WO2014173301A1 - 波束赋形方法和设备 - Google Patents

波束赋形方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014173301A1
WO2014173301A1 PCT/CN2014/076059 CN2014076059W WO2014173301A1 WO 2014173301 A1 WO2014173301 A1 WO 2014173301A1 CN 2014076059 W CN2014076059 W CN 2014076059W WO 2014173301 A1 WO2014173301 A1 WO 2014173301A1
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Prior art keywords
terminal
beamforming
doa
current
doa value
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陆松鹤
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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Datang Mobile Communications Equipment Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a beamforming method and apparatus. Background technique
  • the base station calculates the current incoming wave angle according to the uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) sent by the user equipment (UE), and further The current beamforming wideband shaping weight is calculated, and the downlink signal of the antenna is beamformed by using beamforming wideband shaping weight to achieve beamforming effect.
  • SRS uplink sounding reference signal
  • the result of antenna beamforming is equivalent to increasing the antenna gain. If the ring array of K # ⁇ antenna is used, the antenna gain may increase by lOlgK dB at the maximum;
  • the antenna array can accurately calculate the Direction Of Arrival (DOA), which can be used for user positioning.
  • DOA Direction Of Arrival
  • Beamforming allows more power to be concentrated in the user direction to increase the throughput of cell edge users; beamforming can take advantage of the channel symmetry of the Time Division Duplex (TDD) system.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the downlink signals of multiple antennas are weighted and combined, and the antenna pattern is adjusted to form a beam in a certain direction to achieve the effect of reducing interference and noise.
  • the time domain frame structure in the Time Division Long Term Evolution (TD-LTE) system is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the SRS signal is transmitted in an Uplink Pilot Time Slot (UpPTS) or an Uplink subframe.
  • UpPTS Uplink Pilot Time Slot
  • Uplink subframe Uplink subframe
  • the variation range of the DOA of the UE is as shown in FIG. 2. Assuming that the UE's motion speed is V, the length of a radio frame in the TD-LTE system is T.
  • ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ arcsin (d/L); ⁇ [ ⁇ - ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ where ⁇ is the angle between the location of the terminal and the direction of discovery by the base station;
  • L is the distance from the terminal to the base station
  • ⁇ is the maximum angle of terminal motion during a radio frame length
  • d is the moving distance of the terminal within a wireless frame length
  • the base station receives the uplink SRS reported by the terminal for the Mth time, calculates the DOA according to the uplink SRS, and converts the DOA value calculated by using the uplink SRS signal into a beamforming coefficient by using the principle of uplink and downlink channel mirroring of the wireless system, and then connects
  • the downlink signal to be transmitted on the downlink subframe is multiplied by the beamforming coefficient, and then sent out;
  • the base station receives the uplink SRS of the M+1 times of the terminal, calculates the DOA according to the uplink SRS, and uses the uplink and downlink of the wireless system.
  • the principle of channel mirroring is to convert the DOA value calculated by using the uplink SRS signal into a beamforming coefficient, and then multiply the downlink signal to be transmitted in the next downlink subframe by the beamforming coefficient, and then send it, and so on. .
  • the base station calculates the DOA after receiving the uplink SRS, converts the DOA into a beamforming coefficient, and multiplies the downlink signal to be transmitted in the next downlink subframe by the beam.
  • the shaping coefficient is sent out, the position of the terminal has been changed with respect to the uplink SRS.
  • the range of the change is shown by the calculated ⁇ in Figure 2, so that the direction indicated by the beamforming calculation is deviated, resulting in the terminal.
  • the shield of the received signal deteriorates, and the intended purpose of beamforming is not achieved, and the downlink traffic rate of the user is not improved.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a beamforming method and device for improving the accuracy of beamforming.
  • a beamforming method comprising:
  • the network side receives the uplink sounding reference signal SRS reported by the terminal N times, and after receiving the uplink SRS, determines the DOA value of the incoming wave direction angle of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and saves the determined DOA value; wherein N is greater than An integer of 1;
  • the network side uses a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm to estimate the current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved N DOA values; and determine a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal;
  • MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error
  • the network side performs beamforming on the downlink signal to be sent on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient, and sends a beamformed downlink signal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe.
  • a base station comprising: a DOA determining unit, configured to receive an uplink sounding reference signal SRS reported by the terminal N times, and determine, after each receiving the uplink SRS, a DOA value of the incoming wave direction angle of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and save the determined DOA value;
  • N is an integer greater than one;
  • a shaping coefficient determining unit configured to estimate a current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved N DOA values by using a minimum mean square error MMSE algorithm; and determine a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal;
  • a signal transmission unit configured to perform beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient, and send the beamformed downlink signal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe.
  • the uplink SRS reported by the network side receiving terminal N times after each receiving the uplink SRS, determines the DOA value of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and saves the determined DOA value, and uses the MMSE.
  • the algorithm estimates the current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved N DOA values, determines a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal, and performs beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient. After that, the downlink signal after beamforming is sent to the terminal on the current downlink subframe.
  • the network side estimates the current DOA value of the terminal according to the DOA value obtained by using the uplink SRS received multiple times before, and determines the beamforming coefficient according to the DOA value. And using the beamforming coefficient to beamform the downlink signal on the downlink subframe, and the scheme does not need to wait for the uplink SRS reported by the terminal and determine the beamforming coefficient accordingly, but estimate according to the historical DOA value.
  • the current DOA value of the terminal is determined and the beamforming coefficient is determined according to the DOA value, thereby effectively keeping up with the change of the moving angle of the terminal, and improving the accuracy of beamforming.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a TD-LTE time domain frame in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a range of variation of a terminal angle during high-speed motion in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a beamforming method in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific process of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another base station according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a beamforming method provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step 40 The network side receives the uplink SRS of the terminal N times, and after each receiving the uplink SRS, determines the DOA value of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and saves the determined DOA value; where ⁇ is greater than 1
  • Step 41 The network side uses a minimum mean square error (MMSE) algorithm to estimate the current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved N DOA values; and determine a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal;
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • Step 42 The network side performs beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the determined beamforming coefficient, and sends the beamformed downlink signal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe.
  • the beamforming is performed on the downlink signal to be sent in the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient.
  • the specific implementation may be: multiplying the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe by the beamforming coefficient, A signal that is sent to the terminal on the current downlink subframe, that is, a beam-formed downlink signal is obtained.
  • the beamforming coefficient is determined according to the current DOA value of the terminal, and the specific implementation is: Grid Of Beam (GOB) method, and the beamforming coefficient is obtained according to the current DOA value of the terminal.
  • GOB Grid Of Beam
  • the network side receives the SRS reported by the terminal in the N+1th time, and determines the DOA value of the terminal according to the SRS reported by the N+1th time. And storing the determined DOA value; using the MMSE algorithm, estimating the current DOA value of the terminal according to the recently saved N DOA values; redetermining the beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal; according to the redefined beamforming coefficient pair.
  • the uplink SRS of the terminal at 4 times is the uplink SRS of the terminal for 4 consecutive times.
  • the value of N can be 5.
  • the method can be applied to a cell edge UE with a low signal to noise ratio (SNR) scenario.
  • This method can be applied to communication systems such as LTE.
  • the MMSE algorithm is used to estimate the DOA value of the next next M+N+1, and the beamforming coefficient is calculated from the DOA value.
  • the beamforming coefficient is calculated from the DOA value.
  • the DOA calculated according to the latest 5 (ie, N) times (5, 5, 6, 7, 8 times) received uplink SRS are respectively calculated.
  • the value is saved, and then according to the 5 DOA values, the MMSE algorithm is used to estimate the DOA value used for the ninth time, and then the DOA value calculated according to the ninth received uplink SRS is saved; next, the saved
  • the DOA value calculated by the received uplink SRS for the last 5 times (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 times) is estimated by the MMSE algorithm to obtain the DOA value for the 10th time, and then received according to the 10th time.
  • the DOA value obtained by the uplink SRS calculation is saved; and so on.
  • Step 51 The base station receives the uplink SRS reported by the terminal for the N times, and records the first time of the N times as the Mth. After each receiving the uplink SRS, determining the DOA value of the incoming wave direction angle of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and saving the determined DO A value;
  • Step 52 Using the MMSE algorithm, estimating the (M+N+1)th DOA value as the (M+N+ 1)th beamforming angle value according to the saved N DOA values;
  • Step 53 Performing a GOB calculation on the estimated DOA value to obtain a beamforming coefficient; performing beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient, and performing a beamforming on the current downlink subframe. Sending a downlink signal after beamforming;
  • Step 54 Receive an uplink SRS of the terminal at the M+N+1 times of the terminal, determine a DOA value of the terminal according to the uplink SRS, and save the determined DO A value;
  • Step 55 Using the MMSE algorithm, estimate the first (M+N) based on the saved N DOA values starting from the M+1th (ie, the DOA value saved from the M+1th to the M+N+1th) +2) the number of DOA values as the beamforming angle value of the (M+N+2)th time;
  • Step 56 Perform a GOB calculation on the estimated DOA value to obtain a beamforming coefficient; perform beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient, and send the terminal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe.
  • the downlink signal after the beamforming is sent; and so on.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a base station, where the base station includes:
  • the DOA determining unit 60 is configured to receive the uplink sounding reference signal SRS reported by the terminal N times, determine the DOA value of the terminal direction of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and save the determined DOA value after receiving the uplink SRS.
  • N is an integer greater than one;
  • the shaping coefficient determining unit 61 is configured to estimate a current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved N DOA values by using a minimum mean square error MMSE algorithm; and determine a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal;
  • the signal transmission unit 62 is configured to perform beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient, and send the beamformed downlink signal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe.
  • the shaping coefficient determining unit 61 is configured to:
  • the beamforming coefficient is obtained according to the current DOA value of the terminal.
  • the DOA determining unit 60 is further configured to:
  • the SRS of the N+1th time of the receiving terminal After transmitting the beamformed downlink signal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe, the SRS of the N+1th time of the receiving terminal is received, and the DOA value of the terminal is determined according to the SRS reported by the N+1th time, and the determined DOA value is saved. ;
  • the shaping coefficient determining unit 61 is further configured to: estimate, by using an MMSE algorithm, the current DOA value of the terminal according to the recently saved N DO A values; and re-determine the beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal;
  • the signal transmission unit 62 is further configured to: perform beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the next downlink subframe according to the re-determined beamforming coefficient, and send the beamforming to the terminal in the next downlink subframe. Downstream signal.
  • the uplink SRS of the terminal on the Nth time is the uplink SRS of the terminal for 4 consecutive times.
  • the signal transmission unit 62 is configured to:
  • the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe is multiplied by the beamforming coefficient to obtain a signal transmitted to the terminal on the current downlink subframe.
  • the base station includes a transceiver 70, and at least one processor 71 coupled to the transceiver 70, the towel:
  • the transceiver 70 is configured to: receive the uplink sounding reference signal SRS reported by the terminal;
  • the processor 71 is configured to: after the transceiver 70 receives the uplink SRS, determine the DOA value of the terminal according to the uplink SRS received by the transceiver 70, and save the determined DOA value; wherein ⁇ is greater than 1. Using the minimum mean square error MMSE algorithm, estimating the current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved DOA values; determining the beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal; and determining the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient pair The downlink signal to be transmitted is beamformed.
  • the transceiver 70 is further configured to: transmit a beamformed downlink signal to the terminal on the current downlink subframe. Further, the processor 71 is configured to: use the beam scanning GOB method to obtain a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal.
  • the transceiver 70 is further configured to: after transmitting the beamformed downlink signal to the terminal in the current downlink subframe, receiving the SRS reported by the terminal in the N+1th time;
  • the processor 71 is further configured to: determine, according to the N+1th reported SRS, the DOA value of the terminal, and save the determined DOA value; and use the MMSE algorithm to estimate the current DOA value of the terminal according to the recently saved N DOA values; Re-determining the beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal; performing beamforming on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the next downlink subframe according to the re-determined beamforming coefficient;
  • the transceiver 70 is further configured to: transmit a beamformed downlink signal to the terminal on the next downlink subframe. Further, the uplink SRS of the terminal N times is the uplink SRS of the terminal for 4 consecutive times.
  • the processor 71 is configured to: multiply the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe by the beamforming coefficient to obtain a signal that is sent to the terminal in the current downlink subframe.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention include:
  • the uplink SRS reported by the network side receiving terminal N times after receiving the uplink SRS, determines the DOA value of the terminal according to the received uplink SRS, and saves the determined DOA value, and uses
  • the MMSE algorithm estimates the current DOA value of the terminal according to the saved N DOA values, determines a beamforming coefficient according to the current DOA value of the terminal, and performs beam assignment on the downlink signal to be transmitted on the current downlink subframe according to the beamforming coefficient. After the shape, the downlink signal after beamforming is sent to the terminal on the current downlink subframe. It can be seen that, in this solution, before the downlink signal is sent by the downlink subframe, the network side estimates the current DOA value of the terminal according to the DOA value obtained by using the uplink SRS received multiple times before, and determines the beamforming coefficient according to the DOA value. And using the beam shaping coefficient for the next The downlink signal on the downlink subframe is beamformed and then sent out.
  • the scheme does not need to wait for the uplink SRS newly reported by the terminal and determine the beamforming coefficient accordingly, but estimates the current DOA value of the terminal according to the historical DOA value and according to The DOA value determines the beamforming coefficient, thereby effectively keeping up with the change of the moving angle of the terminal, and improving the accuracy of beamforming.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种波束赋形方法和设备，涉及无线通信领域，用于提高波束赋形的准确度。本申请中，网络侧在下行子帧发送下行信号前，使用根据之前多次接收到的上行SRS分别得到的DOA值，估计终端当前的DOA值，根据该DOA值确定波束赋形系数，并使用该波束赋形系数对下行子帧上的下行信号进行波束赋形后发送出去，本方案不需要等待终端最新上报的上行SRS并据此确定波束赋形系数，而是根据历史DOA值估计出终端当前的DOA值并根据该DOA值确定波束赋形系数，从而有效地跟上终端的运动角度的变化，提高了波束赋形的准确度。

Description

波束赋形方法和设备 本申请要求在 2013年 4月 26日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201310149485.6、 发明名 称为 "波束赋形方法和设备"的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请 中。 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域， 尤其涉及一种波束赋形方法和设备。 背景技术
长期演进（Long Term Evolution, LTE )通信系统的下行波束赋形技术， 基站根据用户 终端 （User Equipment, UE )发送的上行探测参考信号 （ Sounding Reference Signal, SRS ) 来计算当前的来波角度， 进而计算当前的波束赋形宽带赋形权值， 使用波束赋形宽带赋形 权值对天线的下行信号进行波束赋形， 以达到波束赋形效果。
波束赋形具有如下优点：
天线波束赋形的结果等效于增大了天线增益。 若釆用 K # ^天线的环形阵， 则天线增益 最大可能增加 lOlgK dB;
波束赋形的结果使得多址千扰大大降低。 只有来自主瓣方向和较大副瓣方向的多径才 对有用信号带来千扰；
天线阵可以对来波方向角 （Direction Of Arrival, DOA )进行精确计算， 据此可以进行 用户定位；
波束赋形可以使更多的功率集中在用户方向上， 以提高小区边缘用户的吞吐量； 波束赋形可以充分利用时分双工 （Time Division Duplex, TDD ) 系统的信道对称性。 进行波束赋形时， 通过将多个天线的下行信号进行加权合并， 调整天线方向图形成某 个方向的波束， 以达到降低千扰和噪声的效果。
时分长期演进（TD-LTE )系统中的时域帧结构如图 1所示， SRS信号的发送位置为上 行导频时隙 （Uplink Pilot Time Slot, UpPTS )或者是上行子帧。
当 UE处于郊区、 高速铁路、 高速公路等高运动速度的场景时， UE的 DOA的变化范 围如图 2所示。 假定 UE的运动速度为 V, TD-LTE系统一个无线帧的时间长度为 T
=120km/h, J=10ms;
d = i * r = ^*^~ « 0.33m ；
3.6 1000
<¾■ = arcsin (d/L)； θ [β- α, β + α 其中， β为终端所在位置与基站发现方向的夹角；
L为终端到基站的距离；
α为一个无线帧长度的时间内终端运动的最大角度；
d为一个无线帧长度的时间内终端的运动距离；
Θ 为一个无线帧长度的时间内由于终端高速运动导致的角度变化范围， 即上一时刻终 端相对于基站的角度在经过终端运动后产生的变化范围， 这个变换在一个无线帧长度的时 间内是有极限范围的。
现有的波束赋形宽带赋形权值的计算处理流程如图 3所示：
基站接收终端第 M次上报的上行 SRS, 根据该上行 SRS计算 DOA, 利用无线系统的 上下行信道镜像的原则， 将利用上行 SRS信号计算得到的 DOA值转换为波束赋形系数， 再将在接下来的下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘上该波束赋形系数后发送出去； 基站接收 终端第 M+1次上 4艮的上行 SRS, 根据该上行 SRS计算 DOA, 利用无线系统的上下行信道 镜像的原则， 将利用上行 SRS信号计算得到的 DOA值转换为波束赋形系数， 再将在接下 来的下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘上该波束赋形系数后发送出去， 依次类推。
综上， 在 UE的高速运动场景下， 由于基站接收到上行 SRS后计算 DOA, 再将 DOA 转换为波束赋形系数， 再将在接下来的下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘上该波束赋形系数 后发送出去， 此时终端已经相对于上行 SRS接收时的位置发生了变化， 变化的范围由图 2 显示计算的 Θ, 这样由波束赋形计算的指示方向就发生了偏差， 导致终端接收信号的盾量 变差， 没有达到波束赋形的预期目的， 对用户的下行业务速率没有提升。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种波束赋形方法和设备 , 用于提高波束赋形的准确度。
一种波束赋形方法， 该方法包括：
网络侧接收终端 N次上报的上行探测参考信号 SRS, 在每次接收到上行 SRS后， 根 据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的来波方向角度 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值； 其中 N 为大于 1的整数；
网络侧使用最小均方误差 （ Minimum Mean Square Error, MMSE ) 算法， 根据保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数；
网络侧根据所述波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
一种基站， 该基站包括： DOA确定单元， 用于接收终端 N次上报的上行探测参考信号 SRS, 在每次接收到上 行 SRS后，根据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的来波方向角度 DOA值，并保存确定的 DOA 值； 其中 N为大于 1的整数；
赋形系数确定单元， 用于使用最小均方误差 MMSE算法，根据保存的 N个 DOA值估 计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数；
信号传输单元， 用于根据所述波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进 行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
本发明实施例提供的方案中， 网络侧接收终端 N次上报的上行 SRS, 在每次接收到上 行 SRS后， 根据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值， 使用 MMSE算法根据保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA值，根据终端当前的 DOA值确 定波束赋形系数， 并根据该波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束 赋形后， 在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。 可见， 本方案中， 网络侧 在下行子帧发送下行信号前， 使用根据之前多次接收到的上行 SRS分别得到的 DOA值， 估计终端当前的 DOA值，根据该 DOA值确定波束赋形系数， 并使用该波束赋形系数对下 行子帧上的下行信号进行波束赋形后发送出去， 本方案不需要等待终端最新上报的上行 SRS并据此确定波束赋形系数，而是根据历史 DOA值估计出终端当前的 DOA值并根据该 DOA值确定波束赋形系数，从而有效地跟上终端的运动角度的变化，提高了波束赋形的准 确度。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中 TD-LTE时域帧结构示意图；
图 2为现有技术中高速运动时的终端角度变化范围示意图;
图 3为现有技术中波束赋形方法流程示意图；
图 4为本发明实施例提供的方法流程示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例的具体流程示意图；
图 6为本发明实施例提供的基站结构示意图；
图 7为本发明实施例提供的另一种基站的示意图。 具体实施方式
为了提高对下行信号进行波束赋形的准确性， 本发明实施例提供一种波束赋形方法。 参见图 4, 本发明实施例提供的波束赋形方法， 包括以下步骤：
步骤 40: 网络侧接收终端 N次上 ·ί艮的上行 SRS, 在每次接收到上行 SRS后， 根据接 收到的上行 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值； 其中 Ν为大于 1的整数； 步骤 41： 网络侧使用最小均方误差 （ MMSE )算法， 根据保存的 N个 DOA值估计终 端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数；
步骤 42: 网络侧根据确定的波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行 波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。 这里， 根据波束赋形 系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 具体实现可以为： 将在当前下 行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘以所述波束赋形系数， 得到在当前下行子帧上向终端发送的 信号即波束赋形后的下行信号。
具体的， 步骤 41中根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数， 具体实现为： 釆用波 束扫描 （Grid Of Beam, GOB ) 法， 根据终端当前的 DOA值得到波束赋形系数。
进一步的， 网络侧在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号之后， 网络侧 接收终端第 N+1次上报的 SRS, 根据第 N+1次上报的 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存 确定的 DOA值； 使用 MMSE算法， 根据最近保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA 值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值重新确定波束赋形系数； 根据重新确定的波束赋形系数对在 下一下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在下一下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋 形后的下行信号。
终端 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS为终端连续 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS。 较佳的， N的取值可以 为 5。
本方法可以应用于小区边缘 UE, 低信噪比 （SNR ) 的场景。 本方法可以应用在 LTE 等通信系统中。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行说明：
本实施例中， 根据从第 M次开始累计存储的连续 N次 DOA值， 使用 MMSE算法估 计得到临近的下一次即第 M+N+1次的 DOA值， 由该 DOA值计算波束赋形系数后对下行 信号进行波束赋形，再收到一次上行 SRS后，计算并保存该次的 DOA值，根据从第（ M+1 ) 次开始累计的 N次 DOA值， 使用 MMSE算法估计得到临近的下一次即第 M+1+N+1次的 DOA值， 由该 DOA值计算波束赋形系数后对下行信号进行波束赋形， 依此类推。
举例说明， 假设从第 3 (即 M )次接收上行 SRS开始， 将根据最近的 5 (即 N )次（ 4、 5、 6、 7、 8这 5次）接收的上行 SRS分别计算得到的 DOA值保存， 然后根据这 5个 DOA 值釆用 MMSE算法估计得到第 9次使用的 DOA值， 再将根据第 9次接收到的上行 SRS 计算得到的 DOA值保存； 接下来， 将保存的、 根据最近 5次（5、 6、 7、 8、 9这 5次）接 收到的上行 SRS分别计算得到的 DOA值釆用 MMSE算法估计得到第 10次使用的 DOA 值， 再将根据第 10次接收到的上行 SRS计算得到的 DOA值保存； 依此类推。
如图 5所示， 具体流程如下：
步骤 51 :基站接收终端连续 N次上报的上行 SRS,将该 N次上报的第一次记为第 M 次；在每次接收到上行 SRS后，根据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的来波方向角度 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DO A值；
步骤 52: 使用 MMSE算法， 根据保存的 N个 DOA值估计出第 （ M+N+1 )次的 DOA 值作为第 （ M+N+ 1 )次的波束赋形角度值；
步骤 53: 将估计出的 DOA值进行 GOB计算得到波束赋形系数； 根据该波束赋形系 数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送 波束赋形后的下行信号；
步骤 54: 接收终端第 M+N+1次上 4艮的上行 SRS, 根据该上行 SRS确定终端的 DOA 值， 并保存确定的 DO A值；
步骤 55: 使用 MMSE算法， 根据保存的从第 M+1次开始的 N个 DOA值（即从第 M+1次到第 M+N+1次保存的 DOA值）估计出第（ M+N+2 )次的 DOA值作为第（ M+N+2 ) 次的波束赋形角度值；
步骤 56: 将估计出的 DOA值进行 GOB计算得到波束赋形系数； 根据该波束赋形系 数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送 波束赋形后的下行信号； 依此类推。
参见图 6, 本发明实施例提供一种基站， 该基站包括：
DOA确定单元 60, 用于接收终端 N次上报的上行探测参考信号 SRS, 在每次接收到 上行 SRS后， 根据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的来波方向角度 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值； 其中 N为大于 1的整数；
赋形系数确定单元 61 , 用于使用最小均方误差 MMSE算法， 根据保存的 N个 DOA 值估计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数；
信号传输单元 62,用于根据所述波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号 进行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
进一步的， 所述赋形系数确定单元 61用于：
釆用波束扫描 GOB法， 根据终端当前的 DOA值得到波束赋形系数。
进一步的， 所述 DOA确定单元 60还用于：
在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号之后，接收终端第 N+1次上报的 SRS, 根据第 N+1次上报的 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值；
所述赋形系数确定单元 61还用于： 使用 MMSE算法， 根据最近保存的 N个 DO A值 估计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值重新确定波束赋形系数；
所述信号传输单元 62还用于： 根据重新确定的波束赋形系数对在下一下行子帧上待 发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在下一下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
进一步的， 所述终端 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS为终端连续 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS。 进一步的， 所述信号传输单元 62用于：
将在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘以所述波束赋形系数， 得到在当前下行子帧 上向终端发送的信号。
下面结合优选的硬件结构， 对本发明实施例提供的基站的结构、 处理方式进行说明。 如图 7所示，基站包括收发信机 70、 以及与该收发信机 70连接的至少一个处理器 71 , 其巾：
收发信机 70被配置用于： 接收终端 Ν次上报的上行探测参考信号 SRS;
处理器 71被配置用于： 在收发信机 70每次接收到上行 SRS后， 根据收发信机 70接 收到的上行 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值； 其中 Ν为大于 1的整数； 使用最小均方误差 MMSE算法， 根据保存的 Ν个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据 终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数； 以及根据所述波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上 待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形。
收发信机 70还被配置用于： 在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。 进一步的， 处理器 71被配置用于： 釆用波束扫描 GOB法， 根据终端当前的 DOA值 得到波束赋形系数。
进一步的， 收发信机 70还被配置用于： 在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的 下行信号之后， 接收终端第 N+1次上报的 SRS;
处理器 71还被配置用于： 根据第 N+1次上报的 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确 定的 DOA值；使用 MMSE算法，根据最近保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值重新确定波束赋形系数； 根据重新确定的波束赋形系数对在下一 下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形；
收发信机 70还被配置用于： 在下一下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。 进一步的， 所述终端 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS为终端连续 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS。
进一步的， 处理器 71 被配置用于： 将在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘以所述 波束赋形系数， 得到在当前下行子帧上向终端发送的信号。
综上， 本发明的有益效果包括：
本发明实施例提供的方案中， 网络侧接收终端 N次上报的上行 SRS, 在每次接收到上 行 SRS后， 根据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值， 使用
MMSE算法根据保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA值，根据终端当前的 DOA值确 定波束赋形系数， 并根据该波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束 赋形后， 在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。 可见， 本方案中， 网络侧 在下行子帧发送下行信号前， 使用根据之前多次接收到的上行 SRS分别得到的 DOA值， 估计终端当前的 DOA值，根据该 DOA值确定波束赋形系数， 并使用该波束赋形系数对下 行子帧上的下行信号进行波束赋形后发送出去， 本方案不需要等待终端最新上报的上行 SRS并据此确定波束赋形系数，而是根据历史 DOA值估计出终端当前的 DOA值并根据该 DOA值确定波束赋形系数，从而有效地跟上终端的运动角度的变化，提高了波束赋形的准 确度。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、 设备（系统）、 和计算机程序产品的流程图 和 /或方框图来描述的。 应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和 /或方框图中的每一流 程和 /或方框、 以及流程图和 /或方框图中的流程和 /或方框的结合。 可提供这些计算机 程序指令到通用计算机、 专用计算机、 嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器 以产生一个机器， 使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用 于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和 /或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的 装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方 式工作的计算机可读存储器中， 使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装 置的制造品， 该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和 /或方框图一个方框或多个 方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上， 使得在计算机 或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理， 从而在计算机或其他 可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和 /或方框图一个 方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例， 但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概 念， 则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。 所以， 所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选 实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然， 本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和 范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内， 则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种波束赋形方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括：
网络侧接收终端 N次上报的上行探测参考信号 SRS, 在每次接收到上行 SRS后， 根 据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的来波方向角度 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值； 其中 N 为大于 1的整数；
网络侧使用最小均方误差 MMSE算法，根据保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当前的 DOA 值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数；
网络侧根据所述波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋 形系数， 具体包括：
釆用波束扫描 GOB法， 根据终端当前的 DOA值得到波束赋形系数。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 网络侧在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波 束赋形后的下行信号之后 , 进一步包括：
网络侧接收终端第 N+1次上报的 SRS, 根据第 N+1次上报的 SRS确定终端的 DOA 值， 并保存确定的 DOA值； 使用 MMSE算法， 根据最近保存的 N个 DOA值估计终端当 前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值重新确定波束赋形系数； 根据重新确定的波束赋形 系数对在下一下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在下一下行子帧上向终端发 送波束赋形后的下行信号。
4、 如权利要求 1-3 中任一所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述终端 N次上报的上行 SRS 为终端连续 N次上 4艮的上行 SRS。
5、 如权利要求 1-3 中任一所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述根据所述波束赋形系数对 在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进行波束赋形， 具体包括：
将在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘以所述波束赋形系数， 得到在当前下行子帧 上向终端发送的信号。
6、 一种基站， 其特征在于， 该基站包括：
DOA确定单元， 用于接收终端 N次上报的上行探测参考信号 SRS, 在每次接收到上 行 SRS后，根据接收到的上行 SRS确定终端的来波方向角度 DOA值，并保存确定的 DOA 值； 其中 N为大于 1的整数；
赋形系数确定单元， 用于使用最小均方误差 MMSE算法，根据保存的 N个 DOA值估 计终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值确定波束赋形系数；
信号传输单元， 用于根据所述波束赋形系数对在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号进 行波束赋形， 并在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的基站， 其特征在于， 所述赋形系数确定单元用于：
釆用波束扫描 GOB法， 根据终端当前的 DOA值得到波束赋形系数。
8、 如权利要求 6所述的基站， 其特征在于， 所述 DOA确定单元还用于：
在当前下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号之后，接收终端第 N+1次上 ·ί艮的 SRS, 根据第 N+1次上报的 SRS确定终端的 DOA值， 并保存确定的 DOA值；
所述赋形系数确定单元还用于： 使用 MMSE算法，根据最近保存的 Ν个 DOA值估计 终端当前的 DOA值； 根据终端当前的 DOA值重新确定波束赋形系数；
所述信号传输单元还用于： 根据重新确定的波束赋形系数对在下一下行子帧上待发送 的下行信号进行波束赋形， 并在下一下行子帧上向终端发送波束赋形后的下行信号。
9、 如权利要求 6-8中任一所述的基站， 其特征在于， 所述终端 Ν次上报的上行 SRS 为终端连续 Ν次上 4艮的上行 SRS。
10、 如权利要求 6-8中任一所述的基站， 其特征在于， 所述信号传输单元用于： 将在当前下行子帧上待发送的下行信号乘以所述波束赋形系数， 得到在当前下行子帧 上向终端发送的信号。
PCT/CN2014/076059 2013-04-26 2014-04-23 波束赋形方法和设备 Ceased WO2014173301A1 (zh)

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