WO2014178337A1

WO2014178337A1 - Cremation system and cremation method

Info

Publication number: WO2014178337A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/061663
Authority: WO
Inventors: 眞知子浅岡
Original assignee: 東京博善株式会社
Priority date: 2013-05-01
Filing date: 2014-04-25
Publication date: 2014-11-06
Also published as: JPWO2014178337A1; JP5721914B2

Abstract

[Problem] To provide a cremation method and a cremation system comprising a catalytic device that efficiently decomposes and removes toxic substances contained in exhaust gases from a crematory furnace and that prevents clogging of a catalytic cell by driving a dust removing device while a catalytic unit is loaded in a catalytic tank. [Solution] A cremation system is provided with an upper catalyst set (22) into which exhaust from a dust collector is introduced, a lower catalyst set (22') disposed in series with the upper catalytic set (22), a dust removing sprayer (222) for removing dust, particles, or the like adhering to a catalytic tank (221), a plurality of nozzles that are provided on the sprayer (222) and that discharge high pressure gas, a drive motor for the dust removing sprayer (23) for moving the sprayer (222), a valve (25) that controls supply of high pressure gas to the nozzles, and a pressure sensor for measuring pressure differences between an inlet and an outlet for a gas flowing in the catalytic cell. A dust removing device is run when the pressure difference reaches or exceeds a prescribed value, and dust or the like adhering to the catalytic cells is removed.

Description

Cremation system and method

The present invention relates to a cremation system and a cremation method, and more particularly to a cremation system and a cremation method provided with a catalyst device for removing harmful substances contained in exhaust gas discharged from a cremation furnace.

The exhaust gas emitted from the cremation furnace may contain a large amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) as well as odorous components such as ammonia, sulfur compounds and hydrogen sulfide, and may possibly contain dioxins, and nitrogen oxides ( It has the peculiar property that the concentration of NOx) and the temperature of exhaust gas fluctuate rapidly in a short time. On the other hand, urban crematories, which have been increasing in recent years, are often built adjacent to residential areas, and dioxins in addition to nitrogen oxides and odorous components in the exhaust gas emitted from the exhaust gas There is a strong demand for advanced exhaust gas treatment to keep below the standard value under any conditions.

As a first prior art of such an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, there is an exhaust gas treatment apparatus described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-170452), which will be described with reference to FIG. In this publication, the exhaust gas processing apparatus shown in FIG. 9 introduces optimum temperature control means for adjusting the exhaust temperature to the optimum temperature on the downstream side of the main combustion chamber 91 and the re-combustion chamber 92 and the re-combustion chamber 92; The first stage NOx removal catalyst layer 93 for reducing the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and the latter stage NOx removal catalyst layer 94 for reduction with unreacted ammonia are provided. As the NOx removal catalyst used in the first stage NOx removal catalyst layer 93, a mixture of at least one metal oxide selected from vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum and at least one metal oxide selected from titanium, silicon and zirconium is mixed and fired The denitrification catalyst used in the second-stage denitration catalyst layer 94 includes the oxides constituting the first-stage denitration catalyst 93, a noble metal such as platinum, palladium and iridium, and a metal such as copper, manganese and chromium or a compound thereof It is made to carry.

Furthermore, an air preheater 95 for optimally raising the temperature of the exhaust gas supplied to the dust collector 96 in the downstream of the rear stage NOx removal catalyst layer 94 and an exhaust fan for exhausting the exhaust gas to an exhaust cylinder (not shown) And 97 are provided. With such a configuration, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus described in this publication can reduce the temperature of the exhaust gas rapidly in a short period of time, even under conditions specific to the exhaust gas from the cremation furnace. In addition to reducing the nitrogen oxides, it is configured to remove odorous components and dioxins.

Further, as a second prior art of an exhaust gas processing system from a crematory furnace, there is an exhaust gas processing system described in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-310410). The exhaust gas treatment apparatus described in this publication aims to operate stably for a long time with respect to an exhaust gas containing an alkaline substance.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 10, the exhaust gas processing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 includes a main combustion chamber 101, a re-combustion chamber 102, and a gas cooling area 103 provided downstream of the re-combustion chamber 102; Furthermore, after the dust collection means 104 and the catalyst layer 105 provided on the downstream side are provided and the exhaust gas temperature is lowered in the gas cooling area 103, dust containing alkaline substance is removed by the dust collection means 104 such as a bag filter. The catalyst layer 105 is set to a temperature of 90.degree. C. so as to perform denitration and deodorization of exhaust gas and removal of dioxins. In the exhaust gas processing apparatus shown in FIG. 10, the durability of the catalyst layer 105 is improved by disposing the dust collection means 104 such as a bag filter, an electric dust collector, or a ceramic filter at the front stage of the catalyst. Further, as the front catalyst layer 1051, the same NOx removal catalyst as that of the front NOx removal catalyst layer 93 described in the first prior art is used.

Further, as the second-stage catalyst layer 1052, a denitration catalyst similar to the second-stage denitration catalyst layer 94 described in the first prior art is used, and the second-stage catalyst layer 1052 has a honeycomb shape and structurally uses a dust free type. Dust is allowed to pass through the catalyst layer, so that smooth operation can be performed without increasing pressure loss and reducing performance.

Further, as a third prior art of the exhaust gas processing apparatus, there is a catalyst activation method described in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-30345). The catalyst activation method described in this publication aims to efficiently activate the catalyst in a state where the catalyst is filled in the apparatus when the performance of the catalyst decreases.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 11, the exhaust gas 113 discharged from the dust collection device (not shown) in the front stage during normal operation is oxidized in the exhaust gas by the NOx removal reaction device 112 containing the honeycomb catalyst 111. The substance is decomposed into harmless N ₂ and water. On the other hand, when removing dust attached to or deposited on the honeycomb catalyst 111, the valve 114 is opened and a gas such as steam or air is injected from the gas introduction pipe 116 from the blow nozzle 118 at a constant pressure to remove dust. . After that, the operation of the denitrification reaction device 112 is stopped, the piping to which the nozzle of the denitrification reaction device 112 is attached is taken out, the blow nozzle 118 is replaced with the water washing nozzle, and the nozzle piping is inserted into the catalyst layer gas inlet After fixing, the valve 114 is closed, the valve 115 is opened, and the cleaning water introduced through the cleaning water introduction pipe 117 is jetted out from the nozzle, and the dust accumulated in the honeycomb catalyst 111 is eluted and removed. .

JP, 2001-170452, A

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-310410

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-30345

According to the first prior art described in Patent Document 1, the exhaust gas temperature is lowered to 200 ° C. to 550 ° C. by the optimum temperature control means disposed downstream of the reburning chamber 92, and ammonia is reduced. The nitrogen oxide in the introduced exhaust gas is reduced using the first stage NOx removal catalyst layer 93 and the second stage NOx removal catalyst layer 94, and after removing odorous components and dioxins, the temperature is measured by the air preheater 95 and cooling air. The adjusted exhaust gas is sent to the dust collector 96, and the dust collector 96 is configured to remove dust contained in the exhaust gas.

In the case of the above configuration, exhaust gas having high toxicity is directly introduced into the first stage NOx removal catalyst layer 93 and the second stage NOx removal catalyst layer 94, so the durability of each

catalyst layer

93, 94 is poor. And frequent replacements, making it difficult to achieve stable cremation.

Further, dust in the exhaust gas is strongly adherent, and a large amount of dust adheres to the catalyst layer, which causes clogging, so it is essential to take measures to remove the dust. For this reason, it is difficult to operate the exhaust gas processing device stably for a long time. In the exhaust gas processing apparatus described in this publication, this problem is solved by setting the aperture ratio to 65 to 85%, but the conditions of the exhaust gas discharged from the cremator are diverse and highly variable, and all the conditions are satisfied. On the other hand, it is difficult to take measures against clogging only by setting the aperture ratio.

Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus described in this publication precisely controls the amount of introduced ammonia introduced to reduce nitrogen oxides on the inflow side of the first stage NOx removal catalyst layer 93, and controls unreacted ammonia in the second stage NOx removal catalyst layer. Although it is configured so that ammonia does not leak by passing it through 94, it is difficult to completely remove ammonia so that ammonia is not finally exhausted from the exhaust stack even if these measures are taken practically It is.

Further, the exhaust gas treatment apparatus according to the second prior art described in Patent Document 2 improves the durability of the catalyst layer 105 and the clogging of the catalyst layer by arranging the dust collection means 104 at the front stage of the catalyst layer 105. However, when the catalyst layer is clogged during continuous operation, the catalyst layer is clogged. When the catalyst layer is operated for a long time, the catalyst layer clogs, and maintenance or replacement of the catalyst device becomes essential. There is a problem that stable driving is difficult and cremation efficiency is poor.

Moreover, after activating the catalyst in the third prior art described in Patent Document 3 by injecting a gas such as steam or air from the blow nozzle 118 at a constant pressure to remove dust, the operation of the NOx removal reaction device 112 is stopped. Since the blow nozzle 118 is replaced with the flush nozzle and the flush water is ejected from the replaced flush nozzle, the blow nozzle and the flush nozzle must be replaced frequently, which lowers the operating efficiency. There is a problem of Further, when the washing water is spouted from the nozzle, the operation of the denitrification reaction device 112 must be stopped, and when the catalyst activation method described in this publication is applied to a cremation system, a decrease in the operation efficiency of the cremation system is avoided. Absent.

In addition, although it is necessary to eject high pressure gas or washing water uniformly from the nozzle with respect to the catalyst cells constituting the honeycomb catalyst 111 shown in FIG. There is no disclosure as to whether the high pressure gas or the flush water is ejected evenly. For this reason, when the injection pressure of the high pressure gas or the washing water is small, the corresponding catalyst cell is clogged, and there is a problem that the catalyst performance as the entire denitration reaction device 112 is lowered.

Further, in the catalyst activation method described in this publication, there is no method for monitoring the clogging state of the honeycomb catalyst 111. Therefore, in the case of a boiler or the like that stably burns coal, oil, etc., dust adhesion to the honeycomb catalyst 111 is almost constant, and there is little need to detect the clogging state of the honeycomb catalyst 111, but exhaust from the cremation furnace Since the amount of dust contained in the gas varies significantly depending on the state of cremation, it is difficult to predict in advance when the catalyst device will be clogged, and the method of activating the catalyst described in this publication is a cremation system and When applied to the cremation method, there is a high possibility of clogging of the catalyst device, and it is difficult to realize a stably operating cremation system and cremation method.

The present invention provides a cremation system and a cremation method which suitably solve the above-mentioned problems.

The cremation system of the present invention comprises a combustion furnace for burning a body, a dust collector for collecting and treating exhaust gas from the combustion furnace, and a catalyst device provided downstream of the dust collector and purifying exhaust gas. The catalyst device includes an upstream catalyst set disposed upstream of exhaust gas and a downstream catalyst set disposed downstream of the upstream catalyst set, the upstream catalyst set and the downstream catalyst set An upstream dust spray for injecting high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the upstream catalyst set, and a downstream dust spray for injecting the high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the downstream catalyst set , And are configured to provide.

Further, the high-pressure gas is injected while the upstream dust spray and the downstream dust spray move along the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the upstream catalyst set and the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the downstream catalyst set, respectively. It may be configured as follows.

In addition, the upstream dust spray and the downstream dust spray may be configured to slide and move on rails provided at both ends or one end of the upstream dust spray and the downstream dust spray.

Furthermore, the movement start position and movement stop position of the upstream dust removal spray and the downstream dust spray are set by movement start / stop means, and the upstream dust removal spray and the downstream dust spray stop the movement from the movement start position It may be configured to automatically stop upon reaching the position and then automatically return to the movement start position.

Also, at least one of the upstream dust spray and the downstream dust spray may be configured to operate during cremation operation.

In addition, a pressure sensor is provided to measure the pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet of the upstream catalyst set, and an alarm signal is output when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more. You may

In addition, a pressure sensor is provided to measure the pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet of the exhaust gas in the upstream catalyst set, and when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more, the upstream dust spray is automatically generated. It may be configured to start operation.

Further, the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set is provided with a catalyst unit so as to be removable from the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set, and the catalyst units are arranged in a grid shape. The shape of the catalyst cell constituting the catalyst unit is any of a honeycomb shape, a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape, a pipe shape, a plate shape, a ribbon shape, a ribbon shape, a corrugated plate shape and a rectangle, and has a straight flow structure. The cell openings may be configured to be 7 mm to 11 mm.

Further, the opening of the first catalyst cell constituting the upstream catalyst set may be configured to be equal to or larger than the opening of the second catalyst cell constituting the downstream catalyst set.

Further, the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set is provided with a catalyst unit so as to be removable from the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set, and the catalyst units are arranged in a grid shape. A portion of the catalyst unit may be configured as a sampling catalyst unit for evaluating the catalytic performance of the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set.

Further, the sampling catalyst unit may be configured to be disposed at a central portion of the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set.

A grid grit covering the catalyst unit and the sampling catalyst unit may be provided on the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set, and the grid corresponding to the sampling catalyst unit may be configured to be openable and closable.

In the catalyst device, at least one metal oxide selected from titanium vanadium oxide or titanium, silicon, and zirconium and at least one metal oxide selected from vanadium, tungsten, and molybdenum may be used as the material in contact with the exhaust gas. May be configured to include any of the mixed and calcined catalysts.

The cremation method of the present invention is a cremation system provided with a combustion furnace for burning a body, a dust collector for collecting and treating exhaust gas from the combustion furnace, and a catalyst device disposed downstream of the dust collector and purifying exhaust gas. A first step of performing exhaust gas treatment of at least denitrification, deodorization, decomposition of dioxins with an upstream catalyst set disposed upstream of exhaust gas, and a downstream step of the upstream catalyst set A second step of treating the exhaust gas treated in the first step with a downstream catalyst set disposed on the side, and a third step of injecting high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the upstream catalyst set And a fourth step of injecting the high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the downstream catalyst set.

In the third and fourth steps, the high-pressure injection means is moved along the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the upstream catalyst set and the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the downstream catalyst set, respectively. The high pressure gas may be injected from the high pressure injection means.

Further, at least one of the third step and the fourth step may be configured to be performed during a cremation operation.

Further, the pressure difference between the exhaust gas at the inlet and the outlet of the exhaust gas in the upstream catalyst set may be measured, and an alarm signal may be output when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more.

In addition, the pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet of the upstream catalyst set is measured, and when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more, the third step or the fourth step is automatically performed. It may be configured to start operation.

The cremation system and cremation method according to the present invention remove harmful substances such as dioxins adhering to dust and dust of exhaust gas discharged from the reburner with a dust collector, and dioxins and odor slightly remaining in the exhaust gas from the dust collector Since the components are decomposed and detoxified using a catalytic converter, the dust, dioxins or odorous components contained in the exhaust gas are reduced sufficiently below the specified value and discharged to the atmosphere through the exhaust stack. be able to.

Further, since the cremation system and cremation method according to the present invention have a dust collector installed in front of the catalyst device, most dust contained in the exhaust gas from the reburning furnace is removed by the dust collector and there is little dust or dust particles Since very small exhaust gas flows into the catalytic device, clogging of the catalytic device is less likely to occur, and since the exhaust gas from which most dust containing a large amount of alkaline substances has been removed by the dust collector is introduced to the catalytic device, durability of the catalytic device There is an excellent feature that the quality is improved.

Furthermore, since the catalyst device mounted in the cremation system according to the present invention uses titanium vanadium oxide as a catalyst, dioxins can be decomposed into CO ₂ , H ₂ O, and Hcl, and the exhaust gas can be substantially detoxified. As a result, secondary treatment is not necessary, which makes it possible to miniaturize the catalyst device and reduce the treatment cost.

In addition, the catalyst device mounted in the cremation system according to the present invention has a honeycomb structure and is of a straight flow type in which both the inflow side and the outflow side of the catalyst cell are open, and furthermore, the catalyst cell has a wide opening. It is characterized in that clogging of cells is unlikely to occur.

Further, the catalyst device mounted on the cremation system of the present invention comprises a dust removing device for removing dust and the like attached to the catalyst cell, and constitutes the dust removing device by driving the dust removing device periodically or irregularly. The catalyst device can be cleaned automatically without removing the catalyst unit.

In addition, a plurality of catalyst sets in which catalyst units are arranged in a grid are arranged in series, and the upstream side of the catalyst set on the inflow side, and between the downstream side of the catalyst set and the upstream side of the catalyst set following the catalyst set Even when the flow path of the catalyst cell is long by providing the dust removing device, dust attached to the catalyst cell, etc., because the flow velocity of the high pressure gas flowing through the catalyst cell constituting the downstream catalyst set is sufficiently fast. Can be sufficiently removed.

Further, the catalyst device mounted in the cremation system of the present invention adheres to the catalyst cell by ejecting high pressure gas to each catalyst cell from a plurality of nozzles provided in the dust removal spray while moving the dust removal spray. Dust and the like can be uniformly removed.

Furthermore, a pressure sensor is provided to measure the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the gas flowing through the catalyst cell, and clogging of the catalyst cell constituting the catalyst device can be constantly monitored, and the pressure difference is predetermined. When it becomes more than the value, it is judged that clogging has occurred in the catalyst cell, and an alarm signal can be output. Furthermore, when the pressure difference becomes equal to or more than a predetermined value, it is also possible to drive the dust removal device to remove dust and the like attached to the catalyst cell. Since this does not cause clogging in the catalyst device, stable cremation operation is possible.

Further, a catalyst unit comprising a plurality of catalyst cells is attachable to and detachable from the catalyst set, and the catalyst unit with deteriorated catalyst performance can be replaced with maintenance or a new one on a catalyst unit basis. This is economical as it is not necessary to update the entire catalyst set.

In addition, although the catalyst set is configured by arranging catalyst units in a grid, a part of the catalyst unit is configured as a sampling catalyst unit, and the catalyst performance as a whole of the catalyst unit is evaluated by evaluating the sampling catalyst unit. It is possible. In other words, by evaluating the sampling catalyst unit without evaluating all the catalyst units, it is possible to estimate the dust adhesion state of the entire catalyst unit and the deterioration state of the catalyst performance, and early maintenance of the catalyst device or The catalyst unit can be replaced and stable cremation operation is possible.

As described above, the catalyst device installed in the cremation system of the present invention is significantly miniaturized as compared with the conventional catalyst device, and it is particularly suitable as a future urban cremation system with a relatively small area. Are better.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram of the cremation system concerning embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic which shows the basic composition of the catalyst apparatus by embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of a catalyst tank by an embodiment of the present invention. Fig.4 (a) is a perspective view of one catalyst unit, FIG.4 (b) is an enlarged view of the part shown by A of FIG. 4 (a). FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a sampling catalyst unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the catalyst tank by an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the dust removal apparatus by this Embodiment. It is a side view of the dust removal device by this embodiment. It is a block diagram of the processing apparatus of waste gas of the 1st prior art. It is a block diagram of the processing apparatus of waste gas of the 2nd prior art. It is a block diagram explaining the activation method of the catalyst of the 3rd prior art.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[overall structure]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a cremation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a main combustion unit which burns a body, a burial, a mortuary using a main combustion burner 12 and a farewell 16 on which a chute 17 is placed. A furnace 11, a refueling furnace 13 for completely burning the exhaust gas from the main combustion furnace 11, and an automatic storage device 15 capable of automatically storing the crucible 17 in the main combustion furnace 12 are provided.

Further, the exhaust gas from the main burner 11 is led to the power generation system 19 through the common flue 18A and the exhaust duct 18B which are in communication with the reburner 13. The exhaust gas led to the power generation system 19 exchanges heat with the refrigerant to transfer heat energy, and further flows into the hot air recovery heat exchanger 110. The inflowing exhaust gas exchanges heat with air, and the heated hot air is guided to the main combustion furnace 11 through the hot air recovery path 116.

The exhaust gas flowing out of the hot air recovery heat exchanger 110 flows into the dust collector 112 together with the outside air taken in from the air inlet 111 in order to lower the temperature of the exhaust gas, where dust and the like contained in the exhaust gas are removed. Next, the exhaust gas that has flowed out of the dust collector 112 is sent to the catalyst device 113, where nitrogen oxides, odorous components, dioxins such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans contained in the exhaust gas are removed. The exhaust gas discharged from the catalyst device 113 is sucked by the exhaust fan 114 and discharged to the atmosphere via the exhaust stack 115.

Thus, the cremation system and cremation method according to the present invention removes harmful substances such as large amounts of nitrogen oxides, odorous components, dust and dioxins generated in the main combustion furnace 11 and regenerates clean air into the air. In addition, the non-polluting cremation system and cremation method, which are important issues of the urban cremation system, are realized.

[Basic configuration of catalyst device]
Next, the basic configuration of the catalyst device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The catalyst device 113 of the present invention comprises an upper catalyst set 22 for introducing exhaust gas from the dust collector 112 shown in FIG. 1 through a duct 21A, a lower catalyst set 22 'configured in series with the upper catalyst set 22, A dust removal spray 222 for removing dust, fine particles and the like adhering to the catalyst tank 221 constituting the catalyst set 22, a plurality of nozzles (not shown) provided on the dust removal spray 222 and ejecting high pressure gas, dust Drive motor 23 for dust removal spray for moving removal spray 222, driving range of drive motor 23 for dust removal spray, that is, limit switch 24 for setting movement range of dust removal spray 222, high pressure air to nozzle And the like to control the supply of high pressure gas.

Similarly, for the lower catalyst set 22 'disposed downstream of the catalytic converter 113, the catalyst tank 221', the dust removal spray 222 ', the dust removal spray drive motor 23', the limit switch 24 ', and the valve 25 'is provided. The structures of the catalyst tank 221 constituting the upper catalyst set 22 and the catalyst tank 221 'constituting the lower catalyst set 22' may be the same or different. That is, the catalyst device 113 according to the present embodiment adopts a two-step system of the upper catalyst set 22 and the lower catalyst set 22 ′ disposed in series therewith, and the upper catalyst set 22 could not be removed. The harmful gas and the like are configured to be removed by the lower catalyst set 22 '. For this reason, the openings of the catalyst cells constituting the catalyst tank 221 'are made smaller than those of the catalyst cells constituting the catalyst tank 221, and the number of catalyst cells per unit area and the surface area of the catalyst contacted by the exhaust gas are large. It may be configured to

The exhaust gas discharged from the lower catalyst set 22 'in FIG. 2 passes through the duct 21C, and is discharged from the exhaust pipe 115 shown in FIG. Further, an emergency duct 21B for discharging the exhaust gas from the dust collector 112 directly to the duct 21C in an emergency is provided. In the above, the catalyst device 113 according to the present embodiment has been described as a two-stage system of the upper stage catalyst set 22 and the lower stage catalyst set 22 ', but may be a multistage configuration of three or more stages. At this time, the dust removal spray may or may not be provided between the catalyst sets of the third and subsequent stages, and the installation specification of the dust removal spray is determined in consideration of the frequency of maintenance and the like.

[Basic operation of catalytic device in normal operation]
Next, the basic operation of the catalyst device 113 of FIG. 2 during normal operation will be described. When the exhaust gas from the dust collector 112 shown in FIG. 1 is introduced into the upper catalyst set 22, denitration and deodorization of the exhaust gas and / or dioxins in the oxidation catalyst layers formed in a large number of catalyst cells constituting the catalyst tank 221 Disassembly is performed. Here, dioxins are decomposed into harmless carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and water by reacting dioxins in the oxidation catalyst layer. That is, dioxins are rendered harmless by the following reaction.
Dioxins → CO ₂ + H ₂ O + Hcl
In the above reaction, hydrogen chloride (Hcl) is also produced at the same time, but since the concentration of dioxins in the exhaust gas introduced into the catalytic converter 113 is very low, the amount of hydrogen chloride produced does not affect the environment at all. The concentration is reduced and discharged.

Next, the exhaust gas from the upper catalyst set 22 is introduced into the catalyst tank 221 'constituting the lower catalyst set 22', and denitration and deodorization of exhaust gas and / or decomposition of dioxins in the oxidation catalyst layer as described above Is done. The upper catalyst set 22 and the lower catalyst set 22 'are sealed by a container, and the exhaust gas from the upper catalyst set 22 does not leak to the outside, and is introduced into the catalyst tank 221' constituting the lower catalyst set 22 '. Configured as.

[Basic operation of catalyst device in dust removal operation]
Next, the basic operation at the time of the dust removal operation of the catalyst device 113 of FIG. 2 will be described. After the day's cremation work is completed and the exhaust gases from the main combustion furnace 11 and the refueling furnace 13 are stopped, the valve 25 is opened, and high pressure gas such as high pressure air is discharged by the dust removing spray 222 from the plurality of nozzles. Spout towards the top of the catalyst cell that constitutes the The emitted high pressure gas passes through the inside of the catalyst cell at high speed, and operates to remove dust and particles adhering to the surface of the catalyst cell.

On the other hand, as an example, the plurality of nozzles arranged linearly on the dust removal spray 222 are driven and moved by the dust removal spray drive motor 23 to configure the catalyst tank 221 while scanning the entire top surface of the catalyst tank 221 The high pressure gas is ejected evenly to all the catalyst cells. For this reason, it is possible to uniformly remove dust and the like adhering to all catalyst cells. The movement start position and movement stop position of the dust removal spray 222 are set by the limit switch 24. When multiple nozzles on a straight line eject high-pressure gas and reach from near the movement start position to near the movement stop position, the limit switch 24 When activated, the plurality of nozzles on a straight line stop near the movement stop position. Thereafter, when the dust removal spray 222 returns from the movement stop position to the movement start position, the limit switch 24 is activated, and the dust removal spray 222 stops at the movement start position. This operation is repeated one or more times until dust and the like attached to all catalyst cells are removed. When the dust removal operation is completed, the valve 25 is closed to stop the supply of high pressure gas to the upper catalyst set 22. Although the upper catalyst set 22 has been described above, the same applies to the lower catalyst set 22 '. That is, the upper stage catalyst set 22 and the lower stage catalyst set 22 'operate independently in parallel.

Further, the catalyst device 113 according to the present embodiment is provided with a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the gas flowing through the catalyst cell, and constantly monitors the clogging state of the catalyst cell constituting the catalyst device 113. It is possible. If the pressure difference exceeds a predetermined value, it is determined that clogging has occurred in the catalyst cell, and it can be used as an alarm signal, but if the pressure difference exceeds a predetermined value, the

dust removal sprays

222 and 222 It may be configured to automatically drive 'to remove dust and the like attached to the catalyst cell. As a result, no clogging occurs in the catalyst device 113, so stable cremation operation is possible.

In the above description, although it is described that the dust removing spray 222 and 222 'is driven after the cremation work of one day is finished and the exhaust gas from the main combustion furnace 11 and the reburning furnace 13 is stopped, the dust removal spray 222 is , 222 'may be driven. In this case, the spray of high pressure gas from the nozzle is directed to the top of the catalyst cell and the periphery of the nozzle and the dust removal spray 222, 222 'so that dust does not adhere to the nozzle and the dust removal spray 222, 222'. You may

In the catalyst device 113 according to the present embodiment, as described above, the catalyst set is configured in multiple stages in series, and the first stage catalyst set (upper stage catalyst set) 22 and the second stage catalyst set (lower stage catalyst Set) 22 'is provided with a dust removal spray 222', and the catalyst set of each stage after the third stage has both configurations with and without the dust removal spray. There is. Due to such features, even when the flow path length of the catalyst cell is long or the number of stages of the catalyst set is large, the flow rate of the high pressure gas flowing through the catalyst cell constituting the downstream catalyst set is high, so the catalyst cell It is characterized in that the dust and the like attached to it can be sufficiently removed.

[Structure of catalyst tank]
Next, the structure of the catalyst tank 221, 221 'according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 3 to FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the catalyst tank 221, 221 '. The catalyst tank 221, 221' according to the present embodiment is configured by arranging the catalyst units 31 repeatedly in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction without gaps in a lattice shape. . Further, by configuring a part of the catalyst unit 31 as the sampling catalyst unit 32 and evaluating this sampling catalyst unit 32, it is possible to evaluate the catalyst performance of the catalyst tank 221, 221 '. In other words, by evaluating the sampling catalyst unit 32 without evaluating all the catalyst units 31, it is possible to estimate the dust adhesion state of the entire catalyst unit and the deterioration state of the catalyst performance, and it is possible Maintenance and replacement of the catalyst unit 31 can be performed, and stable cremation operation is possible.

In FIG. 3, the sampling catalyst unit 32 is disposed substantially at the center of the catalyst tank 221. The reason will be described next. When the exhaust gas from the dust collector 112 described in FIG. 1 is introduced into the upper catalyst set 22, the exhaust gas flows vertically to the upper end face of the catalyst cell 41 shown in FIG. It does not become the same in the cell, and it is considered that the flow velocity is the fastest in the central part. Since the amount of dust and the like attached to and deposited on the catalyst cell 41 increases as the flow velocity of the exhaust gas increases, the sampling catalyst unit 32 is disposed at the center of the catalyst tank 221 (221 ′). If the adhesion state and the deterioration state of the catalyst performance are evaluated, the catalyst unit 31 to which the dust etc. adheres and deposits most among the catalyst units 31 is evaluated. That is, it can be determined that the amount of dust and the like adhering to and deposited on the other catalyst units 31 is smaller than the amount of dust and the like adhering to and deposited on the sampling catalyst unit 32 disposed in the central portion. As a result, the maximum value at which dust and the like in the entire catalyst tank 221 (221 ') adheres and deposits based on the amount of adhesion and deposition of the sampling catalyst unit 32 disposed substantially at the center of the catalyst tank 221 (221'). By calculating and performing maintenance or replacement of the catalyst unit 31 with reference to the calculation result, clogging of all the catalyst units 31 can be prevented. Further, although only the relationship between the amount of dust and the like attached to and deposited on the catalyst unit 31 and the sampling catalyst unit 32 has been described above, the catalyst unit 31 and the sampling catalyst unit 32 are also evaluated in the case of evaluating the deterioration state The relationship with is similar.

Next, the catalyst cell 41 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 (a) is a perspective view of one catalyst unit 31, and FIG. 4 (b) is an enlarged view of a portion indicated by A in FIG. 4 (a). The shape of the catalyst cell 41 is not particularly limited, but can be selected from a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape, a pipe shape, a plate shape, a ribbon shape, a ribbon shape, a corrugated plate shape, a rectangle, a honeycomb shape, etc. It is suitable because it is largely clogged with dust. Further, since the catalyst cell 41 according to the present embodiment has a so-called straight flow structure in which the exhaust gas passes through the catalyst cell 41, dust is less likely to adhere to and deposit on the catalyst surface.

The catalyst cell 41 is also characterized in that the size of the opening of the catalyst cell, that is, the opening is set large in order to prevent clogging. Specifically, the opening is set to 7 mm to 11 mm, and the length of the catalyst cell is increased to 800 mm to 1200 mm, and the surface area of the catalyst per catalyst cell 41 is set large. In addition, all the catalyst units 31 are configured to be attachable to and detachable from the catalyst vessels 221 and 221 'independently.

As a material of the catalyst cell 41, titanium vanadium oxide is suitable, and this material can be used to decompose harmful substances such as dioxins in exhaust gas even in a low temperature range of 160 to 300.degree. In this embodiment, the inlet temperature of the catalytic converter 113 is set to 160 to 200 ° C., and the exhaust gas from the dust collector 112 is allowed to flow directly to the catalytic converter 113 without raising the exhaust gas temperature from the dust collector 112 Disassemble and remove. As the material of the catalyst cell 41, in addition to titanium vanadium oxide, at least one metal oxide selected from vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum, and at least one metal oxide selected from titanium, silicon and zirconium It is also possible to use a compound obtained by supporting at least one of platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium and iridium on the above-mentioned calcined product using a mixed and calcined catalyst. Further, a compound in which at least one of copper, iron, manganese, chromium, cobalt, cerium, and nickel is supported may be used as the above compound. By using these catalyst materials, harmful substances such as dioxins are decomposed into carbon dioxide, water, etc. to render them harmless, and no special secondary treatment is required.

The sampling catalyst unit 32 will now be described with reference to FIG. The structure of the sampling catalyst unit 32 is basically the same as that of the catalyst unit 31 shown in FIG. 4, and the catalyst cells 41 are arranged in a lattice shape without gaps in the sampling catalyst cassette 51. Further, the outer surface of the sampling catalyst cassette 51 is in contact with the inner surface of the fixed cassette 52 fixed to the catalyst tank 221, 221 ', and the outer surface of the sampling catalyst cassette 51 is made the inner surface of the fixed cassette 52 by pulling the handle 53 upward. The sampling catalyst cassette 51 can be taken out by sliding it. Although the structure of the sampling catalyst unit 32 has been described as the same as the catalyst unit 31, the openings of the sampling catalyst unit 32 are larger than those of the catalyst unit 31 so that the dust in the exhaust gas is more easily attached and accumulated. It may be configured to be smaller.

Next, the description of the catalyst tank 221 is continued with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a side view of the catalyst tank 221, wherein 61 indicates an upper grit and 62 indicates a lower grit. The upper grit 61 and the lower grit 62 are grid-like members, and are fixed to the upper and lower portions of the side plate, respectively. When taking out the catalyst unit 31 from the catalyst tank 221 (221 ′), remove the nut (not shown) fixing the upper grit, remove the entire upper grit 61, and move the individual catalyst units 31 upward. Pull out. On the other hand, when taking out the sampling catalyst cassette 51 from the catalyst tank 221 (221 ′), the sampling catalyst cassette 51 can be taken out from the catalyst tank 221 (221 ′) more easily without removing the entire upper grit 61. It is devised. That is, the corresponding part of the sampling catalyst unit 32 of the upper grit 61 is specially configured to be able to open and close, and the openable grit (not shown) provided for the sampling catalyst unit 32 can be opened with one touch. Thus, the sampling catalyst cassette 51 can be easily removed.

[Configuration and operation of dust removing device]
Next, the configuration and operation of the dust removing device 70 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the dust removing device 70 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 8 is a side view of the device 70. In FIG. 7, the exhaust gas from the dust collector 112 flows vertically downward in the drawing with respect to a

catalyst tank

221, 221 ′ (not shown) provided inside the frame 75. Here, 222 is a dust removing spray that ejects high pressure gas such as high pressure air from a plurality of nozzles while sliding in the X direction with respect to the rail 72 at both ends, and 71 is a dust removing spray 222 via a communicating internal space The high pressure gas is supplied to the dust removal spray supporting portion for holding the dust removal sprays 222 together.

Reference numeral 74 denotes a dust removing spray driving device which is mounted on the stage 73 and drives the dust removing spray 222 and the dust removing spray supporting portion 71 in the X direction, and drives the dust removing spray drive motor 23 described in FIG. It is the source. As shown in FIG. 8, the dust removing spray driving device 74 includes a dust removing spray 222 that constitutes the upper catalyst set 22 and a dust removing spray driving device 74A that drives the dust removing spray supporting portion 71, and a lower catalyst set (22 'Has a dust removing spray (222': not shown) constituting a 'not shown' and a dust removing spray driving device 74B for driving a dust removing spray support (71 ': not shown) If there are three or more cassettes, dust removal spray drive devices 74C, 74D,... May be added.

Next, the operation of the dust removing device 70 will be described. After the day's cremation work is completed and the exhaust gases from the main furnace 11 and the refueling furnace 13 shown in FIG. 1 are stopped, the worker operates the drive start button (not shown) of the dust removing device 70 The valve 25 shown in FIG. 2 is opened, and a high pressure gas such as high pressure air is directed downward from the plurality of nozzles provided on the dust removal spray 222 toward the upper surface of the catalyst cell constituting the catalyst tank 221 by the dust removal spray 222 Spout. At the same time, the dust removing spray driving device 74 starts driving, and the dust removing spray 222 and the dust removing spray supporting portion 71 move from the movement start position on the near side toward the back direction. The dust removal spray 222 and the dust removal spray support 71 automatically stop when advancing to the movement stop position set by the limit switches 24 and 24 ', and then automatically eject high pressure gas from the dust removal spray 222 In the forward direction, it automatically stops at the movement start position set by the limit switches 24, 24 '.

As described above, in the dust removing apparatus 70 according to the present embodiment, the plurality of nozzles disposed on a straight line to the dust removing spray 222 scan the entire top surface of the catalyst tank 221 (221 ′) while the catalyst tank Since the high pressure gas is ejected uniformly to all the catalyst cells constituting the catalyst 221, dust, fine particles and the like adhering to all the catalyst cells can be removed uniformly and uniformly.

Assuming that the number of nozzles provided in the dust removal spray 222 according to the present embodiment is N and the pressure of the high pressure gas flowing into the dust removal spray 222 is P, the pressure of the high pressure gas ejected from the nozzles is approximately P / N. In the case of a system in which high pressure gas is ejected from nozzles of N × M (M is the number of dust removing sprays 222 disposed in the X direction) in mesh form without providing a drive mechanism of the dust removing spray 222 temporarily. The ejection pressure from the nozzle is reduced to 1 / M of the ejection pressure according to the present embodiment. In addition, if the pressure from the nozzle is the same as the pressure from the nozzle provided to the dust removal spray 222 according to the present embodiment, the pressure of the high-pressure gas supplied to the dust removal spray 222 must be M times Not only does the dust removing device become larger, but it is difficult to stably maintain high pressure. On the other hand, the dust removal spray 222 according to the present embodiment moves the dust removal spray 222 itself and scans all over the top surface of the catalyst tank 221 (221 ') uniformly while configuring all of the catalyst tank 221 (221'). The above problem is overcome by the method of injecting high pressure gas evenly to the catalyst cell.

11 main burner 12 main burner 13 reburner 14 front room 15 automatic loading device 16 farewell 17 17 18A common flue 18B exhaust duct 18C exhaust gas auxiliary cooling device and emergency exhaust duct 19 power generation system 110 hot air recovery heat exchanger 111 Intake port 112 Dust collector 113 Catalyst device 114 Exhaust fan 115 Exhaust air duct 116 Hot

air recovery path

21A, 21B, 21C Duct 22 Upper catalyst set 22 'Lower catalyst set 221, 21 1' Catalyst tank 222, 222 'Dust removal spray 23, 23' dust Drive motor for removing spray 24, 24 'limit switch 25, 25' valve 31 catalyst unit 32 sampling catalyst unit 41 catalyst cell 51 sampling catalyst cassette 52 fixed cassette 61 upper grit 62 lower grit 70 dust removing device 71 dust removing spray support portion 2 Rails 73

Stages

74, 74A, 74B Drives for Dust Removal Spray 75

Frames

91, 101

Main Combustion Chambers

92, 102 Recombustion Chamber 93 First Stage DeNOx Catalyst Layer 94 Second Stage DeNOx Catalyst Layer 95 Air Preheater 96 Dust Collector 97 Exhaust Fan 103 Gas Cooling area 104 Collection means 105 Catalyst layer 1051 Pre-stage catalyst layer 1052 Post-catalyst layer 111 Honeycomb catalyst 112 DeNOx reaction apparatus 113

Exhaust gas

114, 115 Valve 116 Gas introduction pipe 117 Cleaning water introduction pipe 118 Blowing nozzle

Claims

A combustion furnace for burning the remains,
A dust collector for collecting and treating exhaust gas from the combustion furnace;
A cremation system provided with a catalyst device disposed downstream of the dust collector and purifying exhaust gas,
The catalyst device comprises an upstream catalyst set disposed upstream of the exhaust gas;
And a downstream catalyst set disposed downstream of the upstream catalyst set;
The upstream catalyst set and the downstream catalyst set are each
An upstream dust spray for injecting high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the upstream catalyst set;
And a downstream dust sprayer for injecting the high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the downstream catalyst set.
Spraying the high-pressure gas while moving along the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the upstream catalyst set and the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the downstream catalyst set, respectively; The cremation system of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.
The cremation system according to claim 2, wherein the upstream dust spray and the downstream dust spray slide on rails provided at both ends or one end of the upstream dust spray and the downstream dust spray.
The movement start position and movement stop position of the upstream dust removal spray and the downstream dust spray are set by movement start / stop means, and the upstream dust removal spray and the downstream dust spray move from the movement start position to the movement stop position The cremation system according to any one of claims 2 to 3, wherein the cremation system is automatically stopped when it arrives, and then automatically returned to the movement start position.
The cremation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the upstream dust sprayer and the downstream dust sprayer operates during a cremation operation.
A pressure sensor is provided to measure the pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet of the upstream catalyst set, and an alarm signal is output when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more. The cremation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
A pressure sensor is provided to measure the pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet exhaust gas in the upstream catalyst set, and the upstream dust spray is automatically started when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more. The cremation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:
The upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set is provided with a catalyst unit so as to be removable from the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set, and the catalyst units are arranged in a grid, and the catalyst is configured The shape of the catalyst cell constituting the unit is any one of a honeycomb shape, a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape, a pipe shape, a plate shape, a ribbon shape, a ribbon shape, a corrugated plate shape and a rectangle and has a straight flow structure. The cremation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the opening is 7 mm to 11 mm.
The opening of the first catalyst cell constituting the upstream catalyst set is the same as or larger than the opening of the second catalyst cell constituting the downstream catalyst set. Cremation system.
The upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set is provided with a catalyst unit so as to be removable from the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set, and the catalyst units are arranged in a grid, and the catalyst is configured The cremation system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a part of the unit is configured as a sampling catalyst unit for evaluating the catalytic performance of the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set.
The cremation system according to claim 10, wherein the sampling catalyst unit is disposed at a central portion of the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set.
A grid grit covering the catalyst unit and the sampling catalyst unit is provided on the upstream catalyst set or the downstream catalyst set, and the grid corresponding to the sampling catalyst unit is configured to be openable and closable. The cremation system of Claim 10 or Claim 11.
In the catalyst device, at least one metal oxide selected from titanium vanadium oxide or titanium, silicon, and zirconium and at least one metal oxide selected from vanadium, tungsten, and molybdenum are mixed with the exhaust gas in the catalytic device. 13. The cremation system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises any of the calcined catalysts.
A combustion furnace for burning the remains,
A dust collector for collecting and treating exhaust gas from the combustion furnace;
A cremation method using a cremation system provided downstream of the dust collector and provided with a catalyst device for purifying exhaust gas,
A first step of performing exhaust gas treatment of at least any of denitration, deodorization, and decomposition of dioxins with an upstream catalyst set disposed upstream of the exhaust gas;
A second step of treating the exhaust gas treated in the first step with a downstream catalyst set disposed downstream of the upstream catalyst set;
A third step of injecting high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the upstream catalyst set;
And F. a fourth step of injecting the high pressure gas to remove dust adhering to the downstream catalyst set.
In the third and fourth steps, the high pressure injection means is moved along the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the upstream catalyst set and the upper surface of the catalyst vessel constituting the downstream catalyst set, respectively. The cremation method according to claim 14, wherein the high pressure gas is injected from an injection means.
The cremation method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein at least one of the third step and the fourth step is performed during a cremation operation.
The pressure difference between the exhaust gas at the inlet and the outlet of the exhaust gas in the upstream catalyst set is measured, and an alarm signal is output when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more. The cremation method of description.
The pressure difference between the exhaust gas inlet and outlet exhaust gas in the upstream catalyst set is measured, and when the pressure difference reaches a predetermined value or more, the third step or the fourth step operates automatically. The cremation method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the method is started.