WO2014189617A1 - Systèmes et procédés de compatibilité de lampe à faible puissance avec un atténuateur de bord de fuite et un transformateur électronique - Google Patents
Systèmes et procédés de compatibilité de lampe à faible puissance avec un atténuateur de bord de fuite et un transformateur électronique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014189617A1 WO2014189617A1 PCT/US2014/032182 US2014032182W WO2014189617A1 WO 2014189617 A1 WO2014189617 A1 WO 2014189617A1 US 2014032182 W US2014032182 W US 2014032182W WO 2014189617 A1 WO2014189617 A1 WO 2014189617A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B39/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for operating incandescent light sources
- H05B39/04—Controlling
- H05B39/041—Controlling the light-intensity of the source
- H05B39/044—Controlling the light-intensity of the source continuously
- H05B39/048—Controlling the light-intensity of the source continuously with reverse phase control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/31—Phase-control circuits
- H05B45/315—Reverse phase-control circuits
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Definitions
- Patent Application Serial No. 13/798,926 filed March 13, 2013, which claims priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/667,685, filed July 3, 2012, and United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 61/673,111, filed July 18, 2012, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
- the present disclosure relates in general to the field of electronics, and more specifically to systems and methods for ensuring compatibility between one or more low- power lamps and the power infrastructure to which they are coupled.
- dimmers provide an input signal to a lighting system.
- the input signal represents a dimming level that causes the lighting system to adjust power delivered to a lamp, and, thus, depending on the dimming level, increase or decrease the brightness of the lamp.
- dimmers generate an output signal in which a portion of an alternating current (“AC") input signal is removed or zeroed out.
- AC alternating current
- some analog-based dimmers utilize a triode for alternating current (“triac”) device to modulate a phase angle of each cycle of an alternating current supply voltage. This modulation of the phase angle of the supply voltage is also commonly referred to as
- phase cutting the supply voltage.
- Phase cutting the supply voltage reduces the average power supplied to a load, such as a lighting system, and thereby controls the energy provided to the load.
- a particular type of phase-cutting dimmer is known as a trailing- edge dimmer.
- a trailing-edge dimmer phase cuts from the end of an AC cycle, such that during the phase-cut angle, the dimmer is “off and supplies no output voltage to its load, but is "on” before the phase-cut angle and in an ideal case passes a waveform proportional to its input voltage to its load.
- FIGURE 1 depicts a lighting system 100 that includes a trailing-edge, phase-cut dimmer 102 and a lamp 142.
- FIGURE 2 depicts example voltage and current graphs associated with lighting system 100.
- lighting system 100 receives an AC supply voltage V SUPPLY from voltage supply 104.
- the supply voltage V SUPPLY indicated by voltage waveform 200, is, for example, a nominally 60 Hz/110 V line voltage in the United States of America or a nominally 50 Hz/220 V line voltage in Europe.
- Trailing edge dimmer 102 phase cuts trailing edges, such as trailing edges 202 and 204, of each half cycle of supply voltage V SUPPLY - Since each half cycle of supply voltage V SUPPLY is 180 degrees of the supply voltage V SUPPLY , the trailing edge dimmer 102 phase cuts the supply voltage V SUPPLY at an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
- the phase cut, input voltage V O DM to lamp 142 represents a dimming level that causes the lighting system 100 to adjust power delivered to lamp 142, and, thus, depending on the dimming level, increase or decrease the brightness of lamp 142.
- Dimmer 102 includes a timer controller 110 that generates dimmer control signal
- the duty cycle of switch 112 is a pulse width (e.g., times ti-to) divided by a period of the dimmer control signal (e.g., times t3-to) for each cycle of the dimmer control signal DCS.
- Timer controller 110 converts a desired dimming level into the duty cycle for switch 112.
- the duty cycle of the dimmer control signal DCS is decreased for lower dimming levels (i.e., higher brightness for lamp 142) and increased for higher dimming levels.
- switch 112 conducts (i.e., is "on"), and dimmer 102 enters a low resistance state.
- the resistance of switch 112 is, for example, less than or equal to 10 ohms.
- the phase cut, input voltage V 3 ⁇ 4 , DM tracks the input supply voltage V SUPPLY and dimmer 102 transfers a dimmer current i DIM to lamp 142.
- dimmer control signal DCS turns switch 112 off, which causes dimmer 102 to enter a high resistance state (i.e., turns off).
- the resistance of switch 112 is, for example, greater than 1 kiloohm.
- Dimmer 102 includes a capacitor 114, which charges to the supply voltage VSUPPLY during each pulse of the dimmer control signal DCS. In both the high and low resistance states of dimmer 102, the capacitor 114 remains connected across switch 112.
- the voltage Vc across capacitor 114 increases (e.g., between times ti and t 2 and between times t 4 and ts).
- the rate of increase is a function of the amount of capacitance C of capacitor 114 and the input impedance of lamp 142. If effective input resistance of lamp 142 is low enough, it permits a high enough value of the dimmer current IDM to allow the phase cut, input voltage VO DM to decay to a zero crossing (e.g., at times t 2 and ts) before the next pulse of the dimmer control signal DCS.
- Dimming a light source with dimmers saves energy when operating a light source and also allows a user to adjust the intensity of the light source to a desired level.
- conventional dimmers such as a trailing-edge dimmer, that are designed for use with resistive loads, such as incandescent light bulbs, often do not perform well when supplying a raw, phase modulated signal to a reactive load such as a power converter or transformer, as is discussed in greater detail below.
- FIGURE 3 depicts a lighting system 100 that includes a trailing-edge, phase-cut dimmer 102, an electronic transformer 122, and a lamp 142. Such a system may be used, for example, to transform a high voltage (e.g., 110V, 220 V) to a low voltage (e.g., 12 V) for use with a halogen lamp (e.g., an MR16 halogen lamp).
- FIGURE 4 depicts example voltage graphs associated with lighting system 101.
- electronic transformer 122 may receive the dimmer output voltage V 3 ⁇ 4 ,_DM at its input where it is rectified by a full-bridge rectifier formed by diodes
- an apparatus may include a controller to provide compatibility between a load and a secondary winding of an electronic transformer.
- the controller may be configured to: (i) predict based on an electronic transformer secondary signal an estimated occurrence of a high-resistance state of a trailing-edge dimmer coupled to a primary winding of the electronic transformer, wherein the high-resistance state occurs when the trailing-edge dimmer begins phase- cutting an alternating current voltage signal; (ii) operate a power converter in a trailing- edge exposure mode for a first period of time immediately prior to the estimated occurrence of the high-resistance state, such that the power converter is enabled to transfer energy from the secondary winding to the load during the trailing-edge exposure mode; and (iii) operate the power converter in a power mode for a second period of time prior to and non-contiguous with the first period of time, such that the power converter is enabled to transfer energy from the secondary winding to the load during the power mode.
- a method for providing compatibility between a load and a secondary winding of an electronic transformer may include: (i) predicting based on an electronic transformer secondary signal an estimated occurrence of a high-resistance state of a trailing-edge dimmer coupled to a primary winding of the electronic transformer, wherein the high- resistance state occurs when the trailing-edge dimmer begins phase-cutting an alternating current voltage signal; (ii) operating a power converter in a trailing-edge exposure mode for a first period of time immediately prior to the estimated occurrence of the high- resistance state, such that the power converter is enabled to transfer energy from the secondary winding to the load during the trailing-edge exposure mode; and (iii) operating the power converter in a power mode for a second period of time prior to and non- contiguous with the first period of time, such that the power converter is enabled to transfer energy from the secondary winding to the load during the power mode.
- FIGURE 1 illustrates a lighting system that includes a phase-cut trailing-edge dimmer, as is known in the art
- FIGURE 2 illustrates example voltage and current graphs associated with the lighting system depicted in FIGURE 1, as is known in the art
- FIGURE 3 illustrates a lighting system that includes a phase-cut trailing-edge dimmer and an electronic transformer, as is known in the art
- FIGURE 4 illustrates example voltage and current graphs associated with the lighting system depicted in FIGURE 3, as is known in the art
- FIGURE 5 illustrates an example lighting system including a controller for providing compatibility between a low-power lamp and an electronic transformer driven by a trailing-edge dimmer, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIGURE 6 depicts example voltage and current graphs associated with particular embodiments of the lighting system depicted in FIGURE 5, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIGURE 7 depicts example voltage and current graphs associated with other particular embodiments of the lighting system depicted in FIGURE 5, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIGURE 5 illustrates an example lighting system 500 including a controller 512 for providing compatibility between a low-power lamp 542 and other elements of a lighting system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIGURE 6 depicts example voltage and current graphs associated with lighting system 500 depicted in FIGURE 5, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
- lightning system 500 may include a voltage supply 504, a dimmer 502, a transformer 522, a lamp 542, and a controller 512.
- Voltage supply 504 may generate a supply voltage VSUPPLY that is, for example, a nominally 60 Hz/110 V line voltage in the United States of America or a nominally 50 Hz/220 V line voltage in Europe.
- Dimmer 502 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus for generating a dimming signal to other elements of lighting system 500, the dimming signal representing a dimming level that causes lighting system 500 to adjust power delivered to a lamp, and, thus, depending on the dimming level, increase or decrease the brightness of lamp 542.
- dimmer 502 may include a trailing-edge dimmer similar to that depicted in FIGURES 1 and 3, or any other suitable dimmer.
- Transformer 522 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus for transferring energy by inductive coupling between winding circuits of transformer 522.
- transformer 522 may include an electronic transformer similar to that depicted in FIGURE 3, or any other suitable transformer.
- Lamp assembly 542 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus for converting electrical energy (e.g., delivered by electronic transformer 522) into photonic energy (e.g., at LEDs 532).
- lamp assembly 542 may comprise a multifaceted reflector form factor (e.g., an MR16 form factor).
- lamp assembly 542 may comprise an LED lamp.
- lamp assembly 542 may include a bridge rectifier 534, a boost converter stage 536, a link capacitor 552, a buck converter stage 538, a load capacitor 554, and a controller 512.
- Bridge rectifier 534 may comprise any suitable electrical or electronic device as is known in the art for converting the whole of alternating current voltage signal v s into a rectified voltage signal VREC having only one polarity.
- Boost converter stage 536 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus configured to convert an input voltage (e.g., VREC) to a higher output voltage (e.g., VLINK) wherein the conversion is based on a control signal (e.g., a pulse- width modulated control signal communicated from controller 512).
- buck converter stage 538 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus configured to convert an input voltage (e.g., VLINK) to a lower output voltage (e.g., VOUT) wherein the conversion is based on another control signal (e.g., a pulse- width modulated control signal communicated from controller 512).
- Each of link capacitor 552 and output capacitor 554 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus to store energy in an electric field.
- Link capacitor 552 may be configured such that it stores energy generated by boost converter stage 536 in the form of the voltage VLINK-
- Output capacitor 554 may be configured such that it stores energy generated by buck converter stage 538 in the form of the voltage VOUT-
- LEDs 532 may comprise one or more light-emitting diodes configured to emit photonic energy in an amount based on the voltage VOUT across the LEDs 532.
- Controller 512 may comprise any system, device, or apparatus configured to, as described in greater detail elsewhere in this disclosure, determine one or more characteristics of voltage VREC present at the input of boost converter stage 536 and control an amount of current IREC drawn by the boost converter stage 536 based on such one or more characteristics of voltage VREC- Operation of controller 512 may be described by reference to FIGURE 6.
- an oscillating voltage Vs of the secondary winding of electronic transformer 522 may be delivered to lamp assembly 542, wherein the oscillating voltage is bounded by the waveform V ⁇ P_DM of the output of dimmer 502 depicted in FIGURE 6, the trailing edge of dimmer 502 occurring at times 3 ⁇ 4 shown in FIGURE 6.
- Bridge rectifier 534 may in turn rectify transformer secondary voltage Vs, generating an oscillating rectified voltage VREC delivered to boost stage 536, wherein the oscillating voltage is bounded by the waveform ⁇ VREC ⁇ depicted in FIGURE 6.
- controller 512 may receive and analyze the rectified VREC to determine one or more characteristics of the rectified voltage VREC- For example, controller 512 may be configured to detect an estimated occurrence of a positive edge of the VREC waveform occurring at time t during each half-line cycle when electronic transformer 522 begins oscillating. Such positive edge may occur after the beginning (occurring at time to) of the half line cycle of the supply voltage VSUPPLY when the voltage V ⁇ P_DIM is large enough for electronic transformer 522 to charge its timer capacitor.
- controller 512 may be configured to detect an estimated occurrence of a negative edge of the VREC waveform occurring at time t 3 during each half-line cycle corresponding to the trailing edge of dimmer 502 output signal V $ _D/M (e.g., the estimated occurrence of the high-resistance state of dimmer 502).
- the estimated occurrence of the trailing edge/high-resistance state of dimmer 502 may be predicted in any suitable manner, for example, using systems and methods disclosed in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/298,002 filed November 16, 2011 and entitled "Trailing Edge Dimmer Compatibility with Dimmer High Resistance Prediction," which is incorporated in its entirety herein for all purposes.
- controller 512 may determine the estimated half-line cycle of supply voltage V SUPPLY (e.g., based on the difference between successive estimated occurrences of the positive edge), the estimated phase angle of dimmer 502 (e.g., based on the difference between an estimated occurrence of the positive edge and an estimated occurrence of a subsequent negative edge), and/or other characteristics of the rectified voltage VREC- Thus, during each half-line cycle, controller 512 may use characteristics determined during the previous half-line cycle to control operation of map assembly 542.
- V SUPPLY e.g., based on the difference between successive estimated occurrences of the positive edge
- the estimated phase angle of dimmer 502 e.g., based on the difference between an estimated occurrence of the positive edge and an estimated occurrence of a subsequent negative edge
- controller 512 may use characteristics determined during the previous half-line cycle to control operation of map assembly 542.
- controller 512 may sequentially operate boost stage 536 in a plurality of modes. For example, from approximately the estimated occurrence of the positive edge at time tj to a subsequent time 3 ⁇ 4 > controller 512 may operate in a high-current power mode in which it enables boost converter stage 536, allowing boost converter stage 536 to draw a substantially non-zero current IREC such that energy is transferred from electronic transformer 522 to link capacitor 552.
- controller 512 may enter a low-current idle mode from time 3 ⁇ 4 to time 3 ⁇ 4 in which it disables boost converter stage 536 such that substantially no energy is delivered from electronic transformer 522 to link capacitor 552. Accordingly, during the idle mode, a small amount of ripple is present on link voltage VLINK and link capacitor 552 discharges to buck converter stage 538.
- controller 512 may enter a high-current trailing-edge exposure mode in which it enables boost converter stage 536 from time 3 ⁇ 4 to time 3 ⁇ 4 to allow controller 512 to detect the negative edge.
- the time t 3 may occur at a period of time before a predicted occurrence of the negative edge (based on the determination of the estimated occurrence of the negative edge from the previous half-line cycle) and time t4 may occur at the detection of the estimated occurrence of the negative edge.
- the duration of time between 3 ⁇ 4 and the predicted occurrence of the negative edge may remain constant, irrespective of the phase angle of dimmer 502.
- boost converter stage 536 may draw a substantially non-zero current IREC such that energy is transferred from electronic transformer 522 to link capacitor 552. Accordingly, controller 512 may control the cumulative durations of the power mode and the trailing-edge exposure mode such that the power delivered from electronic transformer 552 to lamp assembly 542 in each half- line cycle is commensurate with the control setting and phase-cut angle of dimmer 502.
- controller 512 may enter a low-impedance glue mode in which it continues to enable boost converter stage 536, but substantially zero current IREC is delivered to boost converter stage 536, on account of the phase cut of dimmer 502 and a substantially zero voltage VREC-
- the gl ue mode applies a low impedance to the secondary winding of electronic transformer 522, thus allowing discharge of any residual energy stored in the capacitors of dimmer 502 and/or electronic dimmer 522.
- controller 512 may again enter the power mode.
- controller 512 determines one of more characteristics of rectified voltage signal VREC in order to control operation of boost converter stage 536
- controller 512 may control operation of boost converter stage 536 by receiving and analyzing the unrectified electronic transformer voltage Vs.
- controller 512 may employ a plurality of power modes per half-line cycle, as shown in FIGURE 7 and described below. As shown in FIGURE 7, from approximately the estimated occurrence of the positive edge at time tj to a subsequent time controller 512 may operate in a first power mode in which it enables boost converter stage 536, allowing boost converter stage
- controller 512 may enter a first idle mode from time 3 ⁇ 4 to time 3 ⁇ 4 in which it disables boost converter stage 536 such that substantially no energy is delivered from electronic transformer 522 to link capacitor 552.
- controller 512 may operate in an additional power mode in which it enables boost converter stage 536, allowing boost converter stage 536 to draw a substantially non-zero current IREC such that energy is transferred from electronic transformer 522 to link capacitor 552.
- controller 512 may enter an additional idle mode from time 3 ⁇ 4 to time 3 ⁇ 4 in which it disables boost converter stage 536 such that substantially no energy is delivered from electronic transformer 522 to link capacitor 552. Following the additional idle mode, controller 512 may enter a trailing-edge exposure mode in which is enables boost converter stage 536 from time 3 ⁇ 4 to time 3 ⁇ 4 to allow controller 512 to detect the negative edge.
- controller 512 may enter a glue mode in which it continues to enable boost converter stage 536, but substantially zero current 3 ⁇ 4 £C is delivered to boost converter stage 536, on account of the phase cut of dimmer 502 and a substantially zero voltage VREC-
- FIGURE 7 represents embodiments in which controller 512 enters two power modes during a single half-line cycle, in these and other embodiments controller 512 may have any positive number of power modes.
- the cumulative durations of the power modes in the half-line cycle may be based on the estimated phase angle of dimmer 502 determined by controller 512, such that cumulative durations of the power modes and the trailing-edge exposure mode are such that the power delivered from electronic transformer 552 to lamp assembly 542 in each half-line cycle is commensurate with the control setting and phase-cut angle of dimmer 502.
- references in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne une unité de commande conçue pour: prédire, en fonction d'un signal secondaire de transformateur électronique, l'occurrence estimée d'un état de résistance élevée d'un atténuateur de bord de fuite couplé à un enroulement primaire d'un transformateur électronique, l'état de résistance élevée se produisant lorsque l'atténuateur de bord de fuite commence à découper par phase un signal de tension en courant alternatif ; actionner un convertisseur de puissance en mode d'exposition de bord de fuite pendant une première période immédiatement avant l'occurrence estimée de l'état de résistance élevée, de sorte que le convertisseur de puissance soit activé pour transférer de l'énergie depuis l'enroulement secondaire vers la charge pendant le mode d'exposition de bord de fuite ; et actionner le convertisseur de puissance en mode de puissance pendant une seconde période précédant la première période et non contigüe à celle-ci de sorte que le convertisseur de puissance soit activé pour transférer de l'énergie depuis l'enroulement secondaire vers la charge pendant le mode de puissance.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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US201361826250P | 2013-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | |
US61/826,250 | 2013-05-22 | ||
US14/039,355 | 2013-09-27 | ||
US14/039,355 US9215770B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2013-09-27 | Systems and methods for low-power lamp compatibility with a trailing-edge dimmer and an electronic transformer |
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WO2014189617A1 true WO2014189617A1 (fr) | 2014-11-27 |
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Cited By (1)
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CN110829876A (zh) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-21 | 中南大学 | 单相固态变压器的拓扑结构 |
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WO2011063205A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Circuit de charge réglable destiné à être utilisé avec un dispositif de réglage de charge |
US20110199017A1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Circuit and method for driving a luminous means |
WO2011111005A1 (fr) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Interface électrique pour circuit d'alimentation électrique |
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Patent Citations (3)
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WO2011063205A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-26 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Circuit de charge réglable destiné à être utilisé avec un dispositif de réglage de charge |
US20110199017A1 (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-18 | Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung | Circuit and method for driving a luminous means |
WO2011111005A1 (fr) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Interface électrique pour circuit d'alimentation électrique |
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CN110829876A (zh) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-21 | 中南大学 | 单相固态变压器的拓扑结构 |
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