of the soil.

At the same time, during intensive operation of the refrigerator, the refrigerator body can be placed above the zero mark to ensure reliable insulation surfaces in contact with open air and the bottom of the refrigerator. It is necessary to use a thermally insulated vestibule.

The outer walls of the body of a recessed refrigerator can either be provided with reliable thermal insulation from the surrounding soil, or, conversely, they can create maximum contact with the surrounding soil to freeze it with the creation of a thermal barrier and thereby - to minimize the consumption of cold into the soil from the refrigerator itself.

At the same time, for greater effect, the soil around the body is moistened before freezing.

Cold storage tanks are insulated from the working space of the refrigerator, while thermal insulation can be applied (attached) directly to the outer surface of the containers or built remotely from the tanks in the form of heat-insulating partitions.

In both cases, windows equipped with adjustment doors are made to control the thermal regime of the working space in thermal insulation.

To accelerate the cooling process of the heads of the tubular coolers, extending into the space between the outer surface of the ceiling of the refrigerator 12 and the additional roof 13 (figure 4), the gap between the latter is performed in the form of a "wind tunnel".

The refrigerator operates as follows.

Cold storage tanks 4 are filled with a cold storage liquid capable of changing the state of aggregation in the desired range of subzero temperatures, and cold conducting sealed tube coolers 5 are filled with an agent transporting cold from top to bottom due to convection or condensation of vapors.

A non-freezing liquid, for example, kerosene or a low boiling liquid (for example, liquefied chladone or propane), is used as a cold-transfer agent.

When using kerosene in a season with low ambient temperatures lower than the temperature inside the refrigerator, the upper layers of kerosene are cooled by ambient air and, due to their higher density, are lowered down the tube cooler, forcing warmer kerosene out of the lower part and at the same time removing heat through the tube wall cooler from a cold storage liquid located in a cold storage tank.

In turn, the “warm” layers of kerosene rise up into the zone of low temperatures, give off heat to the air surrounding the head of the tubular cooler and, having cooled, go down along the tubular cooler. The so-called convective heat transfer occurs. This transfer continues until the air temperature above becomes higher than the steady-state temperature below. In this case, convection stops and the cold-transporting tube coolers stop working, that is, they self-lock until lower temperatures, or until the next winter season.

In the process of cooling, the cold-accumulating liquid freezes at sub-zero temperatures, which allows to accumulate a greater amount of cold when its aggregate state changes than when it is simply cooled. Moreover, to create an ordered vertical movement of the layers of “cold” and “warm” kerosene, the pipe cooler must be tilted from the vertical, which increases convection and, as a result, the rate of accumulation of cold.

Compensators 6 must be installed inside the cold storage tanks to prevent them from thawing during thermal expansion of the cold storage liquid during freezing. As them can be used wooden bars and hollow elastic products in limbo.

When using low-boiling liquids as carriers of cold, the temperature of their condensation is chosen in the lower range of average statistical minus winter temperatures. At the same time, the liquid located in the lower part of the tubular cooler evaporates, its vapor rises up, under the action of the cold surrounding the head space, condenses, giving off heat, and flows down the walls of the tubular cooler, where the cold-accumulating liquid is released, and then evaporate again.

When warming the outside air, the vapor condensation stops and the pipe cooler stops working.

In order to avoid heat transfer through the metal of the pipe cooler in the spring, summer and autumn seasons, it is recommended to put on insulating covers on the upper heads of the pipe coolers.

As calculations show, a refrigerator charged with cold in winter, in areas with temperatures up to minus 30 ° C, accumulates a sufficient amount of cold and, with good external thermal insulation, provides minus temperature in working chambers for all eight spring, summer and autumn months.

The use of the proposed refrigerator allows organizing the provision of a new type of refrigerator with objects remote from energy sources, such as distant pastures, fishing bases, field camps, harvesting points, and abandon the use of electric energy for the operation of stationary refrigerators of large volume.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A stationary refrigerator operating on a renewable natural source of cold, including a housing and cold storage tanks (s) with a cold storage agent located inside them, placed inside the refrigerator’s working space, characterized in that the cold storage tanks are filled with cold storage liquid and inside containers are installed vertically oriented sealed tubular coolers, removed with their heads outside the refrigerator body and filled with transporting cold d agent providing the transfer of cold at sub-zero ambient temperatures from the heads of the tubular coolers in contact with the outside air, to their lower parts, immersed in containers with cold storage liquid.

2. A stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the containers are placed inside the refrigerator’s working space along the perimeter of the walls and (or) in the bottom and (or) ceiling parts and (or) are installed inside the refrigerator in a certain order.

3. A stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold storage tanks are made of structural metal.

4. A stationary refrigerator according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the cold storage tanks are in the form of supporting structures to maintain the overlap of the working chambers and ceiling cold storage tanks.

5. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold storage containers are made of plastic.

6. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that compensators for the thermal expansion of the cold storage liquid are installed inside the cold storage tanks when its state of aggregation changes (liquid - ice).

7. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigerator body is buried below the zero point of the soil.

8. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigerator body is positioned above the zero level of the soil and is thermally insulated.

9. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular coolers with a cold transporting agent are inclined.

10. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold storage containers are provided with thermal insulation that protects them from the working space of the housing, and the thermal insulation is applied either directly to the cold storage capacity, or performed in the form of partitions with providing them with means for controlling the thermal regime in the refrigerator in the form of windows with doors.

11. The stationary refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceiling of the refrigerator body with the pipe coolers passing through it is provided with an additional roof with the formation of an “aerodynamic pipe” between the additional roof and the outer surface of the ceiling of the body in the direction of the wind rose.