WO2014190927A1 - 胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感基因位点及检测方法和试剂盒 - Google Patents
胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感基因位点及检测方法和试剂盒 Download PDFInfo
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- the present invention relates to the fields of molecular biology and medicine. More specifically, it relates to the association of the YY1 gene and its mutation site with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, which can be used for typing diagnosis and pathogenic gene loci as drug targets in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The invention also relates to methods and kits for detecting these mutation sites. Background technique
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors The main type of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is islet cell tumor. Islet cell tumors do not rely on glucose stimuli to continue to secrete excessive amounts of insulin, which can cause clinical symptoms such as severe hypoglycemia.
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor-related genes Although some genetic studies have been carried out on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor-related genes, some research findings on pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have been conducted in the past few years, but the genetic background for the dissemination of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is still Lack of understanding.
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor susceptibility genes in order to diagnose, classify and treat pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors as early as possible, there is an urgent need in the art to find pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor susceptibility genes, and to develop methods, kits, or related methods for detecting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor susceptibility genes. Treatment drugs and programs. Summary of the invention
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel method of treating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- a method for non-diagnostic detection of a sample of a somatic cell site mutation of the YY1 gene in vitro comprising the steps of -
- nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene corresponds to position 100, 743, 807 of human chromosome 14 (NCBI36/hgl8).
- the gene-specific primer has the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4.
- the amplification product is 80-2000 bp in length and contains the 1115th position in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the detecting is the detection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cells.
- a kit for detecting a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor comprising a primer for specifically amplifying a YY1 gene or a transcript, the primer having a length of 80-2000 bp and comprising the SEQ ID NO: amplification product at position 1 115 of 1.
- the kit further comprises a reagent selected from the group consisting of:
- the mutation is a single nucleotide mutation (SNV) :
- the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene that is, the 1115th position in SEQ ID NO.: 1 C ⁇ G.
- the primer has the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 and 4.
- a YYi gene for the preparation of a reagent or kit for the diagnostic typing of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- the reagent or kit is for detecting the following single nucleotide mutation (SNV) : the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene is the 1115th C ⁇ G in SEQ ID NO.: 1.
- the reagent comprises a primer that specifically amplifies a YY1 gene or a transcript, an amplification product containing the mutation site, a probe that specifically binds to the mutation site, and specificity A nucleic acid chip that detects the mutation site.
- the kit includes instructions for use and one or more of the following reagents - a container (a) and a primer for specifically amplifying the YY1 gene or transcript located in the container; And a probe located in the container that specifically binds to the mutation site; a container (c) and a nucleic acid chip located within the container that specifically detects the mutation site.
- the nucleic acid chip further comprises for detecting additional pancreatic neuroendocrine The detection point of the tumor susceptible site.
- the additional islet cell tumor somatic mutation site is selected from the group consisting of:
- Missense mutation of the MLL3 gene chromosome 7, 151, 874, 40 (H3 ⁇ 4 A ⁇ G ;
- Missense mutation of H3F3A gene chromosome 1, 226, 252, 135 ⁇ 6 ;
- Frameshift mutation of LM02 gene chromosome 1, chromosome 33, 886, 330 insertion ((*/+0)
- a polynucleotide molecule the molecule A primer comprising a specific amplification product of an amplification product containing a mutation site and/or a probe specifically binding to the SNV site, wherein the nucleotide molecule is used for preparing a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas
- a kit for performing diagnostic typing and the mutation site is selected from the group consisting of the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene, that is, the 1115th C ⁇ G in SEQ ID NO.: 1.
- the mutation site is the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene
- the kit is for determining whether a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is suitable for treatment with everolimus.
- the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patient has the mutation site
- the patient is indicated to be suitable for treatment with Everol imus.
- the kit is for detecting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor typing in a population of East Asia, particularly in the Chinese population.
- a method of diagnostic typing of an individual pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
- the difference indicates that the individual has pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors belonging to the YY1 mutant subtype, with specific clinical features, prognosis and treatment.
- the YY1 gene or transcript is detected and compared to the normal cellular DNA nucleotide sequence.
- the YY1 mutant gene causes an up-regulation of the expression level of the downstream gene.
- the downstream gene comprises IDH3A, UCP2, C0L1AK C0X5A, PGC-la, or PGC- ⁇ .
- the downstream gene comprises IDH3A, UCP2, or C0L1A1.
- the difference is the following mutation site:
- the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene is the 1115th C ⁇ G in SEQ ID NO.: 1.
- a YY1 gene for the preparation of a reagent or kit for determining whether a patient with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is suitable for treatment with everolimus.
- a polynucleotide molecule comprising a primer for an amplification product of a specific mutation site and/or a probe that specifically binds to the mutation site, Place
- the nucleotide molecule is used for preparing a kit for determining whether a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is suitable for treatment with everolimus, and the mutation site is selected from the group consisting of -
- the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene is the 1115th C ⁇ G in SEQ ID NO.: 1.
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patient when the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patient has the mutation site, the patient is indicated to be suitable for treatment with Everol imus. It is to be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-described various technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described in the following (as in the embodiments) may be combined with each other to constitute a new or preferred technical solution. Due to space limitations, we will not repeat them here. DRAWINGS
- Figure 1 shows the T372R hotspot mutation in the YY1 gene in functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- T372R mutation position based on the protein crystal structure of the YY1 protein zinc finger structure domain.
- the T372R mutation is located in the functional domain of the third zinc finger structure and is on the surface bound to DNA, suggesting that it is involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA modification.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of detection of the T372R hotspot mutation of the YY1 gene in islet cell tumors.
- the T372R hotspot mutation of the YY1 gene in islet cell tumor cells was detected and determined by Sanger sequencing (a) and pyrosequencing (b) techniques.
- Figure 3 shows the results of quantitative detection of YY1 gene expression in sporadic islet cell tumors. Mutant and wild type YY1 genes are expressed at higher levels in islet cell tumor cells.
- Figure 4 shows the effect of the T372R mutation on the expression of downstream genes in the YY1 gene in islet cell tumors.
- Figure 5 shows the strategy for constructing a transgenic mouse model.
- the cell proliferation assay of Figure 6 showed that wild-type and mutant YY1 gene overexpression could induce significant proliferation of islet cell tumor cells, and T372R mutant YY1 gene promoted the proliferation of islet cell tumor cells.
- Figure 7 shows that the expression of the islet cell proliferation marker Ki 67 was significantly increased in the YY1 transgenic mouse, and the increase in Ki67 after administration of the mTOR inhibitor was significantly inhibited.
- the inventors have conducted extensive and intensive research to measure and analyze a large number of candidate genes. It was first discovered and demonstrated that the YY1 genome sequence is closely related to the occurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (ie, islet cell tumors). The results of the association study showed that the mutation site (named T372R mutation) at position 115 (Chromosome 100, 743, 807 C-G) in SEQ ID NO: 1 was in the control group and the case group. There is a significant difference in distribution (0.05), so it can be used as a specific genetic locus (SNV) for the detection of auxiliary diagnosis. The present invention has been completed on this basis.
- the inventors found a high frequency T372R mutation in the YY1 (Yin Yang 1) gene, and 113 functional pancreatic nerves. This site was found to be highly mutated in all tumors by sequencing in endocrine tumors at 30% (34/1 13).
- the hotspot mutation of this gene reveals for the first time the important role of the T372R site of YY1 gene in the development of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and can be used as a diagnostic marker and drug target for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, ie, the YY1 gene with this site. Mutations are more suitable for treatment with mTOR (eg, everolimus).
- the sequence of the YY1 gene is known, and its detailed sequence and related information can be found at http://www.ncb.im.nih.gov/Genebank/.
- the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene associated with the present invention is given in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the ⁇ gene is located on chromosome 14 and encodes the YY1 protein.
- the YY1 protein is a widely expressed and conserved transcription factor that plays an important role in metabolic regulation, multiple tumorigenesis, and epigenetic regulation. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor-associated mutation
- the present inventors have examined the results of genome-wide association and validation studies, and the results indicate that the mutation at position 1 115 in SEQ ID NO: 1 is a site highly correlated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis.
- This high frequency T372R mutation has a very high mutation frequency in all sporadic islet cell tumors, which is about 30% (34/113).
- the present invention discloses the correlation between the T372R site mutation of the YY1 gene and the occurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- the term "gene mutation site of the invention” or “inventive SNV” refers to the 1115th C/G mutation in the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene (shown as SEQ ID NO.: 1), etc.
- SEQ ID NO.: 1 the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene (shown as SEQ ID NO.: 1), etc.
- the frequency of genotype G in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors was significantly higher than in normal controls. No such mutation site is present in the normal control DNA sequence.
- the YY1 gene or the corresponding nucleic acid molecule or polypeptide molecule has various aspects. New use. These uses include (but are not limited to):
- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors such as whether it is suitable for the treatment of everolimus
- An agent or kit for the preparation of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor for the auxiliary diagnosis a kit for preparing a patient for judging a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor suitable for treatment with everolimus. Detection method, detection reagent and kit
- Mutation sites associated with the YY1 gene can be used for the auxiliary diagnostic typing of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, especially early adjuvant diagnosis.
- the detection methods of the invention can be used to assess disease prognosis and treatment regimens in individuals with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- the test sample used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and for detecting a mutation site, it may be DNA or mRNA extracted from a sample such as a cell or a tissue. Since the T372R mutation of the present invention is a somatic mutation, the mutation is present in islet cells or islet tumor cells, usually not in peripheral blood cells. Therefore, a preferred test sample is islet tissue or islet tumor cells.
- a part or all of the gene sequence detection of the present invention can be immobilized as a probe on a microarray or a DNA chip (also referred to as a "gene chip” or a “nucleic acid chip”) for analyzing the sequence of genes in tissues and Differential expression analysis, as well as genetic diagnosis.
- the corresponding transcripts can also be detected by RNA-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in vitro amplification using primers specific for the YY1 gene.
- Detection can be directed to cDNA as well as to genomic DNA. Mutated forms of the YY1 gene include point mutations, translocations, deletions, recombinations, and any other abnormalities compared to normal wild-type DNA sequences. Mutations can be detected using existing techniques such as Southern blotting, DNA sequence analysis, PCR and in situ hybridization. In addition, mutations may affect the expression of related proteins, so Northern blotting and Western blotting can be used to indirectly determine whether a gene has a mutation.
- the most convenient method for detecting the mutation site of the present invention is to obtain an amplification product by amplifying the YY1 gene of the sample with a YY1 gene-specific primer; and then detecting whether the single nucleotide mutation of the present invention (SNV) is present in the amplification product. ).
- the primers are 15-50 bp in length, preferably 20-30 bp in length. Although it is preferred that the primer is fully complementary to the template sequence, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the presence of a certain non-complementary primer (especially the 5' end of the primer), the primer can also be specifically amplified (ie only Amplify the desired fragment).
- Kits containing these primers and methods of using the same are within the scope of the present invention as long as the amplified product amplified by the primer contains the corresponding position of the gene mutation site of the present invention.
- a preferred primer pair has the sequence of position 1 115 in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the length of the amplification product is not particularly limited, the length of the amplification product is usually from 100 to 2,000 bp, preferably from 150 to 1,500 bp, more preferably from 200 to 1,000 bp. These amplification products should contain the 11th 15th position in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the main advantages of the present invention include - the first experimental confirmation of a new somatic mutation and a close correlation with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, thereby providing a method and kit for the auxiliary diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- the invention can provide an extremely valuable auxiliary reference index for clinical diagnosis (especially early diagnosis) of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, thereby facilitating early diagnosis, typing diagnosis and early prevention of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
- the mutation site of the present invention Since the mutation site of the present invention has a very high correlation with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, it can be used not only for early auxiliary diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, but also for some carriers to take reasonable measures before the onset of disease. Preventive measures, thereby improving the carrier's survival and quality of life, and therefore have extremely significant application value and social benefits. Of course, the final diagnosis should also be confirmed by routine testing methods.
- the invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
- sequence, protein structure and other useful information about each gene can be found in the following electronic database information -
- Criteria for the diagnosis of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors clinical symptoms such as hypoglycemia, assessment of blood insulin and blood glucose levels (prolonged oral glucose tolerance test), CT/PET-CT impact diagnosis, and pathological diagnosis of surgical removal of tumors.
- Genomic DNA was extracted from liquid nitrogen-preserved islet cell tumors and matched peripheral blood samples, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) insulinoma tissue samples. DNA was prepared using QIAGEN's DNeasy kit and QIAamp DNA FFPE tissue kit.
- Dewaxing is performed on FFPE organizations using standard techniques. Immunofluorescence staining of the samples was performed according to standard experimental procedures. The following major antibodies were used: polyclonal rabbit anti-YY1 antibody (1:100; OriGene, clone EPR4651) and polyclonal guinea pig anti-insulin (1:400, Dako). Secondary antibodies for immunofluorescence staining were purchased from Invitrogen and Dako. Images were taken using the Olympus microscope system.
- Genomic DNA is derived from islet cell tumor tissue and its matched peripheral blood. Then use the adapter to connect the ends of the clip. Then, the extracted DNA was amplified and purified by PCR (LM-PCR), hybridized on a NimbleGenEZ44M human exome sequencing chip, and then washed to remove the non-hybridized fragment. The non-captured and captured LM-PCR products were assessed for enrichment by performing quantitative PCR. Each library captured was subjected to high-throughput sequencing on the Hiseq2000 platform and ensured that each sample met the required average sequencing coverage depth. The sequenced image files are read by Illumina's software (default parameters).
- PCR was performed using a dual 96 ⁇ L GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Appl i ed Bi osystems), using 20 ng of template DNA per reaction in each sample. Sequencing was performed using a 3730x1 DNA Analyzer (Appl ied Bi osystems). All sequences are analyzed by the serial analysis software (Appl i ed Bi osystems, version 5. 2). The following primers were used: 5'-CACCCAGGGCAGGAATG-3' human YY1 -F 1 (SEQ ID NO.: 3); 5' -CCTGTCTCCGGTATGGA-3' human YY1-R1 (SEQ ID NO.: 4).
- RT-PCR real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
- somatic mutations in 78 tumors including 21 nonsense mutations, 49 missense mutations, 1 termination mutation, 3 splice sites and 4 frameshift mutations, with an average of 8 in each tumor. (2-18) somatic mutations.
- the inventors have found a recurring YY1 gene c. C11 15G/P. T372 site mutation. by
- YY1 is the target of mTOR inhibitors.
- RAD001 a novel mTOR inhibitor
- the present invention provides a drug target for the action of everolimus in the islet cell tumor, and therefore based on the present invention, the genetic diagnosis of YY1 mutation in islet cell tumors is a clinical therapeutic strategy for such tumors, drugs Treatment options and response rate judgments are important.
- the nucleotide sequence of the YY1 gene is present: that is, the mutation of the 1st 15th C ⁇ G in SEQ ID NO.: 1 is closely related to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor disease. Therefore, based on this mutation, the YY1 gene-specific primer can be designed to be amplified by using the patient's DNA as a template.
- a small amount of islet tissue samples of the test subject in the test group were obtained, and DNA was extracted using a conventional method.
- the PCR primers in the islet tumor cell test kit were diluted to 1 ⁇ mol/ ⁇ 1, and the extracted DNA was used as a template to carry out a PCR reaction with the provided primers.
- sequencing was performed using a ⁇ 3730 DNA sequencer, and sequence interpretation and SNV confirmation were performed using Polyphred software.
- the C ⁇ G mutation at position 100, 743, and 807 of chromosome 14 can also be detected by pyrosequencing or mass spectrometry of the amplified product and the normal control. Test results:
- the test of the repeated examples was repeated except that 80 individuals (no known symptoms of islet cell tumor before detection) were randomly selected for detection.
- the islet cell tissue sample to be detected is extracted, and the DNA is extracted from it using a conventional method (or using a specific kit).
- the PCR primers in the test kit were diluted to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1, and the extracted DNA was used as a template to carry out a PCR reaction with the provided primers.
- the PCR products were purified and sequenced using a ⁇ 3730 DNA sequencer, and sequence interpretation and SNV confirmation were performed using Polyphred software.
- Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor samples were divided into YY1 gene mutation group and YY1 gene wild type group, and total RNA of tumor cells was extracted and reverse-transcribed into cDNA (Qiagen kit) using real-time quantitative PCR method (Invi trogen) The expression of the downstream gene of YY1 was detected.
- the construction strategy is shown in Figure 5.
- Construction method GFP fluorescent protein was expressed under the control of mouse YY1 promoter. When mating with Cre mice to remove the stop element in the middle of oxp, the mutant Yyl protein will be expressed under the control of the mouse YY1 promoter. Due to the high GC content, the mouse YY1 promoter needs to be taken from the BAC by homologous recombination.
- the mouse YY1 gene cDNA sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.: 22 (atggcctcgggcgacaccctctacatcgccacggacggctcggagatgccggccgagatcgtggag ctgc
- the primary cells and cell lines obtained from the transgenic mice of Example 5 were cultured using a conventional method.
- the plasmid was transfected with MIN6 cells.
- Use liposome 2000 (Invi trogen).
- Human full-length YY1 gene cDNA was inserted into the pCMV6 vector to construct an expression plasmid.
- the T372R mutation was introduced into the plasmid using the Qui kChange II site-directed mutagenesis kit (Stratagene).
- mTOR inhibitor The rapamyc in was added to the cell culture medium at different experimental concentrations. Rapamycin and everolimus are structural analogs.
- Ki67 in the islet cell proliferation marker of YY1 transgenic mice was significantly increased, and the increase in Ki67 was significantly inhibited after administration of mTOR inhibitor (Fig. 7).
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感基因位点及检测方法和试剂盒。具体地,本发明公开了基于全基因测序研究发现的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感基因位点,该位点是YY1(Yin Yang1)基因的高频T372R体细胞突变。本发明还公开了一种检测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感性和胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤亚型分类的方法和相应的检测试剂盒。
Description
胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感基因位点及检测方法和试剂盒 技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学和医学领域。 更具体地涉及 YY1基因及其突变位点 与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的相关性, 它们可在胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤中用于分型诊 断和作为药物靶标的致病基因位点。 本发明还涉及检测这些突变位点的方法和 试剂盒。 背景技术
功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的主要类型为胰岛细胞瘤。 胰岛细胞瘤不依赖 葡萄糖剌激持续过量分泌胰岛素, 可引起严重低血糖等临床症状。
虽然已开展了一些胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤相关基因的遗传学研究, 过去几年 对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的相关风险位点已经有了一些研究发现, 但是对于导致 散发功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的遗传背景尚缺乏了解。
近年来, 全基因组测序和全外显子测序技术在多基因疾病研究中的广泛运 用, 为在分子水平上研究胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的发生和发展的机制开辟了全新 的途径。 同时, 高通量、 低成本的突变测序检测技术的不断出现和成熟也为快 速对重要疾病相关基因的序列和位点分析提供了可能。
重要疾病易感基因突变位点的存在与否以及在疾病人群中的发生及地域 的差异对多基因疾病的诊断、 分型、 预后半段和治疗方案选择具有重大意义。 这些技术和方法是未来实现疾病个体化治疗的基础。
虽然已有一些基因突变和多态性位点与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤相关性的研 究, 但没有证实 YY1基因与功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤相关性的报道, 更没有 证实本发明所述的 YY1基因突变位点与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤相关性的报道。
综上所述, 为了尽早诊断、 分型和治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤, 本领域迫切 需要寻找胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感基因, 并开发检测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤易感 基因的方法、 试剂盒, 或相关的治疗药物和方案。 发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种辅助诊断(尤其是早期辅助诊断)胰腺神经内 分泌肿瘤的方法及检测试剂盒。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种新的治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的方法。
在本发明的第一方面, 提供了一种体外非诊断性检测样品是否存在 YY1基 因的体细胞位点突变的方法, 包括步骤-
(a)用特异性引物扩增样品的 YY1基因, 得到扩增产物; 和
(b)检测扩增产物中是否存在以下突变位点- YY1基因的核苷酸序列即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 YY1基因的核苷酸序列对应于人第 14号染色体 的第 100, 743, 807位 (NCBI36/hgl8)。
在另一优选例中, 所述的基因特异性引物具有 SEQ ID N0 : 3和 4所示序列。 在另一优选例中,所述的扩增产物的长度为 80-2000bp且含有 SEQ ID N0 : 1 中第 1 115位。
在另一优选例中, 所述的检测是对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤细胞进行检测。 在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种检测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的试剂盒, 它 包括特异性扩增 YY1基因或转录本的引物,所述的引物扩增出长度为 80-2000bp 且含有 SEQ ID NO : 1中第 1 115位的扩增产物。
在另一优选例中, 所述试剂盒还含有选自下组的试剂:
(a)与 SEQ ID N0 : 1中第 1 1 15位的突变结合的探针;
(b)识别 SEQ ID N0 : 1中第 11 15位的突变限制性内切酶。
在另一优选例中, 所述的突变是以下单核苷酸突变(SNV) :
YYl基因的核苷酸序列: 即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
在另一优选例中, 所述的引物具有 SEQ ID N0 : 3和 4所示序列。
在本发明的第三方面,提供了一种 YYi 基因的用途, 用于制备对胰腺神经 内分泌肿瘤进行诊断分型的试剂或试剂盒。
在另一优选例中, 所述的试剂或试剂盒用于检测以下单核苷酸突变(SNV) : YYl基因的核苷酸序列即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
在另一优选例中, 所述的试剂包括特异性扩增 YY1基因或转录本的引物、 含有所述突变位点的扩增产物、 与所述突变位点特异性结合的探针、 特异性检 测所述突变位点的核酸芯片。
在另一优选例中, 所述的试剂盒包括使用说明书以及一种或多种以下试 剂- 容器(a)以及位于所述容器内的特异性扩增 YY1基因或转录本的引物; 容器 (b)以及位于所述容器内的与所述突变位点特异性结合的探针; 容器(c)以及位于所述容器内的特异性检测所述突变位点的核酸芯片。 在另一优选例中, 所述的核酸芯片还包括用于检测额外的胰腺神经内分泌
肿瘤易感位点的检测点。
在另一优选例中, 所述的额外的胰岛细胞瘤体细胞突变位点选自下组:
MLL3基因的错义突变: 第 7号染色体, 第 151,874,40(H¾ A→G;
H3F3A基因的错义突变: 第 1号染色体, 第 226,252, 135位 →6;
LM02基因的移码突变: 第 1 1号染色体, 第 33,886,330位插入((*/+0 在本发明的第四方面,提供了一种多核苷酸分子的用途, 所述的分子包括 特异性扩增含突变位点的扩增产物的引物和 /或与所述 SNV位点特异性结合的 探针, 其特征在于, 所述的核苷酸分子用于制备对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤进行诊 断分型的试剂盒, 并且所述的突变位点选自下组- YY1基因的核苷酸序列即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
在另一优选例中, 所述的突变位点是 YY1基因的核苷酸序列, 并且所述的 试剂盒用于判断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人是否适合采用依维莫司治疗。
在另一优选例中, 当胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人具有该突变位点, 则提示该 病人适合依维莫司(Everol imus)治疗。
在另一优选例中, 所述试剂盒用于检测东亚人群(尤其是中国人群)的胰腺 神经内分泌肿瘤分型。
在本发明的第五方面,提供了一种对个体的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤进行诊断 分型的方法, 其特征在于, 它包括步骤:
检测该个体的 YY1基因、 转录本和 /或蛋白, 并与正常的 YY1基因、 转录 本和 /或蛋白相比较,
其中, 存在差异就表明该个体患胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤属于 YY1突变亚型, 具有特定临床特征, 预后判断和治疗手段。
在另一优选例中, 检测的是 YY1基因或转录本, 并与正常细胞 DNA核苷酸 序列比较差异。
在另一优选例中, 所述的 YY1突变基因会造成下游基因的表达量上调。 在另一优选例中, 所述的下游基因包括 IDH3A、 UCP2、 C0L1AK C0X5A、 PGC-la、 或 PGC- Ι β , 优选地, 所述的下游基因包括 IDH3A、 UCP2、 或 C0L1A1。
在另一优选例中, 所述的差异是以下突变位点:
YY1基因的核苷酸序列即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
在本发明的第六方面, 提供了一种 YY1基因的用途, 它被用于制备判断胰 腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人是否适合采用依维莫司治疗的试剂或试剂盒。
在本发明第七方面, 提供了一种多核苷酸分子的用途, 所述的分子包括特 异性突变位点的扩增产物的引物和 /或与所述突变位点特异性结合的探针, 所
述的核苷酸分子用于制备判断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人是否适合采用依维莫 司治疗的试剂盒, 并且所述的突变位点选自下组-
YY1基因的核苷酸序列即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
在另一优选例中, 当胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人具有该突变位点, 则提示该 病人适合依维莫司(Everol imus)治疗。 应理解, 在本发明范围内中, 本发明的上述各技术特征和在下文(如实施 例)中具体描述的各技术特征可以互相组合, 从而构成新的或优选的技术方案。 限于篇幅, 在此不再一一累述。 附图说明
图 1显示了散发功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤中的 YY1基因 T372R热点突变。 (a) 人类 YY1蛋白功能域和外显子示意图。 T372R突变位于 YY1基因编码 蛋白的第三个锌指结构功能域中。
(b) Sanger测序和焦磷酸测序验证 T372R体细胞突变。
(c) T372位点及其所在的锌指结构功能域在各物种之间非常保守。
(d) 基于 YY1蛋白锌指结构功能域的蛋白晶体结构所进行的 T372R突变位 置分析。 T372R突变位于第三个锌指结构功能域中, 并处于和 DNA结合的表面, 提示其与转录调控和 DNA修饰有关。
图 2显示了散发胰岛细胞瘤中的 YY1基因 T372R热点突变的检测结果。 通 过 Sanger 测序(a)和焦磷酸测序(b)技术检测和确定了胰岛细胞瘤细胞中 YY1 基因的 T372R热点突变。
图 3显示了散发胰岛细胞瘤中的 YY1基因表达的定量检测结果。 突变型和 野生型 YY1基因在胰岛细胞瘤细胞中均有较高水平的表达。
图 4显示了散发胰岛细胞瘤中的 YY1基因发生 T372R突变后, 对下游基因 表达的影响。
图 5显示了转基因小鼠模型构建策略。
图 6的细胞增殖检测显示野生型和突变型 YY1基因过表达均能诱导胰岛细 胞瘤细胞显著增殖, T372R突变型 YY1基因促进胰岛细胞瘤细胞增殖的作用更 强。
图 7显示了 YY1转基因小鼠胰岛细胞增殖标志物 Ki 67表达显著增高, 而 给予 mTOR抑制剂后 Ki67的升高受到可被显著抑制。
具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究, 对大量候选基因进行了测定和分析。 首 次发现和证明了 YY1基因组序列与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(即胰岛细胞瘤)的发生 密切相关。 关联研究结果显示, 在 SEQ ID N0 : 1中第 1 115位 (第 14号染色体 第 100, 743, 807位 C—G)的突变位点(命名为 T372R突变)在对照组和病例组中 的分布存在显著性差异( 0. 05), 因此可作为辅助性诊断检测的特异性基因位 点(SNV)。 在此基础上完成了本发明。
具体地, 通过对 10对散发的功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤进行全外显子测 序, 本发明人发现了在 YY1 (Yin Yang 1) 基因中高频率的 T372R突变, 并在 113 例的功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤中通过测序发现此位点在所有的肿瘤中突 变频率非常高, 为 30% (34/1 13)。 该基因的热点突变首次揭示了 YY1 基因的 T372R位点对于胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤发生的重要作用, 并可用于胰腺神经内分 泌肿瘤的分型诊断标志物和药物靶点, 即具有该位点的 YY1基因突变更适合采 用 mTOR (例如依维莫司)进行治疗。
YY1基因
YY1 基因的序列是已知, 其详细序列和一些相关信息可参见网址 http : //ww. ncb i . nlm. nih. gov/Genebank/。 为了方便起见, 在 SEQ ID NO : 1 给出 YY1基因与本发明相关的核苷酸序列。
ί 基因位于 14号染色体, 编码 YY1蛋白, YY1蛋白为广泛表达且保守的 转录因子,在代谢调控,多种肿瘤发生以及表观遗传调控等过程中起重要作用。 胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤相关突变
本发明人通过全基因组关联和验证研究, 研究结果表明, SEQ ID N0 : 1 中 第 1 1 15 位的突变是与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤发生关联性非常高的位点。 该高频 率的 T372R 突变在所有的散发胰岛细胞瘤中突变频率非常高, 为约 30% (34/113)。
具体而言, 本发明揭示了 YY1基因的 T372R位点突变与胰腺神经内分泌肿 瘤发生的相关性。
如本文所用, 术语 "本发明的基因突变位点"或 "本发明 SNV "指 YY1基 因的核苷酸序列 (如 SEQ ID NO.: 1所示) 中第 1 115位 C/G突变, 等位基因 型 G在胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤中的发生频率, 要显著高于在正常对照人群中的频 率。 在正常对照 DNA序列中无该突变位点存在。
基于本发明的新发现, YY1基因或相应的核酸分子或多肽分子有多方面的
新用途。 这些用途包括(但不限于):
用于辅助性诊断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤;
用于辅助性判断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤治疗方案 (如是否适合依维莫司治 疗方案);
用于制备用于辅助性诊断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的试剂或试剂盒; 用于制备判断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人是否适合采用依维莫司治疗的试 剂盒。 检测方法、 检测试剂及试剂盒
与 YY1基因相关的突变位点可用于胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的辅助诊断分型, 尤其是早期辅助性诊断。 另一方面, 本发明的检测方法可用于评估胰腺神经内 分泌肿瘤患者个体的疾病预后和治疗方案。
本领域的技术人员知道, 有大量的分析技术可用于检测基因中所述位点是 否存在突变。 这些技术包括(但并不限于): DNA测序、 杂交测序; 酶促错配切 割、 异源双链分析、 点杂交、 寡核苷酸阵列(芯片)、 焦磷酸测序、 Taqman探针 检测技术、 分子信标等。
用于本发明的测试样品没有特别限制, 对于检测突变位点而言, 可以是从 细胞或组织等样品中抽提出的 DNA或 mRNA。由于本发明的 T372R突变是体细胞 突变, 因此该在突变存在于胰岛细胞或胰岛肿瘤细胞中, 通常而不存在于外周 血细胞中。 因此, 优选的测试样品是胰岛组织或胰岛肿瘤细胞。
本发明的基因序列检测的一部分或全部可作为探针固定在微阵列 (mi croarray)或 DNA芯片(又称为 "基因芯片"或 "核酸芯片")上, 用于分析 组织中基因的序列和差异表达分析, 以及基因诊断。 用 YY1基因特异的引物进 行 RNA-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)体外扩增也可检测相应的转录产物。
检测可以针对 cDNA, 也可针对基因组 DNA。 YY1基因的突变的形式包括与 正常野生型 DNA序列相比的点突变、 易位、 缺失、 重组和其它任何异常等。 可 用已有的技术如 Southern印迹法、 DNA序列分析、 PCR和原位杂交检测突变。 另外, 突变有可能影响相关蛋白的表达, 因此用 Northern印迹法、 Western印 迹法可间接判断基因有无突变。
最方便的检测本发明突变位点的方法, 是通过用 YY1基因特异性引物扩增 样品的 YY1基因, 得到扩增产物; 然后检测扩增产物中是否存本发明的单核苷 酸突变(SNV)。
应理解, 在本发明首次揭示了 YY1基因的突变位点与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤 的相关性之后, 本领域技术人员可以方便地设计出可特异性扩增出含该突变位
点位置的扩增产物, 然后通过测序等方法确定是否存在本发明的突变。 通常, 引物的长度为 15-50bp, 较佳地为 20-30bp。 虽然引物与模板序列完全互补是 优选的, 但是本领域技术人员知道, 在引物与模板存在一定的不互补(尤其是 引物的 5'端)的情况下, 也能够特异性地扩增(即仅扩增出所需的片段)。 含有 这些引物的试剂盒和使用这些引物的方法都在本发明范围之内, 只要该引物扩 增出的扩增产物含有本发明基因突变位点的对应位置。 一种优选的引物对具有 SEQ ID NO : 1中第 1 1 15位的序列。
虽然扩增产物的长度没有特别限制, 但是通常扩增产物的长度为 100-2000bp, 较佳地为 150-1500bp, 更佳地为 200_1000bp。 这些扩增产物都 应含有 SEQ ID NO : 1中第 11 15位。 本发明的主要优点包括- 首次用实验证实了 1 种新体细胞突变与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的密切相关 性, 进而提供了辅助性诊断分型胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的方法和试剂盒。 本发明 可以为临床诊断(尤其是早期诊断) 胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤提供极为有价值的辅 助性参考指标, 从而有利于实现胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的早诊断、 分型诊断和早 期预防。
由于本发明的突变位点与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤具有非常高的关联性, 因此 不仅可用于早期辅助性诊断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤, 而且可以未雨綢缪地使一些 携带者在未发病前就采取合理的预防措施, 从而提高携带者的生存期和生存质 量, 因此具有极其重大的应用价值和社会效益。 当然, 最终诊断还应当用常规 检测方法进行确诊。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说 明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方 法, 通常按照常规条件如 Sambrook等人, 分子克隆: 实验室手册(New York : Col d Spring Harbor Laboratory Pre ss, 1989)中所述的条件, 或按照制造厂 商所建议的条件。
在本发明中, 关于各基因的序列, 蛋白质结构及其他一些有用信息, 可在 如下电子数据库信息中找到-
Cancer Gene Census
(http : //www. sanger. ac. uk/ genet i cs/CGP/ Census/)
Pi card (http : //picard. sourceforge . net/)
PyMOL (ht t : //www, pymo l . org)
实施例 1
1.1临床标本
功能性胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤诊断的标准: 出现低血糖等相关临床症状, 评 估血胰岛素和血糖水平(延长口服葡萄糖耐量试验), CT/PET-CT 影响诊断, 手 术切除肿瘤的病理诊断。 基因组 DNA抽提自液氮保存的胰岛细胞肿瘤和匹配的 外周血液样本, 以及福尔马林固定的石蜡包埋(FFPE)的胰岛素瘤组织样本。 DNA 的制备使用 QIAGEN公司的 DNeasy试剂盒以及 QIAamp DNA FFPE组织试剂盒。
对 FFPE 组织使用标准技术进行脱蜡。 对样本进行免疫荧光染色, 根据标 准的实验步骤。使用了以下的主要抗体:多克隆兔抗 YY1抗体(1:100; OriGene, 克隆 EPR4651) 和多克隆豚鼠抗胰岛素 (1:400, Dako 公司) 。 用于免疫荧光 染色的二抗购自 Invitrogen和 Dako公司。使用奥林巴斯显微镜系统拍摄图像。
1.2 外显子组捕获, 文库制备和测序
使用 Covaris技术, 构建片段 200至 300 bp的基因组文库。 基因组 DNA 来源于胰岛细胞瘤肿瘤组织及其匹配的外周血。 然后使用适配器连接的片段的 两端。 然后, 对提取的 DNA通过 PCR(LM-PCR)扩增并纯化, 在 NimbleGenEZ44M 人外显子组测序芯片上进行杂交, 然后洗涤去掉非杂交的片段。 非捕获和捕获 的 LM-PCR 产物通过进行定量 PCR 来评估富集程度。 捕获的每个文库在 Hiseq2000 平台进行高通量测序, 并确保每个样品满足所需要的平均测序覆盖 深度。 测序的图像文件通过 Illumina的软件(默认参数)进行读取。
1.3 测序序列比对和变异检测
使用默认参数的 BWA软件(νθ.5.9), 参照 NCBI人类参考基因组(hgl9)对 高质量的测序结果序列进行比对。 使用 Picard软件(vl.54)和基因组分析工具 (vl.0.6076, GATK IndelRealigner) , 提高分析准确度。 体细胞的点突变检测 使用 VarScan2.2.5软件, 程序参数如下: samtools (νθ.1.18)3 mpileup - Q 0 && VarScan2. .5 somatic ― min-coverage 10 ― m in-coverage-normal 10 ― min-coverage- tumor 10 ― min-var-freq 0.1 ― min-avg-qual 0。 使用默 认参数 GATK SomaticIndelDetector软件对 InDel进行了分析。 高可置信突变 位点, 全部进行人工检査, 然后使用 ANN0VAR进行注释。
1. 4 PCR和 Sanger 测序
使用双 96孑 L的 GeneAmp PCR系统 9700 (Appl i ed Bi osystems公司)进行 PCR, 每个样品中每个反应使用 20 ng模板 DNA。 使用 3730x1 DNA分析仪(Appl ied Bi osystems 公司)进行测序。 所有序歹 U由序歹 U分析软件(Appl i ed Bi osystems 公司, 版本 5. 2)进行分析。 使用以下引物: 5' -CACCCAGGGCAGGAATG-3'人 YY1 -F 1 (SEQ ID NO.: 3); 5' -CCTGTCTCCGGTATGGA-3'人 YY1-R1 (SEQ ID NO.: 4)。
1. 5 突变的焦磷酸测序验证
使用 QIAGEN PyroMark Q96 ID 系统, 与 PyroMark Q96 真空工作站和
PyroMark黄金 Q96试剂, 按照用户手册中的说明进行焦磷酸测序 。
使用以下引物-
5' -GGGAAACGCTTTTCACTGGAC-3' A YY1 -F2 (SEQ ID NO.: 5);
5' -TAGGGCCTGTCTCCGGTATG-3'人 YY1 R2 (SEQ ID NO.: 6)。
引物: 5, -GGTATGGATTCGCACA-3' (SEQ ID NO.: 7)用于测序。
1. 6 实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)
用 Qi agen miRNeasy mi ni试剂盒提取总 RNA。 使用反转录试剂盒按照制造 商的说明,用 20 μ 1反应体积 对 1微克的总 RNA进行逆转录,转换成 DNA (cDNA)。 然后使用的 Li ghtCycler480实时定量 PCR仪(罗氏应用科学公司)进行实时定 量 PCR。 比较的循环阈值的方法被用来确定 YY1基因 mRNA的相对表达。 使用 以下引物:
5, - CCTGGCATTGACCTCTCAGATCCCA- 3,人 YY1- F3 (SEQ ID NO.: 8)禾口
5' -GGGCAAGCTATTGTTCTTGGAGCA-3 '人 YY1 -R3 (SEQ ID NO.: 9) 。
1. 6 T372R突变在 YY1蛋白结构中的计算分析模型
人 YY1蛋白的 293至 414氨基酸片段的晶体与 DNA复合物分析由以往文献 和数据库发表(PDB : 1UBD)。 此蛋白质晶体结构被确定作为突变三维结构分析 模版。 使用 PyMOL软件生成了 YY1 C2H2锌指结构域与 DNA及 T372R突变的三 维模型。
1. 7 统计分析方法
YY1突变显著性的鉴定方法如参考文献所述(26)。 显着差异的分析, 采用 t检验或 F i sher精确检验。 在图表中的误差线表示标准偏差(SD)。 差异为显著 判定标准为 P <0. 05。 结果和讨论
为了发现在胰岛细胞瘤中关键的驱动基因和重要基因改变, 对 10对胰岛 细胞瘤 DNA样本(肿瘤 DNA和匹配的外周血 DNA对照)进行了全部外显子的测序。 测序使用 NimbleGen 44M human exome array芯片在 Hi seq2000平台上进行。 测序数据显示,测序平均深度为 157X, 97. 96%的测序区域覆盖深度在 10X以上。 测序相关质控参数表明外显子测序数据可靠。
本发明人确定了 78 个肿瘤中的体细胞突变, 包括 21个无义突变, 49错 义突变, 1终止突变, 3个剪接位点和 4个移码突变, 在每个肿瘤中平均有 8 个(2-18)体细胞突变 。
本发明人发现了重复出现的 YY1基因 c. C11 15G/P. T372 位点突变。 通过
PCR 和桑格测序, 以及焦磷酸测序, 证实了发现在约 30%的肿瘤中(34 例 /1 13 例)存在 T372R位点的突变。
免疫荧光检测发现突变型和野生型的 YY1蛋白在胰岛细胞瘤的细胞核中高 表达(见图 6)。 定量 PCR检测显示野生型和突变型 YY1基因均在胰岛肿瘤细胞 和正常胰岛细胞中高表达(见图 3)。 临床表型-基因型形管分析证实, YY1基因 突变型与野生型的发病年龄存在显著差异(P=0. 00027)。 这些数据证实 YY1 突 变位点与肿瘤发生相关, 且可作为分型诊断和疾病预后的标志物。
实验证明, YY1是 mTOR抑制剂的靶点。 近期的病例报道, 2期和 3期临床 试验表明, 一种新型的 mTOR抑制剂依维莫司 Everol imus (RAD001)可以对部分 的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者有效。 然而, 依维莫司 Everol imus 的药物作用靶 点尚不完全清楚。 本发明的发现提供了依维莫司 Everol imus 在胰岛细胞瘤中 的药物作用靶点, 因此基于本发明, YY1 突变在胰岛细胞瘤中的基因诊断分型 对此类肿瘤的临床治疗策略, 药物治疗方案和反应率判断都有重要意义。
各阶段的数据汇总于表 1、 表 2和图 1-3。
表 1.胰岛细胞瘤中发现的重要基因突变
J31 突变位置
频率 值
型 改 例 (%) 基 变 数 因
YY 错 Chrl4: C T37 3/1 34/113 5.4 N
1 义 100,743,807 >G 2R 0 (30) E-10 0
ML 错 Chr7: A D27 1/1 NA Y
NA
L3 义 151,874,400 >G 13G 0 es
H3 错 Chrl : A K28 1/1 NA Y
NA
F3A 义 226,252,135 >G 0 es
LM 移 Chrl l : * P25f 1/1 NA Y
NA
02 码 33,886,330 /+C s 0 es
良性肿瘤 73 (69%) 33 (31%)
恶性肿瘤 6 (86%) 1 (14%) 0. 24b 检验; b : Fi sher' s exact检验 表 2结果表明, 在男性和女性患者中, YY1基因 T372R突变亚型的患者肿 瘤发生年龄均显著大于 YY1基因野生型的患者, 在总人群中具有显著差异(P = 0. 00027)。 实施例 2
胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤基因突变检测试剂盒
如实施例 1所述,存在 YY1基因的核苷酸序列:即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 1 15 位 C→G 的突变与胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤疾病密切相关。 因此, 可基于这个突变 设计 YY1基因特异性引物在以病人的 DNA为模板进行扩增进行检测。
制备一试剂盒(100人次), 它含有:
获取测试组中待检测对象的少量胰岛组织样品,使用常规方法提取 DNA。将 胰岛肿瘤细胞检测试剂盒中的 PCR引物稀释到 1 μ mol/ μ 1, 以所提取的 DNA为 模板与所提供的引物进行 PCR反应。 PCR产物纯化后, 用 ΑΒΙ 3730 DNA 测序 仪进行测序, 用 Polyphred软件进行序列的判读和 SNV确认。
或者, 将扩增产物与正常对照用焦磷酸测序或质谱分析, 也可检测出第 14 号染色体第 100, 743, 807位 C→G突变。
检测结果:
对于第 14号染色体第 100, 743, 807位 C—G突变的对象, 进一歩通过常规 方法检测以确认是否患有胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤情况。 检测结果表明, 含 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 G位点检测对象占胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤比例约 30%, 在含 C 的正常人群中不存在。
因此, 这表明通过检测第 14号染色体第 100, 743, 807位 C→G突变, 可进 行胰岛细胞瘤的辅助性检测。 实施例 3
胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤辅助性检测
重复实施例 的检测, 不同点在于随机选取了 80个人(检测前不知道是否 有胰岛细胞瘤症状)进行检测。
制备一试剂盒(100人次), 它含有:
抽取待检测对象的胰岛细胞组织样品,使用常规方法(或使用特定的试剂 盒)从提取 DNA。 将检测试剂盒中的 PCR引物稀释到 Ι μ πιοΐ/ μ 1, 以所提取的 DNA为模板与所提供的引物进行 PCR反应。 PCR产物纯化后,用 ΑΒΙ 3730 DNA测 序仪进行测序, 用 Polyphred软件进行序列的判读和 SNV确认。
结果同样证实了,含第 14号染色体第 100, 743, 807位 C→G突变(SEQ ID NO.: 1 中第 1115位 C位点)的检测对象的胰岛细胞瘤比例明显高于该位点为不含 C 的检测对象(高至少 300%)。 实施例 4
YY1基因的 T372R突变对下游基因的影响
将胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤样本分为 YY1基因突变组和 YY1基因野生型组, 用 试剂盒抽提肿瘤细胞总 RNA并逆转录为 cDNA ( Qi agen试剂盒) , 使用实时定 量 PCR方法 (Invi trogen公司) 检测 YY1部分下游基因的表达。
5 ' - CCTGGCATTGACCTCTCAGATCCCA- 3 ' , 人 YY1- F3 (SEQ ID NO.: 8), 5 ' -GGGCAAGCTATTGTTCTTGGAGCA-3 ' 人 YY1-R3 (SEQ ID NO.: 9);
- TTTGCCATGAAGTTCAATGCA- 3 人 PGCla-F (SEQ ID NO.: 10), -AGCAGCCACAAAAAGGGAGAT-3 人 PGCla-R (SEQ ID NO.: 1 1); -GGTTCCTGGAACGTGGTGAT-3, 人 Ucp2-F (SEQ ID NO.: 12),
- AGCCATGAGGGCTCGTTTC- 3, 人 Ucp2-R (SEQ ID NO.: 13);
-TGCTGCCAAAGCACCTATTCA-3 人 idh3a- F (SEQ ID NO.: 14), -GTGACCGGCTGCTATTGGG-3, 人 i dh3a-R (SEQ ID NO.: 15);
-TCGCCGTCATGCTGGG-3 ' 人 C0X5a-F (SEQ ID NO.: 16),
-CAATAAATCCTTGGGGAAGCC-3 人 C0X5a- (SEQ ID NO.: 17); - GGAGGGGATCAGTATATACA- 3 ' 人 CXCR4-F (SEQ ID NO.: 18),
-GAAGATGATGGAGTAGATGG-3 ' 人 CXCR4-R (SEQ ID NO.: 19);
- CACCAATCACCTGCGGTACAGAA- -3, 人 Col lal- F (SEQ ID NO.: 20), CAGATCACGTCATCGCACAAC— 3, 人 Col lal- R (SEQ ID NO.: 21) 。
如图 4所示。 YY基因发生第 1 115位 C→G突变(即 T372R突变)后, 会对下 游基因的表达产生一定影响。 其中, T372R突变后, 对 IDH3A、 UCP2和 C0L1A1 的表达有明显的上调作用。
该试验结果证实了: T372R突变是一种对转录激活有影响的突变。 实施例 5 YY1转基因模型小鼠构建
构建策略见图 5, 构建方法: 在小鼠 YY1启动子的调控下表达 GFP荧光蛋 白。 当与 Cre小鼠交配去除 l oxp中间的 stop元件后, 将在小鼠 YY1启动子的 调控下表达突变 Yyl蛋白。 由于 GC含量较高, 小鼠 YY1启动子需要用同源重 组的 方法从 BAC上套取。 小鼠的 YY1基因 cDNA序列如 SEQ ID NO.: 22所示 (atggcctcgggcgacaccctctacatcgccacggacggctcggagatgccggccgagatcgtggag ctgc
atgagatcgaggtggagaccatcccggtggagaccatcgagaccacggtggtgggcgaggaggagga gga
ggacgacgacgacgaggacggcggcggcggcgaccacggcggcggcgggggcggccacgggcacgcc ggc
caccaccatcaccaccaccaccaccaccaccaccacccgcccatgatcgcgctgcagccgctggtga egg
acgacccgacccaagtgcaccaccaccaggaggtgatcctggtgcagacgcgcgaggaggtggtcgg egg
ggacgactcggacgggc tgcgcgccgaggacggcttcgaggaccagatcc tcatcccggtgcccgcg ccg
gccggcggcgacgacgactacatagagcagacgctggtcaccgtggcggcggccggcaagagcggcg gcg
gggcctcgtcgggcggcggtcgcgtgaagaagggcggcggcaagaagagcggcaagaagagttacct ggg
cggcggggccggcgcggcgggcggcggcggcgccgacccggggaataagaagtgggagcagaagcag gtg
cagatcaagaccctggagggcgagttctcggtcaccatgtggtcc tcggatgaaaaaaaagatattg acc
atgaaacagtggttgaagagcaga teat tggagagaactcacctcctgat tat tctgaatatatgac agg
caagaaactccc tcctggagggatacctggcattgacctctcagaccc taagcaactggcagaattt gcc
agaatgaagccaagaaaaattaaagaagatgatgctccaagaacaatagc ttgccctcataaaggct gca
caaagatgttcagggataactctgctatgagaaagcatctgcacacccacggtcccagagtccacgt ctg
tgcagagtgtggcaaagcgttcgttgagagctcaaagctaaaacgacaccagctggttcatactgga gaa
aagccctttcagtgcacattcgaaggctgcgggaagcgcttttcactggacttcaatttgcgcagac atg
tgc aatccataccggagacaggccctatgtgtgccccttcgacggttgtaataagaagtttgctca gtc aactaacc tgaaatctcacatcttaacacacgctaaagccaaaaacaaccagtga)□ 实施例 6 突变型和野生型 YY1对小鼠胰岛细胞增殖的影响
6. 1细胞通过流式细胞仪对突变型和野生型 YY1对小鼠胰岛细胞增殖影响 进行分析。 转染后的细胞用 EdU测定试剂盒进行细胞增殖测定 (Eud 流式细 胞术检测试剂盒, Invi trogen公司) ; 阳性细胞通过流式细胞仪进行分析。
细胞增殖检测显示野生型和突变型 YY1 基因过表达均能诱导胰岛细胞瘤 细胞显著增殖, T372R突变型 YY1基因促进胰岛细胞瘤细胞增殖的作用更强(图 6)。
6. 2对实施例 5中转基因小鼠获得的原代细胞和细胞株使用常规方法进行 培养。 MIN6细胞转染质粒。 使用脂质体 2000 ( Invi trogen公司) 。 人类全长 YY1 基因 cDNA 插入 pCMV6 载体构建表达质粒。 T372R 突变引入质粒用 Qui kChange I I位点定向诱变试剂盒 (Stratagene公司 ) 。 mTOR抑制剂雷帕
霉素(rapamyc in)按照不同实验浓度加入细胞培养液。 雷帕霉素(rapamycin)和 依维莫斯为结构类似物。
YY1转基因小鼠胰岛细胞增殖标志物 Ki67表达显著增高, 而给予 mTOR抑 制剂后 Ki67的升高受到可被显著抑制(见图 7)。
结论: 突变型和野生型的 YY1基因表达显著促进胰岛细胞增殖, 其作用可 被 mTOR抑制剂所抑制。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献 被单独引用作为参考那样。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申 请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims
1.一种体外非诊断性检测样品是否存在 YY1基因的体细胞位点突变的方法, 其特征在于, 包括步骤- (a)用特异性引物扩增样品的 YY1基因, 得到扩增产物; 和
(b)检测扩增产物中是否存在以下突变位点- YY1基因的核苷酸序列即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1115位 C→G。
2.如权利要求 1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的基因特异性引物具有 SEQ ID N0 : 3和 4所示序列。
3.如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的扩增产物的长度为
100-2000bp且含有 SEQ ID NO: 1中第 11 15位。
4.一种检测胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 它包括特异性扩增
YY1基因或转录本的引物,所述的引物用于扩增出长度为 80-2000bp且含有 SEQ ID
NO : 1中第 1 115位的扩增产物。
5.如权利要求 4所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 它还含有选自下组的试剂-
(a)与 SEQ ID N0 : 1中第 1 115位的突变结合的探针;
(b)识别 SEQ ID N0 : 1中第 1 115位的突变限制性内切酶。
6.如权利要求 5所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述的突变是以下单核苷酸突 变(SNV):
YY1基因的核苷酸序列: 即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
7. 一种 YY1 基因的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤亚 型进行诊断(或判断)的试剂或试剂盒。
8. 如权利要求 7 所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的试剂或试剂盒用于检测 以下单核苷酸突变(SNV) :
YY1基因的核苷酸序列: 即 SEQ ID NO.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
9.一种多核苷酸分子的用途, 所述的分子包括特异性扩增含单核苷酸突变位 点(SNV位点)的扩增产物的引物和 /或与所述 SNV位点特异性结合的探针, 其特征 在于,所述的核苷酸分子用于制备对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤亚型进行诊断的试剂盒, 并且所述的突变位点选自下组:
YY1基因的核苷酸序列: 即 SEQ ID N0.: 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
10. 一种 YYl基因的用途, 其特征在于, 用于制备判断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤
病人是否适合采用依维莫司治疗的试剂或试剂盒。
11.一种多核苷酸分子的用途,所述的分子包括特异性扩增含突变位点的扩增 产物的引物和 /或与所述突变位点特异性结合的探针, 其特征在于,所述的多核苷 酸分子用于制备判断胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病人是否适合采用依维莫司治疗的试剂 盒, 并且所述的突变位点选自下组-
YY1基因的核苷酸序列: 即 SEQ ID NO. : 1中第 1 115位 C→G。
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| CN108823297A (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-16 | 领星生物科技(上海)有限公司 | 基于rt-wes的转录组测序方法 |
| CN109486952A (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-19 | 中国医学科学院北京协和医院 | miR-495在制备胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤诊断工具中的应用 |
| CN118053531B (zh) * | 2024-04-16 | 2024-06-14 | 大连杰伍科技有限公司 | 一种医学检验临床数据智能管理方法及系统 |
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| WO2013006619A1 (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-10 | The General Hospital Corporation | Rna-yy1 interactions |
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| WO2007014029A2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-02-01 | The Regents Of The University Of Colorado, A Body Corporate | Yin yang 1 as a treatment for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure |
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| WO2013006619A1 (en) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-01-10 | The General Hospital Corporation | Rna-yy1 interactions |
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| Title |
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| LIU, GUANGHUI ET AL.: "Expressions of BMP-2 and YY1 In Human Brain Gliomas and Their Significance", CHINESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSURGERY, vol. 15, no. 02, 28 February 2010 (2010-02-28), pages 98 - 100 * |
| WANG, ZHUOQUN ET AL.: "Expression of Polycomb-Group Gene during Rat Spermatogenesis", ACTA LABORATORIUM ANIMALIS SCIENTIA SINICA, vol. 17, no. 03, 30 June 2009 (2009-06-30), pages 172 - 175 * |
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| CN104212884A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
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