WO2014165249A1 - Compositions pour la fracturation hydraulique et le forage - Google Patents

Compositions pour la fracturation hydraulique et le forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014165249A1
WO2014165249A1 PCT/US2014/024978 US2014024978W WO2014165249A1 WO 2014165249 A1 WO2014165249 A1 WO 2014165249A1 US 2014024978 W US2014024978 W US 2014024978W WO 2014165249 A1 WO2014165249 A1 WO 2014165249A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
acid
composition according
acids
chosen
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PCT/US2014/024978
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English (en)
Inventor
Brut R. SOOKRAM
John W. VEENSTRA
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Nbip, Llc
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Publication of WO2014165249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014165249A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/72—Eroding chemicals, e.g. acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/035—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
    • C09K2208/32—Anticorrosion additives

Definitions

  • compositions and methods that are effective in hydraulic fracturing and in the energy industry's drilling process using non-corrosive, yet highly effective forms of acids.
  • Hydraulic fracturing commonly referred to as “fracking", or “hydrofracking” is a proven technology whereby natural gas and oil producers can safely recover natural gas and oil from deep shale formations.
  • Fracking is the process of initiating and subsequently propagating a fracture of the rock layer by employing the pressure of a fluid as the source of energy. Special fluids are injected underground at high pressures which fracture the rock formations, and free the oil or gas in the rock. Because of the use of hydraulic fracturing in combined with horizontal drilling, vast amounts of deep shale natural gas and oil can now safely be produced.
  • Hydraulic fracturing is a process where millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock and release the gas.
  • the fracturing is done when a well is drilled into reservoir rock formations consisting of shale rock or coal beds. As the pressure is increased in the rock formations the extraction rates and recovery of oil and natural gas and coal seam gas can proceed.
  • the fracture width is typically maintained after the injection by introducing a "proppant" into the injected fluid.
  • Proppant is a material, such as grains of sand, ceramic, or other particulates that prevent the fractures from closing when the injection is stopped.
  • hydraulic fracturing can also be used to:
  • the fluid injected into the rock typically contains at least two items: a. a slurry of water, b. proppants
  • proppant materials which include silica sand, resin- coated sand, man-made ceramics and chemical additives include an acid, normally hydrochloric acid. Gels, foams, and compressed inert gases, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide and maybe air may also be injected into the wells.
  • Chemical additives are tailored to the specific geological situation, protect the well, and improve its operation, though the injected fluid is approximately 99 percent water and 1 percent proppants. Initially an acid is used to increase permeability. It can, however, be toxic due to the chemical additives in the proppants. Recovered fluid is sometimes processed so that part of it can be reused in the operations or released into the environment. [0009] When hydraulic fracturing takes place, the best option is to fracture formations using sand and water without any additives, or sand and water with non-toxic additives.
  • diesel in hydraulic fracturing fluids. This should be avoided, since diesel contains the carcinogen benzene, which contains benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene and other chemicals; polycyclic aromatics
  • Hydraulic fracturing proppant materials must be effective in create the fractures in the shale to allow the trapped natural gas to escape and to make its way to the well point to be pumped to the surface, and to be effective they must achieve several factors:
  • the correct concentration must be used to effectively release the natural gas or oil.
  • the petroleum industry defines a stuck pipe as a condition whereby the drill string cannot move, along its axis, be it a rotated or reciprocated drill system that is employed in the wellbore. Differential sticking typically occurs when high-contact forces caused by low reservoir pressures, high wellbore pressures, or both, are exerted over a sufficiently large area of the drill string. Differential sticking is, for most drilling organizations, the greatest drilling problem worldwide in terms of time and financial cost.
  • Stuck pipes can be categorized by their physical characteristics into 7 categories. Each category and the solution is unique to the operator. These are further broken down as Open-hole and Cased-hole drilling.
  • Keyseats An open-hole equivalent of mechanical sticking inside the casing where the drill string is physically captured by the earth and concretion occurs stopping all movement.
  • Differential Sticking This is the most common type of sticking and is purely frictional resistance.
  • Hole Col pse This may be related to the geologic formation such as a swelling shale that can bury a drill string as by avalanche, or it may be caused by inadequate hole cleaning as in the buildup of a cuttings bed. Both case, the pipe can become stuck or reduced or blocked circulation.
  • Horizontal Drilling Depending on the radius of curvature used to reach horizontal, it is many times impossible to use conventional tools and procedures to free a stuck pipe.
  • Mud, Scale, or Sand Stuck Tubing and Liners Mud and sand will physically grab the drill string and as the accumulation of materials heats up, the chemistry of concretion increases until the drill string is captured and cannot move any longer. The over manipulation of this type of sticking will cause tubing separation, leading to shut down.
  • Seal assemblies become stuck in a receptacle usually due to conditions of heat and pressure over time. In effect, it is similar to a vulcanization process that causes the seal to adhere to the wall of the receptacle.
  • Each drilling fluid has positive and negative features.
  • the positives for water- based muds are: 1. They do not release free oil;
  • the first is the traditional method which involves mechanical manipulation of the drill string by an experienced crew.
  • the danger of physical or mechanical manipulation of the drill string and casing is that the pipe will actually separate as it is being forcibly twisted and bounced up and down.
  • a second novel approach is to utilize sonic engines attached to the drill string to induce axial forces, while pumping highly acidic and hazardous chemicals into the casing and well bore, attempting to fluidize the portion of the trapped in the pipe.
  • the third approach is to pump specialized highly acidic solutions down the bore to free the pipe and its cuttings and hopefully reestablish circulation through dissolving the mud cake which holds the pipe in its stuck position.
  • the chemicals currently used are hazardous, expensive, and cause environmental concern when finally surfacing.
  • the fourth method of servicing the stuck pipe is operator training, usually conducted by contract services for each drilling crew over a period of 3-5 days at an off-site training facility. This is preventative in nature and cures the operator failures in about 80% of the cases.
  • compositions and methods that are effective in hydraulic fracturing and the energy industry's drilling process using non-corrosive, yet highly effective forms of acids.
  • the disclosed compositions comprise a system comprising an organic acid, a pH buffer, a surfactant, a thickening agent; all in an aqueous composition.
  • an effective amount means "an amount of a composition as disclosed herein, effective at dosages and for periods of time necessary to achieve the desired result.” An effective amount may vary according to factors known in the art, such as the state, age, species, and size of the area being treated. Although particular dosage regimes may be described in examples herein, a person skilled in the art would appreciated that the dosage regime may be altered to provide optimum therapeutic response.
  • Coal beds refers to a layers, beds or veins of a black or brownish sedimentary rock which is combustible. Its hardness can be increased by pressure and temperature.
  • Ranges may be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and/or to "about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations by use of the antecedent "about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint.
  • a weight percent of a component is based on the total weight of the formulation or composition in which the component is included.
  • contacting is meant an instance of applying a composition to a domesticated animal. Contacting can include applying a composition directly by hand or brush, by dipping the domesticated animal or a part or portion thereof in a container comprising a disclosed composition, by spraying and by applying the disclosed composition to the domesticated animal's surroundings such as on straw or a milking machine such that the disclosed composition contacts the domesticated animal.
  • sufficient amount and “sufficient time” means an amount and time needed to achieve the desired result or results, e.g., control and/or prevention of infection of a domesticated animal.
  • Controlled release means the use of a material to regulate the release of another substance.
  • Thickening agent is used herein to refer to products that forms a gel or to increase the viscosity of the final mixture.
  • WBM Water Based Muds
  • Oil Based Muds are used herein to refer to Oil Based Muds
  • 'Tracking refers to the process of initiating and subsequently propagating a fracture of the rock layer by employing the pressure of a fluid as the source of energy.
  • SBM Synthetic Based Muds
  • Shale is used herein to refer to is a fine-grained, sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of tiny fragments of other minerals such as quartz.
  • Non-corrosive acid System is used herein to refer to an acid system that is safe and non-corrosive to human tissue.
  • String of pipes is used herein to refer to any drilling pipes that are continuous or where two or more than two length of drilling pipes are attached.
  • Mud cake is used herein to define the material in a stuck pipe that causes the restricted flow or blockage.
  • Drilling process is used herein to refer to the actual process or system that is utilized in oil or gas patches to access to remove the oil or gas from the ground or on the sea- floor.
  • Proppant is used herein to refer to any granular material that, in an aqueous mixture, can be used to fracture the rock formation.
  • compositions effective to be used in a gel form to aid in the extracting of the gas and oil are provided.
  • compositions effective in releasing the drill string in both open hole and closed hole drilling operations 4. Providing compositions effective that can unstick a pipe in a matter of hours and when used as a spotting fluid in the annulus of a bore hole that permits drill cuttings.
  • compositions that are non-corrosive yet able to be reactive with the shale rock formations.
  • compositions that are non-corrosive, yet act as a strong acids in the underground rock formations and in the drilling process are non-corrosive, yet act as a strong acids in the underground rock formations and in the drilling process.
  • compositions that are a non-corrosive, strong acidic mixture for use in the underground rock formations of hydraulic fracking and the energy industry's drilling process, consisting of: a) from about 0.01% to about 10.0 % by weight of a non-corrosive acid system, comprising: i. an organic acid at least 0.01% to 25.0% by weight; and ii. at least about 10.0% by weight of an pH buffer agent; and b) from about 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of a surfactant; and c) from about 0.10% to about 10.0% by weight of a thickening agent; and d) the balance being an aqueous based carrier.
  • a non-corrosive acid system comprising: i. an organic acid at least 0.01% to 25.0% by weight; and ii. at least about 10.0% by weight of an pH buffer agent; and b) from about 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of a surfactant; and c) from about 0.10% to about 10.0% by weight
  • compositions comprise a noncorrosive acid system which comprises an organic acid and a pH buffer.
  • the first group of suitable organic acids is Lactic, Acetic, Formic, Fumaric,
  • the second group of suitable organic acids is the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group -COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group -SO 2 OH, are relatively stronger acids. The relative stability of the conjugate base of the acid determines its acidity. In some biological systems more complex organic acids such as L- lactic, citric, and D-glucuronic acids are formed. These use the hydroxyl or carboxyl group.
  • the third group of suitable organic acids is Humic, Sebacic, Stearic, Gallic,
  • the fourth group of suitable organic acids is fruit acids.
  • the acids in fruits are chiefly acetic, malic, citric, tartaric, oxalic, and in some instances boric.
  • Malic acid is present in apples, pears, currants, blackberries, raspberries, quince, pineapple, cherries, and rhubarb.
  • Citric acid is found in lemons, oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes, quince, gooseberry, strawberry, raspberry, currant, and cranberry. Tartaric acid occurs in grapes.
  • Boric acid is found in many fresh fruits and vegetables. Mandelic acid is present in almonds.
  • the fifth group of suitable organic acids is beta hydroxy acids which is a type of phenolic acid.
  • Salicylic acid is a colorless crystalline organic acid whose main active ingredient obtained from this source is a monohydroxiybenzoic acid.
  • pH Buffer A non-corrosive acid composition, having a maximum proton count of 1.5
  • X10 A 25 an embodied conductivity range of from 250 mV to 1500mV and a 0.1% solution of the composition having a pH of under 2.0.
  • a surfactant component includes ingredients that modify the water in the system making it suitable from use with several types of water such as hard water, soft water, sulfite contaminated water, rain water, pond water, well water or calcium rich water.
  • the method for improving the stickiness properties of the composition encompasses adding an effective amount of a polymer comprising:
  • quaternary diallyl dialkyl ammonium monomer's counterion is selected from the group consisting of conjugate bases of acids having an ionization constant greater than 10 13 , more preferably selected from the group consisting of fluoride, chloride, bromide, hydroxide, nitrate, acetate, hydrogen sulfate, and primary phosphates; and
  • the polymer base can also be a combination of one or more bases, for example, glycerol in combination with ethoxylated partial glyceride fatty acid esters. These include branched chain esters, ethoxylated partial glyceride fatty acid esters, protein derivatives, lanolin and lanolin derivatives, and fatty alcohol ethoxylates, emollient oils, fatty acids, fatty alcohols and their esters. Other examples of suitable bases include glycerine, sortibal aloe, poylglycols, polyethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene and polyethylene oxide.
  • compositions further comprise from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of a thickening agent.
  • Suitable thickening agents include hydroxynethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxy methylcellulose, emulsifying waxes, alkyl triammonium methosulfate, and ceteraryl octanoate.
  • Preferred additional solvents are polyhydric alcohol solvents, or "polyol” solvents, such as the polyalkylene glycols having alkylene moieties containing about 2-3 carbon atoms, preferably the polyethylene glycols. Molecular weight ranges of from about 200-4000 are preferred for the polyalkylene glycols e.g., propylene glycol.
  • thickeners are polysaccharides and linear sulfated polysaccharides of natural origin, which increase the viscosity increase in solution, even at small concentrations. These can be classified as uncharged or ionic polymers natural gums obtained from seaweeds.
  • Agar Alginic acid Sodium alginate
  • Carrageenan kappa, Iota or lambda
  • Gum arabic Gum ghatti
  • Gum tragacanth Karaya gum, Guar gum, Locust bean gum, Beta-glucan, Chicle gum, Dammar gum, Glucomannan, Mastic gum, Psyllium seed husks, Spruce gum, Tara gum Gellan gum and Xanthan gum.
  • a suitable thickener poylsaccharides is starch which can be unmodified or modified using acid, enzymes, alkaline, bleached, oxidized, acetylated, hydroxpropylated, octenylsuccinic anhydride, carboxyethylated, phosphate, hydroxypropyl, and acetylated oxidated) , cationic, cold water, pregelatinized and instant starch.
  • the balance of the disclosed compositions comprises a carrier.
  • the carrier can be any suitable material that can dissolve the active ingredients and co-ingredients.
  • Water is a convenient carrier for liquid embodiments of the disclosed composition Formulations
  • compositions are non-limiting examples of the disclosed compositions:
  • compositions can be used for various applications with the application methods and dosage regimens dictated by the needs and demand.
  • Liquid applications usually consist of a composition that is enough to make contact with the underground rock formations to create the sinus or fractures in the layers of shale and coal beds where these trapped reservoirs of natural gas or oil occur.
  • the sinus created will allow the trapped mixture to travel to the well point to be extracted.
  • the acidic composition must be adequate enough so when under high pressure and increased temperature it remains stable and also makes contact with any pregnant rocks will free its contents.
  • the main advantage of the gel is its thickness which will allow the embodied composition a longer contact period with the rocks and fill the voids created by the escaped gas and oil. This also must be stable at elevated temperature and under high pressure.
  • compositions and methods are effective in preventing and/or releasing stuck pipes that are a physical limitation in the drilling process associated with hydraulic fracturing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent exposé concerne des compositions et des procédés qui sont efficaces dans le procédé de fracturation hydraulique et de forage de l'industrie de l'énergie par utilisation de formes d'acides non corrosives mais hautement efficaces. Les compositions exposées comprennent un système acide non corrosif comprenant un acide organique, un tampon de pH, un tensioactif, un agent épaississant ; tous dans une composition aqueuse.
PCT/US2014/024978 2013-03-12 2014-03-12 Compositions pour la fracturation hydraulique et le forage WO2014165249A1 (fr)

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US201361778178P 2013-03-12 2013-03-12
US61/778,178 2013-03-12

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9879171B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2018-01-30 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Drilling mud composition with Aloe vera particles and a fracking process using the same
WO2023250194A1 (fr) * 2022-06-23 2023-12-28 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Fluide de forage à alcalinité à ajustement automatique

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5620946A (en) * 1992-03-17 1997-04-15 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing combinations of surfactants and derivatives of succininc acylating agent or hydroxyaromatic compounds and methods of using the same
US6024170A (en) * 1998-06-03 2000-02-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of treating subterranean formation using borate cross-linking compositions
US20060205605A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Dessinges Marie N Well treatment composition crosslinkers and uses thereof
US7192527B2 (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-03-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Processes for removing oil from solid wellbore materials and produced water
US7566686B2 (en) * 2004-11-29 2009-07-28 Clearwater International, Llc Shale inhibition additive for oil/gas down hole fluids and methods for making and using same
US7584791B2 (en) * 2007-02-08 2009-09-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for reducing the viscosity of treatment fluids comprising diutan
US7942215B2 (en) * 2007-01-23 2011-05-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drilling fluids for oil and gas reservoirs with high carbonate contents
US8091644B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2012-01-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Microemulsion or in-situ microemulsion for releasing stuck pipe
US20120177747A1 (en) * 2011-01-09 2012-07-12 Noble Ion, Llc Compositions and Methods for Treating Lameness in Hoofed Domesticated Animals Due to Hairy Foot Warts and Foot Rot
US20130025863A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2013-01-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods for Servicing Subterranean Wells

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5620946A (en) * 1992-03-17 1997-04-15 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing combinations of surfactants and derivatives of succininc acylating agent or hydroxyaromatic compounds and methods of using the same
US6024170A (en) * 1998-06-03 2000-02-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of treating subterranean formation using borate cross-linking compositions
US7192527B2 (en) * 2004-08-10 2007-03-20 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Processes for removing oil from solid wellbore materials and produced water
US8091644B2 (en) * 2004-09-03 2012-01-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Microemulsion or in-situ microemulsion for releasing stuck pipe
US7566686B2 (en) * 2004-11-29 2009-07-28 Clearwater International, Llc Shale inhibition additive for oil/gas down hole fluids and methods for making and using same
US20060205605A1 (en) * 2005-03-08 2006-09-14 Dessinges Marie N Well treatment composition crosslinkers and uses thereof
US7942215B2 (en) * 2007-01-23 2011-05-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drilling fluids for oil and gas reservoirs with high carbonate contents
US7584791B2 (en) * 2007-02-08 2009-09-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods for reducing the viscosity of treatment fluids comprising diutan
US20130025863A1 (en) * 2010-11-30 2013-01-31 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods for Servicing Subterranean Wells
US20120177747A1 (en) * 2011-01-09 2012-07-12 Noble Ion, Llc Compositions and Methods for Treating Lameness in Hoofed Domesticated Animals Due to Hairy Foot Warts and Foot Rot

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9879171B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2018-01-30 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Drilling mud composition with Aloe vera particles and a fracking process using the same
US10442971B2 (en) 2016-02-11 2019-10-15 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Hydro-fracking method using an aloe vera fracturing fluid
WO2023250194A1 (fr) * 2022-06-23 2023-12-28 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Fluide de forage à alcalinité à ajustement automatique

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