WO2014207269A1 - Récepteur solaire à fluide caloporteur gazeux - Google Patents

Récepteur solaire à fluide caloporteur gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014207269A1
WO2014207269A1 PCT/ES2014/000103 ES2014000103W WO2014207269A1 WO 2014207269 A1 WO2014207269 A1 WO 2014207269A1 ES 2014000103 W ES2014000103 W ES 2014000103W WO 2014207269 A1 WO2014207269 A1 WO 2014207269A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panel
tubes
panels
receiver
solar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2014/000103
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Raúl NAVÍO GILABERTE
José María MÉNDEZ MARCOS
Maite DIAGO LÓPEZ
Hannah CASSARD
Regano Benito
Yen SOO TOO
Robbie Mcnaughton
Original Assignee
Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A. filed Critical Abengoa Solar New Technologies, S.A.
Publication of WO2014207269A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014207269A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the present invention is part of the solar energy sector, specifically referring to a solar cavity receiver, with heat transfer gas at high temperatures.
  • thermoelectric solar power plants of optical concentration systems which allow to achieve higher flow densities and thereby higher temperatures.
  • Central receiver (3D) systems use large surface mirrors (for example 40-125 m 2 per unit or even higher surfaces) called heliostats, which are equipped with a control system to reflect direct solar radiation on a central receiver located at the top of a tower.
  • concentrated solar radiation heats a fluid in the receiver at temperatures of up to 1000 ° C, whose thermal energy can then be used for electricity generation.
  • the solar tower concentration receivers can be placed in a cavity located in the upper part of the tower structure, whose cavity usually includes insulation that helps reduce thermal losses. The configuration must allow the incident power to exceed in magnitude the losses that occur due to radiation and convection.
  • parabolic trough collectors In parabolic trough collectors (2D), direct solar radiation is reflected by parabolic trough mirrors that concentrate it in a receiver or absorber tube through which a fluid that heats as a result of solar radiation circulates concentrated that affects it at maximum temperatures of 400 ° C. In this way, solar radiation is converted into thermal energy that is subsequently used to generate electricity using a Rankine cycle of steam water.
  • a variation of this technology is the linear fresnel concentration systems, in which the parabolic mirror is replaced by a fresnel discretization with mirrors of smaller dimensions that can be already flat or have a slight curvature in its axial axis, and that by means of the Control of its axial orientation allows concentrating solar radiation on the absorber tube, which in this type of applications usually remains fixed.
  • Stirling parabolic discs (3D) systems use a surface of mirrors mounted on a parable of revolution that reflect and concentrate the sun's rays in a specific spot, where the receiver in which the working fluid is heated is located. a Stirling engine that, in turn, drives a small electric generator.
  • the technology of central receiver using a gaseous heat transfer fluid, such as C0 2 has not been used so far in any commercial or demonstration plant in the world, although there are several patents in this regard that we will set forth below.
  • C0 2 has been used in solar applications in parabolic trough concentrators, but in these the concentration ratios, efficiencies, stresses in tubes and materials are radically different from those of a central receiver in a tower.
  • EP1930587 describes a tower concentration system with solar salt receiver, which includes a supercritical C0 2 turbine operating at 550 ° C.
  • thermodynamic cycle efficiencies barely exceed 45%, efficiencies above 55% are estimated for thermodynamic cycles with air or C0 2 at very high temperatures.
  • the difficulty of solar technology for the production of C0 2 at a very high temperature lies in the demanding thermomechanical conditions at which the receiver is operated.
  • the walls of the receiver tubes are continuously subjected to thermal cycles between the ambient temperature, the C0 2 temperature at the entrance of this receiver (typically 200 to 300 ° C), and the wall temperature necessary for heating the C0 2 to, for example, 800 ° C (in that case it would reach more than 1000 ° C wall temperature).
  • the thermal stress due to the large temperature differences causes cracks in the junction between the pipes and the manifolds that are used to configure the different fluid passages through the panels.
  • the invention that follows, therefore, seeks to take advantage of the use of a high temperature gaseous fluid in solar tower receivers, through a receiver configuration that solves existing risks in conventional receivers, achieving greater control of the plant and thus favoring the stability and durability of this and its components. Furthermore, said configuration allows to minimize the loss of pressure or pressure of the gaseous fluid and increase the efficiency in the absorption of solar energy.
  • the present invention relates to a solar receiver, of which they are located in a cavity of a solar tower, through which a gas circulates at low pressures (subcritical) or high pressures (supercritical), said gas being the heat transfer fluid.
  • a gas circulates at low pressures (subcritical) or high pressures (supercritical), said gas being the heat transfer fluid.
  • C0 2 is used as a heat transfer fluid, although use with other gases such as air and helium is not ruled out.
  • the receiver is composed of at least two panels connected to each other: at least one first panel through which the heat transfer fluid enters and at least another panel through which the heat transfer fluid exits. In the same receiver there can be several panels through which the cold fluid enters and several panels through which the hot fluid exits.
  • the panels in turn are formed by tubes through which the heat transfer fluid circulates.
  • Each panel comprises at least two steps.
  • step means a set of tubes in which the circulation of the fluid occurs in the same direction.
  • Each step will have a certain number of tubes and with a certain diameter depending on the panel.
  • the first panels have at least two steps.
  • the number of tubes will be reduced between 5 and 10% with respect to the number of tubes of the immediately previous step, following the same reduction criteria in the case of having more than two steps per panel and until Finish the number of steps of this one.
  • the first step will start with the same number of tubes as the last step of the first panel, but reducing the diameter of the tubes between 5 and 10% with respect to the diameter of the tubes from the previous panel.
  • the constant tube diameter is maintained along the panel, and the number of tubes of the second and subsequent passages is decreased according to the above criteria, that is, between 5 and 10% with respect to the number of tubes from the previous step.
  • one of the main problems of using a gaseous heat transfer fluid such as CO 2 in the receiver is the controllability of the receiver during transients as well as the high temperatures of the metal from which the receiver tubes are made.
  • two contiguous panels are arranged forming a certain angle between them in order to achieve a map of radiative flux density as homogeneous as possible and reduce thermal losses.
  • the central panels are located away from the opening of the cavity of the solar tower and so that they are not facing parallel to the opening and the panels located at the ends are they are forming 90 ° with the opening of the cavity, in this way, the efficiency of the receiver is maximized in terms of capturing the energy from the solar field.
  • the plane that contains the opening of the cavity in the solar tower forms an oblique angle with respect to the vertical in order to reduce the effective area of said opening, thus reducing also the thermal losses caused by the reflected and escaping energy of the cavity, and the closest heliostats can continue to focus on the top of the receiver. If this opening were in a completely vertical plane (perpendicular to the ground), it should be larger with respect to the oblique case, so that with the same aim of the heliostats closest to the tower, the same energy will be passed.
  • the cavity is internally coated with an insulating material that reflects the radiation.
  • the fluid moves at a fast speed only in the areas where it is required (areas of possible high temperature of metal, that is, where the fluid circulates at a higher temperature) because the electrical self-consumption is so high at compress it that it is necessary to have a loss of load as low as possible, which is achieved by causing the fluid to accelerate only when necessary.
  • the fluid it is considered appropriate for the fluid to travel between 12 and 17 m / s in the first or first panels (lower metal and fluid temperature zone), and travel between 20 and 25 m / s in areas with higher metal temperatures. This ensures proper cooling of the tubes in all areas while maintaining metal temperatures within the strength limits of the material.
  • the novelty within the panels themselves lies in the appropriate combination of the number of tubes and their diameter in each panel, as well as in the combination of different materials and / or coatings in the same receiver. Although a possible configuration for this type of receiver is to build them with the same number of tubes and the same diameter of all the tubes in each step of each panel, this configuration would not be optimal.
  • the panels may consist of different materials depending on the area of the receiver. That is, not all tubes that make up the receiver are of the same material.
  • the materials with the appropriate thermal conductivity are chosen depending on the maximum temperature of the receiver, so that they withstand the expected stresses in each zone, and thus maximize the thermal efficiency.
  • the fluid travels at relatively low speeds, so you can choose steels with chromium contents below 20% to work with cheaper materials, steps with a maximum metal temperature of 700 ° C, and with material conductivities between 25 and 37 W / mK.
  • steps with a maximum metal temperature of 700 ° C steps with material conductivities between 25 and 37 W / mK.
  • the maximum metal temperature is in these steps of 1100 ° C
  • more expensive materials with a nickel base and with conductivities between 15 and 25 W / m-K will be chosen.
  • the materials can be made of nickel-chromium alloy with conductivities between 15 and 30 W / m K.
  • not all panels have coatings or the same type of coating.
  • the panels with lower metal temperature (between 300 and 700 ° C, being those through which the fluid circulates with a lower temperature), have a lower absorptivity, either because it has a coating of absorptivity between 0.3 and 0.7 or for being unpainted directly and the panels with a higher metal temperature (between 700 and 1100 ° C, for being those through which the fluid circulates with a higher temperature) have a coating of high absorptivity (greater than 0.95) put which are heated almost only with the energy that is reflected in the panels with lower metal temperature.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of a four-panel solar receiver according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the panels and the inner faces of the cavity that are close to them, of a six-panel solar receiver according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional view of the cavity and panels of a four-panel receiver
  • Figure 4 shows a profile of the cavity and receiver of Figure 3
  • Figure 1 represents a preferred embodiment of the receiver of the present invention.
  • the receiver is formed by four contiguous panels, two of them located at the ends (4), each of which includes an inlet (1) of the heat transfer fluid and two centrals (5), each of which includes an outlet (2) of said heat transfer fluid.
  • Each panel is formed, in turn, by four steps (3) or four sets of tubes through which the fluid circulates in a certain direction.
  • This figure illustrates the direction of circulation of the fluid that enters through the arrows pointing upwards and exits, after going through several steps, through the arrows pointing downwards. The path that the fluid follows is described by the curved arrows.
  • the reduction ratios of tube diameters and number of tubes, as well as the choice of the number of tubes and diameter of the same initials for the first panel will be conditioned by the objective of achieving speeds in the first step of the first panel (panel of fluid inlet, (4)) in volume at 12m / s and speeds in the last step of the last panel (fluid outlet panel, (5)) in volume of 25m / s.
  • all the tubes would have an internal diameter of 20mm.
  • the first step of the first panel would have 20 tubes, the next 19, the next 18 and the next 17.
  • the length of the tubes that form the panels will be between 2 and 6 m (they should not be too long to avoid tensions due to displacements) and their external diameter will range between 20 and 60 mm, with thicknesses between 2 and 6mm
  • the receiver tubes can be of different material or have different coating.
  • one third of the total number of tubes of the first panel of the receiver will be austenitic steel, alloyed with up to 20% chromium, with metal temperatures maximums of up to 700 ° C and materials with conductivity between 25 and 37 W / mK.
  • metal temperatures maximums of up to 700 ° C and materials with conductivity between 25 and 37 W / mK.
  • more expensive nickel-based materials with conductivities between 15 and 25 W / m K will be chosen .
  • the maximum metal temperature is 900 ° C so that the materials can be nickel -chrome of conductivities between 15 and 30 W / m K and
  • Figure 2 shows a plan view of a configuration of the receiver with respect to the plane of the tower containing the opening of the cavity.
  • Said receiver consists of six panels. Be check that the panels (4) located at the ends form an angle of 90 ° with respect to the plane that contains the cavity.
  • Figures 3 and 4 represent perspective and profile views respectively of the receiver located in the cavity of a solar tower.
  • the receiver comprises four panels and the opening (6) of the cavity has an elliptical shape and is located in an oblique plane with respect to the vertical in order to reduce the effective area of said opening, thus reducing also the thermal losses caused by the reflected energy that escapes from the cavity.
  • These figures also represent the isolation panels (7) of the receiver.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un récepteur solaire à fluide caloporteur gazeux, de ceux qui sont placés dans une cavité de tour de réception. Le récepteur est formé d'au moins deux panneaux connectés, chaque panneau comprenant au moins deux passages, l'un d'eux, un ensemble de tubes dans lequel la circulation du gaz a lieu dans le même sens, et dans le premier panneau duquel le nombre de tubes de chaque passage se réduit entre 5 et 10% par rapport au passage antérieur, et le panneau suivant étant connecté en série avec le premier panneau, et commençant avec un premier passage comprenant le même nombre de tubes que le dernier passage du premier panneau mais dont le diamètre des tubes est entre 5 et 10% inférieur aux tubes du dernier passage du premier panneau, dans les passages suivants, le diamètre des tubes est maintenu constant tout au long du panneau, et le nombre de tubes de chaque passage diminue entre 5 et 10% par rapport au passage antérieur dans ce panneau.
PCT/ES2014/000103 2013-06-25 2014-06-24 Récepteur solaire à fluide caloporteur gazeux WO2014207269A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201300601A ES2527642B1 (es) 2013-06-25 2013-06-25 Receptor solar con fluido caloportador gaseoso
ESP201300601 2013-06-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014207269A1 true WO2014207269A1 (fr) 2014-12-31

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2014/000103 WO2014207269A1 (fr) 2013-06-25 2014-06-24 Récepteur solaire à fluide caloporteur gazeux

Country Status (2)

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ES (1) ES2527642B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014207269A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4485803A (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-12-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Solar receiver with interspersed panels
US20090241939A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-10-01 Andrew Heap Solar Receivers with Internal Reflections and Flux-Limiting Patterns of Reflectivity
US20100199974A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-12 Babcock Power Services Inc. Solar receiver panels
WO2013019670A2 (fr) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Capteur solaire à sel fondu et à circulation par serpentin vertical assemblé en usine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4485803A (en) * 1982-10-14 1984-12-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Solar receiver with interspersed panels
US20090241939A1 (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-10-01 Andrew Heap Solar Receivers with Internal Reflections and Flux-Limiting Patterns of Reflectivity
US20100199974A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-12 Babcock Power Services Inc. Solar receiver panels
WO2013019670A2 (fr) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group, Inc. Capteur solaire à sel fondu et à circulation par serpentin vertical assemblé en usine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2527642A2 (es) 2015-01-27
ES2527642R2 (es) 2015-04-09
ES2527642B1 (es) 2016-01-22

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