WO2014178811A1 - Additive for fuels and lubricants - Google Patents
Additive for fuels and lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014178811A1 WO2014178811A1 PCT/UA2013/000111 UA2013000111W WO2014178811A1 WO 2014178811 A1 WO2014178811 A1 WO 2014178811A1 UA 2013000111 W UA2013000111 W UA 2013000111W WO 2014178811 A1 WO2014178811 A1 WO 2014178811A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuels
- additive
- lubricants
- carbon
- clusters
- Prior art date
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
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- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
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- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
- Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
Definitions
- the invention relates to field of oil refining and petrochemistry, namely applies to compositions of fuels and lubricants with additives for ensuring of antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties of such materials as hydrocarbon fuel, bio-ethanol, biodiesel fuels and their mixtures.
- the drawback of this method is the low friction properties of fuels containing highly polar compounds in a Leo-Hansch line of polar organic compounds as well as high boiling point of these components, the value of which goes beyond the requirements of the standards to hydrocarbon fuels.
- the most similar to the claimed invention is a lubricating composition [3] for rolling device having high resistance to abrasion.
- the composition includes base oil as a dispersion medium and the spherical carbon particles having a layered structure.
- the obtained additive for fuels and lubricants contains solvent and spherical layered structure onion-like particles, which is characterized in that it is the solvatosol, containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs to the extent from 1 to 500 nm; these clusters consist of laminated partially closed cockleshell-like form graphene layers with substituents; and the additive for fuels and lubricants has the following ratio of components, wt. %:
- substituents of carbon nanosized spherical clusters are used functional groups consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, amino-groups, heterocyclic bases to the extent from 1 to 700 atoms.
- liquid normal and branched structure alkanes In the capacity of solvent apply liquid normal and branched structure alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, liquid heterocyclic compounds, liquid aliphatic and aromatic amines and mixtures thereof.
- Nanoparticles are the centers of pattern formation of domains "nanoparticle-solvent" as solvatocluster.
- solvent In the capacity of solvent apply liquid normal and branched structure alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, liquid heterocyclic compounds, liquid aliphatic and aromatic amines and mixtures thereof. Thought the instrumentality of solvent takes place the formation of solvatosol containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters and also takes place improvement of antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties of fuels and lubricants.
- Method for producing of additive for fuels and lubricants comprises obtaining of unmodified carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs, which were obtained in cyclohexane arc synthesis. Modifying the surface of carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs by functional groups or individual atoms was carried out by chemical synthesis due to the high reactivity of the double bonds between the carbon atoms of surface graphene layers of cockleshell-like form.
- CNOs carbon nanosized spherical clusters having a complex hierarchical "onion-like" structure: individual nanoparticle consists of laminated partially closed cockleshelllike form graphene layers, inside of which is disordered carbon nucleus. Individual particles are collected in agglomerates and have a spheroid shape and size to 500 nm, the interplanar distance d is 3,5727 ⁇ 0,015 A.
- nanosized additives based on carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs exhibit antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties both when added to motor fuels as well as to oils and lubricants.
- MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
- Adding ethyl acetate or butyl acetate promotes stabilization between polar and nonpolar solvents which are intermediates in Leo-Hansch line of polar organic compounds.
- acetophenone and aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, promotes the formation of solvatocomplexes due to the formation of coordination bonds between the ⁇ - electrons of the aromatic ring and ⁇ -electrons of carbon spherical nano clusters CNOs.
- Solvent components are compounded in an arbitrary sequence at ambient temperature. To the obtained solvent for the formation of solvatosol is added 0.1 % by weight of modified carbon nano-sized spherical clusters CNOs and the resulting additive for fuels and lubricants is stirred for better dissolution of modified carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs.
- test samples on their antiscoring and antiwear properties were carried out in conditions of friction, as close as possible to the real conditions of the mechanism and the specific friction unit.
- test samples of model friction unit were selected the rollers with diameter of 3mm and thickness of 3mm which were specifically made of steel BSAC-15 (bearing steel alloyed by chrome; chrome content is 1 ,5% weight).
- Additive for fuels and lubricants is used in the capacity of antifriction, antiscoring and anti-oxidant components in the production of petroleum, bioethanol, biodiesel fuels, oils, greases and technical fluids with anticorrosive and antifrictional properties.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Additive for fuels and lubricants containing spherical layered structure onion-like particles, containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs to the extent from 1 to 500 nm; these clusters consist of laminated partially closed cockleshell-like form graphene layers with substituents; and the additive for fuels and lubricants has the following ratio of components, wt. %: * - carbon nanosized spherical clusters - 10- 6 - 10- 1; • - solvent - rest. Additive for fuels and lubricants is used in the capacity of antifriction, antiscoring and anti-oxidant components in the production of petroleum, bioethanol, biodiesel fuels, oils, greases and technical fluids with anticorrosive and antifrictional properties.
Description
ADDITIVE FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
The invention relates to field of oil refining and petrochemistry, namely applies to compositions of fuels and lubricants with additives for ensuring of antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties of such materials as hydrocarbon fuel, bio-ethanol, biodiesel fuels and their mixtures.
In automotive internal combustion engines the most vulnerable to wear are precision friction connections of fuel injection equipment. The fuel itself carries out as a lubricant for such parts. However, due to continual tightening environmental requirements to the emissions from the combustion of motor fuel (reducing the sulfur content, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic compounds) in highly purified fuel had reduced the lubricating properties, first of all - antiscoring properties. As a result, when operating on such fuels the reliability is sharply reduces and increases an accident rate of aircraft and automobile engines. Therefore there is need to create additives with improved operational lubricity.
Currently in use is a method for improving the lubricating capacity of fuels having low sulfur content by the introduction into their structure of vegetable oils, rape-methyl ester and other oxygen-containing compounds of vegetable origin
VI
The drawback of this method is the low friction properties of fuels containing highly polar compounds in a Leo-Hansch line of polar organic compounds as well as high boiling point of these components, the value of which goes beyond the requirements of the standards to hydrocarbon fuels.
Currently in use is a fuel blending composition, which is used in spark- ignition engines [2], and contains as additives halogenated fullerenes dissolved in the component of motor fuel.
The drawback of fuel blending composition is insufficiently high antiwear properties. Additionally chlorine fullerenes at slightly lower combustion temperatures generated during combustion of fuels with a high
content of oxygenates, contribute to the formation of dioxins, which are highly toxic and environmentally hazardous.
The most similar to the claimed invention is a lubricating composition [3] for rolling device having high resistance to abrasion. The composition includes base oil as a dispersion medium and the spherical carbon particles having a layered structure.
The drawback of this analogue is that the lack of functional groups and substituents in the surface and structure of spherical carbon particles is much decreases the phase stability of such lubricant compositions due to the lower solubility of unmodified globules. Also established that unmodified spherical clusters differ from the modified by worse antiwear properties.
In a basis of the invention is the problem of creation of an additive for fuels and lubricants which is capable to increase antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties with providing a simple and reliable way of production.
The assigned task is solved in that the obtained additive for fuels and lubricants contains solvent and spherical layered structure onion-like particles, which is characterized in that it is the solvatosol, containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs to the extent from 1 to 500 nm; these clusters consist of laminated partially closed cockleshell-like form graphene layers with substituents; and the additive for fuels and lubricants has the following ratio of components, wt. %:
- carbon nanosized spherical clusters - 10"6 - 10"';
- solvent - rest.
Also in the capacity of substituents of carbon nanosized spherical clusters are used functional groups consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, amino-groups, heterocyclic bases to the extent from 1 to 700 atoms.
In the capacity of solvent apply liquid normal and branched structure
alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, liquid heterocyclic compounds, liquid aliphatic and aromatic amines and mixtures thereof.
The presence of carbon nano-sized spherical clusters CNOs in such additive composition leads to formation in solvatosol the supramolecular structures of micellar type - domains consisting of nanoparticles and the solvent molecules. Domains cause the change of mechanism of the contact between two interacting surfaces and thus prevent the contact of metals on the surfaces of friction thought the instrumentality of which they increase antiscoring, antiwear properties. Nanoparticles are the centers of pattern formation of domains "nanoparticle-solvent" as solvatocluster. Our calculations proved the existence of domains in mixed fuel which cause antiwear properties and consist of a modified carbon nanoparticle (CNOs) and the solvent molecules to the extent from 14.5 thousand polar solvent molecules to 27,000 non-polar solvent molecules around a single spherical particle CNOs.
When used as substituent of carbon nanosized spherical clusters of functional groups consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, amino- groups, heterocyclic bases to the extent from 1 to 700 atoms increases the solubility of carbon spherical nano clusters, improve antiscoring, antiwear and anti-corrosion properties of fuels and lubricants.
In the capacity of solvent apply liquid normal and branched structure alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, liquid heterocyclic compounds, liquid aliphatic and aromatic amines and mixtures thereof. Thought the instrumentality of solvent takes place the formation of solvatosol containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters and also takes place improvement of antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties of fuels and lubricants.
Method for producing of additive for fuels and lubricants comprises
obtaining of unmodified carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs, which were obtained in cyclohexane arc synthesis. Modifying the surface of carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs by functional groups or individual atoms was carried out by chemical synthesis due to the high reactivity of the double bonds between the carbon atoms of surface graphene layers of cockleshell-like form. Using as a raw material hydrocarbon mixture leads to the formation of carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs, having a complex hierarchical "onion-like" structure: individual nanoparticle consists of laminated partially closed cockleshelllike form graphene layers, inside of which is disordered carbon nucleus. Individual particles are collected in agglomerates and have a spheroid shape and size to 500 nm, the interplanar distance d is 3,5727 ± 0,015 A.
Introduction into the fuel composition of these compounds can significantly change such physico-chemical characteristics of fuel such as density, refractive index, viscosity, susceptibility to oxidation, tribological characteristics.
Experimentally it has been established that nanosized additives based on carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs exhibit antiscoring, antiwear and anti-oxidant properties both when added to motor fuels as well as to oils and lubricants.
Research of properties of motor fuels containing additive for fuels and lubricants have been carried out at the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 10th Chemmotological center of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and Research Laboratory of nanotribotehnology at National Aviation University of Ukraine.
The results of solubility of carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs before and after the modification shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Value of solubility of nanosized spherical carbon clusters in various solvents
Using as solvent ethers, in particular methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE),
improves cold start when they used as a dopant or additive to the fuel.
Adding ethyl acetate or butyl acetate promotes stabilization between polar and nonpolar solvents which are intermediates in Leo-Hansch line of polar organic compounds.
Using of aliphatic and aromatic ketones, in particular acetophenone and aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol, promotes the formation of solvatocomplexes due to the formation of coordination bonds between the π- electrons of the aromatic ring and π-electrons of carbon spherical nano clusters CNOs.
Example of preparation of additive for fuels and lubricants. To produce additives for fuels and lubricants it is necessary to form solvatosol containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters. For obtaining solvent were taken following ingredients wt. %:
- Toluene - 35.0;
- Iso-octane - 30.0;
- n-heptane - 10.0;
- Ethanol - 10.0;
- Cyclohexane - 5.0;
- MTBE - 5.0;
- Isobutanol - 2.0;
- Triethylamine - 1.0;
- N-methylpyrrolidone - 1 ,0;
- Acetophenone - 1.0.
Solvent components are compounded in an arbitrary sequence at ambient temperature. To the obtained solvent for the formation of solvatosol is added 0.1 % by weight of modified carbon nano-sized spherical clusters CNOs and the resulting additive for fuels and lubricants is stirred for better dissolution of modified carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs.
Produced compositions have been tested for physicochemical parameters for motor fuels. Physicochemical characteristics of different
media with the addition of additive for fuels and lubricants containing 0.1 wt. % are given in Table 2.
Quality assessment of test samples on their antiscoring and antiwear properties was carried out in conditions of friction, as close as possible to the real conditions of the mechanism and the specific friction unit. As the test samples of model friction unit were selected the rollers with diameter of 3mm and thickness of 3mm which were specifically made of steel BSAC-15 (bearing steel alloyed by chrome; chrome content is 1 ,5% weight).
The tests were carried out on the friction test machine with constant contact loads. Axial load - 80N, ambient temperature - 18 ° C; (o = 300 min" \ Following the tests the estimation of antiscoring and antiwear properties of four fuel samples by measuring the wear of the friction surface (microns).
The antioxidant properties of the additive based on carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs (NA) have been investigated by the standard model by studying the kinetics of oxygen uptake during initiated oxidation of benzyl alcohol with oxygen at a temperature of 323 K with a further definition of the oxidation rate. The results of the experiments are given in Table 3.
Table 2. Physicochemical characteristics
Table 3
Physicochemical characteristics
The data presented in Table 3 confirm that the additives on the basis of carbon nanosized spherical clusters improve antioxidant properties of benzyl alcohol in 2 ÷ 14 times.
Additive for fuels and lubricants is used in the capacity of antifriction, antiscoring and anti-oxidant components in the production of petroleum, bioethanol, biodiesel fuels, oils, greases and technical fluids with anticorrosive and antifrictional properties.
References
1. T.H. MmycoBa, E.B.IlojiHHHHa, M.B.KajiHHHHa. CoBpeMeHHwe iunejibHbie TonjiHBa H npnca TKH K HHM, - M. "TexHHKa". OOO "TYMA ΓΡΥΠΠ», 2002. - 64 c
2. naTeHT No. 67889 UA, ΜΠΚ CIOL 1/02, ClOLl/14, ClOLlO/02. "ΚΟΜΠΟ3ΗΙΙΪ8 naiiHBHa cyisiimeBa BHryHiB BHyTpiuiHboro 3ropHHHa", ony6ji. 12.03.2012. BIOJI. JY<! 5
3. naTeHT JP 2009063154 (A). ΜΠΚ C10M105/04, C10M105/32, C10M107/02. Rolling device / KOBAYASHI MASAHITO. NSK LTD. 26.03.2009
Claims
1. Additive for fuels and lubricants containing spherical layered structure onion-like particles, which is characterized in that it is the solvatosol, containing solvent and dispersed therein carbon nanosized spherical clusters CNOs to the extent from 1 to 500 nm; these clusters consist of laminated partially closed cockleshell-like form graphene layers with substituents; and the additive for fuels and lubricants has the following ratio of components, wt. %:
- carbon nanosized spherical clusters - 10"6 - 10"1;
- solvent - rest.
2. Additive according to claim 1 , which is characterized in that in the capacity of substituents of carbon nanosized spherical clusters are used functional groups consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens, amino- groups, heterocyclic bases to the extent from 1 to 700 atoms.
3. Additive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the capacity of solvent apply liquid normal and branched structure alkanes, cyclic hydrocarbons, liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, liquid heterocyclic compounds, liquid aliphatic and aromatic amines and mixtures thereof.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA201305619 | 2013-04-30 | ||
| UA201305619 | 2013-04-30 |
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| WO2014178811A1 true WO2014178811A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108913287A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-30 | 界首市鑫全龙粮食机械购销有限公司 | A kind of machinery cooling-lubricant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109097162A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-28 | 宋应金 | Graphene oxidation retarder and preparation method thereof, lubricating oil |
| WO2019130022A3 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-10-24 | Anergy Limited | Fuel |
| EP3652279A4 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-08-05 | Ragulia, Andrii | Multifunctional modifying additive containing solid nanosize carbon particles for fuel based on bioethanol and gasoline |
| WO2020236962A1 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| WO2022076468A1 (en) * | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-14 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| CN115627191A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-01-20 | 江苏灏钧股份有限公司 | Graphene power improver for automobile and preparation method thereof |
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| EP3652279A4 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2020-08-05 | Ragulia, Andrii | Multifunctional modifying additive containing solid nanosize carbon particles for fuel based on bioethanol and gasoline |
| WO2019130022A3 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-10-24 | Anergy Limited | Fuel |
| CN108913287A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-11-30 | 界首市鑫全龙粮食机械购销有限公司 | A kind of machinery cooling-lubricant and preparation method thereof |
| CN109097162A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-28 | 宋应金 | Graphene oxidation retarder and preparation method thereof, lubricating oil |
| WO2020236962A1 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-11-26 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| CN114144256A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2022-03-04 | 菲尔格姆斯有限公司 | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel composition based on additive and method for preparing same |
| US20220145195A1 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2022-05-12 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| EP3969168A4 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2023-05-31 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| US11939548B2 (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2024-03-26 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| WO2022076468A1 (en) * | 2020-10-07 | 2022-04-14 | Fuelgems, Inc. | Additive for liquid fuels, fuel compositions based on the additive, and methods of manufacture |
| CN115627191A (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2023-01-20 | 江苏灏钧股份有限公司 | Graphene power improver for automobile and preparation method thereof |
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