WO2014201750A1 - 一种地震临震监测系统及其安装方法 - Google Patents

一种地震临震监测系统及其安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014201750A1
WO2014201750A1 PCT/CN2013/079799 CN2013079799W WO2014201750A1 WO 2014201750 A1 WO2014201750 A1 WO 2014201750A1 CN 2013079799 W CN2013079799 W CN 2013079799W WO 2014201750 A1 WO2014201750 A1 WO 2014201750A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
main control
module
monitoring system
earthquake
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PCT/CN2013/079799
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王新安
林科
张兴
雍珊珊
王腾
谢峥
郭朝阳
张国新
冯晓星
葛彬杰
周中华
安辉耀
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Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
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Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/01—Measuring or predicting earthquakes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of seismic monitoring technology, and in particular, to a seismic earthquake monitoring system and a mounting method thereof.
  • the ground sound is the basic phenomenon existing in the earth. It is one of the important parameters directly representing the underground information except the seismic wave. It can reflect some geophysical and chemical information during the earthquake breeding process. The method is also one of the important areas of earthquake prediction research.
  • the present application provides a seismic earthquake monitoring system, including: a plurality of sets of sensor arrays for detecting different geoacoustic acoustic wave bands; and configured to perform output signals of the plurality of sets of sensor arrays a signal processing module for signal filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion; a signal transmission module, the signal transmission module includes a cable for transmitting an output signal of the signal processing module; and a main control module for receiving a signal transmitted by the cable a power management module for powering the signal processing module, the signal transmission module, and the main control module.
  • each set of sensor arrays includes an infrasound wave sensor group, an audible wave sensor group, and an ultrasonic sensor group
  • the infrasonic wave sensor group includes at least two infrasonic wave sensors connected in parallel
  • the audible wave sensor group includes at least two connected in parallel
  • An audible wave sensor the ultrasonic sensor group comprising at least two ultrasonic sensors connected in parallel.
  • the acoustic wave frequency range covered by the infrasound wave sensor group ranges from 0 Hz to 20 Hz
  • the acoustic wave frequency range covered by the audible wave sensor group ranges from 20 Hz to 20 kHz
  • the acoustic wave frequency range covered by the ultrasonic sensor group ranges from 20 kHz to 1 MHz.
  • the signal processing module includes a filter and an amplifier group, a channel converter, and an analog-to-digital converter that are sequentially connected; an output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the signal transmission module; The output signals of the type of sensors are summed and connected to a set of filters and amplifiers; the channel converters have a timed signal gating function.
  • the signal processing module includes a channel converter, filtering, and An amplifier group and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein an output of the analog-to-digital converter is coupled to the signal transmission module; an output signal of all sensors of the same type in each group of sensors is added and connected to the channel converter;
  • the channel converter has a time control signal gating function.
  • the signal transmission module includes a plurality of cables and at least one signal repeater, and one signal repeater is connected between each two cables; the cable is also used for electrical transmission provided by the battery management module To the signal processing module.
  • the main control module includes a main control unit and a storage transmitting unit that are sequentially connected, the main control unit is configured to determine storage and/or transmission of an input signal, and the storage transmitting unit includes a storage unit a storage unit for transmitting a signal from the unit and a transmitting unit for transmitting a signal transmitted by the main control unit.
  • the power management module includes a solar energy storage unit, an alternating current adapting unit, and a battery, wherein the solar energy storage unit and the alternating current adapting unit are respectively connected to the battery, and the battery is the signal processing module And the signal transmission module and the main control module supply power.
  • the present application provides a method for installing a seismic earthquake monitoring system, the system being the seismic earthquake monitoring system as described above, the method comprising: surrounding the plurality of sets of sensor arrays
  • the center of the borehole or deep well is mounted on the underside of the borehole or deep well.
  • a set of sensor arrays is mounted at an installation location, and the angle formed by the line connecting each of the two adjacent installation locations to the center is equal.
  • the plurality of sets of sensor arrays are packaged with an acoustically matched material, and the packaged plurality of sensor arrays are in direct contact with the bedrock or the dense soil; the signal processing module is installed adjacent to the plurality of sets of sensor arrays. And not in contact with the bedrock or dense soil; at least a portion of the cable is installed in the borehole or deep well; the main control module and the power management module are mounted on the surface.
  • the seismic earthquake monitoring system can capture the intensity, frequency and frequency of different geoacoustic information, and is suitable for monitoring the earthquake breeding process. Work with imminent earthquake prediction.
  • each sensor array there are at least two sensors of the same type in each sensor array, and one of the sensors can be used as a backup for the other, thereby improving the reliability of the earthquake monitoring system.
  • the sensor array can be used to sense the sound source information while sensing the frequency of the sound information by mounting the plurality of sets of sensor arrays around the center of the borehole or deep well.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a seismic earthquake monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a seismic earthquake monitoring system according to another embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment shown in FIG. Schematic diagram of the concrete realization
  • 4 is a schematic view showing a mounting surface of a sensor array when an earthquake seismic monitoring system is installed in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the installation of an earthquake seismic monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an earthquake gestation process and a seismic monitoring system based on the ground acoustic detection method, which adopts multiple sets of sensor arrays for detecting different geoacoustic acoustic wave bands to cover almost all spectral ranges of the ground acoustic information, and through signal processing.
  • the module performs signal filtering, amplification and analog-to-digital conversion on the output signals of the plurality of sensor arrays, and the processed signals are transmitted to the main control module via the signal transmission module; and the signal processing module, the signal transmission module and the main control are also passed through the power management module.
  • the module is powered.
  • the embodiment provides a seismic earthquake monitoring system, including: a plurality of sets of sensor arrays 50, a signal processing module 40, a signal transmission module 30, a main control module 20, and a power management module 10 .
  • the plurality of sets of sensor arrays 50 are used to detect different acoustic acoustic wave frequency bands, and each set of sensor arrays 50 includes an infrasound wave sensor group 511, an audible wave sensor group 502 and an ultrasonic sensor group 503, each sensor group including at least two in parallel Similar sensors, these similar sensors are backed up each other, that is, the infrasonic sensor group includes at least two infrasonic sensors connected in parallel, and the audible wave sensor group includes at least two audible wave sensors connected in parallel, and the ultrasonic sensor group includes At least two ultrasonic sensors connected in parallel, one of each sensor group being a backup of other sensors in the set of sensors.
  • the frequency response range covers the subsonic wave, the audible wave, and the ultrasonic wave, so that the system can completely capture the intensity, frequency and frequency of the ground sound information, and the reliability of the system can be improved by the backup method.
  • the acoustic wave frequency range covered by the infrasound wave sensor group includes but is not limited to 0 Hz-20 Hz
  • the acoustic wave frequency range covered by the audible wave sensor group includes but is not limited to 20 Hz-20 kHz
  • the acoustic wave frequency range covered by the ultrasonic sensor group includes but is not limited to 20kHz-lMHz.
  • the infrasonic wave sensor uses a fiber optic infrasonic wave sensor
  • the audible wave sensor uses a MEMS (Micro-E l ec t ro-Mechan i ca l Sys t em, MEMS) microphone
  • the ultrasonic sensor uses a quartz acoustic emission sensor.
  • the output signals of all the sensors of the same type in each sensor array are summed and sent to the signal processing module, that is, the output signals of all the subsonic sensors in the infrasound sensor group are summed and sent to the signal processing module, all audible waves
  • the output signals of all the audible wave sensors in the sensor group are also summed and sent to the signal processing module, and the output signals of all the ultrasonic sensors in the ultrasonic sensor group are also summed and sent to the signal processing module.
  • the signal processing module in this embodiment includes a filter and amplifier group 401, a channel converter 402, and an analog to digital converter 403 which are sequentially connected.
  • Each set of filter and amplifier sets 401 includes filters and amplifiers connected in series.
  • the filter and amplifier group 401 includes a set of low pass filters 4011 and amplifiers 4011a, a set of band pass filters 4012 and amplifiers 4012a, and a set of high pass filters. 4013 and amplifier 4013a.
  • the channel converter 402 has a time control signal gating function, for example, setting a certain time to allow the signal passing through the low pass filter and the amplifier to pass, allowing the signal passing through the band pass filter and the amplifier to pass at another time, passing through the high pass filter and The signal of the amplifier passes at another time.
  • the channel converter can be designed as a multi-way switch with a timer.
  • the output of the analog to digital converter is coupled to a signal transmission module.
  • a set of filters and amplifiers are connected to the output signals of all the sensors of the same type in a set of sensor arrays, as shown in FIG.
  • the signal processing module in another embodiment includes a channel converter 402, a filter and amplifier group 401, and an analog to digital converter 403 that are sequentially connected.
  • the channel converter, the filter and the amplifier group, and the analog-to-digital converter each have the same function as the foregoing embodiment, except that, at this time, the output signals of all the sensors of the same type in each set of sensor arrays are added and connected to have The channel converter of the time control signal strobe function is then processed by filtering, amplification, analog to digital conversion, and the like.
  • the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter is 20 Hz
  • the bandwidth of the band pass filter is 20 Hz _ 20 kHz
  • the cutoff frequency of the high pass filter is 20 kHz.
  • the signal transmission module 30 includes a plurality of cables 301 and at least one signal repeater 302, and one signal repeater is connected between each two cables, i.e., the number of cables 301 is more than one and only one more than the signal repeater 302.
  • the cable 301 can be used not only to transmit signals, but also to deliver power from the battery management module 10 to the signal processing module 40.
  • the use of signal repeaters avoids possible signal degradation during signal transmission.
  • the input signal of the signal transmission module 30 is connected to the cable 301 of the first position, and the output signal of the signal transmission module 30 is connected to the main control module 20 by the last cable 301.
  • the main control module 20 of this embodiment includes a main control unit 201 and a storage transmitting unit 202 that are sequentially connected.
  • the main control unit 201 is for determining the storage and/or transmission of an input signal from the signal transmission module 30.
  • the storage transmitting unit 202 includes a storage unit for storing signals transmitted by the main control unit 201 and a transmitting unit for transmitting signals transmitted by the main control unit 201. As shown in FIG. 3, the storage unit may be a local storage interface 2011.
  • the transmitting unit can be a mobile network interface 2022 or an Ethernet interface 2023. In other embodiments, the main control unit may not be provided, but the signal transmitted by the signal transmission module may be directly stored and/or forwarded.
  • the power management module 10 includes a solar energy storage unit 101, and an alternating current
  • the adapter unit 102 and the battery 103, the solar energy storage unit 101 and the AC power adapter unit 102 are respectively connected to the battery 103, and the battery 103 supplies power to the signal transmission module 30 and the main control module 20, respectively.
  • Powering the system through solar energy and AC power, such as 220V AC mains can ensure stable system operation, and it can work continuously under the condition of 220V AC mains interruption, so that the system can work normally in unattended field monitoring points.
  • FIG. 3 is a specific implementation of an earthquake seismic monitoring system according to an embodiment.
  • the connection relationship between each module and the internal unit is: three infrasonic wave sensor groups 501 composed of 0 Hz_20 Hz acoustic emission sensors are connected in parallel, and after the signals are added, The low-pass filter 4011 and the amplifier 4011a are sequentially connected; three audible wave sensor groups 502 composed of 20 Hz_20 kHz acoustic emission sensors are connected in parallel, and the signals are added and connected to the band-pass filter 4012 and the amplifier 4Q12a in sequence; three 20 kHz to 1 MHz
  • the ultrasonic sensor group 503 composed of the acoustic emission sensors are connected in parallel, and the signals are added to the high-pass filter 4013 and the amplifier 4013a in sequence; the amplifiers 4011a, 4012a, 4013a are respectively connected to the channel converter 402, and the output signals of the channel converter 402 are via An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is converted into
  • the main control unit 201 processes the input data and outputs the data to the local storage interface. 2021 storage, mobile network interface 2022 wireless transmission, Ethernet connection Wired transmission 2023; 103 charged by a solar battery energy storage unit 101 or 220V AC power supply adapter unit 102, respectively, and the main control module 20, the module 30 the signal transmission power.
  • the geoacoustic information includes high-frequency ultrasonic waves generated during the earthquake inoculation process or before the earthquake, and the small fractures and micro-fractures around the subsurface rock section, including the macroscopic rupture of the bedrock before the earthquake and the process of crustal creep
  • the low frequency audible wave and the infrasound wave are generated. Therefore, the present embodiment uses multiple sets of different sensors to comprehensively cover the possible frequency range of the acoustic sound wave, including infrasound waves, audible waves, and ultrasonic waves, which not only ensure the occurrence of large earthquakes and The ground sound information before the earthquake can be completely recorded, and the accurate recording of the ground sound information in each frequency range is also guaranteed;
  • the example uses solar energy and 220V AC mains to supply power to the system, ensuring the stable operation of the system and the continuous working ability of the disaster, making the system suitable for unattended monitoring in the field.
  • the embodiment provides a method for installing a seismic earthquake monitoring system, which is the seismic earthquake monitoring system described in Embodiment 1, and the installation method thereof comprises:
  • the center of the borehole or deep well is mounted on the underside of the borehole or deep well.
  • a set of sensor arrays is mounted at one installation location, and the angle formed by the line connecting each of the two adjacent installation locations to the center is equal.
  • the ground sound received by the sensor array can uniquely determine its sound source direction by analyzing the signal strength received by the sensors in each mounting point.
  • the example is provided with three sets of sensor arrays, each set of sensor arrays including an infrasound wave sensor group 501, an audible wave sensor group 502 and an ultrasonic sensor group 503, each of which is installed at a location 110.
  • the angle between the two adjacent installation sites and the line connecting the center of the hole or deep well (the black solid circle shown in Figure 4) is equal to the angle formed by the connection between the other two installation sites and the center. That is 120°.
  • the number of groups of sensor arrays may be more, that is, greater than three groups.
  • the plurality of sets of sensor arrays are the same from the center of the borehole or deep well.
  • the sensor array clearly records the sound source direction of each local sound information, and provides the vector information of the sound source orientation information other than the scalar information such as the frequency information and the intensity information.
  • the installation method of the embodiment further installs a plurality of sets of sensor arrays on the ground surface for several meters, for example, 150 meters or less, and is in close contact with the bedrock or the dense soil.
  • the sensor can be used with the sound.
  • the matched corrosion-resistant, waterproof, anti-friction material is packaged to directly contact the packaged sensor arrays with the bedrock or dense soil;
  • the signal processing module is installed adjacent to the multiple sets of sensor arrays, and is not associated with bedrock or compact Soil contact;
  • the signal transmission module the cable and signal repeater are distributed in the borehole or deep well, the last cable is connected to the main control module, and the main control module and power management module are installed on the surface, which can be drilled or The deep wells are adjacent, or they can be installed at a surface farther away from the borehole or deep well.
  • the intermediate signal transmission is still carried out by means of cables and signal repeaters.
  • Figure 5 shows an exemplary installation schematic in which the sensor array 50 is in intimate contact with the bedrock 70 at the bottom of the 100 m deep bore 60, and the signal processing module 20 is mounted adjacent to the sensor array 50 and passed Two 50 meter long cables 301 and a signal repeater 302 therebetween transmit data to the power management module 10 and the main control module 20 located on the surface 80 and mounted directly above the borehole 60.
  • the seismic monitoring system and the installation method thereof use a plurality of sets of different frequency response acoustic sensors to cover all spectral ranges of the ground acoustic information, and the installation manner that can distinguish the direction of the acoustic sound source, and then With the auxiliary component module to ensure reliable and long-term operation of the system, the system is suitable for full automation, low cost, high reliability, large-scale dense layout, and can monitor the large earthquake incubation process for a long time before the earthquake. Complete underground sound changes information.

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Abstract

一种地震临震监测系统，包括：用于检测不同的地声声波频段的多组传感器阵列（50）；用于对所述多组传感器阵列（50）的输出信号进行信号滤波、放大及模数转换的信号处理模块（40）；包括用于传输所述信号处理模块（40）的输出信号的电缆（301）的信号传输模块（30），用于接收所述电缆（301）传输的信号的主控模块（20），用于为所述信号处理模块（40）、所述信号传输模块（30）和所述主控模块（20）供电的电源管理模块（10）。由于多组传感器阵列（50）的频率响应范围覆盖不同的地声声波频段，地震临震监测系统可以捕获不同的地声信息的强度、频度和频率。另外，还提供了一种地震临震监测系统的安装方法。

Description

一种地震临震监测系统及其安装方法 技术领域
本申请涉及地震监测技术领域， 尤其涉及一种地震临震监测系统及 其安装方法。
背景技术
地球经过不断的运动和变化，使地壳某些脆弱地带逐渐积累了能量， 一旦积累的能量巨大， 将造成岩石突然发生破裂， 或者引发原有断层的 错动， 这就是地震。 我国是全球大陆地震灾害最严重的国家之一， 在约 占全球陆地面积 1 / 14的国土上，每年发生地震的次数却占全球陆地地震 次数的 1 / 3以上。加强地震灾害的对策研究，提高地震监测预测的技术水 平， 减轻地震灾害， 与国家的发展社会的稳定和人民生命财产的安全都 有着直接关系和重大意义。
在诸多地震前兆中，地声是存在于地球内部的基本现象，是除地震波 以外直接表现为地下信息的重要参数之一， 它可以反映出地震孕育过程 中的某些地球物理化学信息，其获取方法也是地震预报研究的重要领域 之一。
发明内容
根据本申请的第一个方面， 本申请提供一种地震临震监测系统， 包 括： 用于检测不同的地声声波频段的多组传感器阵列； 用于对所述多组 传感器阵列的输出信号进行信号滤波、放大及模数转换的信号处理模块； 信号传输模块， 所述信号传输模块包括用于传输所述信号处理模块的输 出信号的电缆； 用于接收所述电缆传输的信号的主控模块； 用于为所述 信号处理模块、所述信号传输模块和所述主控模块供电的电源管理模块。
进一步地， 每组传感器阵列包括次声波传感器组、 可听波传感器组 和超声波传感器组， 所述次声波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个次声 波传感器，所述可听波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个可听波传感器， 所述超声波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个超声波传感器。
优选地， 所述次声波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范围为 0Hz-20Hz , 所 述可听波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范围为 20Hz-20kHz ,所述超声波传感 器组覆盖的声波频率范围为 20kHz-lMHz。
进一步地， 所述信号处理模块包括依次连接的滤波及放大器组、 通 道转换器和模数转换器； 所述模数转换器的输出与所述信号传输模块相 连接； 一组传感器阵列中所有同类型的传感器的输出信号相加后连接到 一组滤波及放大器； 所述通道转换器具有时控信号选通功能。
进一步地， 所述信号处理模块包括依次连接的通道转换器、 滤波及 放大器组和模数转换器， 所述模数转换器的输出与所述信号传输模块相 连接； 每一组传感器阵列中所有同类型的传感器的输出信号相加后连接 到所述通道转换器； 所述通道转换器具有时控信号选通功能。
进一步地，所述信号传输模块包括多根电缆和至少一个信号中继器， 且每两根电缆之间连接一个信号中继器； 所述电缆还用于将所述电池管 理模块提供的电输送至所述信号处理模块。
进一步地，所述主控模块包括依次相连的主控单元和存储发射单元， 所述主控单元用于确定对输入信号的存储和 /或发送，所述存储发射单元 包括用于存储所述主控单元发送来的信号的存储单元和用于发射所述主 控单元发送来的信号的发射单元。
进一步地， 所述电源管理模块包括太阳能储能单元、 交流电适配单 元和蓄电池， 所述太阳能储能单元和所述交流电适配单元分别连接所述 蓄电池， 所述蓄电池分别为所述信号处理模块、 所述信号传输模块和所 述主控模块供电。
根据本申请的第二个方面， 本申请提供一种地震临震监测系统的安 装方法， 所述系统为如上所述的地震临震监测系统， 所述方法包括： 将 所述多组传感器阵列围绕钻孔或深井的中心安装于钻孔或深井的底面， 一组传感器阵列安装在一个安装地点， 每相邻的两个安装地点与所述中 心的连线所形成的夹角的角度相等。
进一步地， 对所述多组传感器阵列采用与之声匹配的材料封装， 封 装后的多组传感器阵列与基岩或密实土壤直接接触； 所述信号处理模块 与所述多组传感器阵列相邻安装， 且不与基岩或密实土壤接触； 所述电 缆的至少一部分安装于所述钻孔或深井内； 所述主控模块和所述电源管 理模块安装于地表。
本申请的有益效果是： 由于多组传感器阵列的频率响应范围覆盖不 同地声声波频段， 使得地震临震监测系统可以捕获不同的地声信息的强 度、 频度和频率， 适用于监测地震孕育过程与临震预测工作。
一种实施例中， 每组传感器阵列中的同类传感器为至少两个， 可以 将其中一个传感器作为另一个的备份， 从而可提高地震临震监测系统的 可靠性。
另一种实施例中， 通过将多组传感器阵列围绕钻孔或深井的中心等 角度的安装方式， 使得传感器阵列可在感应地声信息频率的同时得到声 源方位。
附图说明
图 1是本申请一种实施例的地震临震监测系统的结构示意图； 图 2是本申请另一种实施例的地震临震监测系统的结构示意图； 图 3是图 1所示实施例的一种具体实现时的结构示意图； 图 4是本申请一种实施例在安装地震临震监测系统时传感器阵列的 安装面示意图；
图 5是本申请一种实施例的地震临震监测系统的安装示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种基于地声检测方法的地震孕育过程及临震 监测系统， 其采用检测不同的地声声波频段的多组传感器阵列以覆盖地 声信息几乎所有频谱范围， 通过信号处理模块对多组传感器阵列的输出 信号进行信号滤波、 放大及模数转换， 处理后的信号经信号传输模块传 输至主控模块； 同时还通过电源管理模块为信号处理模块、 信号传输模 块及主控模块供电。
下面通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例 1 :
如图 1或图 2所示，本实施例提供了一种地震临震监测系统， 包括： 多组传感器阵列 50、 信号处理模块 40、 信号传输模块 30、 主控模块 20 和电源管理模块 1 0。
多组传感器阵列 5 0 用于检测不同地声声波频段， 每组传感器阵列 50 包括次声波传感器组 5 01、 可听波传感器组 5 02 和超声波传感器组 503 ,每个传感器组包括并联的至少两个同类的传感器，这些同类的传感 器互为备份， 也就是说， 次声波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个次声 波传感器， 可听波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个可听波传感器， 超 声波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个超声波传感器， 每一传感器组中 的一个传感器为该组传感器中其它传感器的备份。 从而， 通过频率响应 范围覆盖次声波、 可听波、 超声波， 使得系统可以完整的捕获地声信息 的强度、 频度和频率， 而且， 通过备份的方式还可以提高系统的可靠性。
实施例中， 次声波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范围包括但不限于 0Hz-20Hz , 可听波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范围包括但不限于 20Hz-20kHz , 超声波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范围包括但不限于 20kHz-lMHz。 一种具体实现中， 次声波传感器采用光纤次声波传感器， 可听波传感器采用 MEMS ( Mi cro-E l ec t ro-Mechan i ca l Sys t em , 微机电 系统） 麦克风， 超声波传感器采用石英声发射传感器。
每组传感器阵列中所有同类型的传感器的输出信号加和后输送到信 号处理模块， 也就是说， 次声波传感器组中的所有次声波传感器的输出 信号加和后输送到信号处理模块， 所有可听波传感器组中的所有可听波 传感器的输出信号也加和后输送到信号处理模块， 超声波传感器组中的 所有超声波传感器的输出信号也加和后输送到信号处理模块。
如图 1所示， 本实施例中的信号处理模块包括依次连接的滤波及放 大器组 401、通道转换器 402和模数转换器 403。每一组滤波及放大器组 401包括依次连接的滤波器和放大器，如图 3所示， 滤波及放大器组 401 包括一组低通滤波器 4011和放大器 4011a、 一组带通滤波器 4012和放 大器 4012a、以及一组高通滤波器 4013和放大器 4013a。通道转换器 402 具有时控信号选通功能， 例如设定一定时间允许经低通滤波器和放大器 的信号通过， 允许经带通滤波器和放大器的信号在另一时间通过， 经高 通滤波器和放大器的信号在又一时间通过， 具体实现时通道转换器可以 设计为带定时器的多路开关等。 模数转换器的输出与信号传输模块相连 接。 本实施例中， 一组滤波及放大器连接一组传感器阵列中所有同类型 的传感器的输出信号相加的结果， 仍如图 3所示， 此时次声波传感器组 501中所有次声波传感器并联连接， 其信号加和后与低通滤波器 4011、 放大器 4011a依次相连， 可听波传感器组 502中所有可听波传感器并联 连接， 其信号加和后与带通滤波器 4012、 放大器 4012a依次相连， 超声 波传感器组 503中所有超声波传感器并联连接， 其信号加和后与高通滤 波器 4013、 放大器 4013a依次相连。
如图 2所示， 另一种实施例中的信号处理模块包括依次连接的通道 转换器 402、 滤波及放大器组 401和模数转换器 403。 通道转换器、 滤波 及放大器组和模数转换器各自的功能同前述实施例， 不同之处在于， 此 时， 每一组传感器阵列中所有同类型的传感器的输出信号相加后是连接 到具有时控信号选通功能的通道转换器， 然后再进行滤波、 放大、 模数 转换等处理。
一种具体实现时， 低通滤波器的截止频率为 20Hz, 带通滤波器的带 宽为 20Hz_20kHz, 高通滤波器的截止频率为 20kHz。
信号传输模块 30包括多根电缆 301和至少一个信号中继器 302,且 每两根电缆之间连接一个信号中继器， 即电缆 301的数量比信号中继器 302多且仅多一个。 电缆 301 不仅可用于传输信号， 还可以将电池管理 模块 10提供的电输送到信号处理模块 40。 信号中继器的采用可以避免 信号传输过程可能出现的信号衰减。信号传输模块 30的输入信号与首位 的电缆 301相连接，信号传输模块 30的输出信号由末位的电缆 301与主 控模块 20相连接。
本实施例的主控模块 20包括依次相连的主控单元 201和存储发射单 元 202。 主控单元 201用于确定对输入信号的存储和 /或发送， 其输入信 号来自信号传输模块 30。 存储发射单元 202包括用于存储主控单元 201 发送来的信号的存储单元和用于发射主控单元 201发送来的信号的发射 单元， 如图 3所示， 存储单元可以是本地存储接口 2011, 发射单元可以 是移动网络接口 2022或以太网接口 2023。 其它实施例中也可以不设置 主控单元， 而是将信号传输模块输送来的信号直接进行存储和 /或转发。
仍如图 3所示， 电源管理模块 10包括太阳能储能单元 101、 交流电 适配单元 102和蓄电池 103,太阳能储能单元 101和交流电适配单元 102 分别连接蓄电池 103,蓄电池 103分别为信号传输模块 30和主控模块 20 供电。通过太阳能和交流电如 220V交流市电为系统供电，可保证系统稳 定工作， 而且， 在 220V交流市电中断情况下还可持续工作， 使得系统可 正常工作于无人值守的野外监测点。
图 3所示为一种实施例的地震临震监测系统的一种具体实现， 其中 各模块及内部单元连接关系为： 3个 0Hz_20Hz声发射传感器构成的次声 波传感器组 501并联连接，信号加和后与低通滤波器 4011、放大器 4011a 依次相连； 3个 20Hz_20kHz声发射传感器构成的可听波传感器组 502并 联连接， 信号加和后与带通滤波器 4012、 放大器 4Q12a依次相连； 3个 20kHz~lMHz声发射传感器构成的超声波传感器组 503并联连接，信号加 和后与高通滤波器 4013、放大器 4013a依次相连；放大器 4011a、 4012a, 4013a分别与通道转换器 402相连接， 通道转换器 402的输出信号经由 模数转换器 （ADC, Analog to Digital Converter ) 转换为数字信号， 并由电缆 301和信号中继器 302输入到主控单元 201; 主控单元 201对 输入数据处理后， 分别输出至本地存储接口 2021 存储、 移动网络接口 2022无线发送、 以太网接口 2023有线发送； 蓄电池 103由太阳能储能 单元 101或 220V交流电源适配单元 102充电， 并分别为主控模块 20、 信号传输模块 30供电。
可见， 本实施例的地震临震监测系统具有如下优点：
( 1 )由于地声信息包含地震孕育过程中或临震前地下基岩断面及其 周围小破碎及微断裂所产生的高频超声波， 也包括临震前基岩宏观破裂 及地壳蠕变过程中所产生的低频可听波和次声波， 因此， 本实施例使用 了多组不同的传感器全面覆盖地声声波可能的频率范围， 包括次声波、 可听波、 超声波， 既保证了大地震孕育过程中及临震前地声信息能被完 整的记录， 还保证了每段频率范围内地声信息的精确记录；
( 2 )震前地声监测工作的另一个难点在于难以长期连续监测，其要 求仪器或设备有非常好的可靠性， 然而， 由于地下环境复杂， 因此对传 感器、 处理电路、 传输过程的可靠性有着苛刻的要求， 对此， 系统在传 感器侧进行备份，在传输过程中增加信号中继器，提高了系统的可靠性， 使系统能长时间地、 稳定地对地声信号进行监测；
( 3 ) 实施例采用太阳能和 220V交流市电为系统供电， 保证了系统 的稳定工作以及灾害来临时的持续工作能力， 使系统适于野外无人值守 的监测。
实施例 2:
本实施例提供了一种地震临震监测系统的安装方法， 该系统为实施 例 1描述的地震临震监测系统， 其安装方法包括： 将多组传感器阵列围 绕钻孔或深井的中心安装于钻孔或深井的底面， 一组传感器阵列安装在 一个安装地点， 每相邻的两个安装地点与该中心的连线所形成的夹角的 角度相等。 从而， 传感器阵列所接收的地声可通过分析各安装点中传感 器所接收信号强度唯一确定其声源方向。 如图 4所示举例中， 该例设有 三组传感器阵列， 每一组传感器阵列包括次声波传感器组 501、 可听波 传感器组 502和超声波传感器组 503 , 每一组传感器阵列安装在一个地 点 110 , 相邻两个安装地点与钻孔或深井的中心 （图 4所示的黑色实心 圆圈） 的连线所形成的夹角与其它两个安装地点与该中心的连线所形成 的夹角相等， 即都为 120° 。 图 4所示只是一种举例， 传感器阵列的组 数可以为更多， 即大于三组。 一种较佳实现中， 这些多组传感器阵列距 离钻孔或深井的中心是相同的。
通过这样的安装方式， 可以保证传感器阵列清晰记录每次地声信息 的声源方向， 提供的地声信息中除频率信息、 强度信息等标量信息之外 的声源方位信息这一矢量信息。
进一步地， 本实施例的安装方法还将多组传感器阵列安装于地表若 干米例如 150米以下且与基岩或密实土壤紧密接触， 当然考虑到对传感 器阵列的保护， 可以将传感器用与之声匹配的耐腐蚀、 防水、 抗摩擦的 材料进行封装，将封装后的多组传感器阵列与基岩或密实土壤直接接触； 信号处理模块与多组传感器阵列相邻安装，且不与基岩或密实土壤接触； 信号传输模块中， 电缆和信号中继器分布于钻孔或深井中， 末位的电缆 与主控模块相连， 将主控模块和电源管理模块则安装于地表， 可以与钻 孔或深井相邻， 或者还可以安装于离钻孔或深井更远的地表处， 当然中 间的信号传输仍是采用的电缆和信号中继器的方式传输。 图 5所示为一 种举例的安装示意图， 其中， 传感器阵列 50与 100米深的钻孔 60的底 部的基岩 70紧密接触，信号处理模块 20相邻安装于传感器阵列 50的上 方， 并通过两段 50米长的电缆 301及其之间的信号中继器 302 , 将数据 传输至位于地表 80、且安装于钻孔 60正上方的电源管理模块 10和主控 模块 20。
综上， 本申请实施例提出的地震监测系统及其安装方法， 采用多组 不同频率响应声传感器组成的传感器阵列覆盖地声信息所有频谱范围， 并以可区分声波声源方向的安装方式， 再配以保证系统可靠地、 长时间 地工作的辅助组成模块， 使得该系统适于全自动化、 低成本、 高可靠性、 可大规模密集布局， 而且可长时间监测大地震孕育过程、 临震前地下完 整的地声变化信息。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例， 只是用于帮助理解本申请并不 用以限制本申请。 对于本领域的一般技术人员， 依据本申请的思想， 可 以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种地震临震监测系统， 其特征在于， 包括：
用于检测不同的地声声波频段的多组传感器阵列；
用于对所述多组传感器阵列的输出信号进行信号滤波、 放大及模数 转换的信号处理模块；
信号传输模块， 所述信号传输模块包括用于传输所述信号处理模块 的输出信号的电缆；
用于接收所述电缆传输的信号的主控模块；
用于为所述信号传输模块和所述主控模块供电的电源管理模块。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的地震临震监测系统，其特征在于，每组传感 器阵列包括次声波传感器组、 可听波传感器组和超声波传感器组， 所述 次声波传感器组包括并联连接的至少两个次声波传感器， 所述可听波传 感器组包括并联连接的至少两个可听波传感器， 所述超声波传感器组包 括并联连接的至少两个超声波传感器。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的地震临震监测系统，其特征在于，所述次声 波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范围为 0Hz-20Hz ,所述可听波传感器组覆盖 的声波频率范围为 20Hz-20kHz ,所述超声波传感器组覆盖的声波频率范 围为 2 0kHz- 1ΜΗζ。
4. 如权利要求 1 所述的地震临震监测系统， 其特征在于， 所述信 号处理模块包括依次连接的滤波及放大器组、通道转换器和模数转换器； 所述模数转换器的输出与所述信号传输模块相连接； 一组传感器阵列中 所有同类型的传感器的输出信号相加后连接到一组滤波及放大器； 所述 通道转换器具有时控信号选通功能。
5. 如权利要求 1 所述的地震临震监测系统， 其特征在于， 所述信 号处理模块包括依次连接的通道转换器、滤波及放大器组和模数转换器， 所述模数转换器的输出与所述信号传输模块相连接； 每一组传感器阵列 中所有同类型的传感器的输出信号相加后连接到所述通道转换器； 所述 通道转换器具有时控信号选通功能。
6. 如权利要求 1 所述的地震临震监测系统， 其特征在于， 所述信 号传输模块包括多根电缆和至少一个信号中继器， 且每两根电缆之间连 接一个信号中继器； 所述电缆还用于将所述电池管理模块提供的电输送 至所述信号处理模块。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的地震临震监测系统，其特征在于，所述主控 模块包括依次相连的主控单元和存储发射单元， 所述主控单元用于确定 对输入信号的存储和 /或发送，所述存储发射单元包括用于存储所述主控 单元发送来的信号的存储单元和用于发射所述主控单元发送来的信号的 发射单元。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的地震临震监测系统，其特征在于，所述电源 管理模块包括太阳能储能单元、 交流电适配单元和蓄电池， 所述太阳能 储能单元和所述交流电适配单元分别连接所述蓄电池， 所述蓄电池分别 为所述信号处理模块、 所述信号传输模块和所述主控模块供电。
9. 一种地震临震监测系统的安装方法，其特征在于，所述系统为如 权利要求 1至 8任一项所述的地震临震监测系统， 所述方法包括： 将所 述多组传感器阵列围绕钻孔或深井的中心安装于钻孔或深井的底面， 一 组传感器阵列安装在一个安装地点， 每相邻的两个安装地点与所述中心 的连线所形成的夹角的角度相等。
1 0. 如权利要求 9所述的安装方法， 其特征在于，
对所述多组传感器阵列采用与之声匹配的材料封装， 封装后的多组 传感器阵列与基岩或密实土壤直接接触；
所述信号处理模块与所述多组传感器阵列相邻安装， 且不与基岩或 密实土壤接触；
所述电缆的至少一部分安装于所述钻孔或深井内；
所述主控模块和所述电源管理模块安装于地表。
PCT/CN2013/079799 2013-06-17 2013-08-21 一种地震临震监测系统及其安装方法 Ceased WO2014201750A1 (zh)

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