WO2014180125A1 - 一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法 - Google Patents

一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法 Download PDF

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WO2014180125A1
WO2014180125A1 PCT/CN2013/088476 CN2013088476W WO2014180125A1 WO 2014180125 A1 WO2014180125 A1 WO 2014180125A1 CN 2013088476 W CN2013088476 W CN 2013088476W WO 2014180125 A1 WO2014180125 A1 WO 2014180125A1
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Prior art keywords
stability
analysis
power
grid
power grid
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PCT/CN2013/088476
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕颖
鲁广明
曹学书
丁佳
刘超锋
张强
谢成龙
郑海鸥
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国家电网公司
中国电力科学研究院
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Publication of WO2014180125A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014180125A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of power system dispatching operation and calculation analysis, and particularly relates to an operation ticket security checking method based on disturbance evaluation and trend analysis. Background technique
  • the grid dispatching operation ticket is an important management system to ensure the safe operation of the power grid.
  • the power grid dispatching operation ticket is a strict operation procedure formulated to ensure the correct change of the equipment operation mode under the requirements of system operation mode, protection coordination and safety operation rules.
  • the existing operation ticket generation system is often less considered in terms of operational safety. The main reason is that the existing operation ticket system is not connected to the real-time operation of the grid monitoring system, and most of them are operated offline, and the actual operation status of the grid is not combined. Conduct a security check.
  • the current grid operation ticket system mainly relies on subjective experience for the correctness and security inspection of ticketing. Most of it depends on the logic judgment of the expert system and the visual analysis of the dispatcher after the ticket is issued. Analysis for scientific operation ticket security check.
  • the operating conditions of the systems at different times are very different. The same equipment may be affected at different times, and there may even be tidal currents and voltages. . Therefore, how to quickly and accurately calculate the power flow for the operation steps formed by automatic reasoning to analyze the safety and stability of the system after operation becomes the key to ensure correct operation of the power grid. Since the state of the grid changes in real time, only the real-time data is used to check the operation ticket, so as to ensure the safety and correctness of the operation ticket to the utmost extent.
  • Safeguarding safe, economical, efficient and sustainable power supply is the goal that the power grid dispatching operation always pursues.
  • Safety check is one of the key technologies to ensure the safe and stable economic operation of large power grids. It is an important security line to protect the power grid.
  • the grid dispatching operation plays an increasingly important technical support role. With the rapid development of large-scale interconnection of power grids, in the AC/DC hybrid large power grid with the highest voltage level, the largest transmission capacity, the most advanced technology and the most complex operating characteristics, it is urgent to study the method of safety check of grid dispatching operation tickets. The key issues that need to be addressed are:
  • Power flow dispatching operation flow analysis The execution of grid dispatching operation tickets will cause changes in grid power flow and may create new safety problems. Therefore, grid power flow calculation must be performed before grid dispatching operations are performed. Electricity Network dispatching operation power flow calculation is based on grid model, real-time operation mode, grid operation ticket, power generation plan and load forecasting, intelligent integration and power flow calculation, and obtains power flow information of grid before and after grid dispatching operation.
  • Power grid dispatching operation disturbance analysis The power grid dispatching operation ticket execution process will bring disturbance shock to the power grid and create fluctuations in success angle, voltage or frequency.
  • Stable trend analysis of grid dispatching operation The execution of grid dispatching operation will cause changes in grid power flow, which in turn will cause changes in grid stability characteristics.
  • the present invention proposes an operation ticket security check method based on disturbance estimation and trend analysis, realizes comprehensive security and stability analysis of the power grid dispatching operation ticket, and evaluates the influence of the dispatch operation disturbance on the grid security, and Analyze the trend of the safety and stability level of the grid before and after the operation, and provide the technical support for the safety and stability analysis of the operation ticket for the dispatching operator, thereby improving the safety and stability level of the power grid.
  • the invention provides an operation ticket security check method based on disturbance estimation and trend analysis, which is improved in that the method comprises the following steps:
  • the step (1) statistical data includes operation ticket information data, grid model data, grid real-time operation mode data, scheduling schedule data corresponding to the time, and load prediction data.
  • step (2) according to the execution time of the operation ticket, superimposing the scheduling plan and the load prediction data of the corresponding time on the basis of the latest real-time data of the grid at the check time, combined with the scheduling operation
  • the power flow topology or node power changes, and the system power flow calculation before and after the operation is performed separately.
  • step (2) when performing the stability check calculation, the stability analysis is performed according to the obtained system power flow, including static safety analysis, static stability analysis, transient stability analysis, dynamic stability analysis, and stability margin evaluation.
  • step (3) according to the pre-operational power flow data formed in step (2), adding node disturbance and network disturbance in the time domain simulation calculation, simulating the corresponding power grid dispatching operation, performing transient stability analysis, and monitoring nearby power grid work
  • the change of angle, voltage and frequency evaluate the transient stability and damping characteristics of the operation disturbance, and perform the disturbance evaluation of the grid dispatching operation.
  • the transient stability analysis method is used to convert the power grid dispatching operation into disturbance information, perform time domain simulation analysis, monitor the power angle, voltage and frequency variation curves of the power grid near the operating equipment, and evaluate the transient stability characteristics of the operation disturbance and Damping characteristics.
  • step (4) according to the trend data before and after the operation formed in step (2) and the corresponding stability margin evaluation result, the change of the stability analysis result before and after the operation is compared, including the change of the static safety analysis result, and the transient stability
  • the change of characteristic results, the change of dynamic stable damping ratio result, the change of static stability reserve coefficient result and the change of stability margin of power transmission section evaluate the variation trend of various stability characteristics, and the stability is deteriorated and the stability is unchanged. And the trend of stability, to achieve stable trend analysis before and after operation.
  • step (5) according to the calculation results of 3) and 4), the safety analysis conclusion for the power grid operation ticket is obtained. If the operation disturbance causes the grid stability problem such as transient instability or static safety violation, then It is recommended that the operation not be performed, and the conclusion of the steady trend analysis is given, so that the grid dispatching operator can grasp the change of the safety and stability level of the grid before and after the execution of the operating ticket.
  • the grid stability problem such as transient instability or static safety violation
  • the invention comprehensively uses data such as grid dispatching operation ticket, real-time operation mode data of the power grid, scheduling plan data, load forecasting and the like, and performs AC power flow calculation.
  • the power flow calculation method of the power grid dispatching operation ticket is easy to implement, and the power flow trend reflecting the actual situation before and after the execution of the dispatching operation can be obtained.
  • the operational disturbance evaluation of the present invention converts the power grid dispatching operation into a disturbance of the transient stability analysis, and obtains the transient stability analysis conclusion and the disturbance curve of the operational disturbance by time domain simulation.
  • This operational disturbance assessment method is easy to implement and can take into account transient response caused by grid operation.
  • the stability trend analysis of the grid operation of the present invention comprehensively stabilizes the grid before and after the operation Analysis, and then compare the changes in the stability characteristics of the grid, can visually demonstrate the impact of dispatch operations on the security and stability of the grid.
  • the invention adopts the parallel computing technology to improve the calculation efficiency of the security check of the power grid operation ticket, and the calculation speed is increased by more than 100 times compared with the single machine calculation.
  • the present invention proposes a comprehensive safety check method for dispatching operation tickets of the power grid, and provides technical support for improving the safe and stable operation level of the power grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of a calibration method provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the results of operational disturbance evaluation provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of trend change of static security analysis provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the trend change of the stability margin evaluation provided by the present invention.
  • Operational Ticket Security Check Data Organization Prepare the required data to provide a data foundation for subsequent power flow analysis and stable calculations.
  • the operation ticket information in the following format is formed:
  • the schedule plan data and the load forecast data of the corresponding time are obtained.
  • the power flow analysis is first carried out to obtain the system power flow before and after the grid dispatching operation.
  • the power flow calculation is based on the given grid structure, parameters, and operating conditions of the generator, load, etc., to determine the calculation of the steady-state operating state parameters of each part of the power system.
  • the grid operation ticket flow analysis determines the grid topology based on the grid real-time operation mode data, maintenance plan, and operation ticket information, and determines the node power injection according to the grid real-time operation mode data and power generation plan and bus load prediction.
  • a comprehensive stability analysis is then performed, including static safety analysis, static stability analysis, transient stability analysis, dynamic stability analysis, and stability margin assessment.
  • the static safety analysis is based on the power flow of the grid, and the fault set of the N-1 fault is checked for other components.
  • the whole network main equipment including the line, main transformer, unit, bus
  • Static stability analysis For the specified transmission section, according to the specified power-on sequence, calculate the ability of the power system to automatically return to the initial operating state after a small disturbance, without aperiodic oscillation. By static The stability analysis can obtain the static stability of the grid, calculate the static stable power limit of the specified transmission section and judge whether the margin index such as static stability reserve meets the requirements of the safety and stability guidelines.
  • Transient stability analysis According to the transient stability expected fault set, the detailed time domain simulation calculation is performed on the power grid. According to the preset stability judgment principle, after the power system is subjected to large interference, each synchronous generator keeps running synchronously and transitions to stability. The ability of the mode of operation, and gives the results of safety analysis (including transient power angle stability, transient voltage stability and transient frequency stability) and sequencing.
  • the dynamic stability analysis uses the eigenvalue analysis method to analyze the ability to maintain stable operation under the action of automatic adjustment and control devices after small disturbances, and to judge the dynamic stability of the operating ticket flow.
  • Dynamic stable analysis calculates the oscillation mode and damping ratio of the whole network, and selects some of the most critical dominant oscillation modes, and concludes the dynamic stability of small disturbances.
  • Parallel computing technology is used for the safety check calculation of the operation ticket, including parallel operation before operation, post-operation check calculation, static safety analysis, transient stability calculation, etc. Parallel operation of various stable calculations. Check the calculation, give full play to the computing performance of the computer group, and greatly improve the calculation efficiency.
  • the transient stability analysis method is used to add node disturbance and network disturbance in the time domain simulation calculation to simulate the corresponding grid dispatching operation.
  • the curve of the power angle, voltage and frequency of the nearby power grid is output, and the transient stability and damping characteristics of the operation disturbance are evaluated based on the transient stability analysis results.
  • Transient stability analysis conclusions include: disturbance description, disturbance component, stability condition, maximum power angle moment, damping ratio, name of maximum power angle generator, name of minimum power angle generator, maximum power angle difference, minimum voltage bus name, Minimum voltage, lowest frequency generator name, lowest frequency, highest frequency generator name and highest frequency.
  • the monitoring curve includes the maximum power angle curve, the lowest voltage curve, the lowest frequency curve, and a custom interest curve (including the power angle curve for the specified genset, the voltage curve for the specified bus, and the active power curve for the specified line).
  • Figure 2 shows the results of operational disturbance assessment in Sichuan province, including operational disturbance transient stability analysis conclusions and monitoring curves.
  • the fault name is the operation disturbance czpl l l220—002
  • the curve a represents the generator power angle (national adjustment, Three Gorges Left Bank Plant. n—Sichuan. Ertan Plant. 20. 17366)
  • curve b indicates (National Tune, Three Gorges Left Bank Factory. n—Sichuan. Ertan Factory. 20. 17367).
  • the transient stability analysis of the disturbance is that no transient instability occurs, and the angle of attack of the generator fluctuates. Gradually subsided. 4) Stability trend analysis before and after operation
  • the changes of the stability analysis results before and after the operation are compared, including the change of the static safety analysis over the limit result, the change of the transient stability characteristic result, the change of the dynamic stable damping ratio result, and the static stable reserve. Changes in coefficient results and changes in grid transmission section stability margin results.
  • Figure 3 shows the trend change of static security analysis.
  • the bar graphs on the left and right sides of the figure are the number of static safety analysis devices before and after the operation, a, c is the number of devices exceeding the limit, b, d is the number of heavy equipment, you can see The number of grid static limit devices before and after the operation is reduced.
  • Figure 4 shows the trend change of the stability margin evaluation.
  • the curve a is the stability margin curve of the specified transmission section, and the b curve is the power flow curve of the specified transmission section. It can be seen that the stability margin of the transmission section is reduced before and after the operation.
  • step 3) and step 4 the conclusion of the safety check of the operation ticket is obtained:
  • the operation disturbance does not cause the grid to be unstable, and the static safety limit of the grid before and after the operation is reduced.
  • the section stability margin decreases; this operation can be performed, but it is necessary to pay attention to the situation where the stability margin of part of the transmission section decreases after operation.
  • Power grid dispatching operation ticket is a strict operation procedure formulated to ensure the correct change of the operation mode of the equipment under the requirements of system operation mode, protection coordination, and safety operation rules. .
  • Safety check provides technical support for power grid dispatching operation, and uses various safety and stability analysis methods such as static safety and transient stability to conduct flexible and comprehensive security check on power grid dispatching operation tickets.
  • Disturbance assessment Transform the grid dispatching operation into the disturbance of the transient stability analysis, and perform simulation calculation to analyze the influence of the grid operation process on the system power angle, voltage or frequency.
  • Steady trend analysis The stability analysis of the grid before and after the grid dispatching operation is carried out separately. By comparing the stability analysis conclusions before and after the operation, the steady trend of the grid before and after the operation is obtained.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法，包括步骤有：（1）统计数据；（2）进行潮流及稳定校核的计算；（3）进行电网调度操作的扰动评估；（4）进行操作前后稳定趋势分析；（5）给出操作票安全校核结论并显示。本发明实现对电网调度操作票的全面的安全稳定分析，评估调度操作扰动对电网安全的影响，并分析操作前后电网安全稳定水平的变化趋势，为调度操作人员提供操作票安全稳定分析的技术支撑，进而提高电网的安全稳定水平。

Description

一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法 技术领域
本发明属于电力系统调度运行与计算分析领域，具体涉及一种基于扰动评估 和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法。 背景技术
电网调度操作票是保障电网安全运行的重要管理制度，电网调度操作票是在 考虑系统运行方式、保护配合、安全操作规则等要求下， 保证设备运行方式的正 确改变而制定的严格操作步骤。现有的操作票生成系统在操作安全性方面往往较 少考虑， 其最主要原因是现有操作票系统没有和实时运行的电网监控系统相连 接， 大多是离线运行的， 没有结合电网实际运行状态进行安全性校核。
目前的电网操作票系统对于出票的正确性、 安全性检验还主要依靠主观经 验， 大部分要靠专家系统预设的逻辑判断和出票后调度员的直观分析来判断， 不 能做到通过计算分析来进行科学的操作票安全性校核。 同时， 随着电网结构的日 益复杂和电力市场的逐步实施， 不同时间的系统运行状态有很大的差异， 在不同 时间操作同样的设备可能存在不同的影响， 甚至有可能出现潮流、 电压越限。 因 此，如何快速准确地针对自动推理形成的操作步骤进行潮流计算以分析操作后系 统的安全稳定性成为保证正确进行电网操作的关键。由于电网的状态是实时变化 的， 只有基于实时数据对操作票进行检验， 才可最大程度地保证操作票的安全性 和正确性。
保障安全、 经济、 高效、 可持续的电力供应， 是电网调度运行始终追求的目 标， 安全校核是保障大电网安全稳定经济运行的关键技术之一， 是保障电网的一 道重要的安全防线，在电网调度运行中发挥着越来越重要的技术支撑作用。随着 电网大规模互联的快速发展，在电压等级最高、输送容量最大、技术水平最先进、 运行特性最复杂的交直流混联大电网中，迫切需要研究电网调度操作票安全校核 的方法。 其中需要解决的关键问题有：
电网调度操作潮流分析： 电网调度操作票的执行会引起电网潮流的变化， 并 可能产生新的安全问题，所以电网调度操作执行前必须进行电网潮流的计算。 电 网调度操作潮流计算基于电网模型、 实时运行方式、 电网操作票、发电计划和负 荷预测，进行智能整合并进行潮流计算， 得到电网调度操作执行前后电网的潮流 信息。
电网调度操作扰动分析： 电网调度操作票执行过程会给电网带来扰动冲击， 造成功角、 电压或频率的波动。 为了分析评估电网操作票对电网的冲击效应， 需 要将电网调度操作转换为网络扰动和节点扰动， 然后进行时域机电暂态仿真分 析， 关注电网操作设备附近功角、 电压和频率的波动， 评估电网操作对系统的影 响。
电网调度操作稳定趋势分析： 电网调度操作的执行会引起电网潮流的变化， 进而引起电网稳定特性的变化。为了分析调度操作对系统稳定的影响， 需要分别 对电网操作票执行前后的系统进行稳定分析，然后将操作前后的稳定分析结果进 行对比， 实现电网调度操作稳定趋势分析。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安 全校核方法， 实现对电网调度操作票的全面的安全稳定分析， 评估调度操作扰动 对电网安全的影响， 并分析操作前后电网安全稳定水平的变化趋势， 为调度操作 人员提供操作票安全稳定分析的技术支撑， 进而提高电网的安全稳定水平。
本发明提供的一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法， 其改 进之处在于， 所述方法包括如下步骤：
( 1 ) 统计数据；
(2) 进行潮流及稳定校核的计算；
( 3 ) 进行电网调度操作的扰动评估；
(4) 进行操作前后稳定趋势分析；
( 5 ) 给出操作票安全校核结论并显示。
其中， 步骤 （1 ) 统计的数据包括操作票信息数据， 电网模型数据、 电网实 时运行方式数据、 对应时刻的调度计划数据和负荷预测数据。
其中， 步骤 （2) 中， 根据操作票的执行时间， 在校核时刻的最新电网实时 数据的基础上， 叠加对应时刻的调度计划和负荷预测数据， 结合调度操作引起的 电网拓扑或节点功率变化， 分别进行操作前、 操作后的系统潮流计算。
其中， 步骤 （2) 中， 进行稳定校核的计算时， 根据得到的系统潮流， 然后 进行稳定分析， 包括静态安全分析、 静态稳定分析、 暂态稳定分析、 动态稳定分 析和稳定裕度评估。
其中， 步骤 （3) 中， 根据步骤（2)形成的操作前潮流数据， 在时域仿真计 算中添加节点扰动和网络扰动， 模拟对应的电网调度操作， 进行暂态稳定分析， 监视附近电网功角、电压和频率的变化，评估操作扰动的暂态稳定性及阻尼特性， 进行电网调度操作的扰动评估。
其中， 采用暂态稳定分析方法， 将所述电网调度操作转化为扰动信息， 进行 时域仿真分析， 监视操作设备附近电网的功角、 电压和频率变化曲线， 评估操作 扰动的暂态稳定特性和阻尼特性。
其中， 步骤（4) 中， 根据步骤（2)形成的操作前后潮流数据和对应的稳定 裕度评估结果，对比操作前后稳定分析结果的变化， 包括静态安全分析越限结果 的变化、 暂态稳定特性结果的变化、动态稳定阻尼比结果的变化、静态稳定储备 系数结果的变化和电网输电断面稳定裕度结果的变化，评估各种稳定特性的变化 趋势， 分为稳定性恶化、稳定性不变和稳定性的变化趋势， 实现操作前后稳定趋 势分析。
其中， 步骤（5) 中， 根据 3)和 4) 的计算结果得出针对电网操作票的安全 分析结论， 如果执行该操作扰动会引起暂态失稳或静态安全越限等电网稳定问 题， 则建议该操作不执行， 同时给出稳定趋势分析的结论， 使电网调度操作人员 掌握操作票执行前后电网安全稳定水平的变化情况。
与现有技术比， 本发明的有益效果为：
1 ) 本发明综合使用电网调度操作票、 电网实时运行方式数据、 调度计划数 据、 负荷预测等数据， 进行交流潮流计算。 这种电网调度操作票潮流计算方法易 于实现， 而且能得到反映调度操作执行前后实际情况的电网潮流。
2) 本发明的操作扰动评估将电网调度操作转换为暂态稳定分析的扰动， 通 过时域仿真得到操作扰动的暂态稳定分析结论和扰动曲线。这种操作扰动评估方 法易于实现， 而且能考虑电网操作引起的暂态响应。
3) 本发明电网操作稳定趋势分析分别对操作前后的电网进行全面的稳定分 析，然后对比电网稳定特性的变化， 能够直观展示调度操作对电网安全稳定的影 响。
4) 本发明采用并行计算技术提高电网操作票安全校核的计算效率， 计算速 度相比单机计算提高百倍以上。
5) 本发明提出了一种对电网调度操作票的全面的安全校核的方法， 为提高 电网安全稳定运行水平提供技术支撑。
附图说明
图 1为本发明提供的校核方法的整体示意图。
图 2为本发明提供的操作扰动评估的结果示意图。
图 3为本发明提供的静态安全分析的趋势变化示意图。
图 4为本发明提供的稳定裕度评估的趋势变化示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
本实施例提出的一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法，其整 体过程的示意图如图 1所示， 通过计算机实现如下步骤：
1 ) 操作票安全校核数据统计；
要对电网操作票进行安全校核， 不仅需要操作票信息， 还需要电网模型、 电 网实时运行方式数据、调度计划数据和负荷预测数据。操作票安全校核数据组织 实现所需各种数据的准备， 为进行后续的潮流分析和稳定计算提供数据基础。
首先从调度操作票提取对电网拓扑有影响的信息， 形成如下格式的操作票信 息：
# time ' 20110531—10 : 30 : 00' 断面类型 1
@ type id name point
@类型 标志 中文名称 操作方向
# breaker 114560315521240432 四川.叙府 /500kV. 5023开关 0
# breaker 114560315521240438 四川.叙府 /500kV. 5022开关 0
# breaker 114560315521241725 四川.洪沟 /500kV. 5042开关 0
# breaker 114560315521241724 四川.洪沟 /500kV. 5041开关 0
然后获取电网最新的实时运行方式数据， 包括线路、 变压器等支路的状态和 暴 ig fx^ Z fx ^ zz fxM^ iz fx ^ oz fx ^ 61 fx ^ 8ΐ fx^ Li fx ^ 91 tfxM^ si fx^ u fx ^ ετ fx^ zi fxM^ ii tfxM^ θΐΓΓί* 6 暴 8 暴 i^M^ 9 暴 3 暴 f^M^ είί* z fxM^ itfxM^ ·&* II
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根据电网操作票的执行时间， 获取对应时刻的调度计划数据和负荷预测数 据。
2) 潮流及稳定校核计算；
根据电网模型、 实时运行方式、 电网操作票、 发电计划和负荷预测数据， 首 先进行潮流分析，得到电网调度操作前后的系统潮流。潮流计算是根据给定的电 网结构、参数和发电机、 负荷等元件的运行条件， 确定电力系统各部分稳态运行 状态参数的计算。 电网操作票潮流分析根据电网实时运行方式数据、 检修计划、 操作票信息确定电网拓扑结构，根据电网实时运行方式数据和发电计划及母线负 荷预测确定节点功率注入。
然后进行全面的稳定分析， 包括静态安全分析、 静态稳定分析、 暂态稳定分 析、 动态稳定分析和稳定裕度评估。
静态安全分析基于电网操作票潮流， 针对 N-1故障的故障集校核其他元件是 否出现越限。 根据 N-1原则对全网主设备 （包括线路、 主变、 机组、 母线）进行 逐个开断， 并判断其他元件是否出现越限。给出导致重载、越限的故障及相应的 重载、 越限设备， 并给出故障严重程度指标。
静态稳定分析针对指定的输电断面， 根据指定的开机顺序， 计算电力系统在 受到小扰动后， 不发生非周期振荡， 自动恢复到起始运行状态的能力。通过静态 稳定分析可以获得电网静态稳定性，计算指定输电断面的静态稳定功率极限并判 断静稳储备等裕度指标是否符合安全稳定导则的要求。
暂态稳定分析根据暂态稳定预想故障集， 对电网进行详细的时域仿真计算， 依照预置的判稳原则， 分别计算电力系统受到大干扰后， 各同步发电机保持同步 运行并过渡到稳态运行方式的能力，并给出安全分析结果（包括暂态功角稳定性、 暂态电压稳定性和暂态频率稳定性） 及排序。
动态稳定分析采用特征值分析法， 分析其受到小扰动后， 在自动调节和控制 装置的作用下保持运行稳定的能力，判断操作票潮流的动态稳定性。动态稳定分 析计算全网振荡模式和阻尼比， 并从中筛选出最关键的若干主导振荡模式， 得出 系统小扰动的动态稳定性结论。
采用并行计算技术进行操作票安全校核计算， 包括操作前、 操作后校核计算 并行， 静态安全分析、暂态稳定计算等不同稳定计算的并行， 各种稳定分析多故 障集的并行， 通过并行校核计算， 充分发挥计算机群的计算性能， 大大提高计算 效率。
3 ) 操作扰动评估
根据操作前潮流数据， 采用暂态稳定分析方法， 在时域仿真计算中添加节点 扰动和网络扰动， 模拟对应的电网调度操作。输出附近电网的功角、 电压和频率 的变化曲线， 根据暂态稳定分析结果评估操作扰动的暂态稳定性及阻尼特性。
暂态稳定分析结论包括： 扰动描述、 扰动元件、 稳定情况、 最大功角时刻、 阻尼比、 最大功角发电机的名称、 最小功角发电机的名称、 最大功角差、 最低电 压母线名称、 最低电压、 最低频率发电机的名称、 最低频率、 最高频率发电机的 名称和最高频率。监视曲线包括最大功角曲线、最低电压曲线、最低频率曲线和 自定义的关心曲线（包括指定发电机组的功角曲线， 指定母线的电压曲线和指定 线路的有功功率曲线）。
图 2为四川省进行操作扰动评估的结果， 包括操作扰动暂态稳定性分析结论 和监视曲线。 图中， 故障名称为操作扰动 czpl l l220— 002， 自定义曲线中， 曲线 a表示发电机功角 （国调， 三峡左岸厂 . n—四川.二滩厂 . 20. 17366 ) ，曲线 b表示 (国调， 三峡左岸厂 . n—四川.二滩厂 . 20. 17367)。从图中可看出， 操作给电网带 来了扰动冲击，操作设备附近的发电机攻角发生了波动， 该扰动的暂态稳定分析 结论是不发生暂态失稳， 发电机攻角曲线波动逐渐平息。 4) 操作前后稳定趋势分析
根据操作前后潮流数据和对应的稳定评估结果， 对比操作前后稳定分析结果 的变化， 包括静态安全分析越限结果的变化、暂态稳定特性结果的变化、 动态稳 定阻尼比结果的变化、静态稳定储备系数结果的变化和电网输电断面稳定裕度结 果的变化。
图 3为静态安全分析的趋势变化， 图中左右侧的柱状图分别为操作前后的静 态安全分析越限设备数目， a、 c为越限设备数目、 b、 d为重载设备数目， 可以 看出操作前后电网静态越限设备数目减少。
图 4为稳定裕度评估的趋势变化， 图中 a曲线为指定输电断面的稳定裕度曲 线， b曲线为指定输电断面的潮流曲线， 可以看出操作前后该输电断面的稳定裕 度降低。
评估各种稳定特性的变化趋势， 分为稳定性恶化、 稳定性不变、 稳定性好转 三种变化趋势。
( 5 ) 根据步骤 3 ) 和步骤 4) 的分析结果得出对该操作票安全校核的结论： 该操作扰动不会引起电网失稳，操作前后电网的静态安全越限数目减少， 电网某 输电断面稳定裕度下降； 该操作可以执行， 但需要注意操作后部分输电断面稳定 裕度下降的情况。
本申请中所涉及的专业数据及縮略语如下：
电网调度操作票： 电网调度操作票是在考虑系统运行方式、保护配合、 安全 操作规则等要求下， 保证设备运行方式的正确改变而制定的严格操作步骤。。
安全校核： 安全校核为电网调度操作提供技术支撑， 运用静态安全、 暂态稳 定等多种安全稳定分析手段， 对电网调度操作票进行灵活、 全面的安全校核。
扰动评估： 将电网调度操作转化为暂态稳定分析的扰动， 进行仿真计算分析 电网操作过程对系统功角、 电压或频率的影响。
稳定趋势分析： 分别对电网调度操作前后的电网进行稳定分析， 通过对比操 作前后的稳定分析结论， 得到操作前后电网的稳定趋势变化。
最后应当说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管 参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解: 依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换,而未脱离本发明精神 和范围的任何修改或者等同替换， 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种基于扰动评估和趋势分析的操作票安全校核方法， 其特征在于， 所 述方法包括如下步骤：
( 1 ) 统计数据；
(2) 进行潮流及稳定校核的计算；
(3) 进行电网调度操作的扰动评估；
(4) 进行操作前后稳定趋势分析；
(5) 给出操作票安全校核结论并显示。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的校核方法， 其特征在于， 步骤（1 )统计的数据包括 操作票信息数据， 电网模型数据、 电网实时运行方式数据、对应时刻的调度计划 数据和负荷预测数据。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的校核方法， 其特征在于， 步骤（2) 中， 根据操作票 的执行时间，在校核时刻的最新电网实时数据的基础上， 叠加对应时刻的调度计 划和负荷预测数据， 结合调度操作引起的电网拓扑或节点功率变化， 分别进行操 作前、 操作后的系统潮流计算。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的校核方法， 其特征在于， 步骤（2) 中， 进行稳定校 核的计算时， 根据得到的系统潮流， 然后进行稳定分析， 包括静态安全分析、 静 态稳定分析、 暂态稳定分析、 动态稳定分析和稳定裕度评估。
5、如权利要求 1所述的校核方法，其特征在于， 步骤（3)中，根据步骤（2) 形成的操作前潮流数据，在时域仿真计算中添加节点扰动和网络扰动， 模拟对应 的电网调度操作， 进行暂态稳定分析， 监视附近电网功角、 电压和频率的变化， 评估操作扰动的暂态稳定性及阻尼特性， 进行电网调度操作的扰动评估。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的校核方法， 其特征在于， 采用暂态稳定分析方法， 将所述电网调度操作转化为扰动信息，进行时域仿真分析， 监视操作设备附近电 网的功角、 电压和频率变化曲线， 评估操作扰动的暂态稳定特性和阻尼特性。
7、如权利要求 1所述的校核方法，其特征在于， 步骤（4)中，根据步骤（2) 形成的操作前后潮流数据和对应的稳定裕度评估结果，对比操作前后稳定分析结 果的变化， 包括静态安全分析越限结果的变化、暂态稳定特性结果的变化、 动态 稳定阻尼比结果的变化、静态稳定储备系数结果的变化和电网输电断面稳定裕度 结果的变化， 评估各种稳定特性的变化趋势， 分为稳定性恶化、稳定性不变和稳 定性的变化趋势， 实现操作前后稳定趋势分析。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的校核方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （5) 中， 根据 3) 和 4) 的计算结果得出针对电网操作票的安全分析结论， 如果执行该操作扰动会引 起暂态失稳或静态安全越限等电网稳定问题， 则建议该操作不执行， 同时给出稳 定趋势分析的结论，使电网调度操作人员掌握操作票执行前后电网安全稳定水平 的变化情况。
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