WO2014176952A1 - 煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法 - Google Patents

煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014176952A1
WO2014176952A1 PCT/CN2014/074086 CN2014074086W WO2014176952A1 WO 2014176952 A1 WO2014176952 A1 WO 2014176952A1 CN 2014074086 W CN2014074086 W CN 2014074086W WO 2014176952 A1 WO2014176952 A1 WO 2014176952A1
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risk
area
pressure
impact
coal
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French (fr)
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牟宗龙
窦林名
巩思园
王浩
刘振江
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C39/00Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coal mine pressure and prediction method, in particular to a method for predicting the classification and classification of underground mine rock burst.
  • the research on impact rock pressure mainly focuses on three research areas, one is the research on the mechanism of impact rock pressure (rock burst); the other is the research on the risk assessment, monitoring and forecasting technology of rock pressure; the third is the impact mine pressure.
  • the prevention and control measures can be formulated and taken in advance to reduce the risk of impact ore pressure to a certain extent, but the mining area is usually large. Different locations have different levels of impact ore pressure risk. It is difficult to determine the location of the impact rock pressure. Therefore, detailed zoning prediction of large-scale mining areas must be carried out based on the comprehensive index method analysis. According to the superposition effect of one or more impact ore risk factors in different sub-areas, determining the impact ore hazard level of different sub-areas can greatly improve the pertinence and accuracy of the impact of mine impact risk prediction, and make the impact mine pressure disaster Monitoring and governance are targeted.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the grading and grading of underground mine impact rock pressure, which solves the problem that the area of coal mining area is large, and the risk of impact rock pressure is different in different sections, and the location where the impact rock pressure occurs is difficult to determine. .
  • the prediction method integrates faults, coal seam dip angle changes, coal seam erosion, layer or thickness change regions, roof and floor lithology changes, coal pillars left by upper protective layer mining, and pre-support pressure factors of working faces
  • the superimposed influence, for the mining area with the impact of mine pressure risk by the comprehensive index method, the risk of impact rock pressure in different sections is set to four levels, namely minor dangerous area, general dangerous area, medium dangerous area and serious danger District, by analyzing the superimposed influences of regional impact factors of multiple impact ore pressures, determine the different levels of impact rock pressure risk in different mining sections, and predict the classification of the mining area, and guide the anti-shoot according to the classification prediction results.
  • zoning grading prediction For a given mining area that is assessed to be at risk of impact rock pressure, a comprehensive indexing method for zoning grading prediction consists of the following steps:
  • the regional factors include: (1) near the fault with a drop of more than 3m and less than 10m; (2) near the fold of the coal seam drastic change (greater than 15°); (3) part of the coal seam erosion, layer or thickness change (4) The lithology of the top and bottom plates; (5) Below the coal pillars left by the upper protective layer; (6) Near the fault or fault group with a drop greater than 10 m; (7) The working face propelled to the goaf is close (8) "Knife handle" shape and other irregular working faces or open faces of multiple working faces and areas where the stop line is not aligned; (9) Near the intersection of the roadway; (10) Leave the width not Reasonable coal pillar area along the roadway; (11) Working face ahead supporting pressure zone; (12) Near the initial pressure position of the old roof; (13) "Square" area of the working face goaf; (14) Retaining coal area (15) Excavation disturbance zone; These 15 factors have different regional influence laws on the degree of impact rock pressure risk.
  • the superimposed influence of the plurality of factors is that a plurality of regional influence factors have a superimposed influence on the risk of impact ore pressure.
  • a plurality of "severe" grade superpositions or “severe” grades are superimposed with other grade influencing factors, the section or The location is ultimately rated as “severe”; when there is a "medium” rating superimposed with one or more "general” rating factors, the location or location is eventually rated “medium”; when there are 2 or more
  • the "medium” level influence factor is superimposed, the lot or location is finally determined to be “serious” level; when there are 2 or more "general” level influence factors superimposed, the lot or place is finally determined to be "normal” or “medium”. grade.
  • the targeted measures for impact rock pressure prevention are adopted.
  • the pre-depressurization method should be used to relieve the danger and strengthen the anti-shock management before the working face is recovered.
  • targeted prevention measures are taken.
  • the beneficial effect is that, by adopting the above scheme, by analyzing the superposition effects of the influencing factors of multiple impact mine pressures, the multiple impact ore pressure factors in different sections of the mining area are superimposed, and the large-area area can be divided into small sections in detail.
  • To determine the different levels of impact ore hazard in different mining sections and propose a method for predicting the grading of mines, mining areas, working faces or roadway impacts, and determine the risk of impact ore pressure in each section, which can prevent The rushing measures are more targeted, improve the monitoring and prevention level of the impact rock pressure, and at the same time avoid the high cost brought by the large-area anti-shock measures to guide the impact prediction, monitoring and treatment of the impact mine pressure.
  • the problem of the present invention is solved by solving the problem that the area of coal mining is large, the risk of impact ore pressure is different in different sections, and the location where the impact pressure occurs is difficult to determine.
  • the present invention divides a large-scale area into more specific and clear small-scale sections for prediction, so that the anti-shock work is more targeted and targeted than the conventional one, and can save a lot of anti-shock costs while at the same time
  • the superposition effect of multiple factors in a small range is considered comprehensively.
  • the present invention improves the scientificity and accuracy of the prediction of the impact pressure risk.
  • Example 1 The prediction method integrates faults, coal seam dip angle changes, coal seam erosion, stratified or thickness variation areas, lithology changes in the top and bottom floors, coal pillars left over from the upper protective layer, and superimposed influences on the supporting pressure of the working face.
  • the comprehensive index method is used to analyze the mining area with the risk of rock burst.
  • the risk of impact ore pressure in different sections is set to four levels, namely minor dangerous area, general dangerous area, medium dangerous area and serious dangerous area.
  • a given assessment is a mining area with a risk of impact ore pressure, a comprehensive index method for zoning grading prediction, which includes the following steps:
  • the regional factors include: (1) near the fault with a drop of more than 3m and less than 10m; (2) near the fold of the coal seam drastic change (greater than 15°); (3) part of the coal seam erosion, layer or thickness change (4) The lithology of the top and bottom plates; (5) Below the coal pillars left by the upper protective layer; (6) Near the fault or fault group with a drop greater than 10 m; (7) The working face propelled to the goaf is close (8) "Knife handle" shape and other irregular working faces or open faces of multiple working faces and areas where the stop line is not aligned; (9) Near the intersection of the roadway; (10) Leave the width not Reasonable coal pillar area along the roadway; (11) Working face ahead supporting pressure zone; (12) Near the initial pressure position of the old roof; (13) "Square" area of the working face goaf; (14) Retaining coal area (15) Excavation disturbance zone; These 15 factors have different regional influence laws on the degree of impact rock pressure risk.
  • the superimposed influence of the plurality of factors is that a plurality of regional influence factors have a superimposed influence on the risk of impact ore pressure.
  • a plurality of "severe" grade superpositions or “severe” grades are superimposed with other grade influencing factors, the section or The location is ultimately rated as “severe”; when there is a "medium” rating superimposed with one or more "general” rating factors, the location or location is eventually rated “medium”; when there are 2 or more
  • the "medium” level influence factor is superimposed, the lot or location is finally determined to be “serious” level; when there are 2 or more "general” level influence factors superimposed, the lot or place is finally determined to be "normal” or “medium”. grade.
  • the targeted measures for impact rock pressure prevention are adopted.
  • the pre-depressurization method should be used to relieve the danger and strengthen the anti-shock management before the working face is recovered.
  • targeted prevention measures are taken.
  • the influence law of faults with drop difference greater than 3m and less than 10m 20m range is a serious danger zone, 20m ⁇ 50m is a medium danger zone; (2) Coal seam dip angle change (greater than 15°) The influence of folds: 10m before and after The scope is medium-risk area; (3) The influence law of coal seam erosion, layering or thickness variation: 10m before and after is a serious danger zone, and the range of 10m ⁇ 20m is medium-risk zone; (4) The lithology of the top and bottom floors
  • the law of influence The range of 50m before and after is a serious danger zone, and the range of 50m ⁇ 100m before and after is the general danger zone; (5)
  • the influence law of the working face propelled to the goaf in the vicinity of the goaf a dangerous danger zone within 50m of the gob area, close to The empty area is a medium-risk area within the range of 50m ⁇ 100m, and it is a general dangerous area within the range of 100m ⁇ 200m near the gob;
  • Open cut and stop of irregular working face or multiple working faces such as "knife handle” The influence law of the line misalignment and other areas: The 20m range around the corner coal pillar is a serious danger zone; (9) The influence law near the intersection of the roadway: The 20m range before and after the intersection of the "four corners” is a serious danger zone, and the range of 20m before and after the "triangle" crossing It is a medium-risk area; (10) The influence law of the coal pillar area along the roadway: The section coal pillar width is 6m ⁇ D ⁇ 10m, which is a general danger zone.
  • section coal pillar width When the section coal pillar width is 10m ⁇ D ⁇ 30m, it is a serious danger zone. When the section coal pillar width is 30m ⁇ D ⁇ 50m, it is a medium danger zone; (11) The influence law of the working face leading bearing pressure zone: The coal seam wall 50m ahead of the working face is a serious dangerous zone, and the working face coal wall is 50m ⁇ 100 ahead. The scope is medium-risk area, and the working face coal wall is 100-150 in the general dangerous area; (12) The influence law near the initial pressure position of the old roof: the medium-risk area in the range of 20m before and after; (13) The working face is empty The influence law of the district "square" area: simple work The 50m range before and after the initial "seeing" is a serious dangerous area.
  • the 50m range before and after the initial "seeing" of multiple working faces is a serious dangerous area.
  • the single or multiple working surface period "square" is 20m before and after the middle dangerous area;
  • the influence law of the bottom coal area is: the general danger zone when the bottom coal thickness is 0m ⁇ M ⁇ lm, the medium danger zone when the bottom coal thickness lm ⁇ M ⁇ 2m, and the serious danger zone when the bottom coal thickness is more than 2m; (15) Mining The disturbed area is a severely dangerous area. 3.
  • the influence law of the bottom coal area is: the general danger zone when the bottom coal thickness is 0m ⁇ M ⁇ lm, the medium danger zone when the bottom coal thickness lm ⁇ M ⁇ 2m, and the serious danger zone when the bottom coal thickness is more than 2m;
  • Mining The disturbed area is a severely dangerous area. 3.
  • the multi-factor superposition method and the comprehensive index method are needed together, that is, the comprehensive index method is first used to evaluate the risk and magnitude of the impact ore pressure in a large area, and the evaluation is carried out by the comprehensive index method.
  • the comprehensive index method is first used to evaluate the risk and magnitude of the impact ore pressure in a large area, and the evaluation is carried out by the comprehensive index method.
  • the comprehensive index method is first used to evaluate the risk and magnitude of the impact ore pressure in a large area, and the evaluation is carried out by the comprehensive index method.
  • the comprehensive index method is first used to evaluate the risk and magnitude of the impact ore pressure in a large area, and the evaluation is carried out by the comprehensive index method.
  • the comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the overall impact rock pressure hazard level and status of the area.
  • the mining area that has been assessed as a Class A non-impact mine pressure hazard can be produced normally without further zoning. Prediction;
  • the area that has been assessed as having a risk of impact ore pressure is implemented in the second step, using a multi-factor superposition method for detailed zoning grading prediction.
  • the impact factors of the impact rock pressure in the mining area are analyzed, including the impact of each factor.
  • Scope and degree of influence predict the risk of impact ore pressure of each segment according to the principle of multi-factor superposition effect, and calibrate the number of impact factors of impact rock pressure, the extent of influence and the degree of influence after superposition on the plan of the mining project. Finally, according to the determined degree and area of different impact mine pressure dangers, targeted anti-shock measures are taken.
  • a mining area with a C-level impact pressure hazard is determined by a comprehensive mine index method.
  • the multi-factor superposition method is used to predict the zoning.
  • the working face exists as follows: the width of the coal pillar along the side of the goaf is 6m, and there is a fault with a drop of more than 3m and less than 10m.
  • the track lane has a coal seam bifurcation section and a top floor lithology change section.
  • Top floor lithology The bottom section of the chemical section has a thickness of l ⁇ 2m.
  • the width of the coal pillar along the empty coal is 6m, so the roadway is all defined as a general danger zone.
  • the drop is more than 3m, and the range of 20m before and after the fault is determined as a serious danger zone, 20m ⁇ 50m.
  • the scope is a medium-risk area, and the roadway will experience the initial pressure of the roof during the mining process (medium impact), the initial "square" of the single working face (severe) and the initial "square” of the double working face (severe)
  • the influence of the superposition effect of multiple factors can be seen that the serious dangerous area within 20m before and after the fault is superimposed with the general dangerous area of 6m wide coal pillar, and the superposition result is a serious dangerous area, the range of 20m ⁇ 50m of fault
  • the medium-risk area is superimposed with the general dangerous area of 6m wide coal pillars.
  • the result is a medium-risk area.
  • the final classification prediction results for the transportation lane are: 3 severe danger zones, 2 medium-risk zones, and the rest are general danger zone.
  • the results of the partitioned grading prediction of the working face are shown in Fig. 1.
  • the pre-decompression method should be used to relieve the danger and strengthen the anti-shock management before the working face is recovered.
  • the targeted results are taken according to the monitoring results during the mining process. Control measures.
  • For the front bearing pressure zone of the working face due to its dynamic change, it should be combined with the analysis of the working face and other factors to take pre-pressure relief and emergency measures.
  • the working surface of W 7 propelled to the goaf is close to the gob area within the range of 50m ⁇ 100m and moderately close to the gob area within the range of 100m ⁇ 200m.
  • Irregular work surface such as "knife handle” or
  • the above is a general zoning grading prediction method. In special cases, it should be determined according to actual conditions after technical, theoretical analysis or expert argumentation.

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Abstract

一种煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法,属于煤矿冲击矿压预测方法。该预测方法综合断层、煤层倾角变化、煤层侵蚀、合层或厚度变化区域、顶底板岩性变化、上保护层开采遗留的煤柱、工作面超前支承压力因素的叠加影响,针对经综合指数法分析具有冲击矿压危险的采区,将不同地段的冲击矿压危险程度定为4个级别,分别为轻微危险区、一般危险区、中等危险区和严重危险区,通过分析多个冲击矿压区域性影响因素的叠加影响作用,确定不同开采地段所具有的不同冲击矿压危险程度,对开采区域进行分区分级预测,可根据分区分级预测结果,指导防冲措施的实施。

Description

煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤矿矿压和预测方法, 特别是一种煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测 方法。
背景技术
随着我国矿井开采深度及开采范围的逐渐加大, 以冲击矿压为代表的煤岩动力灾害 越来越严重, 这种动力灾害将聚积在煤岩体中的弹性能量以突然、 急剧、 猛烈的形式释 放, 造成煤岩体震动破坏, 动力将煤岩抛向井巷, 发出强烈声响, 造成支架与设备、 井 巷的破坏和人员的伤亡等, 冲击矿压具有突发性的特点, 常常难以提前预知其发生的时 间和地点。 目前对于冲击矿压的研究主要集中在三个研究方面, 一是冲击矿压 (岩爆) 发生机理的研究; 二是冲击矿压危险评估、 监测与预测预报技术的研究; 三是冲击矿压 治理措施的研究。 其中, 冲击矿压发生的机理是预测预报和采取防治措施的基础, 而危 险评估、 监测与预测预报则是防治灾害发生的关键环节。
虽然在经过综合指数法确定某开采区域宏观整体具有某种等级的冲击矿压危险后, 可以提前制定和采取防治对策, 在一定程度上降低冲击矿压危险, 但由于开采区域范围 通常都很大, 不同的地段具有的冲击矿压危险程度也不一样, 冲击矿压发生的地点很难 确定, 因此还必须在综合指数法分析的基础上, 对大范围的开采区域进行详细的分区预 测, 并根据不同分区所受到的一个或多个冲击矿压危险因素的叠加影响, 确定不同分区 的冲击矿压危险等级, 可以大为提高冲击矿压危险预测的针对性和准确率, 使冲击矿压 灾害的监测和治理做到有的放矢。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法, 解决煤矿开采区 域范围大, 不同的地段具有的冲击矿压危险程度不一样, 冲击矿压发生的地点很难确定 的问题。
本发明的目的是这样实现的: 该预测方法综合断层、 煤层倾角变化、 煤层侵蚀、 合 层或厚度变化区域、 顶底板岩性变化、 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱、 工作面超前支承压力 因素的叠加影响, 针对经综合指数法分析具有冲击矿压危险的采区, 将不同地段的冲击 矿压危险程度定为 4个级别,分别为轻微危险区、一般危险区、中等危险区和严重危险区, 通过分析多个冲击矿压区域性影响因素的叠加影响作用, 确定不同开采地段所具有的不 同冲击矿压危险程度, 对开采区域进行分区分级预测, 可根据分区分级预测结果, 指导 防冲措施的实施;
对于给定的某一评估为具有冲击矿压危险的开采区域, 一种分区分级预测的综合指 数法, 包含下述步骤:
( 1 ) 分析各个区域性影响因素的分布情况, 确定各自的影响范围及程度; (2)确定各个地段的多个因素叠加影响, 综合确定不同分段的范围及冲击矿压危险 程度, 进行冲击矿压危险程度的分区分级预测;
( 3 )将分区分级预测结果标定于采掘工程平面图上,并用不同图例或颜色进行标识;
(4) 根据分区分级预测结果, 采取有针对性的冲击矿压防治措施。
所述的区域性因素影响包括: (1 ) 落差大于 3m、 小于 10m的断层附近; (2 ) 煤层 倾角剧烈变化 (大于 15° ) 的褶曲附近; (3 ) 煤层侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化部分; (4) 顶 底板岩性变化地段; (5 ) 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱下方; (6 ) 落差大于 10m的断层或 断层群附近; (7 ) 向采空区推进的工作面在接近采空区时; (8 ) "刀把"形等不规则工 作面或多个工作面的开切眼及停采线不对齐等区域; (9)巷道交叉区域附近; (10) 留 设宽度不合理的沿空巷道煤柱区; (11 ) 工作面超前支承压力区; (12) 老顶初次来压 位置附近; (13 ) 工作面采空区"见方"区域; (14) 留底煤区域; (15 ) 采掘扰动区域; 这 15个因素分别具有各自不同的对冲击矿压危险程度的区域性影响规律。
所述的多个因素叠加影响, 是多个区域性影响因素对冲击矿压危险性有叠加影响, 当多个"严重"等级叠加或"严重"等级与其它等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终定 为"严重"等级; 当有 1个"中等"等级与 1个或多个"一般"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地 点最终定为"中等"等级; 当有 2个及以上"中等"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终 定为"严重"等级; 当有 2个及以上"一般"等级影响因素叠加时,该地段或地点最终定为"一 般"或"中等"等级。
所述的采取有针对性的冲击矿压防治措施, 对于严重和中等危险区应在工作面回采 前采用预卸压方式提前解危并加强防冲管理, 对于一般和轻微危险区, 在回采过程中根 据监测结果采取有针对性的防治措施。
有益效果, 由于采用了上述方案, 通过分析多个冲击矿压影响因素的叠加影响作用, 分析开采区域不同地段的多个冲击矿压因素相互叠加作用, 可将大范围的区域详细划分 为小段区域, 详细确定不同开采地段所具有的不同冲击矿压危险等级, 提出一种矿井、 采区、 工作面或巷道冲击矿压分区分级预测方法, 并确定各个地段的冲击矿压危险程度, 可以使防冲措施更加具有针对性, 提高冲击矿压的监测和防治水平, 同时在一定程度上 避免大面积采取防冲措施所带来的高成本, 用于指导冲击矿压危险预测、 监测和治理工 作。 解决了煤矿开采区域范围大, 不同的地段具有的冲击矿压危险程度不一样, 冲击矿 压发生的地点很难确定的问题, 达到了本发明的目的。
优点:本发明将某一大范围区域划分为更加具体明确的小范围区段进行预测的做法, 使得防冲工作比传统做法更加具有针对性和有的放矢, 并可节约大量防冲成本, 同时在 分区分级预测中, 综合考虑了小范围内多个因素的叠加影响, 相比以往只考虑一个或几 个因素单独影响的做法, 本发明提高了冲击矿压危险预测的科学性和准确性。
附图说明 图 1为本发明的工作面冲击矿压分区分级预测结果平面图。
具体实施方式
实施例 1 : 该预测方法综合断层、 煤层倾角变化、 煤层侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化区域、 顶底板岩性变化、 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱、 工作面超前支承压力因素的叠加影响, 针 对经综合指数法分析具有冲击矿压危险的采区,将不同地段的冲击矿压危险程度定为 4个 级别, 分别为轻微危险区、 一般危险区、 中等危险区和严重危险区, 通过分析多个冲击 矿压区域性影响因素的叠加影响作用, 确定不同开采地段所具有的不同冲击矿压危险程 度, 对开采区域进行分区分级预测, 可根据分区分级预测结果, 指导防冲措施的实施; 对于给定的某一评估为具有冲击矿压危险的开采区域, 一种分区分级预测的综合指 数法, 包含下述步骤:
( 1 ) 分析各个区域性影响因素的分布情况, 确定各自的影响范围及程度;
(2)确定各个地段的多个因素叠加影响, 综合确定不同分段的范围及冲击矿压危险 程度, 进行冲击矿压危险程度的分区分级预测;
( 3 )将分区分级预测结果标定于采掘工程平面图上,并用不同图例和颜色进行标识;
(4) 根据分区分级预测结果, 采取有针对性的冲击矿压防治措施。
所述的区域性因素影响包括: (1 ) 落差大于 3m、 小于 10m的断层附近; (2 ) 煤层 倾角剧烈变化 (大于 15° ) 的褶曲附近; (3 ) 煤层侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化部分; (4) 顶 底板岩性变化地段; (5 ) 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱下方; (6 ) 落差大于 10m的断层或 断层群附近; (7 ) 向采空区推进的工作面在接近采空区时; (8 ) "刀把"形等不规则工 作面或多个工作面的开切眼及停采线不对齐等区域; (9)巷道交叉区域附近; (10) 留 设宽度不合理的沿空巷道煤柱区; (11 ) 工作面超前支承压力区; (12) 老顶初次来压 位置附近; (13 ) 工作面采空区"见方"区域; (14) 留底煤区域; (15 ) 采掘扰动区域; 这 15个因素分别具有各自不同的对冲击矿压危险程度的区域性影响规律。
所述的多个因素叠加影响, 是多个区域性影响因素对冲击矿压危险性有叠加影响, 当多个"严重"等级叠加或"严重"等级与其它等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终定 为"严重"等级; 当有 1个"中等"等级与 1个或多个"一般"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地 点最终定为"中等"等级; 当有 2个及以上"中等"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终 定为"严重"等级; 当有 2个及以上"一般"等级影响因素叠加时,该地段或地点最终定为"一 般"或"中等"等级。
所述的采取有针对性的冲击矿压防治措施, 对于严重和中等危险区应在工作面回采 前采用预卸压方式提前解危并加强防冲管理, 对于一般和轻微危险区, 在回采过程中根 据监测结果采取有针对性的防治措施。
1、 冲击矿压多发区域的确定 根据相关科学研究和对大量冲击矿压事故的统计分析, 结果表明, 冲击矿压多发生 于以下因素的影响区域: (1 ) 落差大于 3m、 小于 10m的断层附近; (2) 煤层倾角剧烈 变化 (大于 15° ) 的褶曲附近; (3 ) 煤层侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化部分; (4) 顶底板岩性 变化地段; (5 ) 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱下方; (6 ) 落差大于 10m的断层或断层群附 近; (7 ) 向采空区推进的工作面在接近采空区时; (8 ) "刀把 "形等不规则工作面或多 个工作面的开切眼及停采线不对齐等区域; (9)巷道交叉区域附近; (10) 留设宽度不 合理的沿空巷道煤柱区; (11 ) 工作面超前支承压力区; (12)老顶初次来压位置附近; ( 13 ) 工作面采空区"见方"区域; (14 ) 留底煤区域; (15 ) 采掘扰动区域, 这些区域 的应力集中程度往往较一般区域的要高, 从而导致冲击矿压发生频率和强度高于其它区 域。
2、 各因素影响冲击矿压危险程度的区域性分布规律
下面对各个因素影响区域的冲击矿压危险程度进行划分。 (1 ) 落差大于 3m、 小于 10m的断层影响规律: 前后 20m范围为严重危险区, 20m~50m范围为中等危险区; (2) 煤层倾角剧烈变化(大于 15° ) 的褶曲影响规律: 前后 10m范围为中等危险区; (3 )煤层 侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化部分的影响规律: 前后 10m范围为严重危险区, 前后 10m~20m范 围为中等危险区; (4) 顶底板岩性变化地段的影响规律: 前后 50m范围为严重危险区, 前后 50m〜100m范围为一般危险区; (5 )上保护层开采遗留的煤柱下方的影响规律: 煤 柱下方及距离煤柱水平距离 30m范围为严重危险区, 距离煤柱水平距离 30m~60m范围为 中等危险区; (6) 落差大于 10m的断层或断层群附近的影响规律: 距离断层 30m范围为 严重危险区, 距离断层 30m~50m范围为中等危险区; (7) 向采空区推进的工作面在接近 采空区时的影响规律: 接近采空区 50m范围内为严重危险区, 接近采空区 50m~100m范围 内为中等危险区, 接近采空区 100m~200m范围内为一般危险区; (8 ) "刀把 "形等不规则 工作面或多个工作面的开切眼及停采线不对齐等区域的影响规律: 拐角煤柱前后 20m范 围为严重危险区; (9 ) 巷道交叉区域附近的影响规律: "四角 "交叉前后 20m范围为严重 危险区, "三角"交叉前后 20m范围为中等危险区; (10)沿空巷道煤柱区的影响规律: 区 段煤柱宽 6m<D< 10m时为一般危险区, 区段煤柱宽 10m≤D≤30m时为严重危险区, 区段 煤柱宽 30m<D≤50m时为中等危险区; (11 ) 工作面超前支承压力区的影响规律: 工作 面煤壁超前 50m范围为严重危险区, 工作面煤壁超前 50 m~100范围为中等危险区, 工作 面煤壁超前 100 m~150范围为一般危险区; (12)老顶初次来压位置附近的影响规律: 前 后 20m范围为中等危险区; (13 )工作面采空区 "见方 "区域的影响规律: 单工作面初次 "见 方"前后 50m范围为严重危险区, 多工作面初次 "见方 "前后 50m范围为严重危险区, 单或 多工作面周期 "见方 "前后 20m范围为中等危险区; (14) 留底煤区域的影响规律: 底煤厚 度 0m<M≤lm时为一般危险区, 底煤厚度 lm<M≤2m时为中等危险区, 底煤厚度大于 2m 时为严重危险区; (15 ) 采掘扰动区域为严重危险区。 3、 多因素影响程度的叠加
冲击矿压的发生依赖于应力集中程度及能量的积聚与释放特征, 上述分析的每个区 域性因素均会对某地段 (点) 的应力及能量状态造成影响, 因此当某地段 (点) 存在多 个影响因素的共同作用时, 其冲击矿压危险性往往会比单个因素的影响程度要高, 即冲 击矿压危险性具有多因素叠加影响的特点,因此可定义: 当多个"严重"等级叠加或"严重" 等级与其它等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段 (点) 最终定为"严重"等级; 当有 1个"中等"等 级与 1个或多个"一般"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段 (点) 最终定为"中等"等级; 当有 2 个及以上"中等"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段 (点) 最终定为"严重"等级; 当有 2个及以 上"一般"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段(点)最终定为"一般"或"中等"等级。 为便于实际 应用,将上述各因素影响冲击矿压危险程度的区域性分布规律及叠加原则制成表格形式, 如表 1所示。
4、 冲击矿压的分区分级预测
在对冲击矿压进行分区分级预测时, 需要多因素叠加法和综合指数法配合使用, 即 首先采用综合指数法评估某较大范围区域的冲击矿压危险等级和状态, 对于经综合指数 法评估为无冲击矿压危险的采区、 工作面或巷道, 不需进行分区分级预测; 经综合指数 法评估为具有冲击矿压危险的区域, 采用多因素叠加法详细预测各较小区域的冲击矿压 危险程度, 需要对该区域的冲击矿压影响因素个数、 影响范围和叠加后的影响程度进行 标定, 分别用不同图例或颜色标识, 即实现对冲击矿压的分区分级预测, 从而根据确定 的不同冲击矿压危险程度和区域, 采取有针对性的防冲措施。
以上为一般性冲击矿压的分区分级预测方法, 特殊情况下应根据实际条件经技术、 理论分析或专家论证后确定。
具体的:
对于给定的某一开采区域, 首先采用综合指数法评估该区域整体的冲击矿压危险等 级及状态, 经评估为 A级无冲击矿压危险的开采区域, 可正常生产, 无需再进行分区分级 预测; 经评估为具有冲击矿压危险的区域, 实施第二步, 即采用多因素叠加法进行详细 的分区分级预测, 首先对开采区域的冲击矿压影响因素进行分析, 包括每个因素的影响 范围及影响程度, 然后根据多因素叠加影响原则, 预测各个分段的冲击矿压危险程度, 并对冲击矿压影响因素个数、 影响范围和叠加后的影响程度在采掘工程平面图上进行标 定, 最后根据确定的不同冲击矿压危险程度和区域, 采取有针对性的防冲措施。
下面以某矿经综合指数法确定有 C级冲击矿压危险的某工作面为例,采用多因素叠加 法进行分区分级预测。
该工作面赋存条件为, 采空区侧沿空运输巷煤柱宽度为 6m, 且分布有一条落差大于 3m、 小于 10m的断层, 轨道巷具有煤层分叉段和顶底板岩性变化段, 其中顶底板岩性变 化段留有厚度为 l〜2m的底煤, 在整个工作面回采过程中将会经历顶板初次来压、 单工 作面初次"见方"来压、 双工作面初次 "见方 "来压阶段。
( 1 ) 对于运输巷, 沿空煤柱宽度为 6m, 因此将该巷道全部定为一般危险区, 对于 该巷道内的落差大于 3m、 小于 10m断层前后 20m范围定为严重危险区, 20m~50m范围为 中等危险区, 并且该巷道将会经历工作面回采过程中顶板初次来压 (中等影响) 、 单工 作面初次"见方"来压 (严重) 及双工作面初次"见方"来压 (严重) 的影响, 通过对多个 因素的叠加影响分析, 可以看出, 断层前后 20m范围的严重危险区与 6m宽煤柱的一般危 险区叠加, 叠加结果为严重危险区, 断层的 20m~50m范围的中等危险区与 6m宽煤柱的一 般危险区叠加, 结果为中等危险区, 最终对运输巷的分区分级预测结果为: 3个严重危险 区, 2个中等危险区, 其余为一般危险区。
(2)对于轨道巷, 煤层分叉段前后 10m为严重危险区, 前后 10〜20m为中等危险区; 顶板岩性变化段前后 50m为严重危险区、 前后 50〜100m为一般危险区; 留底煤区域为中 等危险区, 该巷也将会经历工作面回采过程中顶板初次来压 (中等影响) 、 单工作面初 次"见方"来压 (严重) 及双工作面初次"见方"来压 (严重) 的影响, 通过对多个因素的 叠加影响分析, 可以看出, 顶板岩性变化段前后 50m的严重危险区将与留底煤区域的中 等危险区叠加, 叠加结果为严重危险区, 顶板岩性变化段前后 50〜100m的一般危险区与 煤层分叉段的中等危险区、 双工作面初次 "见方 "来压的严重危险区相互叠加, 叠加段结 果分别为中等和严重危险区, 最终对轨道巷的分区分级预测结果为: 4个严重危险区, 3 个中等危险区, 2个一般危险区, 其余为轻微危险区。
通过对上述影响因素分析后, 最终对该工作面进行分区分级预测的结果如图 1所示。 根据分区分级预测结果, 对于严重和中等危险区应在工作面回采前采用预卸压方式提前 解危并加强防冲管理, 对于一般和轻微危险区, 在回采过程中根据监测结果采取有针对 性的防治措施。 对于工作面超前支承压力区, 由于其一直处于动态变化, 应随工作面回 采分析与其它因素的叠加影响, 及时采取预卸压和解危措施。
表 1 多因素叠加法分区分级预测表
Figure imgf000008_0001
接近采空区 50m范围内 严重
W7 向采空区推进的工作面 接近采空区 50m~100m范围内 中等 接近采空区 100m~200m范围内 一般
"刀把"形等不规则工作面或
w8 多个工作面的开切眼及停采 拐角煤柱前后 20m范围
^ 线不对齐等区域
"四角 "交叉前后 20m范围 严重
Wg 巷道交叉区域
"三角 "交叉前后 20m范围 中等 区段煤柱宽 6m<D< 10m时 一般
W10 沿空巷道煤柱 区段煤柱宽 10m≤D≤30m时 严重 区段煤柱宽 30m<D≤50m时 中等 工作面煤壁超前 50m范围 严重
Wu 工作面超前支承压力区 工作面煤壁超前 50 m~100范围 中等 工作面煤壁超前 100 m~150范围 一般 w12 老顶初次来压 前后 20m范围 中等 单工作面初次''见方"前后 50m范围 严重 w13 工作面采空区 "见方 "区域 多工作面初次''见方"前后 50m范围 严重 单或多工作面周期' '见方 "前后 20m范围 中等 底煤厚度 0m<M≤lm时 一般 w14 留底煤区域 底煤厚度 lm<M≤2m时 中等 底煤厚度大于 2m时 严重 w15 采掘扰动区域 ― 严重
1、 经综合指数法评估为无冲击危险的采区、 工作面或巷道, 不需进行分区分级预测;
2、 经综合指数法评估为具有冲击危险、 本表未描述的其它区域均定为"轻微"等级;
3、 多个"严重"等级叠加或"严重"等级与其它等级叠加时, 定为"严重"等级;
4、 1个"中等"等级与 1个或多个"一般"等级叠加时, 定为"中等"等级;
5、 2个及以上"中等"等级叠加时, 定为"严重"等级;
6、 2个及以上"一般"等级叠加时, 定为"一般"或"中等"等级;
7、 以上为一般性的分区分级预测方法,特殊情况下应根据实际条件经技术、理论分析 或专家论证后确定。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法, 其特征是: 综合断层、 煤层倾角变 化、 煤层侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化区域、 顶底板岩性变化、 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱、 工 作面超前支承压力因素的叠加影响, 针对经综合指数法分析具有冲击矿压危险的采区, 将不同地段的冲击矿压危险程度定为 4个级别, 分别为轻微危险区、 一般危险区、 中等危 险区和严重危险区, 通过分析多个冲击矿压区域性影响因素的叠加影响作用, 确定不同 开采地段所具有的不同冲击矿压危险程度, 对开采区域进行分区分级预测, 可根据分区 分级预测结果, 指导防冲措施的实施;
对于给定的某一评估为具有冲击矿压危险的开采区域, 一种分区分级预测的综合指 数法, 包含下述步骤:
( 1 ) 分析各个区域性影响因素的分布情况, 确定各自的影响范围及程度;
(2) 确定各个地段的多个因素叠加影响, 综合确定不同分段的范围及冲击矿压危险 程度, 进行冲击矿压危险程度的分区分级预测;
( 3 ) 将分区分级预测结果标定于采掘工程平面图上, 并用不同图例或颜色进行标 识;
(4) 根据分区分级预测结果, 采取有针对性的冲击矿压防治措施。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法, 其特征在于: 所述 的区域性因素影响包括: (1 ) 落差大于 3m、 小于 10m的断层附近; (2) 煤层倾角剧烈 变化 (大于 15° ) 的褶曲附近; (3 ) 煤层侵蚀、 合层或厚度变化部分; (4 ) 顶底板岩性 变化地段; (5 ) 上保护层开采遗留的煤柱下方; (6 ) 落差大于 10m的断层或断层群附 近; (7 ) 向采空区推进的工作面在接近采空区时; (8 ) "刀把 "形等不规则工作面或多个 工作面的开切眼及停采线不对齐等区域; (9 ) 巷道交叉区域附近; (10) 留设宽度不合 理的沿空巷道煤柱区; (11 ) 工作面超前支承压力区; (12) 老顶初次来压位置附近;
( 13 ) 工作面采空区"见方"区域; (14) 留底煤区域; (15 ) 采掘扰动区域; 这 15个因素 分别具有各自不同的对冲击矿压危险程度的区域性影响规律。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法, 其特征在于: 所述 的多个因素叠加影响, 是多个区域性影响因素对冲击矿压危险性有叠加影响, 当多个 "严 重"等级叠加或"严重"等级与其它等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终定为"严重"等 级; 当有 1个"中等"等级与 1个或多个"一般"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终定为 "中等"等级; 当有 2个及以上"中等"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终定为"严重" 等级; 当有 2个及以上"一般"等级影响因素叠加时, 该地段或地点最终定为"一般"或"中 等"等级。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的煤矿井下冲击矿压分区分级预测方法, 其特征在于: 所述 的采取有针对性的冲击矿压防治措施, 对于严重和中等危险区应在工作面回采前采用预 卸压方式提前解危并加强防冲管理, 对于一般和轻微危险区, 在回采过程中根据监 果采取有针对性的防治措施。
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