WO2014183399A1 - 基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法 - Google Patents

基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014183399A1
WO2014183399A1 PCT/CN2013/087209 CN2013087209W WO2014183399A1 WO 2014183399 A1 WO2014183399 A1 WO 2014183399A1 CN 2013087209 W CN2013087209 W CN 2013087209W WO 2014183399 A1 WO2014183399 A1 WO 2014183399A1
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Prior art keywords
arrester
node
usb
voltage
current
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2013/087209
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王森
胡攀峰
郭洁
牛博
高峰
李志忠
吉宏亮
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority claimed from CN2013101824201A external-priority patent/CN103308753A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201310182431XA external-priority patent/CN103308754A/zh
Application filed by Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shanxi Electric Power Co Ltd
Publication of WO2014183399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014183399A1/zh
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
    • H02H1/0084—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals by means of pilot wires or a telephone network; watching of these wires
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0084—Measuring voltage only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
    • G01R15/181—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using coils without a magnetic core, e.g. Rogowski coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of overvoltage monitoring of ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission systems, and particularly relates to an over-voltage online monitoring system and method for lightning arrester nodes.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Most of the various accidents occurring in power grids are caused by overvoltages in the system. However, when there is an overvoltage accident in the system, it is often impossible to determine whether the cause of the accident is due to the overvoltage amplitude or steepness exceeding the capacity of the equipment or the insulation level of the equipment, which makes the analysis and judgment become It is very difficult to make effective measures.
  • the realization of over-voltage monitoring has clear guiding significance for correctly analyzing the cause of the accident, improving the insulation coordination of the power grid, and preventing internal and external over-voltage accidents.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an overvoltage online monitoring system and method based on a surge arrester full current, Solve the problems of the prior art. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An overvoltage online monitoring system based on a surge arrester full current comprising a front-end sensor sequentially connected, a USB high-speed data acquisition card, a USB optical fiber transmission system, and a computer recording display system; the front-end sensor is disposed at a lightning arrester node of the substation for real-time Collecting the surge current of the arrester; the USB high-speed data acquisition card collects the electrical signal output by the front-end sensor in real time, and transmits it to the computer record display system through the USB optical fiber transmission system.
  • the computer record display system calculates the arrester according to the obtained surge arrester current and the head time. The voltage of the node is displayed.
  • X is the wave head time, and the range is G ⁇ ⁇ 2G, and the unit is microsecond;
  • I is the inrush current collected by the front-end sensor, and the unit is ampere
  • the unit is microseconds.
  • a further improvement of the invention resides in that the front end sensor is a self-integrating Rogowski coil.
  • the further improvement of the present invention is: the USB optical fiber transmission system converts the electrical signal collected by the USB high-speed data acquisition card into an optical signal, and then transmits the optical signal to the remote end through the optical fiber for optical/electrical conversion, and then transmits the converted optical signal through the USB interface. Record the display system to the computer.
  • the front end sensor disposed at the arrester node of the substation collects the surge current of the arrester in real time
  • the computer record display system according to the head current of the inrush current X uses the formula (1) or formula (2) to calculate the voltage of the arrester node, and display in real time:
  • y is the voltage of the arrester node
  • 1 is the inrush current collected by the front-end sensor
  • the unit is kiloamperes (kA)
  • X is the wave head time, the range is 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2G, the unit is Microsecond
  • I is the inrush current collected by the front-end sensor, the unit is ampere;
  • X is the wave head time, and the range is
  • the further improvement of the present invention is: the USB optical fiber transmission system converts the electrical signal collected by the USB high-speed data acquisition card into an optical signal, and then transmits the optical signal to the remote end through the optical fiber for optical/electrical conversion, and then transmits the converted optical signal through the USB interface. Record the display system to the computer.
  • the present invention has the following advantages: The invention is based on the characteristics of voltammetric characteristics of a zinc oxide resistor under lightning and operating surge current, and uses a lightning arrester to impact a full current to restore the voltage of the arrester node to realize overvoltage online monitoring. The system considers the influence of the impact current waveform and amplitude on the overvoltage of the arrester node under lightning impulse.
  • the invention proposes an on-line monitoring system for overvoltage of the lightning arrester node by using a lightning arrester to reduce the overvoltage of the power system, without adding equipment in the power system, changing the structure of the equipment or adopting special casing taps, etc.
  • the power system is safe and reliable for operation.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of an online monitoring system of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an overvoltage online monitoring system based on surge arrester full current, including a front-end sensor (self-integrating Rogowski coil), a USB high-speed data acquisition card, a USB optical fiber transmission system, and a computer recording display. system.
  • the front end sensor is disposed at the arrester node of the substation for real-time collecting the surge current of the arrester; the surge current of the arrester collected by the front end sensor is transmitted to the USB high speed data acquisition card, and the USB high speed data acquisition card transmits the data to the USB optical fiber transmission system;
  • the USB optical fiber transmission system converts the electrical signals collected by the USB high-speed data acquisition card into optical signals for transmission to the remote end for optical/electrical conversion, and then transmits the converted optical signals to the computer recording and display system through the USB interface.
  • the computer record display system calculates the voltage of the arrester node according to the wave head time of the inrush current X by using equation (1) or formula (2), and displays it in real time:
  • y is the voltage of the arrester node
  • 1 is the inrush current collected by the front-end sensor, the unit is kiloamperes (kA);
  • X is the wave head time, the range is 0 ⁇ ⁇ 20, the unit In microseconds ( ⁇ 8 ).
  • I is the inrush current collected by the front-end sensor, the unit is ampere;
  • X is the wave head time, the range is 20 ⁇ ; ⁇ 40, the unit is microsecond.
  • the above calculation formula is obtained by the proportional component test to obtain the impact current amplitude, wave head and node voltage (residual pressure) amplitude sample database of various types of zinc oxide arresters in the system; using the function fitting method to the system zinc oxide arrester The relationship between the amplitude of the inrush current, the wave head and the node voltage (residual voltage).
  • the invention provides an on-line monitoring method for overvoltage based on surge arrester full current, comprising the following steps: 1) The front end sensor disposed at the arrester node of the substation collects the surge current of the arrester in real time;
  • the surge current of the arrester collected by the front-end sensor is transmitted to the USB high-speed data acquisition card, and the USB high-speed data
  • the acquisition card transmits the data to the USB optical fiber transmission system;
  • the USB optical fiber transmission system converts the electrical signal collected by the USB high-speed data acquisition card into an optical signal, transmits the optical signal to the remote end through the optical fiber for optical/electrical conversion, and then passes the converted optical signal through
  • the USB interface is transmitted to the computer record display system;
  • the computer record display system according to the head current of the inrush current X uses the formula (1) or formula (2) to calculate the voltage of the arrester node, and display in real time:
  • y is the voltage of the arrester node
  • 1 is the inrush current collected by the front-end sensor, the unit is kiloamperes (kA);
  • X is the wave head time, the range is 0 ⁇ ⁇ 20, the unit In microseconds ( ⁇ 8 ).
  • U U 0 (I) + U l (I)e- x, u ⁇ (2)
  • U is the voltage of the arrester node;
  • t/ 0 (/) 5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/-5.42355E-9 /
  • Example 1 Taking a no-gap metal oxide arrester with a rated voltage of 51kV in a 35kV power system as an example, a self-integrating Rogowski coil with no iron core is used as a current sensing head to measure the inrush current of the zinc oxide arrester in real time, and the measured data is passed through USB.
  • the high-speed data acquisition card is collected and transmitted to the computer record display system through the USB fiber transmission system.
  • the computer record display system obtains the current amplitude and the wave head time parameter, such as the impact current amplitude is 10.211kA, and the inrush current wave head time is 8 ⁇ 8
  • the computer record shows that the arrester node voltage is 147.32kV under the inrush current condition.
  • the voltage of the arrester node is 138.93kV measured with a high voltage divider, and the error is within 5%.
  • Real-time online monitoring of the overvoltage of the arrester node is realized.
  • Through the computer record display system display real-time display arrester node voltage when the system has an overvoltage accident, can accurately determine the cause of the accident is the overvoltage amplitude or steepness exceeds the capacity of the equipment, or the insulation level of the equipment is reduced, can Help substation supervisors to propose effective measures.
  • the realization of over-voltage monitoring has clear guiding significance for correctly analyzing the cause of the accident, improving the insulation coordination of the power grid, and preventing internal and external over-voltage accidents.
  • Example 2 Taking a no-gap metal oxide arrester with a rated voltage of 51kV in a 35kV power system as an example, a self-integrating Rogowski coil with no iron core is used as a current sensing head to measure the inrush current of the zinc oxide arrester in real time, and the measured data. It is collected by USB high-speed data acquisition card, and then transmitted to the computer record display system through USB optical fiber transmission system.
  • the computer record display system obtains current amplitude and wave head time parameters, such as the impact current amplitude is 0.537kA, and the inrush current wave head time is 20 ⁇ 8 , the computer record shows that the voltage of the arrester node is 107.4kV under the condition of operating impulse current.
  • the voltage of the arrester node is 112.16kV measured with a high voltage divider, and the error is within 5%.
  • Real-time online monitoring of the overvoltage of the arrester node is realized.
  • Through the computer record display system display real-time display arrester node voltage when the system has an overvoltage accident, can accurately determine the cause of the accident is the overvoltage amplitude or steepness exceeds the capacity of the equipment, or the insulation level of the equipment is reduced, can Help substation supervisors to propose effective measures.
  • the realization of over-voltage monitoring has clear guiding significance for correctly analyzing the cause of the accident, improving the insulation coordination of the power grid, and preventing internal and external over-voltage accidents.
  • the invention provides an online monitoring system and method for overvoltage of a full current reduction arrester node by using a lightning arrester, which can effectively monitor an overvoltage in a power system without adding equipment in the power system, changing equipment structure or adopting a special casing tap. Measures comply with the requirements of the power system for safe and reliable operation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法，所述系统包括依次连接的前端传感器、USB 高速数据采集卡、USB 光纤传输系统和计算机记录显示系统；所述前端传感器设置于变电站的避雷器节点处，用于实时采集避雷器的冲击电流；USB 高速数据采集卡实时采集前端传感器输出的电信号，并通过 USB 光纤传输系统传输给计算机记录显示系统，计算机记录显示系统根据获得的避雷器冲击电流和波头时间计算出避雷器节点的电压，并进行显示。本发明系统可有效监测电力系统中过电压，而不需要在电力系统中增加设备、改变设备结构或采用设计特殊的套管抽头等措施，符合电力系统对运行安全可靠的要求。

Description

基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法
技术领域
本发明属于超、 特高压输电系统过电压监测技术领域， 特别涉及一种避雷器节点的过 电压在线监测系统及方法。 背景技术 电网中发生的各种事故绝大部分是由于系统中过电压引起的。但当系统出现过电压事 故时，往往由于缺乏有效的监测手段，无法确定事故原因是过电压幅值或陡度超过设备的 承受能力， 还是设备的绝缘水平降低所造成， 这些使得分析判断变得十分困难， 使得无法 提出有效的针对措施。实现过电压监测对正确分析事故原因， 改进电网绝缘配合， 防止内 外过电压事故等都有明确的指导意义。 国内外现有的过电压在线监测系统一般采用高压分压器来直接获取过电压信号，或通 过对变压器高压套管末屏电流的测量， 采用特殊设计的电路还原套管母线处过电压波形。 但这些方法还处于起步阶段，且需要在高压侧增补设备、设计特殊的套管抽头等影响系统 运行可靠性， 这些过电压在线监测方法主要应用在配电网， 对超、特高压系统过电压的监 测目前还尚未使用。 加装避雷器是电力系统过电压保护的基本手段。 在变电站中， 进线、 母线、 变压器、 电抗器等重要节点上均设置避雷器达到防雷保护、限制操作过电压的目的。现阶段使用的 避雷器以金属氧化锌避雷器为主， 国内外对避雷器所用氧化锌电阻片在雷电、操作冲击电 流下伏安特性的研究已取得一些具有实际应用价值的结论，如氧化锌电阻片在陡波冲击电 流下呈现明显的电感效应， 电阻片残压与冲击电流陡度有关。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法，以 解决现有技术存在的问题。 为了实现上述目的， 本发明采用如下技术方案：
基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统， 包括依次连接的前端传感器、 USB 高 速数据采集卡、 USB光纤传输系统和计算机记录显示系统； 所述前端传感器设置于变电站 的避雷器节点处， 用于实时采集避雷器的冲击电流； USB 高速数据采集卡实时采集前端传 感器输出的电信号， 并通过 USB光纤传输系统传输给计算机记录显示系统， 计算机记录显 示系统根据获得的避雷器冲击电流和波头时间计算出避雷器节点的电压， 并进行显示。 本发明进一步的改进在于： 计算机记录显示系统根据冲击电流的波头时间 X采用式 (1) 或式 （2) 计算出该避雷器节点的电压， 并实时进行显示： 1)、 当 0< ≤20时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系： y = y0 + Ae
(1) y0 = 6.06568 + 0.15081/ - 0.00354/
0.498(0≤/≤9)
A- 0.530(9</≤13)
0.555(13</≤20)
4.9(0≤/≤9)
5.165(9</≤13)
5.307(13</≤20) 其中， y为避雷器节点的电压 ;1为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流，单位为千安培 (kA);
X为波头时间， 范围为 G<^≤2G， 单位为微秒;
2)、 当 20< ≤40时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系：
U = U0(I) + Ul(I)e-x/U2(I)
(2) 其中， U为避雷器节点的电压；
U0(I) = 5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/ -5.42355E-9/2 0.87436(250≤/≤300)
0.70555(300 </≤500)
0.8062(500 </≤800)
0.82024(800</≤1000)
'14.18453(250≤/≤300)
17.40393(300</≤500)
u2(0
13.67742(500</≤800)
12.48046(800</≤1000)
其中 I 为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流， 单位为安培;
20< <40 , 单位为微秒。
本发明进一步的改进在于： 所述前端传感器为自积分的罗氏线圈。
本发明进一步的改进在于： USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集的电信号转 换成光信号， 然后通过光纤传输到远端进行光 /电转换， 然后将转换后的光信号通过 USB 接口传输给计算机记录显示系统。
1)、 设置于变电站的避雷器节点处的前端传感器实时采集避雷器的冲击电流;
2)、前端传感器采集的避雷器的冲击电流传输给 USB高速数据采集卡， USB高速数据 采集卡将该数据传输给 USB光纤传输系统； USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集 的电信号传输给计算机记录显示系统；
3)、 计算机记录显示系统根据冲击电流的波头时间 X采用式（1)或式（2)计算出该 避雷器节点的电压， 并实时进行显示：
3.1)、 当 0<^≤20时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系：
y = y0 + Ae
(1) y。 =6.06568 + 0.15081/ -0.00354/ 0.498(0≤/≤9)
A- 0.530(9</≤13)
0.555(13</≤20)
4.9(0≤/≤9)
5.165(9</≤13)
5.307(13</≤20) 其中， y为避雷器节点的电压 ;1为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流，单位为千安培 (kA); X为波头时间， 范围为 0< ≤2G， 单位为微秒；
3.2)、 当 20<;c≤40时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系:
U = U0(I) + Ul(I)e-xW2{1)
(2) 其中， U为避雷器节点的电压； t/0(/) = 5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/-5.42355E-9/
0.87436(250≤/≤300)
0.70555(300</≤500)
0.8062(500<7≤800)
0.82024(800<7≤1000)
14.18453(250≤/≤300)
17.40393(300</≤500)
u2(0
13.67742(500</≤800)
12.48046(800</≤1000) 其中 I为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流， 单位为安培； X为波头时间， 范围为
20<Λ;≤40 , 单位为微秒。
本发明进一步的改进在于： USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集的电信号转 换成光信号， 然后通过光纤传输到远端进行光 /电转换， 然后将转换后的光信号通过 USB 接口传输给计算机记录显示系统。 相对于现有技术， 本发明具有以下优点： 本发明基于氧化锌电阻片在雷电、操作冲击 电流下伏安特性具有的特点，利用避雷器冲击全电流还原避雷器节点电压从而实现过电压 在线监测。本系统考虑了雷电冲击下，冲击电流波形、幅值等对避雷器节点过电压的影响， 能够有效计算避雷器节点过电压。本发明提出采用避雷器冲击电流还原避雷器节点过电压 在线监测系统， 可有效监测电力系统中过电压， 而不需要在电力系统中增加设备、改变设 备结构或采用设计特殊的套管抽头等措施， 符合电力系统对运行安全可靠的要求。
附图说明
图 1为本发明在线监测系统的结构框图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出的基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法，结合实例说明如 下：
请参阅图 1所以，本发明一种基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统，包括依 次连接的前端传感器 （自积分的 Rogowski线圈）、 USB高速数据采集卡、 USB光纤传输系 统和计算机记录显示系统。
前端传感器设置于变电站的避雷器节点处，用于实时采集避雷器的冲击电流；前端传 感器采集的避雷器的冲击电流传输给 USB高速数据采集卡， USB高速数据采集卡将该数据 传输给 USB光纤传输系统； USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集的电信号转换成 光信号通过光纤传输到远端进行光 /电转换， 然后将转换后的光信号通过 USB接口传输给 计算机记录显示系统。
计算机记录显示系统根据冲击电流的波头时间 X采用式（1 )或式（2 )计算出该避雷 器节点的电压， 并实时进行显示：
1 当 0 < ≤20时 （雷电冲击电流）， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系：
y = y0 + Ae-x" ( 1 ) y0 = 6.06568 + 0.15081/ - 0.00354/2 0.498(0≤/≤9)
Λ = ^0.530(9</≤13)
0.555(13</≤20)
4.9(0≤/≤9)
5.165(9</≤13)
5.307(13</≤20) 其中， y为避雷器节点的电压 ;1为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流，单位为千安培 (kA); X为波头时间， 范围为 0<^≤20， 单位为微秒 （μ8)。
2、 当 20< c≤40时 （操作冲击电流）， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系：
U = U0(I) + Ul(I)e
(2) 其中， U为避雷器节点的电压; t/0(/) = 5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/-5.42355E-9/
0.87436(250≤/≤300)
0.70555(300</≤500)
0.8062(500<7≤800)
0.82024(800<7≤1000)
14.18453(250≤/≤300)
17.40393(300</≤500)
U2(0
13.67742(500</≤800)
12.48046(800</≤1000) 其中 I为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流， 单位为安培； X为波头时间， 范围为 20<Λ;≤40 , 单位为微秒。 上述计算公式，是通过比例元件试验得到系统各种不同类型氧化锌避雷器的冲击电流 幅值、波头与节点电压（残压）幅值样本数据库； 运用函数拟合的方法对系统氧化锌避雷 器的冲击电流幅值、 波头与节点电压 （残压） 之间的对应关系所得到的。 本发明一种基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测方法， 包括以下步骤： 1)、 设置于变电站的避雷器节点处的前端传感器实时采集避雷器的冲击电流；
2)、前端传感器采集的避雷器的冲击电流传输给 USB高速数据采集卡， USB高速数据 采集卡将该数据传输给 USB光纤传输系统； USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集 的电信号转换成光信号通过光纤传输到远端进行光 /电转换， 然后将转换后的光信号通过 USB接口传输给计算机记录显示系统；
3)、 计算机记录显示系统根据冲击电流的波头时间 X采用式（1)或式（2)计算出该 避雷器节点的电压， 并实时进行显示：
当 0<JC≤20时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系： y = y0 + Ae
(1) y。 =6.06568 + 0.15081/ -0.00354/
0.498(0≤/≤9)
A- 0.530(9</≤13)
0.555(13</≤20)
4.9(0≤/≤9)
5.165(9</≤13)
5.307(13</≤20) 其中， y为避雷器节点的电压 ;1为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流，单位为千安培 (kA); X为波头时间， 范围为 0<^≤20， 单位为微秒 （μ8)。
3.2)、 当 20<;c≤40时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系：
U = U0(I) + Ul(I)e-x,u^ (2) 其中， U为避雷器节点的电压； t/0(/) = 5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/-5.42355E-9/
0.87436(250≤/≤300)
0.70555(300</≤500)
0.8062(500<7≤800)
0.82024(800<7≤1000) 14.18453(250≤/≤300)
17.40393(300 < /≤500)
2 13.67742(500 < /≤800)
12.48046(800 < /≤1000) 其中 I为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流， 单位为安培； X为波头时间， 范围为 20 < Λ;≤40 , 单位为微秒。 上述计算公式，是通过比例元件试验得到系统各种不同类型氧化锌避雷器的冲击电流 幅值、波头与节点电压（残压）幅值样本数据库； 运用函数拟合的方法对系统氧化锌避雷 器的冲击电流幅值、 波头与节点电压 （残压） 之间的对应关系所得到的。 实施例 1 : 以 35kV电力系统中额定电压 51kV无间隙金属氧化物避雷器为例， 采用无铁芯的自 积分 Rogowski线圈作为电流传感头对氧化锌避雷器冲击电流进行实时测量， 测量的数据 通过 USB高速数据采集卡采集，然后通过 USB光纤传输系统传输给计算机记录显示系统， 计算机记录显示系统得到电流幅值、 波头时间参数， 如冲击电流幅值为 10.211kA， 冲击 电流波头时间为 8μ8， 计算机记录显示系统计算得到冲击电流条件下避雷器节点电压为 147.32kV, 使用高压分压器测量得到避雷器节点电压为 138.93kV， 误差在 5%以内。 实现 对避雷器节点过电压的实时在线监测。通过计算机记录显示系统实时显示的避雷器节点电 压， 当系统出现过电压事故时，能够准确的确定事故原因是过电压幅值或陡度超过设备的 承受能力，还是设备的绝缘水平降低所造成，可以帮助变电站监控人员提出有效的针对措 施。实现过电压监测对正确分析事故原因， 改进电网绝缘配合， 防止内外过电压事故等都 有明确的指导意义。 实施例 2: 以 35kV电力系统中额定电压 51kV无间隙金属氧化物避雷器为例， 采用无铁芯的自 积分 Rogowski线圈作为电流传感头对氧化锌避雷器冲击电流进行实时测量， 测量的数据 通过 USB高速数据采集卡采集，然后通过 USB光纤传输系统传输给计算机记录显示系统， 计算机记录显示系统得到电流幅值、 波头时间参数， 如冲击电流幅值为 0.537kA， 冲击电 流波头时间为 20μ8， 计算机记录显示系统计算得到操作冲击电流条件下避雷器节点电压 为 107.4kV， 使用高压分压器测量得到避雷器节点电压为 112.16kV， 误差在 5%以内。 实 现对避雷器节点过电压的实时在线监测。通过计算机记录显示系统实时显示的避雷器节点 电压， 当系统出现过电压事故时，能够准确的确定事故原因是过电压幅值或陡度超过设备 的承受能力，还是设备的绝缘水平降低所造成，可以帮助变电站监控人员提出有效的针对 措施。实现过电压监测对正确分析事故原因， 改进电网绝缘配合， 防止内外过电压事故等 都有明确的指导意义。
本发明提出采用避雷器冲击全电流还原避雷器节点过电压在线监测系统及方法，可有 效监测电力系统中过电压，而不需要在电力系统中增加设备、改变设备结构或采用设计特 殊的套管抽头等措施， 符合电力系统对运行安全可靠的要求。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统， 其特征在于， 包括依次连接的前 端传感器、 USB 高速数据采集卡、 USB光纤传输系统和计算机记录显示系统； 所述前端传 感器设置于变电站的避雷器节点处， 用于实时采集避雷器的冲击电流； USB 高速数据采集 卡实时采集前端传感器输出的电信号， 并通过 USB光纤传输系统传输给计算机记录显示系 统， 计算机记录显示系统根据获得的避雷器冲击电流和波头时间计算出避雷器节点的电 压， 并进行显示。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统， 其特征在 于， 计算机记录显示系统根据冲击电流的波头时间 X采用式（1)或式（2)计算出该避雷 器节点的电压， 并实时进行显示：
1)、 当 0< ≤20时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系： y = y0 + ^-χ" ( y0 = 6.06568 + 0.15081/ - 0.00354/
0.498(0≤/≤9)
A- 0.530(9</≤13)
0.555(13</≤20)
4.9(0≤/≤9)
5.165(9</≤13)
5.307(13</≤20) 其中， y为避雷器节点的电压 ;1为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流，单位为千安培 (kA);
X为波头时间， 范围为 0< ≤20， 单位为微秒；
2)、 当 20< ≤40时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系:
U = U0(I) + U1(I)e-x'
(2) 其中， U为避雷器节点的电压； U0 (I) = 5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/ - 5.42355E-9/
0.87436(250≤/≤300)
0.70555(300 < /≤500)
0.8062(500 < /≤ 800)
0.82024(800 < /≤1000)
14.18453(250≤/≤300)
17.40393(300 < /≤500)
13.67742(500 < /≤ 800)
[12.48046(800 < /≤1000) 其中 I 为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流， 单位为安培； X 为波头时间， 范围为 20 < < 40 , 单位为微秒
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统， 其特征在 于， 所述前端传感器为自积分的罗氏线圈<
4、 根据权利要求 1 所述的基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统， 其特征在 于， USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集的电信号转换成光信号， 然后通过光纤 传输到远端进行光 /电转换， 然后将转换后的光信号通过 USB接口传输给计算机记录显示
5、 基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测方法， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
1 )、 设置于变电站的避雷器节点处的前端传感器实时采集避雷器的冲击电流；
2 )、前端传感器采集的避雷器的冲击电流传输给 USB高速数据采集卡， USB高速数据 采集卡将该数据传输给 USB光纤传输系统； USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集 的电信号传输给计算机记录显示系统;
3)、 计算机记录显示系统根据冲击电流的波头时间 X采用式（1 )或式（2)计算出该 避雷器节点的电压， 并实时进行显示:
3.1)、 当 0< ≤20时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系：
y = y0 + Ae
(1) y0 = 6.06568 + 0.15081/ - 0.00354/
0.498(0≤/≤9)
A- 0.530(9</≤13)
0.555(13</≤20)
4.9(0≤/≤9)
5.165(9</≤13)
5.307(13</≤20) 其中， y为避雷器节点的电压 ;1为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流，单位为千安培 (kA); X为波头时间， 范围为 0< ≤20， 单位为微秒；
3.2)、 当 20< ≤40时， 冲击电流与节点电压的关系:
U = U0(I) + U1(I)e-"/u
(2) 其中， U为避雷器节点的电压;
5.86074 + 1.8223E-4/ - 5.42355E-9/
'0.87436(250≤/≤300)
0.70555(300</≤500)
0.8062(500 </≤ 800)
0.82024(800 </≤1000)
14.18453(250≤/≤300)
17.40393(300</≤500)
13.67742(500 </≤ 800)
[12.48046(800 </≤1000) 其中 I为前端传感器所采集的冲击电流， 单位为安培； X为波头时间， 范围为
20 < < 40 , 单位为微秒。 6、 根据权利要求 1 所述的基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测方法， 其特征在 于， USB光纤传输系统将 USB高速数据采集卡采集的电信号转换成光信号， 然后通过光纤 传输到远端进行光 /电转换， 然后将转换后的光信号通过 USB接口传输给计算机记录显示 系统。
PCT/CN2013/087209 2013-05-16 2013-11-15 基于避雷器冲击全电流的过电压在线监测系统及方法 Ceased WO2014183399A1 (zh)

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