WO2014199449A1 - 電子透かし埋め込み装置、電子透かし検出装置、電子透かし埋め込み方法、電子透かし検出方法、電子透かし埋め込みプログラム、及び電子透かし検出プログラム - Google Patents
電子透かし埋め込み装置、電子透かし検出装置、電子透かし埋め込み方法、電子透かし検出方法、電子透かし埋め込みプログラム、及び電子透かし検出プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/018—Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal
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- Embodiments described herein relate generally to a digital watermark embedding device, a digital watermark detection device, a digital watermark embedding method, a digital watermark detection method, a digital watermark embedding program, and a digital watermark detection program.
- An embodiment of the present invention has been made in view of the above, and is an electronic device that is resistant to various distortions and is excellent in confidentiality of additional information with respect to call voice of a fixed telephone or a mobile phone.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a watermark embedding device and a detection device therefor.
- an embodiment of the present invention includes a first band that is a pair of at least one frequency band in which a digital watermark bit is embedded using an input key random number, and a first band A generation unit that outputs a filter that determines two bands; and when the digital watermark bits are embedded in a unit frame of an input audio signal, the amplitude spectrum intensity sum of the first band is the amplitude spectrum intensity of the second band And an embedding unit that changes an amplitude spectrum intensity sum of at least one of the first band and the second band so as to be larger than the sum.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a digital watermark embedding device according to an embodiment.
- 1 is a block diagram illustrating a digital watermark detection apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a watermark embedding method in an embedding unit according to the embodiment. The figure explaining the production
- the block diagram which illustrates the digital watermark embedding device concerning the modification of an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the digital watermark embedding apparatus.
- the digital watermark embedding device 1 includes an extraction unit 101, a conversion application unit 102, an embedding unit 103, an inverse conversion application unit 104, a recombination unit 105, and a generation unit 106.
- the digital watermark embedding apparatus 1 receives the audio signal 10 and the key random number 16 and outputs a synthesized voice 15 in which the digital watermark is embedded.
- the extraction unit 101 acquires an audio signal 10 input from the outside.
- the input of the audio signal 10 is performed by an input device such as a microphone.
- the time length 2T is also called an analysis window width.
- the extraction unit 101 cuts out a speech waveform having a time length of 2T, removes a DC component of the cut-out voice waveform, emphasizes high-frequency components of the cut-out voice waveform, and extracts a window function (for example, A process of multiplying the sine window may be performed.
- the extraction unit 101 outputs the unit audio frame 11 to the conversion application unit 102.
- the conversion application unit 102 receives the unit audio frame 11 from the extraction unit 101 as an input.
- the transform application unit 102 applies orthogonal transform to the unit speech frame 11 and projects it to the frequency domain.
- a transform method such as discrete Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, modified discrete cosine transform, sine transform, or discrete wavelet transform may be used.
- the transform application unit 102 outputs the unit frame 12 after the orthogonal transform is applied to the embedding unit 103.
- the generation unit 106 receives the key random number 16 as an input.
- the generation unit 106 generates the subband filter 17 based on the input key random number 16.
- the subband filter 17 is a filter in which the widths of the P group and the N group, which are frequency bands in which the digital watermark is embedded, are randomly determined by a random number sequence.
- the P group band corresponds to the first band
- the N group band corresponds to the second band, and it is possible to embed one watermark bit in the unit frame 12.
- the processing flow of the generation unit 106 will be described later.
- the generation unit 106 outputs the generated subband filter 17 to the embedding unit 103.
- the embedding unit 103 receives the unit frame 12 and the subband filter 17 from the conversion applying unit 102 as inputs.
- the embedding unit 103 embeds a digital watermark in the subband designated by the subband filter 17 for each unit frame 12. A method for embedding a digital watermark will be described later.
- the embedding unit 103 outputs the watermarked unit frame 13 to the inverse transformation applying unit 104.
- the inverse transform application unit 104 receives the watermarked unit frame 13 from the embedding unit 103 as an input.
- the inverse transformation application unit 104 applies inverse orthogonal transformation to the watermarked unit frame 13 and returns it to the time domain.
- an inverse discrete Fourier transform, an inverse discrete cosine transform, an inverse modified discrete cosine transform, an inverse discrete sine transform, an inverse discrete wavelet transform, or the like may be used, but the orthogonal transform used in the transform application unit 102 may be used.
- a corresponding inverse orthogonal transform is desirable.
- the inverse transform application unit 104 outputs the unit frame 14 after applying the inverse orthogonal transform to the recombination unit 105.
- the re-synthesis unit 105 receives the unit frame 14 after applying the inverse orthogonal transform from the inverse transform application unit 104 as an input.
- the re-synthesizing unit 105 generates the watermarked synthesized speech 15 by overlapping the previous and subsequent frames with the unit frame 14 after the inverse orthogonal transform is applied.
- the extraction unit 101 performs a process other than cutting out a speech waveform, it is appropriate to perform a process reverse to these processes. That is, when the process of removing the DC component of the cut out speech waveform is performed, the process of returning the removed DC component to the unit frame 14 and the process of enhancing the high frequency component of the cut out speech waveform are performed.
- a process of restoring the emphasized high frequency component of the unit frame 14, a process of multiplying the unit frame 14 by a window function (for example, a sine window) when the extracted speech waveform is multiplied by a window function, and the like are performed.
- the frames before and after the unit frame 14 are overlapped by a time length T that is half of the analysis window length 2T, for example.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus 2 includes an extraction unit 101, a conversion application unit 102, a watermark detection unit 107, and a generation unit 106.
- the extraction unit 101, the conversion application unit 102, and the generation unit 106 have the same configuration as the digital watermark embedding device 1 shown in FIG.
- the digital watermark detection device 2 receives the watermarked synthetic speech 15 and the key random number 16 and outputs a watermark bit string 18 embedded in the inputted synthetic speech 15. Then, the united frame 12 projected to the frequency domain is extracted from the input synthesized speech 15 with watermark through the extraction unit 101 and the conversion application unit 102.
- the watermark detection unit 107 receives the unit frame 12 from the conversion application unit 102 as an input.
- the watermark detection unit 107 extracts the watermark information from the frequency band specified by the subband filter 17 for each unit frame 12. A method for detecting digital watermark information will be described later.
- the watermark detection unit 107 outputs a watermark bit string 18.
- the subband filter generation unit 106 has a role of improving the confidentiality of the digital watermark information.
- the generation unit 106 generates a subband filter 17 unique to digital data in which a watermark is embedded.
- the subband filter 17 is a filter in which the widths of the P group and the N group, which are frequency bands in which the digital watermark is embedded, are randomly determined by a random number sequence.
- the subband filter 17 is generated by a processing flow as shown in FIG.
- the subband filter 17 regards the determined representative frequency boundary E of each representative frequency bin as a subband boundary, and generates a subband filter.
- determining the representative frequency bins for example, a method in which all frequency bins are linearly divided and the centers thereof are selected, and a method in which the frequency axis is equally divided on a log scale and the centers are selected. Conceivable. Note that the process of creating subband filters with different subband boundaries by the key random number 16 can be performed by methods other than the method of determining the representative frequency bin in advance as described above.
- ⁇ A method to determine the division ratio of all frequency bins based on the number of random number sequences prepared as many as the number of frequency bands to embed the digital watermark, and to determine the subband boundaries ⁇
- Prepare multiple subband filters with different subband boundaries A method of determining a subband filter to be applied by the key random number 16 can be considered.
- the embedding unit 103 selects a band that actually includes the frequency bands set as the P group and the N group.
- FIG. 3 a method of embedding a digital watermark in the embedding unit 103 is shown in FIG.
- the left diagram in FIG. 3 represents the unit frame 12 output from the conversion application unit 102.
- the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents amplitude spectrum intensity.
- two types of bands, P group and N group are set in FIG.
- the band includes at least two adjacent frequency bins.
- the entire frequency band may be divided in advance into a designated number of bands based on a specific rule and then selected from the obtained bands.
- the P group and the N group may be set to be the same in all the unit frames 12 or may be changed for each unit frame 12.
- one watermark bit ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ is embedded in each unit frame 12.
- when a set of ⁇ p of all frequency bins belonging to the P group, the amplitude spectrum of all frequency bins belonging to the P group.
- S N (t) represents the sum of amplitude spectrum intensities of all frequency bins belonging to the N group
- S P (t) represents the sum of amplitude spectrum intensities of all frequency bins belonging to the P group.
- the method of embedding a watermark in all the unit frames 12 is exemplified.
- the watermark of the unit frame 12 always satisfies either formula when the watermark detection process is performed, so that ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ tends to appear randomly with almost equal probability in the detected bit string.
- the arrangement of watermark bits to be embedded may be determined in advance or may be automatically generated according to a specific algorithm.
- the watermark embedded by the digital watermark embedding apparatus 1 is detected by the digital watermark detection apparatus 2. For this purpose, it is necessary to use a watermark bit array common to both.
- the watermark detection process in the present embodiment is a process of taking out one embedded bit from the P group and N group that are bands designated by the input subband filter 17 for each unit frame 12.
- the subsequent watermark detection processing is performed for each pair, and two or more embedded watermark bits are extracted.
- S P (t) the sum of the amplitude spectrum intensities of the frequency bins belonging to the P group
- S N (t) the sum of the amplitude spectrum intensities of the frequency bins belonging to the N group
- S P (t ) And S N (t) are used to detect the embedded bits.
- the embedded 1-bit watermark is extracted based on the magnitude relationship of the amplitude spectrum intensity sum of each band of the P group and the N group. For this reason, if the digital watermark detection apparatus 2 does not have the same key random number 16 as that used in the digital watermark embedding apparatus 1 and the subband boundary between the P group and the N group is unknown, the magnitude of the amplitude spectrum intensity sum is large or small. Even if the comparison is performed, it becomes difficult to accurately detect the watermark bits.
- a conventional digital watermark embedding method will be described.
- a typical method there is a method of changing the amplitude spectrum intensity of a specific frequency bin.
- the MDCT coefficient (amplitude) of a specific frequency bin is used for each unit speech frame calculated by the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) according to the watermark bits ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ to be embedded. (Spectral intensity) is changed.
- MDCT modified discrete cosine transform
- This method has the advantage that the embedding efficiency is high because the watermark is embedded only in the specific frequency bin, but has the disadvantage that the noise resistance is relatively weak.
- the quantization width is increased to improve the noise resistance and the watermark strength is increased, the value of the specific frequency bin changes greatly, which causes a decrease in the imperceptibility of the digital watermark.
- a method of selecting a set of two frequency bins in each unit frame and defining watermark bits ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ according to the magnitude relation of the sum of amplitude spectrum in each band There is.
- a plurality of frequency bins included in a certain band are divided into an even number and an odd number, and when “1” is embedded in a watermark bit, the even-numbered amplitude spectrum intensity sum is an odd number. It is defined to be larger than that and to be smaller when “0” is embedded in the watermark bit.
- one or a plurality of frequency bins are selected according to the random number value extracted from the key random number, and the MDCT coefficient of the selected frequency bin is changed. If this method is used, it is difficult to obtain watermark information unless the cracker obtains a key random number.
- the present embodiment Compared with these conventional digital watermark embedding and detection methods, the present embodiment has the following advantages. In other words, rather than embedding watermarks in specific frequency bins, embedding digital watermarks in multiple bands improves noise immunity, leading to codec distortion, additive noise, multiplicative distortion, etc. for fixed phones and mobile phones. Improves resistance.
- the embedded watermark is defined by comparing the magnitudes of the amplitude spectrum intensity sums in a plurality of bands. Therefore, if the key random number is different, the bandwidth in which the watermark is embedded is different and the sum of the amplitude spectrum intensities is also different, so that it is difficult to accurately extract the embedded watermark.
- the perception of digital watermarks is high.
- a frequency bin (or band) in which a watermark is embedded by a random number sequence there is a possibility that a frequency band that is easy for humans to listen to is selected by the random number sequence.
- the representative frequency bins in a frequency band that is difficult for humans to listen to are specified, the imperceptibility of the digital watermark is not significantly degraded by the random number sequence.
- the subband filter is generated using the key random number.
- a subband filter control unit 508 may be provided.
- the digital watermark embedding device 3 includes a subband filter control unit 508 in addition to the configuration shown in the above embodiment.
- the generation unit 506 generates one or more subband filters 57 based on the input key random number 16 and outputs the generated subband filters 57 to the subband filter control unit 508.
- the subband filter control unit 508 receives one or more subband filters 57 from the generation unit 506 as input.
- the subband filter control unit 508 outputs one subband filter 58 to be applied in each unit frame 12.
- the subband filter control unit 508 selects one to be applied among one or a plurality of subband filters when embedding a watermark in each unit frame 12. There are various selection methods. For example, a method of changing the subband filter every N frames (N is an integer of 1 or more) can be considered. In order not to embed a digital watermark in a certain unit frame 12, the subband filter control unit 508 may output a control signal to which the subband filter is not applied.
- the digital watermark detection apparatus 4 is also provided with a similar subband filter control unit 508 as shown in FIG. .
- the subband filter control unit 508 applies a subband filter to the unit frame 12 to be detected according to the same algorithm as that of the digital watermark embedding apparatus 3.
- one or a plurality of subband filters generated using a key random number can be selected and applied to each unit frame 12, and the confidentiality of the applied subband filter can be improved. Is possible.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the digital watermark embedding device and the detection device according to the embodiment.
- the digital watermark embedding device and the detection device include a control device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 51, a storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) 52 and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 53, and a network.
- a control device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 51
- a storage device such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) 52 and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 53
- a communication I / F 54 that performs communication by connection and a bus 61 that connects each unit are provided.
- the program executed by the digital watermark embedding device and the detection device according to the embodiment is provided by being incorporated in advance in the ROM 52 or the like.
- the program executed by the digital watermark embedding device and the detection device is a file in an installable format or an executable format, and is a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), a flexible disk (FD), a CD- It may be configured to be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as R (Compact Disk Recordable) or DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and provided as a computer program product.
- CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
- FD flexible disk
- CD- It may be configured to be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as R (Compact Disk Recordable) or DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and provided as a computer program product.
- the electronic watermark embedding device may be stored on a computer connected to a network such as the Internet and provided by being downloaded via the network. Good. Further, the digital watermark embedding device according to the embodiment and the program executed by the detection device may be provided or distributed via a network such as the Internet.
- the program executed by the digital watermark embedding device and the detection device according to the embodiment may cause the computer to function as each unit described above.
- the CPU 51 can read a program from a computer-readable storage medium onto a main storage device and execute the program.
- the present embodiment is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the components without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
- various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
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Abstract
Description
・電子透かしを埋め込む周波数の帯域の数だけ用意した乱数系列の値によって全周波数ビンの分割比を求め、サブバンド境界を決定する方法
・サブバンド境界の異なる複数のサブバンドフィルタをあらかじめ用意しておき、適用するサブバンドフィルタを鍵乱数16によって決定する方法
などが考えられる。
透かしビット“0”を埋め込むならばSP(t)<SN(t)
SP(t)<SN(t)ならば埋め込まれた透かしビットは“0”
本実施形態では、鍵乱数を用いてサブバンドフィルタを生成することとしたが、更に秘匿性を高めるために、サブバンドフィルタ制御部508を設けることもできる。図5に示されるように、電子透かし埋め込み装置3は、上記実施形態で示した構成に加えて、サブバンドフィルタ制御部508を備える。生成部506は、入力された鍵乱数16によって1つまたは複数のサブバンドフィルタ57を生成し、サブバンドフィルタ制御部508へと出力する。サブバンドフィルタ制御部508は、生成部506からの1つまたは複数のサブバンドフィルタ57を入力とする。サブバンドフィルタ制御部508は、各単位フレーム12において、適用する1つのサブバンドフィルタ58を出力する。
2 電子透かし検出装置
3 電子透かし埋め込み装置
4 電子透かし検出装置
10 音声信号
11 単位音声フレーム
12 単位フレーム
13 透かし入り単位フレーム
14 単位フレーム
15 合成音声
16 鍵乱数
17 サブバンドフィルタ
18 透かしビット列
57 サブバンドフィルタ
58 サブバンドフィルタ
101 抽出部
102 変換適用部
103 埋め込み部
104 逆変換適用部
105 再合成部
106 サブバンドフィルタ生成部
107 透かし検出部
506 生成部
508 サブバンドフィルタ制御部
Claims (10)
- 入力された鍵乱数を用いて、電子透かしビットを埋め込む少なくとも1つの周波数帯域のペアである第1帯域、及び第2帯域を決定するフィルタを出力する生成部と、
入力された音声信号の単位フレームに前記電子透かしビットを埋め込む場合に、前記第1帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和が、前記第2帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和より大きくなるよう、前記第1帯域、及び第2帯域の少なくとも一方の振幅スペクトル強度和を変更する埋め込み部と、
を備える電子透かし埋め込み装置。 - 前記埋め込み部は、前記第1帯域、及び第2帯域における前記振幅スペクトル強度和の増減幅を、各周波数ビンに応じて知覚されにくい値に設定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子透かし埋め込み装置。 - 前記電子透かしビットを、規則性を有するように配列する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子透かし埋め込み装置。 - 前記生成部は、複数の前記フィルタを出力し、
前記単位フレームごとに、適用する前記フィルタを選択する制御部と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子透かし埋め込み装置。 - 入力された鍵乱数を用いて、電子透かしビットを埋め込んだ少なくとも1つの周波数帯域のペアである第1帯域、及び第2帯域を決定するフィルタを出力する生成部と、
入力された音声信号の単位フレームにおいて、適用された前記フィルタに基づいて指定される前記第1帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和と、前記第2帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和とを比較し、大小関係から、前記単位フレームに埋め込まれた前記電子透かしビットを検出する透かし検出部と、
を備える電子透かし検出装置。 - 前記生成部は、複数の前記フィルタを出力し、
前記単位フレームごとに、適用する前記フィルタを選択する制御部と、
を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の電子透かし検出装置。 - 入力された鍵乱数を用いて、電子透かしビットを埋め込む少なくとも1つの周波数帯域のペアである第1帯域、及び第2帯域を決定するフィルタを出力する生成ステップと、
入力された音声信号の単位フレームに前記電子透かしビットを埋め込む場合に、前記第1帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和が、前記第2帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和より大きくなるよう、前記第1帯域、及び第2帯域の少なくとも一方の振幅スペクトル強度和を変更する埋め込みステップと、
を含む電子透かし埋め込み方法。 - 入力された鍵乱数を用いて、電子透かしビットを埋め込んだ少なくとも1つの周波数帯域のペアである第1帯域、及び第2帯域を決定するフィルタを出力する生成ステップと、
入力された音声信号の単位フレームにおいて、適用された前記フィルタに基づいて指定される前記第1帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和と、前記第2帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和とを比較し、大小関係から、前記単位フレームに前記電子透かしビットが埋め込まれているか否かを検出する検出ステップと、
を含む電子透かし検出方法。 - コンピュータに、
入力された鍵乱数を用いて、電子透かしビットを埋め込む少なくとも1つの周波数帯域のペアである第1帯域、及び第2帯域を決定するフィルタを出力する生成ステップと、
入力された音声信号の単位フレームに前記電子透かしビットを埋め込む場合に、前記第1帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和が、前記第2帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和より大きくなるよう、前記第1帯域、及び第2帯域の少なくとも一方の振幅スペクトル強度和を変更する埋め込みステップと、
を実行させるための電子透かし埋め込みプログラム。 - コンピュータに、
入力された鍵乱数を用いて、電子透かしビットを埋め込んだ少なくとも1つの周波数帯域のペアである第1帯域、及び第2帯域を決定するフィルタを出力する生成ステップと、
入力された音声信号の単位フレームにおいて、適用された前記フィルタに基づいて指定される前記第1帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和と、前記第2帯域の振幅スペクトル強度和とを比較し、大小関係から、前記単位フレームに前記電子透かしビットが埋め込まれているか否かを検出する検出ステップと、
を実行させるための電子透かし検出プログラム。
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PCT/JP2013/066109 WO2014199449A1 (ja) | 2013-06-11 | 2013-06-11 | 電子透かし埋め込み装置、電子透かし検出装置、電子透かし埋め込み方法、電子透かし検出方法、電子透かし埋め込みプログラム、及び電子透かし検出プログラム |
CN201380077328.7A CN105283915B (zh) | 2013-06-11 | 2013-06-11 | 数字水印嵌入装置及方法以及数字水印检测装置及方法 |
JP2015522297A JP6316288B2 (ja) | 2013-06-11 | 2013-06-11 | 電子透かし埋め込み装置、電子透かし検出装置、電子透かし埋め込み方法、電子透かし検出方法、電子透かし埋め込みプログラム、及び電子透かし検出プログラム |
US14/964,038 US10424310B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 | 2015-12-09 | Digital watermark embedding device, digital watermark detecting device, digital watermark embedding method, digital watermark detecting method, computer-readable recording medium containing digital watermark embedding program, and computer-readable recording medium containing digital watermark detecting program |
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EP4336496A1 (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-13 | Utopia Music AG | Digital data embedding and extraction in music and other audio signals |
CN115910080B (zh) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-06-02 | 北京承启通科技有限公司 | 一种通信音频数字水印写入、读取方法及装置 |
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