WO2014179976A1 - 一维全场彩虹测量装置及测量方法 - Google Patents

一维全场彩虹测量装置及测量方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014179976A1
WO2014179976A1 PCT/CN2013/075434 CN2013075434W WO2014179976A1 WO 2014179976 A1 WO2014179976 A1 WO 2014179976A1 CN 2013075434 W CN2013075434 W CN 2013075434W WO 2014179976 A1 WO2014179976 A1 WO 2014179976A1
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Prior art keywords
rainbow
field
laser
signal
spray
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴学成
岑可法
王智化
高翔
陈玲红
邱坤赞
吴迎春
姜淏予
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Priority to CN201380003099.4A priority Critical patent/CN103842797B/zh
Priority to AU2013327811A priority patent/AU2013327811B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/075434 priority patent/WO2014179976A1/zh
Priority to US14/356,723 priority patent/US9217669B2/en
Publication of WO2014179976A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014179976A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J3/14—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using refracting elements, e.g. prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • G01N15/0211—Investigating a scatter or diffraction pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/04—Slit arrangements slit adjustment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N2015/0277—Average size only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4788—Diffraction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of gas-liquid two-phase flow measurement, in particular to a full-field rainbow measuring device and method capable of one-dimensional measurement of particle size, refractive index and temperature of a spray droplet. Background technique
  • Spray is a gas-liquid two-phase flow phenomenon widely existing in the energy and environmental fields, such as liquid fuel atomized evaporative combustion, gas-liquid mixing and absorption in desulfurization and denitrification spray equipment.
  • a variety of techniques for measuring spray fields are available in the art.
  • the traditional contact measurement methods include: immersion method, tracking method, sedimentation method, freezing method, solvating method and instantaneous sampling method.
  • the above method will cause damage to the original flow field, causing errors and application limitations. Not suitable for current measurement needs.
  • Many laser measurement technologies have broken through the above limitations, and have the advantages of not disturbing the original flow field, high precision, real-time fast, large amount of information, and quantitative calculation.
  • common methods for measuring the droplet size of spray droplets are: Malvern particle size analyzer, laser Mie scattering technique, laser induced fluorescence method, laser holography technology, laser microphotography technology, laser interference imaging particle size measurement Technology (ILIDS), Phase Doppler Technology (PDPA or PDA);
  • Common methods for measuring the refractive index of spray droplets are: V-shaped prism method, grazing incidence method (Abbe refractometer), interference fringe (Newton's ring) method
  • the measurement methods for measuring the temperature of spray droplets are mainly fluorescence method and rainbow scattering method. The latter can also measure the droplet size or particle size distribution at the same time. It is divided into standard rainbow method and full field rainbow method.
  • common methods for measuring spray field concentration are: false color method, shadow method, tomography (CT); common methods for measuring spray field velocity are: laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV or LDA), light dispersion Speckle velocity measurement (LSV), phase Doppler (PDPA or PDA), particle image velocimetry (PIV).
  • LDV laser Doppler velocimetry
  • LSV light dispersion Speckle velocity measurement
  • PDPA phase Doppler
  • PDA particle image velocimetry
  • GRT full-field rainbow measurement technology
  • the whole field rainbow measurement technology has the unique advantage of measuring the particle size and refractive index in the spray flow field measurement, and then inverting the parameters such as the droplet temperature
  • Van Beeck et al. of the University of Brussels used rainbow techniques to measure liquid-liquid suspensions, two-phase jets, droplet evaporation and diffusion.
  • the French G. Grehan team conducted extensive research on the full-field rainbow technology to measure droplet refractive index and refractive index gradient, temperature and particle size distribution, and apply it to complex and harsh field environments.
  • S. Bakic et al., Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany applied full-field rainbow technology to component measurements during the evaporation of two-component droplets.
  • the US S. Sankar research team used rainbow temperature measurement technology to study the heating and evaporation characteristics of fuel droplets, and combined the rainbow technology with PDA to measure the combustion particles.
  • French V. Bodoc et al. studied the evaporation of two-component droplets in a turbulent environment in a channel using rainbow technology.
  • Wu Xuecheng and Wu Yingchun from Zhejiang University conducted a simulation and experimental study on the particle size, concentration, temperature, and the composition of the complex double spray and the volume ratio of each component using the full-field rainbow technique.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the existing full-field rainbow measurement technique limited to single-point measurement, and to provide a full-field rainbow measuring device and measurement capable of one-dimensional measurement of particle size, refractive index and temperature of spray droplet particles.
  • the method can analyze the gas-liquid two-phase flow field of the injection process, realize on-line measurement of fuel atomization, spray and other processes, and has the ability of one-dimensional, real-time, non-contact measurement of droplets of refractive index, particle size, temperature and other parameters. .
  • a one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device comprising: a laser emitting unit, a signal collecting unit, and a signal processing unit;
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser is modulated into a sheet source for The spray field droplets are illuminated to produce a rainbow signal.
  • the signal acquisition unit is configured to separately image the rainbow signals of the different height measurement points through the optical system unit on different rows of pixels of the CCD signal collector;
  • a signal processing unit configured to convert the received rainbow signal, and obtain the measured value by computer processing in the form of data.
  • the invention provides a polarized plate light source by a laser emitting unit, and irradiates the measurement area of the spray field to generate a rainbow signal by the spray droplets. After the rainbow signal passes through the optical system unit, the rainbow signals of different height measurement points are separately imaged in the CCD signal. The different rows of pixels of the collector, so that the rainbow signal of the one-dimensional line region is obtained at one time.
  • the acquired one-dimensional rainbow signal through the traditional single-point GRT inversion algorithm, can obtain the particle size distribution and refractive index distribution of the spray droplets at each point on the one-dimensional line; and the physical properties such as temperature and composition (component)
  • the parameters have a specific change rule with the refractive index, and the key parameters such as the temperature distribution and composition distribution of the spray field can be inverted according to the obtained refractive index distribution.
  • the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art GRT limited to single point measurement, realizes the one-dimensional measurement of the complex spray field by the full field rainbow measurement system, has the characteristics of simple structure, suitable for industrial online application, etc.; it can on one-dimensional line
  • the rainbow signal of the spray droplets at different heights is measured at one time to obtain the particle size and the refractive index distribution, so that the particle size and temperature of the spray droplets can be quickly obtained in real time, and the one-dimensional spray droplets are continuously collected.
  • the particle data also gives the parameter distribution of the two-dimensional stable spray field.
  • the laser emitting unit consists of three parts:
  • a semiconductor laser for generating an intensity-adjustable laser beam
  • a modulation element a sheet source for modulating the outgoing laser beam into a polarization
  • a gantry system for adjusting an incident position and an incident angle of the laser light source such that a rainbow signal direction generated by the spray droplets coincides with a main optical axis of the optical system unit;
  • the semiconductor laser is a light intensity tunable laser of 40 mW to 600 mW, and the laser is fixed on the rotary stage.
  • the repeating positioning accuracy of the rotary stage is less than 0.005, and the resolution is 0. 00125 °.
  • the modulating element comprises a polarizer, a beam expander and a cylindrical lens
  • the semiconductor laser, beam expander and cylindrical lens are mounted on the gantry system.
  • the laser beam emitted by the semiconductor laser passes through the polarizing plate so that only the linearly polarized wave (TM wave) whose magnetic vector is perpendicular to the incident surface passes through the beam expander, and is then modulated by a cylindrical lens into a sheet light source for irradiating the spray field. Measuring area.
  • TM wave linearly polarized wave
  • the signal acquisition unit comprises a field lens, a horizontal line diaphragm, a vertical line diaphragm, an imaging lens and a CCD signal collector, and a horizontal line diaphragm is arranged on the rear side of the field lens, and the light reflected from the spray field is sequentially passed through
  • the field lens, the horizontal line diaphragm, the vertical line diaphragm and the imaging lens enter the CCD signal collector.
  • a field lens with a horizontal aperture, a vertical line diaphragm and an imaging lens form a Fourier optical imaging system for a one-dimensional full-field rainbow measurement system.
  • Rainbow signals of different height droplets are collected by a field lens, a field lens
  • the horizontal side of the back side is provided with a horizontal line stop for the rainbow signal passing through the horizontal centerline of the lens to pass, so that the rainbow signals of different height measurement points have different incident angles, and thus Fourier imaging can be utilized.
  • the principle separates the rainbow signals, and images the rainbow signals of different height measurement points on different rows of pixels of the CCD signal collector; and places a vertical line diaphragm at the image plane corresponding to the field lens in the measurement area, which can be used for control The size of the measurement area.
  • the horizontal line pupil of the front side of the field of view lens has a line width of 0.5 mm to 5 mm; the vertical line diaphragm has a zero aperture variable aperture, and the maximum aperture width is 25 mm.
  • the field lens and the imaging lens have a diameter of 80 mm to 120 mm and a focal length of 100 mm to 250 mm.
  • the CCD signal of the CCD signal collector is a linear CCD with a pixel range of 1M to 16M, a maximum frequency of 30 Hz, a detection range of the rainbow angle of 10 ° to 20 °, and a minimum resolution angle of 0.002 °.
  • a height adjuster is provided on the CCD signal collector.
  • the height adjuster is used to adjust the height of the photosurface of the detector receiving area.
  • a filter is provided in front of the CCD signal collector.
  • the filter is used to reduce the background light power received on the CCD signal collector, thereby reducing the scattering of peripheral light and the noise caused by background radiation.
  • the bandwidth of the filter should be as narrow as possible. , so that the detector is in good working condition.
  • a method for measuring a one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device includes the following steps: a. using a laser to calibrate the height and scattering angle of the rainbow signal of the optical path; b. opening the nozzle device to adjust the spray field to a steady state;
  • the imaging lens refracts the scattering patterns of different angles behind the field lens to the CCD chip.
  • the light of different exit angles corresponds to different rows on the pixel surface of the CCD signal collector, and the pixels of each row record different height points.
  • the intensity of the spray droplets at different scattering angles are different scattering angles.
  • the scattering angle calibration method is:
  • the scattering angle of the calibration point is obtained, and the relationship between the pixel of the CCD signal collector and the scattering angle is obtained.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that it overcomes the defects of the prior art GRT limited to single point measurement, realizes one-dimensional measurement of the complex spray field by the full field rainbow measurement system, has the characteristics of simple structure and suitable for industrial online application; It can measure the rainbow signal of different height spray droplets on the one-dimensional line at one time, and obtain the particle size and refractive index distribution, so as to obtain the parameters such as the particle size and temperature of the spray droplets in real time, and collect them continuously.
  • the data of one-dimensional spray droplets can obtain the parameter distribution of two-dimensional stable spray field, which is beneficial to the monitoring and analysis of actual industry, providing data guidance for combustion and pollutant control strategies and design schemes, achieving the purpose of saving raw materials and reducing emissions. .
  • a properly designed spray device can be used to measure the dynamics of the spray field under complex environmental conditions such as heating or cooling.
  • the multi-component mixed complex spray field is measured, and the obtained mixed rainbow map can be used to invert the volume fraction of each component in the measurement area.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic overall structural view of Embodiment 1 of a one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the optical path structure of an optical system unit of Embodiment 1 of the one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device of the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic overall structural view of Embodiment 2 of the one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the optical path structure of an optical system unit of Embodiment 2 of the one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic enlarged view showing the interference image of the spray field and the spray droplet rainbow signal in the present invention.
  • a one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device includes a laser emitting unit, a signal collecting unit, and a signal processing unit:
  • a laser emitting unit the laser beam emitted by the laser is modulated into a sheet source for illuminating the spray field droplets to generate a rainbow signal.
  • the laser emitting unit consists of three parts:
  • the semiconductor laser 1 is used to generate a laser beam with an adjustable intensity; the semiconductor laser of the present embodiment is a 500 mW tunable laser, the laser is fixed on the rotating stage, and the repeating positioning accuracy of the rotating stage is less than 0.005, The resolution is 0. 00125 ° .
  • a modulating element for modulating the outgoing laser beam into a polarized plate source, the modulating element comprising a polarizing plate 2, a beam expander 3 and a cylindrical lens 4;
  • a gantry system for adjusting an incident position and an incident angle of the laser light source such that the direction of the rainbow signal 14 (see FIG. 5) generated by the spray droplets 12 coincides with the main optical axis of the optical system unit in the signal acquisition unit;
  • the beam expander and cylindrical lens are mounted on the gantry system.
  • the signal acquisition unit includes a field lens 5, a horizontal line aperture 6, and a vertical Line aperture 7, imaging lens 8 and CCD signal collector, the horizontal side of the field lens is provided with a horizontal line diaphragm, and the light reflected from the spray field 11 passes through the field lens, horizontal line pupil, vertical line diaphragm and imaging.
  • the field lens and the imaging lens have a diameter of 100 mm and a focal length of 150 mm ; the horizontal line of the front side of the field lens is 3 inches wide, and the vertical line aperture is zero aperture variable aperture.
  • the maximum hole width is 25 ⁇ ; the CCD chip of the CCD signal collector is a linear CCD, the pixel range is 1M to 16M, the highest frequency is 30Hz, the detection rainbow angle accessory range is 10 ° to 20 °, and the minimum resolution angle is 0. 002 °, a height adjuster is provided on the CCD signal collector.
  • a signal processing unit configured to convert the received rainbow signal, and obtain the measured value by computer processing in the form of data.
  • the measuring method of the one-dimensional full-field rainbow measuring device is characterized in that the following steps are included: a. Using the laser to calibrate the optical path height and the scattering angle of the optical path, the calibration method of this embodiment is:
  • the scattering angle of the calibration point is obtained, and then the relationship between the pixel of the CCD signal collector and the scattering angle is obtained.
  • the height of the mirror and the laser are adjusted synchronously, the variation of the height is measured, and the above measurement process is repeated to obtain a one-dimensional line of the spray field.
  • the imaging lens refracts the scattering patterns of different angles behind the field lens to the CCD chip.
  • the light of different exit angles corresponds to different rows on the pixel surface of the CCD signal collector, and the pixels of each row record different height points.
  • the intensity of the spray droplets at different scattering angles are different scattering angles.
  • the receiving processing unit is configured to convert the received rainbow signal and obtain the measured value by computer processing in the form of data.
  • the refractive index distribution of the spray droplets in the one-dimensional measuring line region can be obtained;
  • the physical parameters such as temperature and composition (component) have specific changes with the refractive index.
  • key parameters such as temperature distribution and composition distribution of the spray field can be inverted.
  • the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art GRT limited to single point measurement, realizes the one-dimensional measurement of the complex spray field by the full field rainbow measurement system, has the characteristics of simple structure, suitable for industrial online application, etc.; it can on one-dimensional line
  • the rainbow signal of the spray droplets at different heights is measured at one time to obtain the particle size and the refractive index distribution, so that the parameters such as the particle size and temperature of the spray droplet particles can be quickly obtained in real time, and the one-dimensional measurement line is continuously collected.
  • the data of the spray droplets can also obtain the parameter distribution of the two-dimensional stable spray field.
  • a properly designed spray device can be used to measure the dynamics of the spray field under complex environmental conditions such as heating or cooling.
  • the multi-component mixed complex spray field is measured, and the obtained mixed rainbow map can be used to invert the body of each component in the measurement area. The number of points.
  • the CCD signal collector of Embodiment 2 is provided with a filter 9 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and the semiconductor laser is a 50 mW light intensity tunable laser, and the rest is the same as that of Embodiment 1.
  • the power of the semiconductor laser may be selected between 40 mW and 600 mW, and the horizontal line pupil line width of the front side of the field lens may be selected between 0.5 mm and 5 mm; the field lens and the imaging lens diameter may be Choose between 80mm and 120mm, and the focal length can be selected from 100mm to 250mm.

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Abstract

一种一维全场彩虹测量装置包括激光发射单元、信号采集单元和信号处理单元三部分。激光发射单元用于将激光器（1）发射的激光束调制成片光源，照射喷雾场（11）液滴（12），产生彩虹信号（14）。信号采集单元用于将不同高度测量点的彩虹信号（14）通过光学系统单元分开成像在CCD信号采集器（10）的不同行像素上。信号处理单元用于转化接收到的彩虹信号（14），以数据的形式经计算机处理后得到测量值。还提供了一种一维全场彩虹测量方法。该一维全场彩虹测量装置及测量方法可以分析喷射过程的气液两相流场，实现燃料雾化、喷淋等过程的在线测量，具有实时、非接触测量喷雾液滴粒的折射率、粒径、温度等参数的能力。

Description

一维全场彩虹测量装置及测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及气液两相流测量领域，具体涉及一种可以对喷雾液滴 粒的粒径、折射率、温度等多参数分布进行一维测量的全场彩虹测量 装置及方法。 背景技术
喷雾是目前能源环境领域广泛存在的气液两相流现象，如液体燃 料雾化蒸发燃烧、脱硫脱硝喷淋设备中气液混合和吸收等。在本领域 中已有多种用于测量喷雾场的技术。传统的接触式测量方法有： 浸液 法、 跟踪法、 沉降法、 冻结法、 溶腊法和瞬时取样法等， 上述方法会 对的原流场产生破坏， 造成误差和应用局限性较大， 不适应目前的测 量需求。而目很多激光测量技术则突破了上述限制， 具有不干扰原有 流场、 精度高、 实时快速、 信息量大、 可进行定量计算等优点。
按照激光技术的测量类别， 测量喷雾液滴粒径的常见方法有： 马 尔文粒度分析仪、 激光 Mie散射技术、激光诱导荧光法、激光全息技 术、 激光显微摄影技术、 激光干涉成像粒径测量技术（ILIDS)、 相位 多普勒技术 (PDPA或 PDA) ； 测量喷雾液滴折射率的常见方法有： V 形棱镜法、 掠入射法 （阿贝折射仪）、 干涉条紋 （牛顿环） 法； 测量 喷雾液滴粒温度的测量方法主要有荧光法和彩虹散射法，后者还可以 同时测量液滴粒径或粒径分布，分为标准彩虹法和全场彩虹法两种形 式； 此外测量喷雾场浓度常见的方法有： 假彩色法、 阴影法、 层析成 像技术 （CT); 测量喷雾场速度常见的方法有： 激光多普勒测速技术 ( LDV或 LDA )、光散斑测速技术（ LSV )、相位多普勒技术（PDPA或 PDA)、 粒子图像测速技术 （PIV)。
全场彩虹测量技术 (GRT)的原理是光线照射到球形粒子上， 部分 光射入球内经球内表面一次反射后出射 （称为一阶彩虹）， 部分光被 球外表面反射。反射光与一次内反射的出射光之间相互干涉， 形成一 系列的光强振荡的波紋。由于彩虹信号中存在多种明显的不同频率的 振荡， 需要滤去高频震荡结构形成光滑的彩虹信号。通过记录延长曝 光时间和扩大通光孔径，记录成千上万颗具有一定粒径分布的液滴的 彩虹， 由于多个颗粒的散射光相互叠加， 附加在单个颗粒一阶彩虹上 的高频紋波信号被消除， 可以平滑彩虹信号， 进而反演喷雾液粒的平 均折射率、 粒径分布、 平均温度等参数。
由于全场彩虹测量技术在喷雾流场测量上具有同时测量粒径和 折射率的独特优势， 进而反演液滴温度等参数， 全场彩虹测量技术及 相关应用引起了各国研究者的兴趣。 布鲁塞尔大学的 van Beeck 等 用彩虹技术对液 -液悬浮液、两相射流、液滴蒸发与扩散进行了测量。 法国 G. Grehan 课题组对全场彩虹技术进行了大量研究，用来测量液 滴折射率及折射率梯度、温度及粒径分布， 并将其应用到复杂恶劣的 现场环境中测量。 德国达姆施塔特工业大学 S. Bakic等人将全场彩 虹技术应用到双组分液滴的蒸发过程中的组分测量。德国斯图加特大 学 J. Wilms 等人用彩虹技术测量单个双组分液滴蒸发过程中的组分 变化。 美国 S. Sankar 研究小组用彩虹测温技术对燃料液滴加热蒸 发特性进行了研究， 并将彩虹技术与 PDA联合使用， 对燃烧颗粒进行 了测量。德国不来梅大学 H. Lohner等研究了用彩虹技术测量液- 液 悬浮液中液滴的非球形度。 法国 V. Bodoc 等用彩虹技术研究了通道 中湍流环境下双组分液滴的蒸发。浙江大学吴学成、吴迎春等对应用 全场彩虹技术测量喷雾液滴粒的粒径、浓度、温度及复杂双喷雾的组 分和各组分体积比进行了模拟与实验研究。
到目前为止， 全场彩虹测量技术还仅限于单点测量， 如能进一步 发展一维、 二维， 甚至三维全场彩虹测量技术， 可为非稳态复杂喷雾 流场的研究提供更好的测试工具，对于进一步深入研究喷雾机理具有 重要意义。 发明的公开
本发明的目的是克服现有全场彩虹测量技术仅限于单点测量的 缺陷， 提供一种可以对喷雾液滴粒的粒径、折射率和温度进行一维测 量的全场彩虹测量装置及测量方法，可以分析喷射过程的气液两相流 场， 实现燃料雾化、 喷淋等过程的在线测量， 具有一维、 实时、 非接 触测量喷雾液滴的折射率、 粒径、 温度等参数能力。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用的具体技术方案是：
一种一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征是， 包括激光发射单元， 信 号采集单元， 信号处理单元三部分；
a.激光发射单元， 由激光器发射的激光束经调制成片光源，用于 照射喷雾场液滴， 产生彩虹信号。
b.信号采集单元，用于将不同高度测量点的彩虹信号通过光学系 统单元分开成像在 CCD信号采集器的不同行像素上；
c.信号处理单元， 用于转化接收到的彩虹信号， 以数据的形式经 计算机处理后得到测量值。
本发明由激光发射单元提供偏振的片光源，照射到喷雾场的测量 区域，使喷雾液滴粒产生彩虹信号，该彩虹信号通过光学系统单元后， 不同高度测量点的彩虹信号分开成像在 CCD 信号采集器的不同行像 素上， 从而一次性得到一维线区域的彩虹信号。采集到的一维彩虹信 号， 通过传统的单点 GRT反演算法， 可以得出一维线上各点喷雾液滴 粒的粒径分布和折射率分布； 而温度、 组分（成分）等物理参数随折 射率有特定的变化规律，根据得到的折射率分布可以反演喷雾场的温 度分布、组分分布等关键参量。本发明克服了现有技术的 GRT仅限于 单点测量的缺陷， 实现了全场彩虹测量系统对复杂喷雾场的一维测 量， 具有结构简单、 适合工业在线应用等特点； 它能对一维线上不同 高度喷雾液滴粒的彩虹信号进行一次性测量， 得到粒径和折射率分 布， 从而实时快速的获得喷雾液滴粒的粒径和温度等参数， 通过连续 性地采集一维喷雾液滴粒的数据，还可以获得二维稳定喷雾场的参数 分布。
作为优选， 激光发射单元由三部分组成：
半导体激光器， 用于产生强度可调节的激光束；
调制元件， 用于将出射激光束调制成偏振的片光源； 台架系统， 用于调整激光片光源的入射位置及入射角度， 使喷雾 液滴粒产生的彩虹信号方向与所述光学系统单元的主光轴重合；
作为优选， 半导体激光器为 40mW至 600mW光强可调激光器， 激 光器固定在旋转位移台上， 所述的旋转位移台重复定位精度小于 0. 005， 分辨率为 0. 00125 ° 。
作为优选， 调制元件包括偏振片、扩束器及柱透镜， 半导体激光 器、扩束器及柱透镜安装在台架系统上。半导体激光器射出的激光束， 经偏振片使得只有磁矢量垂直于入射面的线偏振波 （TM 波） 通过， 经扩束器扩束后， 用柱透镜调制成片光源， 用于照射喷雾场的测量区 域。
作为优选， 信号采集单元包括视场透镜、 水平线光阑、 竖直线光 阑、 成像透镜及 CCD信号采集器， 视场透镜后侧设有水平线光阑， 从 喷雾场反射的光， 依次通过视场透镜、 水平线光阑、 竖直线光阑及成 像透镜后进入 CCD信号采集器。带水平光阑的视场透镜、竖直线光阑 及成像透镜， 组成一维全场彩虹测量系统的傅里叶光学成像系统， 不 同高度液滴的彩虹信号通过视场透镜收集，视场透镜后侧设有一个水 平线光阑，水平线线光阑用于使只有通过透镜水平中心线的彩虹信号 才能通过， 从而使得不同高度测量点的彩虹信号具有不同的入射角， 进而可以利用傅里叶成像原理将彩虹信号分开，将不同高度测量点的 彩虹信号成像在 CCD信号采集器的不同行像素上；在测量区域对应于 视场透镜的像平面处放置一个竖直线光阑，可以用于控制测量区域的 大小。 作为优选， 视场透镜前侧的水平线光阑线宽为 0. 5mm至 5mm; 竖 直线光阑为零孔径可变光阑， 最大孔宽为 25mm。
作为优选， 视场透镜及成像透镜直径为 80mm至 120mm， 焦距为 100mm至 250mm。
作为优选， CCD信号采集器的 CCD芯片为线性 CCD , 像素范围为 1M至 16M, 最高频率为 30Hz， 探测彩虹角附件范围为 10 ° 至 20 ° ， 最小分辨角为 0. 002 ° 。 根据测量对象和测量条件的不同， 可以选择 调整 CCD曝光时间和出射光角度及强度， 从而达到最好的测量效果。
作为优选， CCD信号采集器上设有高度调节器。 高度调节器用于 调节探测器接收部位光敏面的高度。
作为优选， CCD信号采集器前设有滤光片。 滤光片用于减少 CCD 信号采集器上接收到的背景光功率，从而减小周边光的散射和背景辐 射引起的噪声，在保证激光透过的条件下，滤光片的带宽应尽可能窄， 使得探测器处于良好的工作状态。
一种一维全场彩虹测量装置的测量方法， 包括以下步骤： a. 使用激光器对光路进行彩虹信号高度及散射角度的标定； b. 打开喷嘴装置， 调整喷雾场至稳定状态；
c.开启激光器，激光器发射的激光束经扩束器扩束后， 经过柱透 镜以垂直偏振的片光源的方式照射到喷雾场的测量区域上，不同高度 点喷雾液滴散射的彩虹信号， 通过带水平光阑的视场透镜后， 使得只 有过透镜水平中心线的彩虹信号才能通过，使不同高度的液滴的彩虹 信号具有不同的入射角度而分开； d.调整视场透镜与成像透镜之间的竖直线光阑的孔宽，控制视场 区域大小并滤除环境杂光， 直至得到清晰稳定的彩虹信号；
e.成像透镜将视场透镜后不同角度的散射图样条紋， 折射到 CCD 芯片上， 不同出射角度的光线对应 CCD 信号采集器像素面上的不同 行， 每行的像素记录不同高度点的喷雾液滴在不同散射角度上的光 强。
作为优选， 散射角度标定方法是：
在光学系统单元的主光轴延伸方向的喷雾场的测量区域设置一 个带有旋转位移台的反射镜， 调节旋转位移台， 先使反射镜反射的光 线与光学系统单元的主光轴重合， 并记录旋转位移台的初始角度， 微 调旋转位移台的转动角度，记录旋转角度与反射光在 CCD信号采集器 上的位置， 结合激光器发射的激光束与光学系统单元的主光轴的角 度， 可以得到标定点的散射角度， 进而得到 CCD信号采集器像素与散 射角之间的关系。
本发明的有益效果是，它克服现有技术的 GRT仅限于单点测量的 缺陷， 实现了全场彩虹测量系统对复杂喷雾场的一维测量， 具有结构 简单、适合工业在线应用等特点； 它能对一维线上不同高度喷雾液滴 粒的彩虹信号进行一次性测量， 得到粒径和折射率分布， 从而实时快 速的获得喷雾液滴粒的粒径和温度等参数，通过连续性地采集一维喷 雾液滴粒的数据， 可以获得二维稳定喷雾场的参数分布， 有利于实际 工业的监测分析， 为燃烧及污染物控制策略和设计方案提供数据指 导， 达到节约原料、 减少排放的目的。 此外，采用合理设计的喷雾装置可以测量喷雾场在加热或冷却等 复杂环境条件下的动态变化情况。对多组分的混合复杂喷雾场进行测 量， 通过得到的混合彩虹图， 可以反演得到各组分在测量区域内的体 积分数。 附图说明
图 1 是本发明一维全场彩虹测量装置实施例 1 的整体结构示意 图；
图 2是本发明一维全场彩虹测量装置实施例 1光学系统单元的光 路结构示意图；
图 3是本发明一维全场彩虹测量装置实施例 2 的整体结构示意 图；
图 4是本发明一维全场彩虹测量装置实施例 2光学系统单元的光 路结构示意图；
图 5 是本发明中喷雾场及喷雾液滴粒彩虹信号干涉图像的放大 结构示意图。
图中： 1.激光器， 2. 偏振片， 3.扩束器， 4.柱透镜， 5.视场透 镜， 6. 水平线光阑， 7.竖直线光阑， 8.成像透镜， 9.滤光片， 10. CCD 信号采集器， 11.喷雾场， 12. 喷雾液滴粒， 13. 喷嘴装置， 14.彩虹 信号。
实施本发明的最佳方法
下面通过实施例，并结合附图对本发明技术方案的具体实施方式 作进一步的说明。
实施例 1
在如图 1、图 2所示的实施例 1中，一种一维全场彩虹测量装置， 包括激光发射单元， 信号采集单元， 信号处理单元三部分：
a.激光发射单元， 由激光器发射的激光束经调制成片光源，用于 照射喷雾场液滴， 产生彩虹信号。 激光发射单元由三部分组成：
半导体激光器 1， 用于产生强度可调节的激光束； 本实施例的半 导体激光器为 500mW光强可调激光器， 激光器固定在旋转位移台上， 所述的旋转位移台重复定位精度小于 0. 005， 分辨率为 0. 00125 ° 。
调制元件，用于将出射激光束调制成偏振的片光源， 调制元件包 括偏振片 2、 扩束器 3及柱透镜 4;
台架系统， 用于调整激光片光源的入射位置及入射角度， 使喷雾 液滴粒 12产生的彩虹信号 14 (见图 5 ) 方向与信号采集单元中光学 系统单元的主光轴重合； 半导体激光器、扩束器及柱透镜均安装在台 架系统上。
b.信号采集单元，用于将不同高度测量点的彩虹信号通过光学系 统单元分开成像在 CCD信号采集器 10的不同行像素上； 信号采集单 元包括视场透镜 5、 水平线光阑 6、 竖直线光阑 7、 成像透镜 8及 CCD 信号采集器， 视场透镜后侧设有水平线光阑， 从喷雾场 11反射的光， 依次通过视场透镜、 水平线光阑、 竖直线光阑及成像透镜后进入 CCD 信号采集器。 视场透镜及成像透镜直径为 100mm, 焦距为 150mm; 视 场透镜前侧的水平线光阑线宽 3匪， 竖直线光阑为零孔径可变光阑， 最大孔宽为 25匪； 所述 CCD信号采集器的 CCD芯片为线性 CCD , 像素 范围为 1M至 16M, 最高频率为 30Hz， 探测彩虹角附件范围为 10 ° 至 20 ° ， 最小分辨角为 0. 002 ° ， CCD信号采集器上设有高度调节器。
c.信号处理单元， 用于转化接收到的彩虹信号， 以数据的形式经 计算机处理后得到测量值。
一维全场彩虹测量装置的测量方法， 其特征在于包括以下步骤： a. 使用激光器对光路进行彩虹信号高度及散射角度的标定， 本 实施例的标定方法为：
在光学系统单元的主光轴延伸方向的喷雾场的测量区域设置一 个带有旋转位移台的反射镜， 调节旋转位移台， 先使反射镜反射的光 线与光学系统单元的主光轴重合， 并记录旋转位移台的初始角度， 微 调旋转位移台的转动角度，记录旋转角度与反射光在 CCD信号采集器 上的位置， 结合激光器发射的激光束与光学系统单元的主光轴的角 度， 可以得到标定点的散射角度， 进而得到 CCD信号采集器像素与散 射角之间的关系， 然后同步调整反射镜及激光器的上下高度， 测量高 度的变化量并重复上述测量过程，得到喷雾场一维线上不同高度的测 量点与 CCD信号采集器像素上下行的对应关系；
b. 打开喷嘴装置 13， 调整喷雾场至稳定状态；
c.开启激光器，激光器发射的激光束经扩束器扩束后， 经过柱透 镜以垂直偏振的片光源的方式照射到喷雾场的测量区域上，不同高度 点喷雾液滴散射的彩虹信号， 通过带水平光阑的视场透镜后， 使得只 有过透镜水平中心线的彩虹信号才能通过，使不同高度的液滴的彩虹 信号具有不同的入射角度而分开；
d.调整视场透镜与成像透镜之间的竖直线光阑的孔宽，控制视场 区域大小并滤除环境杂光， 直至得到清晰稳定的彩虹信号；
e.成像透镜将视场透镜后不同角度的散射图样条紋， 折射到 CCD 芯片上， 不同出射角度的光线对应 CCD 信号采集器像素面上的不同 行， 每行的像素记录不同高度点的喷雾液滴在不同散射角度上的光 强。
d.接收处理单元， 用于转化接收到的彩虹信号， 以数据的形式经 计算机处理后得到测量值。
在得到一维测量线上各点喷雾液滴粒的粒径分布后；将得到的粒 径分布代入光强线性方程组，可以得出一维测量线区域喷雾液滴粒的 折射率分布； 而温度、 组分（成分）等物理参数随折射率有特定的变 化规律， 根据得到的折射率分布可以反演喷雾场的温度分布、组分分 布等关键参量。 本发明克服了现有技术的 GRT仅限于单点测量的缺 陷， 实现了全场彩虹测量系统对复杂喷雾场的一维测量， 具有结构简 单、适合工业在线应用等特点； 它能对一维线上不同高度喷雾液滴粒 的彩虹信号进行一次性测量， 得到粒径和折射率分布， 从而实时快速 的获得喷雾液滴粒的粒径和温度等参数，通过连续性地采集一维测量 线上喷雾液滴粒的数据， 还可以获得二维稳定喷雾场的参数分布。
此外，采用合理设计的喷雾装置可以测量喷雾场在加热或冷却等 复杂环境条件下的动态变化情况。对多组分的混合复杂喷雾场进行测 量， 通过得到的混合彩虹图， 可以反演得到各组分在测量区域内的体 积分数。
实施例 2
实施例 2的 CCD信号采集器前设有滤光片 9 (见图 3图 4)， 半导 体激光器为 50mW光强可调激光器， 其余和实施例 1相同。
在上述实施例中， 半导体激光器的功率可以在 40mW至 600mW之 间选取，视场透镜前侧的水平线光阑线宽可用在 0. 5mm至 5mm之间选 取； 视场透镜及成像透镜直径可以在 80mm至 120mm之间选取， 焦距 可以在 100mm至 250mm之间选取。
除上述实施例外，在本发明的权利要求书及说明书所公开的范围 内， 本发明的技术特征或技术数据可以进行重新选择及组合， 从而构 成新的实施例，这些都是本领域技术人员无需进行创造性劳动即可实 现的，因此这些本发明没有详细描述的实施例也应视为本发明的具体 实施例而在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征是，包括激光发射单元， 信号采集单元， 信号处理单元三部分：
a.激光发射单元， 由激光器发射的激光束经调制成片光源，用于 照射喷雾场液滴， 产生彩虹信号。
b.信号采集单元，用于将不同高度测量点的彩虹信号通过光学系 统单元分开成像在 CCD信号采集器的不同行像素上；
c.信号处理单元， 用于转化接收到的彩虹信号， 以数据的形式经 计算机处理后得到测量值。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置，其特征在于所 述的激光发射单元由三部分组成：
半导体激光器， 用于产生强度可调节的激光束；
调制元件， 用于将出射激光束调制成偏振的片光源；
台架系统， 用于调整激光片光源的入射位置及入射角度， 使喷雾 液滴粒产生的彩虹信号方向与所述光学系统单元的主光轴重合。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 所述的半导体激光器为 40mW至 600mW光强可调激光器， 激光器固定 在旋转位移台上， 所述的旋转位移台重复定位精度小于 0. 005， 分辨 率为 0. 00125 ° 。
4.根据权利要求 2所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 所述的调制元件包括偏振片、扩束器及柱透镜， 半导体激光器、 扩束 器及柱透镜安装在台架系统上。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 信号采集单元包括视场透镜、 水平线光阑、 竖直线光阑、 成像透镜及 CCD信号采集器，视场透镜后侧设有水平线光阑，从喷雾场反射的光， 依次通过视场透镜、 水平线光阑、 竖直线光阑及成像透镜后进入 CCD 信号采集器。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 所述视场透镜前侧的水平线光阑线宽为 0. 5mm至 5mm; 竖直线光阑为 零孔径可变光阑， 最大孔宽为 25mm。
7.根据权利要求 5所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 所述的视场透镜及成像透镜直径为 80mm至 120mm， 焦距为 100mm至 250mm。
8.根据权利要求 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 所述 CCD信号采集器的 CCD芯片为线性 CCD , 像素范围为 1M至 16M, 最高频率为 30Hz， 探测彩虹角附件范围为 10 ° 至 20 ° ， 最小分辨角 为 0. 002。 。
9.根据权利要求 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置， 其特征在于， 所述的 CCD信号采集器上设有高度调节器。
10.根据权利要求 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置，其特征在于， 所述的 CCD信号采集器前设有滤光片。
1 1.一种权利要求 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置的测量方法， a. 使用激光器对光路进行彩虹信号高度及散射角度的标定； b. 打开喷嘴装置， 调整喷雾场至稳定状态；
c.开启激光器，激光器发射的激光束经扩束器扩束后， 经过柱透 镜以垂直偏振的片光源的方式照射到喷雾场的测量区域上，不同高度 点喷雾液滴散射的彩虹信号， 通过带水平光阑的视场透镜后， 使得只 有过透镜水平中心线的彩虹信号才能通过，使不同高度的液滴的彩虹 信号具有不同的入射角度而分开；
d.调整视场透镜与成像透镜之间的竖直线光阑的孔宽，控制视场 区域大小并滤除环境杂光， 直至得到清晰稳定的彩虹信号；
e.成像透镜将视场透镜后不同角度的散射图样条紋， 折射到 CCD 芯片上， 不同出射角度的光线对应 CCD 信号采集器像素面上的不同 行， 每行的像素记录不同高度点的喷雾液滴在不同散射角度上的光 强。
12.根据权利要求 1 1所述的一维全场彩虹测量装置的测量方法， 其特征在于所述的散射角度标定方法是：
在光学系统单元的主光轴延伸方向的喷雾场的测量区域设置一 个带有旋转位移台的反射镜， 调节旋转位移台， 先使反射镜反射的光 线与光学系统单元的主光轴重合， 并记录旋转位移台的初始角度， 微 调旋转位移台的转动角度，记录旋转角度与反射光在 CCD信号采集器 上的位置， 结合激光器发射的激光束与光学系统单元的主光轴的角 度， 可以得到标定点的散射角度， 进而得到 CCD信号采集器像素与散 射角之间的关系， 然后同步调整反射镜及激光器的上下高度， 测量高 度的变化量并重复上述测量过程，得到喷雾场一维线上不同高度的测 量点与 CCD信号采集器像素上下行的对应关系。
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CN109937992B (zh) * 2019-02-12 2024-05-14 中国农业大学 一种喷雾效果可视化检测系统与方法
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