WO2014177742A1

WO2014177742A1 - Endosteal dental implant

Info

Publication number: WO2014177742A1
Application number: PCT/ES2014/070366
Authority: WO
Inventors: Marcela Ridao Dalmau
Original assignee: Marcela Ridao Dalmau
Priority date: 2013-05-02
Filing date: 2014-04-25
Publication date: 2014-11-06
Also published as: ES2418230A1; ES2418230B1

Abstract

The invention relates to an endosteal implant comprising a main body having an external osseointegration surface, a platform for receiving a dental prosthesis and internal screw thread for receiving a retaining screw, characterised in that the main body is formed by at least two parts, namely a first part comprising the osseointegration surface and a second part housed in the first part and comprising the aforementioned screw thread for receiving a retaining screw.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Endogenous Dental Implant The present invention refers to an endogenous dental implant with a mobile anchoring system for the fixation of the prosthesis.

When testing and fixing the prosthesis in oral implantology, the pillars of the dental structure, whether it is a multiple or single type prosthesis, are fixed to the implant, through a retaining screw. The aforementioned retaining screw made of high strength titanium has a necessarily small thread diameter and is excessively fragile for the loads it has to bear for long periods of time. The guarantee and security of the fixation is sometimes difficult to maintain. Reliable statistics regarding the success of this type of short and long term fixation are unknown. However, in the opinion of many professionals, the fracture of the retention screw represents one of the major drawbacks of dental restorations.

Due to the tensions and masticatory stresses, the fracture of one or more screws can occur at any time since the fixation depends on one or several retaining screws of small diameter, so the screws are fragile.

Therefore, this real problem can occur at any time after the placement of the prosthesis. If he patient comes to the specialist as soon as he finds mobility problems of his prosthesis, it is likely that the retention screws are not damaged, and you can proceed to replace the retention screws or simply to screw them back, so that the problem is solved temporarily.

However, the problem is greatly complicated, when the patient comes to the specialist with one or more fractured screws, a circumstance that can happen, as mentioned above at any time after the placement of the prostheses. For obvious reasons, when the fracture of the screws occurs, their threaded spikes are irremissibly and strongly adhered to by the fracture abruptness inside the internal threaded area of the implant, which is why it is very complicated and Sometimes it is impossible to remove them, especially in the posterior areas of the oral cavity where the height between the maxilla and the jaw is low and, therefore, the free space to work is insufficient.

Various methods have been designed to extract the aforementioned broken spikes from the implants, the majority of limited efficiency due to the complexity of the process. The failure of the known methods obliges, unfortunately, to also remove the implant that normally remains in a state of osseointegration, which makes it necessary, among other solutions, to subject the patient to a new surgery that sometimes forces to modify or Build a new prosthesis. In addition to the aforementioned problems, the fracture of the screws that fix the implants can present other problems of a technical nature or cause certain pathologies that may arise in dental implantation treatments due to direct or indirect cause.

In conclusion, the possible fracture of the retention screw presents a serious problem in dental implantation and rehabilitation treatments. It is therefore reasonable to admit that the union of the prosthesis with the implant through a fragile screw is a precarious solution. In oral implantology, giving a solution to the extraction of fractured spikes and replacing the damaged retaining screws is a pending issue.

In order to avoid and solve all the aforementioned problems, the present invention discloses an implant with normal external characteristics for endogenous fixation, but instead the internal body of the implant has a series of innovations capable of providing a definitive and significant solution to the Main issue of fracture of the retaining screws of the prosthesis. More particularly, the present invention comprises an endobony implant, of the type comprising a main body with an outer surface intended for osseointegration, a reception platform for the dental prosthesis and an internal thread for receiving a retaining screw, characterized in that the main body is constituted by at least two pieces, a first piece comprising the osseointegration surface and a second piece housed in the first which comprises said receiving thread of a retention roll.

Preferably, the endoosseous implant is characterized in that the upper part of the main part or body comprises the seating surface of the dental prosthesis.

More preferably said endogenous implant is characterized in that the main part and the second part have complementary shapes.

Even more preferably, the second piece is attached to the main part or body by threading. In an alternative embodiment, also provided for by the present invention, the second part of the endoosseous implant is composed of two sub-pieces joined together, a first sub-part presenting the thread for joining the main part and a second sub-part comprising the thread for the screw retention. The second sub-part is partially inserted into the first sub-part when the retaining screw is threaded into the second sub-part. The present invention provides for a union between both sub-parts, both mechanical and functional.

More preferably, the first sub-part comprises said prosthesis reception platform.

Also preferably, both the first part, in its inner part, and the said second sub-part in its outer part, have polyhedral faces whose purpose is to avoid the relative rotation between the first and the second pieces. In a variant, the two sub-parts of the implant are joined together under pressure, the threading of the retaining screw collaborating in the introduction of a piece inside the other.

In another variant, the two sub-pieces of the implant fit together by means of a series of conjugated recesses and projections that prevent the relative rotation between both sub-pieces.

The implant system with mobile anchorage object of the present invention can be adapted interchangeably to implants of the so-called external or internal prosthetic connection.

The implant object of the present invention can be used interchangeably for fixing single or multiple prostheses (two or more teeth).

The implant system object of the present invention also has the particular feature of blocking the retaining screw with the definitive tightening of the prosthesis, a relevant detail since it is a factor that prevents the possible loosening of the entire rehabilitated structure.

The replacement of the mobile anchor when the retention screw fracture occurs is extremely easy, since when the fracture occurs it is loose in its housing without discomfort or trauma to the patient. The implant system object of the present invention provides the clinician and the patient with great peace of mind about the final result of the implantation task, disappearing the fear that represents the possible fracture of the prosthesis retention screws.

The anchor object of the present invention definitely solves and avoids for possible rehabilitation and consequently for oral implantology a possible and complicated surgical intervention of forced extraction of integrated bone implants.

The implant object of the present invention has in addition to the aforementioned other very important technical surgical advantages, referring to its platform or seat base of the prosthesis. The platform in question can easily be replaced by another exactly the same or different, either external or internal connection, in all situations required, for example, when a hexagon deformation occurs, (when weak connection implants are inserted in the bone with excessive torque) or for any other cause.

The possibility of changing and replacing the platform of the mobile anchoring implant gives this, several added advantages of simplicity and safety for the preparation of prostheses, since it can be mounted and fixed directly in the same location and replacing the aforementioned platform the various pillars and prosthetic attachments to perform any type or system of dental rehabilitation. This new concept of fixing the abutments to the implant, is provided and made possible only by the present invention by providing the implant for the fixation of the prosthesis attachments a double security: the abutment fixed by the thread in the internal body of the replacement implant of the platform, and the retaining screw that crosses the center of the added abutment and is threaded into the movable anchor. The use of implants with mobile anchorage object of the present invention allows establishing a new prosthesis fixation methodology. The new fixation procedure ensures and prevents any rotational movement of the abutment in both left or right directions when the prosthesis is screwed.

In the mobile anchorage implant system, object of the present invention, the implant body, as an independent element of the retention screw fixation, is excluded from the incidents that may occur in relation to the prosthetic elements. Consequently, prosthetic elements can be replaced at any time, without affecting or altering the osseointegration process. As mentioned above, the internal mobile stem implant object of the present invention is an endogenous implant formed by two complementary and strongly joined parts. They differ advantageously from the implants that are currently used, which are formed by a single piece. The main body of the implant object of the present invention has a threaded external area intended for fixation and retention in the bone or more precisely the osseointegration in the jaw or jaw of the operated patient.

The aforementioned main body of the implant in its internal area preferably has at least two housings, one of the housings serves to introduce the replaceable and easily replaceable anti-irritable mobile anchor in case of fracture of the prosthesis fixation screw.

An additional piece, called a platform that is used to fix prosthetic rehabilitation, is preferably or permanently attached to the implant body.

For better understanding, there are attached, by way of explanatory but not limitative example, drawings of an embodiment of the mobile endosseous dental implant of the present invention.

The figural shows a longitudinal section of a first implant embodiment according to the present invention.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a first piece of the main implant body corresponding to the first embodiment. Figure 3 shows an elevation view of a second part of the main implant body corresponding to said first embodiment. Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the present invention in which the second part of the main body is constituted by two sub-pieces that fit by the mobility of the anchor when the retaining screw is threaded.

Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the main body of said second embodiment, with the mobile anchor released.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of one of the sub-pieces that form the second part in the second embodiment. Figure 7 shows an elevational view showing a first alternative embodiment of the second part of the main body in which the two sub-pieces are joined together by conjugate inlet and protrusion. Figure 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a first alternative embodiment of the second main body part, which has a conical through hole. In Figures 1 to 3 an endogenous implant formed by a main body consisting of two pieces -2-, -4- can be observed. A first piece -2- comprises the osseointegration surface with its corresponding external thread -21- of known type and which serves for the fixation and retention of the implant in the jaw bone or jaw of the patient. The second piece -4- is inserted in the first -2- and has a thread inside -49- conjugated with the thread -39- of the screw retention -3-. The prosthetic abutment -1- is located on the implant, which sits by an outer area on the upper surface of the first piece -2- of the main body, by an inner area on the hexagonal head -41- of the second piece -4 - of the main body, being fixed by the head of the retaining screw -3-.

Said first piece -2- has a hole, in this case not through, for receiving the second piece -4-. At the mouth of the hole, the first piece -2- has a seat -23- to receive a spoiler -43- corresponding to the second piece -4-. Likewise, said hole of the first piece -2- has a thread -22- conjugated with a corresponding thread -42- of the second piece -4-. The hole has three zones of decreasing diameters, a first zone with the thread -24-, a second cylindrical zone of smooth walls -25-, of smaller diameter than the previous one, and a third zone -26-, also cylindrical, of smaller diameter than -25-. The staggering -234- between zone -24- and zone -25-, as well as staggering -245- located between zone -25- and -26-, are used for guiding and centering the second piece -4 -. The said second piece -4- (see figure 3) has, as indicated, a polygonal head -41- for its tightening and / or adjustment, followed by a seat spoiler -43- in the first piece -2 -, a thread -42- of connection to the first piece, a first zone -44- which in this case is cylindrical, followed by a second zone -46- equally cylindrical but smaller in diameter, in turn followed by a third zone -48- also cylindrical and even smaller in diameter. Among the areas mentioned -44-, -46- and -48-, the corresponding transition zones -45- and -47- are located, which, in this case, have an inverted truncated conical shape. Figures 4 to 6 show a second embodiment of the present invention.

In said figures, the same or similar elements to those of the example shown above have been identified with identical numerals to those of the previous example, so they will not be described in depth.

In the embodiment shown, the second piece is divided into two independent pieces, one upper -6-, and another lower -5-. The upper part -6- comprises the thread -42- for joining the first part -2- and the spoiler -43-, while the lower part -5- comprises the internal thread -49- for connecting with the retaining screw -3-. The lower part -5- of this second embodiment has a polyhedral outer face -46- and an internal thread -49- and finally a polyhedral upper fixing area, -55- or in other ways. The polygonal head -41-, located in the upper area, is used to introduce and join solidarity, preferably or permanently, the upper sub-part -6- to the implant body forming a single body.

The outer diameter of the lower sub-part -5- and the internal diameter of the lower part -62- of the upper sub-part -6- have dimensional interference, that is, they are sized in such a way that the lower sub-part -5- enter the lower area -62- of the upper sub-part by tightening.

Threading the retaining screw -3- causes an ascent movement -A- in the lower part that locks it and prevents it from turning.

For this purpose, and as seen in Figure 6, the lower sub-part has a first external face -46- with a polyhedral shape and a second external face that alternates vertically the cylindrical zones -48- with flat areas -48 '-.

The operation of the system occurs in the following way: by the rotating tightening action of the retaining screw -3- responsible for temporarily or permanently fixing the prosthesis, the lower sub-part -5- moves longitudinally towards the locking area of the upper subpiece -6- anchoring. The polyhedral face -46- prevents any micromotion of the upper sub-part -6- or platform.

By turning the screw in reverse the lower sub-part 5 separates the internal anchor of the upper sub part 6 by releasing it. In this way, the upper sub-6- or platform of the implant body can be removed first, and then the lower sub-5- or mobile anchor can be removed. In case of fracture of the prosthetic retaining screw, it will be accompanied by the fractured spike and can be replaced by another movable anchor. Figure 7 shows another exemplary embodiment of the second part object of the present invention. In this embodiment, the two sub-pieces fit together or are released from each other by means of conjugated recesses or projections that prevent rotation in the two directions of rotation when the retaining screw is threaded.

In Figure 7, elements equal or similar to those shown in the previous examples have been identified with identical numerals, so they will not be explained in depth.

As can be seen, the second piece of figure 7 is also formed by two independent sub-pieces -5-, -6-. However, the connection between said sub-pieces is not carried out by pressure tightening or dimensional interference but by seat or shape interference. In both cases the anchor is activated by the tapping action of the retaining screw.

For this, the lower area -44- of the upper sub-part -6- and the upper area -51- of the lower sub-part have complementary surfaces -56-, -65- with recesses and projections. These incoming and outgoing, in the example, have a triangular shape, but could have a quadrangular shape or any other.

Figure 8 shows a variant embodiment of the example shown in Figures 4 to 6. In this embodiment, the two sub-pieces that form the second piece are joined or released by the action of the conjunction of conical surfaces when they move longitudinally when threaded / unscrew the retaining screw. In the Figure 8 shows that the through hole -61- of the upper sub-part 6 of the second piece has a conical surface -68- whose largest transverse diameter is located in the reception area of the lower sub-part -5-. The lower sub-part also has a conical shape in its upper sub-part to facilitate penetration. In this way, the dimensional interference increases as one sub-part is introduced into another, it is not necessary that there is dimensional interference between the outer diameter of the lower sub-part at its upper point with the inner diameter of the through hole -61- of the upper part in its lower subpart. It would also be possible that the lower sub-part 5 did not have a conical shape.

As can be seen, in all the examples shown, the main body with the integration thread and a part with the thread of the retaining screw are part of independent components, which are joined by tightening the retaining screw, contributing to the union and fixing both its shape characteristics (polyhedral surface) and, where appropriate, dimensional.

While the examples shown are those referred to as external prosthetic joints, it is clear that the invention can be adapted for internal prosthetic joint implants. For example, in the examples in Figures 4 to 8, the upper sub-part could be adapted and its thread used as a prosthetic connection element. While the invention has been described with respect to examples of preferred embodiments, these should not be construed as limiting the invention, which will be defined by the broader interpretation of the following claims.

Claims

1. Endo-dental dental implant, of the type comprising a main body with an outer osseointegration surface, a dental prosthesis reception platform and an internal thread for receiving a retention screw, characterized in that the main body is constituted by at least two pieces, a first piece comprising the osseointegration surface and a second piece housed in the first one comprising said receiving thread of a retaining screw.

2. Endo-osseous implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the main part comprises the seating surface of the dental prosthesis.

3. Implant according to any of claims 1 or

2, characterized in that the main piece and the second piece have complementary shapes.

4. Implant according to any of claims 1 to

3, characterized in that the second part is joined to the main part by means of threading.

5. Implant according to any of claims 1 to

4, characterized in that the second part is composed of two sub-pieces joined together, a first sub-part presenting the thread for joining the main part and a second sub-part comprising the thread for the retaining screw.

6. Implant according to claim 5, characterized in that the second sub-part is partially inserted into the first sub-part when the retaining screw is threaded into the second sub-part.

7. Implant according to claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the first sub-part comprises said prosthesis reception platform.

8. Implant according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that both the first part, in its inner part, and said second sub-part in its outer part, have polyhedral faces whose purpose is to prevent the relative rotation between the First and second pieces.

9. Implant according to any of claims 4, and 5 to 8, characterized in that said first and second pieces are joined together under pressure, the threading of the retaining screw collaborating in the introduction of a piece inside the other .

10. Implant according to claim 9, characterized in that the first sub-part has a conical through hole and the second sub-part has a conical top finish to be introduced into said hole of the first piece, both sub-pieces being locked.

11. Implant according to claim 5, characterized in that said first and second sub-pieces fit together by means of a series of conjugated entrances and projections that prevent the relative rotation between both sub-parts.

12. Implant according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is an external prosthetic connection implant.

13. Implant according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is an internal prosthetic connection implant.