Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/538—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00

Definitions

• the disclosure generally relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• the disclosure provides novel inhibitors of HIV, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods for using these compounds in the treatment of HIV infection.
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as the etiological agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a fatal disease characterized by destruction of the immune system and the inability to fight off life threatening opportunistic infections.
• AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• Recent statistics indicate that as many as 33.3 million people worldwide are infected with the virus (UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2010). In addition to the large number of individuals already infected, the virus continues to spread. Estimates from 1998 point to close to 6 million new infections in that year alone. In the same year there were approximately 2.5 million deaths associated with HIV and AIDS.
• antiviral drugs available to combat the infection. These drugs can be divided into classes based on the viral protein they target or their mode of action. In particular, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfmavir atazanavir darunavir, amprenavir, fosamprenavir, lopinavir and tipranavir are competitive inhibitors of the aspartyl protease expressed by HIV.
• Zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine, emtricitibine, tenofovir and abacavir are nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors that behave as substrate mimics to halt viral cDNA synthesis.
• the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz and etravirine inhibit the synthesis of viral cDNA via a non-competitive (or uncompetitive) mechanism.
• Enfuvirtide and maraviroc inhibit the entry of the virus into the host cell.
• HIV integrase inhibitor MK-0518, Isentress ®
• Isentress ® An HIV integrase inhibitor, raltegravir
• the invention provides technical advantages, for example, the compounds are novel and are useful in the treatment of HIV. Additionally, the compounds provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example, with regard to one or more of their mechanism of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, or bioavailability.
• the invention encompasses compounds of Formula I, including
• One aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I
• R 1 is -CON(R 7 )(R 8 ); or R 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenoxy, Ar 1 ,
• R 2 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 3 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl; or R 3 is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, chromanyl, oxazinyl, or dihydropyranoquinolinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkeny
• R 4 is alkyl or haloalkyl
• R 5 is alkyl
• R 6 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 7 is Ar 1 or (Ar ⁇ alkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl
• Ar 1 is phenyl or pyridinyl and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and alkenyloxy;
• X 1 is -CONH-; or X 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl;
• X 2 is phenyl or benzyl and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• X 3 is O or absent;
• X 4 is alkylene or alkenylene
• X 5 is O or absent
• X 6 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 halo or alkyl substituents; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• R 1 is -CON(R 7 )(R 8 ); or R 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, Ar 1 , (Ar ⁇ alkyl, and (Ar ⁇ O;
• R 2 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 3 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl;
• R 3 is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, chromanyl, oxazinyl, or dihydropyranoquinolinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl;
• R 4 is alkyl or haloalkyl
• R 5 is alkyl
• R 6 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 7 is Ar 1 or (Ar ⁇ alkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl
• Ar 1 is phenyl or pyridinyl and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and alkenyloxy;
• X 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl;
• X 2 is benzyl wherein the benzyl can be substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy;
• X 3 is O or absent;
• X 4 is alkylene or alkenylene;
• X 5 is O or absent
• X 6 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 halo or alkyl substituents;
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where
• R 1 is -CON(R 7 )(R 8 ); or R 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, Ar 1 , (Ar ⁇ alkyl, and (Ar l )0;
• R 2 is hydrogen
• R 3 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl, homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl; or R 3 is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, chromanyl, oxazinyl, or dihydropyranoquinolinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkeny
• R 4 is alkyl
• R 5 is alkyl
• R 6 is hydrogen
• R 7 is (Ar ⁇ alkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen
• Ar 1 is phenyl or pyridinyl and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and alkenyloxy; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R 1 is
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, Ar 1 , (Ar ⁇ alkyl, and (Ar ⁇ O.
• R 3 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, homopiperidinyl,
• homopiperazinyl, or homomorpholinyl is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl.
• R 3 is piperidinyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R 3 is piperidinyl substituted with 0-3 halo or alkyl substituents.
• R 3 is cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, chromanyl, oxazinyl, or dihydropyranoquinolinyl, and is substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula I where R 3 is chromanyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, alkenyloxy, and phenyl.
• R 3 is chromanyl substituted with 0-3 halo or alkyl substituents.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula II.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula II where X 1 is -CONH-.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula II where X 1 is pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, or phenyl.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula II where X 2 is phenyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula II where X 2 is benzyl substituted with 0-3 substituents selected from cyano, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, and haloalkoxy.
• Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula II where X 6 is piperidinyl substituted with 0-3 halo or alkyl substituents.
• any instance of a variable substituent including R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , Ar 1 , X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , and X 6 , can be used independently with the scope of any other instance of a variable substituent.
• the invention includes combinations of the different aspects.
• Alkyl means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 1 to 6 carbons.
• Alkenyl means a straight or branched alkyl group composed of 2 to 6 carbons with at least one double bond.
• Alkylene means a straight or branched divalent alkyl group composed of 1 to 6 carbons.
• Alkenylene means a straight or branched divalent alkene group composed of 2 to 6 carbons with at least one double bond.
• Cycloalkyl means a monocyclic ring system composed of 3 to 7 carbons.
• Haldroxyalkyl alkoxy and other terms with a substituted alkyl moiety include straight and branched isomers composed of 1 to 6 carbon atoms for the alkyl moiety.
• Halo includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
• Halo includes all halogenated isomers from monohalo substituted to perhalo substituted in substituents defined with halo, for example, “Haloalkyl” and “haloalkoxy", “halophenyl”, “halophenoxy.”
• Aryl includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic substituents.
• the invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those in which the counter ions do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. These salts can be made according to common organic techniques employing commercially available reagents. Some anionic salt forms include acetate, acistrate, besylate, bromide, chloride, citrate, fumarate, glucouronate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, iodide, lactate, maleate, mesylate, nitrate, pamoate, phosphate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate, and xinofoate.
• Some cationic salt forms include ammonium, aluminum, benzathine, bismuth, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diethanolamine, lithium, magnesium, meglumine, 4-phenylcyclohexylamine, piperazine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc.
• the invention includes all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds including enantiomers and diastereromers. Methods of making and separating stereoisomers are known in the art.
• the invention includes all tautomeric forms of the compounds.
• the invention includes atropisomers and rotational isomers.
• the invention is intended to include all isotopes of atoms occurring in the present compounds. Isotopes include those atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
• isotopes of hydrogen include deuterium and tritium.
• Isotopes of carbon include 13 C and 14 C.
• Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent otherwise employed. Such compounds may have a variety of potential uses, for example as standards and reagents in determining biological activity. In the case of stable isotopes, such compounds may have the potential to favorably modify biological, pharmacological, or pharmacokinetic properties.
• a recombinant NL-Rluc virus was constructed in which a section of the nef gene from NL4-3 was replaced with the Renilla
• the NL-RLuc virus was prepared by co-transfection of two plasmids, pNLRLuc and pVSVenv.
• the pNLRLuc contains the NL-Rluc DNA cloned into pUC18 at the PvuW site, while the pVSVenv contains the gene for VSV G protein linked to an LTR promoter. Transfections were performed at a 1 :3 ratio of pNLRLuc to pVSVenv in 293T cells using the LipofectAMINE PLUS kit from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer, and the pseudotype virus generated was titered in MT-2 cells.
• the titrated virus was used to infect MT-2 cells in the presence of compound, and after 5 days of incubation, cells were processed and quantitated for virus growth by the amount of expressed luciferase. This provides a simple and easy method for quantitating the extent of virus growth and consequently, the antiviral activity of test compounds. Luciferase was quantitated using the Dual Luciferase kit from Promega (Madison, WI).
• Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Another aspect of the invention is the use of a compound of formula I in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of AIDS or HIV infection.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating HIV infection in a human patient comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a therapeutically effective amount of at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from the group consisting of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
• nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a non- nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV protease inhibitor.
• HIV protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfmavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and fosamprenavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV fusion inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV attachment inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CCR5 inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CCR5 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Sch-C, Sch-D, TAK-220, PRO-140, and UK- 427,857, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CXCR4 inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-3100, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV budding or maturation inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the budding or maturation inhibitor is PA-457, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is an HIV integrase inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with at least one other agent used for treatment of AIDS or HIV infection selected from the group consisting of nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, HIV fusion inhibitors, HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV budding or maturation inhibitors, and HIV integrase inhibitors, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Another aspect of the invention is the composition wherein the agent is a nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
• nucleoside HIV transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, stavudine, tenofovir, zalcitabine, and zidovudine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• composition wherein the agent is a non- nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
• composition wherein the non- nucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of delavirdine, efavirenz, and nevirapine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• composition wherein the agent is an HIV protease inhibitor.
• compositions wherein the HIV protease inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of amprenavir, atazanavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfmavir, ritonavir, saquinavir and fosamprenavir, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the agent is an HIV fusion inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is the composition method wherein the HIV fusion inhibitor is enfuvirtide or T-1249, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• composition wherein the agent is an HIV attachment inhibitor.
• composition wherein the agent is a CCR5 inhibitor.
• composition wherein the CCR5 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of Sch-C, Sch-D, TAK-220, PRO- 140, and UK-427,857, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the agent is a CXCR4 inhibitor.
• Another aspect of the invention is a method wherein the CXCR4 inhibitor is AMD-3100 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• composition wherein the agent is an HIV budding or maturation inhibitor.
• composition wherein the budding or maturation inhibitor is PA-457, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• compositions wherein the agent is an HIV integrase inhibitor.
• “Combination,” “coadministration,” “concurrent” and similar terms referring to the administration of a compound of Formula I with at least one anti-HIV agent mean that the components are part of a combination antiretroviral therapy or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.
• HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
• “Therapeutically effective” means the amount of agent required to provide a meaningful patient benefit as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection. In general, the goals of treatment are suppression of viral load, restoration and preservation of immunologic function, improved quality of life, and reduction of HIV-related morbidity and mortality.
• Patient means a person infected with the HIV virus and suitable for therapy as understood by practitioners in the field of AIDS and HIV infection.
• compositions comprised of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and may contain conventional excipients.
• a therapeutically effective amount is that which is needed to provide a meaningful patient benefit.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are those conventionally known carriers having acceptable safety profiles.
• Compositions encompass all common solid and liquid forms including capsules, tablets, losenges, and powders as well as liquid suspensions, syrups, elixers, and solutions. Compositions are made using common formulation techniques, and conventional excipients (such as binding and wetting agents) and vehicles (such as water and alcohols) are generally used for compositions. See, for example,
• compositions are normally formulated in dosage units and compositions providing from about 1 to 1000 mg of the active ingredient per dose are preferred. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg, 10 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, and 1000 mg. Generally, other antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 0.25-1000 mg/unit.
• Liquid compositions are usually in dosage unit ranges. Generally, the liquid composition will be in a unit dosage range of 1-100 mg/mL. Some examples of dosages are 1 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 100 mg/mL.
• antiretroviral agents will be present in a unit range similar to agents of that class used clinically. Typically, this is 1-100 mg/mL.
• the invention encompasses all conventional modes of administration; oral and parenteral methods are preferred.
• the dosing regimen will be similar to other antiretroviral agents used clinically.
• the daily dose will be 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily.
• more compound is required orally and less parenterally.
• the specific dosing regime will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.
• the invention also encompasses methods where the compound is given in combination therapy. That is, the compound can be used in conjunction with, but separately from, other agents useful in treating AIDS and HIV infection.
• Some of these agents include HIV attachment inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, HIV cell fusion inhibitors, HIV integrase inhibitors, HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, budding and maturation inhibitors, immunomodulators, and anti- infectives.
• the compound of Formula I will generally be given in a daily dose of 1-100 mg/kg body weight daily in conjunction with other agents.
• the other agents generally will be given in the amounts used therapeutically. The specific dosing regime, however, will be determined by a physician using sound medical judgement.
• the compounds of this invention can be made by various methods known in the art including those of the following schemes and in the specific embodiments section.
• the structure numbering and variable numbering shown in the synthetic schemes are distinct from, and should not be confused with, the structure or variable numbering in the claims or the rest of the specification.
• the variables in the schemes are meant only to illustrate how to make some of the compounds of this invention.
• the disclosure is not limited to the foregoing illustrative examples and the examples should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing examples, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced.
• Abbreviations used in the schemes and examples generally follow
• KHMDS potasium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
• DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
• Intermediates 1-4 can be prepared by procedure well known in the art or as set forth in the examples below using compound I-l, 1-2 and compound 1-3. Intermediates 1-4 are convenietly transformed to intermediates 1-6 via intermediates 1-5 using conditions well-known to those skilled in the art. Intermedates 1-6 are converted to ketoester intermediates 1-8 by a well-known conditions, including but not limited to using sulfonium salt 1-7. Intermediates 1-8 are reduced to chiral intermediates 1-9 using well-known conditions in the presence of catalytic chiral Lewis acid.
• Intermediates 1-9 are converted to the intermediates I- 10 by well-known conditions, including but not limited to tertiary-butyl acetate and perchloric acid.
• Intermediates I- 10 are conveniettly transformed to intermediates I- 11 using conditions well-known in the art, including but not limited to the Suzuki coupling between intermediates I- 10 and R 2 -B(OR) 2 .
• the boronate or boronic acid coupling reagents are commercially availible or are prepared by reactions well-known to those skilled in the art (PCT Appln. WO20090662285).
• the diester intermediates 1-11 are regioselectively converted to monocaboxylic acid intermediates 1-12 by methods well-known in the art.
• Intermediates 1-12 are convenitely converted to intermediates 1-13 by conditions well-known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to HATU.
• the intermediates 1-13 were transformed to final compounds 1-14 by conditions well known in the literature. Scheme I.
• ethyl 2- (diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate 13.04 ml, 62.4 mmol was added at once followed by KOtBu (12.80 g, 114 mmol) over 5 min while maintaining bath temperature between 15-20 °C.
• reaction was treated with additional oxone (6.25 g, 10.17 mmol) and stirred for 4.5 hrs.
• the reaction mixture was then diluted with ethyl acetate (250 mL), the layers were separated and organic layer was washed with water (2 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried (MgS0 4 ), filtered and concentrated, affording an orange oil which solidified upon standing.
• This was dissolved in CH 2 C1 2 (50 mL) and MeOH (15 mL) and then treated with TMS- diazomethane, 2.0 M in hexanes (2.0 mL, 4.00 mmol) and stirred for 30 min at room temperature.
• the examples 13-20 could be prepared using methyl 2-(2-(3-bromophenyl)-6- methyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridin-5-yl)-2-oxoacetate and by following procedures for examples 1-12 or conditions well known in the art.
• reaction mixture was diluted with ether (100 mL), washed with water (10 mL), 1M HCl (10 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried (MgS0 4 ), filtered, concentrated and purified by flash chromatography using 10 and 15% EtOAc/Hex to afford tert-butyl 8-methyl-10- (((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)pyrido[l,2-b]indazole-9-carboxylate (0.466 g, 1.083 mmol, 1.907 %> yield over two steps) as pale yellow solid and contaminated with impurities.
• Methyl 2- ( 8-methyl-l 0-((( trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)pyrido[ 1, 2-bJindazol- 9-yl)-2-oxoacetate: To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 8-methyl-10- (((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)pyrido[l,2-b]indazole-9-carboxylate (0.46 g, 1.069 mmol) in CH 2 CI 2 (5 mL) was added TFA (2.5 mL) at rt. After 8 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated and resulting residue was used in the next step without purification. LCMS (M+H) 375.05.
• (2S)-2-(tert-Butoxy)-2-(10-(8-fluoro-5-methylchroman-6-yl)-8- methylpyrido[l,2-b]indazol-9-yl)acetic acid To the above crude (2S)-methyl 2-(tert- butoxy)-2-(10-(8-fiuoro-5-methylchroman-6-yl)-8-methylpyrido[l,2-b]indazol-9- yl)acetate was added MeOH (1 mL) and 1M NaOH (0.337 ml, 0.337 mmol) and heated at reflux for 16 h. LCMS at this point showed presence of unreacted ester and desired product.
• tert-Butyl 4-(but-3-en-l-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate To a solution of 1-tert-butyl 4-methyl 4-(but-3-en-l-yl)piperidine-l,4-dicarboxylate (21.2 g, 71.3 mmol) in THF (300 mL) at 0 °C was added 2M LAH/THF (35.6 mL, 71.3 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and then stirred at room temp for 2 h.
• tert-Butyl 4-(but-3-en-l-yl)-4-(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)piperidine-l- carboxylate Ms-Cl (5.59 mL, 71.7 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 °C to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-(but-3-en-l-yl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (16.1 g, 59.8 mmol) TEA (16.66 mL, 120 mmol) and DMAP (0.365 g, 2.99 mmol) in CH 2 CI 2 (300 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temp for 2 h.
• tert-Butyl 4-(but-3-en-l-yl)-4-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(but-3 -en- 1 -yl)-4-(((methylsulfonyl)oxy)methyl)piperidine- 1 - carboxylate (17 g, 48.9 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was added 1M solution of
• tert-Butyl 2,2,2- trichloroacetimidate (331 mg, 1.513 mmol) in fluorobenzene (0.5 mL) was then added and the mixture was heated for heated at 40° C for 4 h. At this point LCMS indicates approx 60% conversion so another 5 equiv of tert-butyl 2,2,2- trichloroacetimidate was added and the mixture was heated for 16 h. Then cooled to room temp, water was added and the mixture was extracted with ether (25 mL), dried (Na 2 S0 4 ), filtered and concentrated.
• reaction was stirred 3 h while allowing it to warm to 0 °C.
• the reaction mixture cooled in ice-bath and carefully quenched with water (3 mL), 15% aq. NaOH (3 ml) and water (8 mL). Then, the reaction mixture was stirred for additional 1 h at room temperature and the resulting solids were removed by filtering. The filter cake was washed with ether and combined filtrate dried (Na 2 S0 4 ), filtered and
• tert-Butyl 4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate Under an N2 atmosphere, a 3N solution in ether of methylmagnesium bromide (1.67 mL, 5.02 mmol) was added dropwise to a cooled (-25°C) solution of tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-4- methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate (4g, 20.08 mmol) in ether (20 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to rt and was stirred for 2 h. It was then cooled to 0°C and quenched by the addition of sat. aq. ammonium chloride.
• tert-Butyl 4-(allyloxy)-4-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate To a mixture of tert- butyl 4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidine-l-carboxylate (4.30 g, 20.0 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) at 0°C was added NaH (60 wt%) (1.60 g, 39.9 mmol). The mixture was then stirred at rt for 2h. At this time allyl bromide (8.64 mL, 100 mmol) was added slowly over the course of 5 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3h. It was then cooled to 0°C and quenched with sat. aq. ammonium chloride.
• tert-butyl 2,2,2- trichloroacetimidate 3545 mg, 16.22 mmol
• fluorobenzene 2 mL
• LCMS indicates approx 50% conversion so 2 g of tert-butyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate in fluorobenze (3 mL) was added and flask was sealed, heated at 40°C for another 16 h.
• LCMS indiactes completion of reaction.
• Mixture was then diluted with hexanes ( 50 mL) and solids were filtered off and washed with hexane. the organic layer was washed with water, dried (Na2S04), filtered and concentrated.
• 2-(2-((tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl)ethanol To a solution of tert- butyl(2-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)phenoxy)dimethylsilane (8.87 g, 24.19 mmol) in ethanol (100 mL) was added PPTS (0.608 g, 2.419 mmol) and the mixture was heated at 50 °C for lh.
• the reaction was stoppered and placed in a -40°C freezer for 60 hrs.
• the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (300 mL) and washed with sat. Na 2 C0 3 (150 mL).
• the mixture was stirred vigorously for 30 min, and the organic phase washed with sat Na 2 C0 3 (2 x 50 mL), brine, then dried (MgSC ⁇ ), filtered, and concentrated.
• the residue was purified by biotage (220 g Si0 2 , 0% (3 CV), 0-50% (10 CV), 50% (2 CV), EtOAc in hexanes).
• the reaction was treated with additional Hoveyda-Grubbs cat., 2nd gen. (8.68 mg, 0.014 mmol) and stirring was continued for 2 hrs then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was stored at 4°C for 16 hrs.
• the residue was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL), treated with 10 wt% Pd / C (0.018 g, 0.017 mmol) and hydrogen gas (balloon), and stirred for 3 hrs.
• the reaction was treated with additional 10 wt% Pd / C (0.018 g, 0.017 mmol), re-charged with 3 ⁇ 4 (g) and stirred for 3 hrs.
• the reaction was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue in MeOH (1.5 mL) was treated with 10 wt% Pd/C (0.012 g, 0.110 mmol), then three times evacuated and back-filled with 3 ⁇ 4 gas (balloon). The reaction was stirred for 3.5 hrs then filtered (0.45 ⁇ syringe tip filter) and the filtrate was concentrated. The reaction was re-initiated using fresh MeOH (1.5 mL) and 10 wt% Pd/C (0.012 g, 0.110 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 4.5 hrs, then filtered (0.45 ⁇ syringe tip filter). The filtrate was treated with 1.0 N NaOH (0.304 ml,

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