WO2014155957A1

WO2014155957A1 - Electrical leakage detector

Info

Publication number: WO2014155957A1
Application number: PCT/JP2014/000959
Authority: WO
Inventors: 英司岩見
Original assignee: パナソニック株式会社
Priority date: 2013-03-29
Filing date: 2014-02-24
Publication date: 2014-10-02
Also published as: JP6369775B2; JP2014199718A

Abstract

An electrical leakage detector (1) is provided with a zero phase current transformer (11) through which an AC system passes, a calculation unit (12) for calculating a calculated value using the output current from the zero phase current transformer (11), and an electrical leakage detection unit (14) for outputting an electrical leakage detection signal indicating that electrical leakage is occurring in the AC system to a circuit breaking mechanism on the basis of the calculated value of the calculation unit (12). The electrical leakage detection unit (14) determines that there is an electrical leakage state and outputs an electrical leakage detection signal to the circuit breaking mechanism if the calculated values for at least a prescribed fraction of a plurality of contiguous half-wave waveforms in the output current are above an electrical leakage level. As a result of this configuration, the electrical leakage detector (1) is capable of distinguishing electrical leakage phenomena from non-leakage phenomena such as the anti-inrush noise, and the like, output from inverters, and the like, and more accurately determining whether there is electrical leakage.

Description

Earth leakage detector

The present invention relates to a leakage detection device that cuts off an electric path from a commercial power source to a load by detecting leakage and stops leakage.

Conventionally, in order to ensure electrical safety, leakage detectors are used in control panels and the like. For example, the leakage detection device has a leakage current in the AC circuit according to the detection output of a zero-phase current transformer (ZCT: Zero phase current transformer) in which all three three-phase power lines penetrate the core of one current transformer. It is determined whether or not it has occurred. In other words, when there is no leakage, the sum of the currents flowing through the three wires becomes 0, but when any phase leaks to the ground, the balance of the current sum is lost, and both ends of the coil of the zero-phase current transformer (ZCT) In addition, an induced voltage corresponding to the leakage current is detected. Therefore, in the leakage detection device, it is possible to determine whether or not a leakage current has occurred in the electric circuit by detecting the output current of the coil of the zero-phase current transformer (ZCT).

Some earth leakage detection devices count the time and frequency of signals exceeding the earth leakage detection threshold so as to prevent malfunction due to noise transmitted through the lead-in wire such as lightning surge.

By the way, an inverter device used for speed control of an AC motor uses insulated wiring as input / output wiring. When a current containing harmonics flows in the electric wire of the inverter device, a so-called “inverter harmonic leakage current” may flow from the core of the wiring toward the ground side through the impedance of the wiring. FIG. 5A shows an example of the waveform of the leakage current of the inverter device, and it can be seen that a burst-like leakage current (anti-inrush noise resistance) flows for each switching operation. Since the leakage current from the inverter device increases as the wiring is longer and the switching frequency is higher, this leakage current causes the leakage detection device to malfunction. Therefore, the leakage detection device needs to maintain the accuracy of leakage detection even when there is waveform distortion such as leakage current from the inverter device.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the leakage detecting device 103 includes an integrating unit 101 that integrates the output voltage of the zero-phase current transformer 100 and stores an integrated value related to the leakage phenomenon in the calculation result storage unit 102. It is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

JP 2012-202705 A

However, the leakage current from the conventional inverter device has a complicated distortion waveform as shown in FIG. 5A. If the leakage current is determined simply using the threshold value Th or the like, the leakage circuit breaker malfunctions. Result.

In addition, in the above-mentioned conventional leakage detection device, the leakage detection device cannot be distinguished from the leakage phenomenon such as the half-wave leakage phenomenon and sine wave waveform defined by the standard and the non-leakage phenomenon of inrush noise resistance from the inverter device. There is also a possibility of malfunction.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can detect a leakage phenomenon and a non-leakage phenomenon such as anti-rush noise output from an inverter device and the like, and can perform a more accurate leakage determination. An object is to provide a detection device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a zero-phase current transformer through which an AC system passes, an arithmetic unit that calculates an arithmetic value using an output current from the zero-phase current transformer, and an arithmetic operation of the arithmetic unit And a leakage detecting device that outputs a leakage detection signal indicating that leakage has occurred in the AC system to the interruption mechanism based on the value, wherein the leakage detection unit is a continuous output current. Among the plurality of half-wave waveforms, when the calculated value of the half-wave at least a predetermined ratio is equal to or higher than the leakage level, the leakage detection signal is output to the interruption mechanism unit by assuming that the leakage state is present. is there.

In this leakage detection device, the leakage detection unit regards the leakage detection signal as a leakage state when the calculated value of at least two half waves of the continuous three half-wave waveforms is equal to or higher than the leakage level. It is preferable to output.

In this leakage detection device, the leakage detection unit considers the leakage detection signal as a leakage state when the calculated value of two consecutive half-waves is equal to or higher than the leakage level among the continuous three half-wave waveforms. It is preferable to output to the part.

In this leakage detection device, the leakage detection unit, when the calculated value of the first half wave is equal to or higher than the leakage level and the calculated value of the second half wave is less than the leakage level among the continuous three half-wave waveforms, When the calculated value of the third half-wave is equal to or higher than the leakage level, it is preferable that the leakage detection signal is output to the interruption mechanism unit by regarding the leakage state.

In this leakage detection device, it is preferable that the calculated value is one of an effective value of the output current from the zero-phase current transformer, an average value of the output current, or an integral value of the output current.

Further, according to the present invention, a leakage current is generated in the AC system based on the calculation step of calculating the calculation value using the output current from the zero-phase current transformer through which the AC system passes, and the calculation value in the calculation step. A leakage detection step for outputting a leakage detection signal indicating that the leakage current is present to the interruption mechanism, and among the plurality of continuous half-wave waveforms of the output current, the calculated value of at least a predetermined half-wave is equal to or higher than the leakage level. A program for causing a computer to execute a determination step of considering the leakage state and outputting the leakage detection signal to the interruption mechanism unit.

In this program, in the determination step, when the calculated value of at least two half-waves of the continuous three half-wave waveforms is equal to or higher than the leakage level, the leakage detection signal is output to the interruption mechanism unit by regarding the leakage state. It is preferable.

According to the leakage detection device according to the present invention, when the effective value of at least a predetermined half-wave or more of the plurality of continuous half-wave waveforms of the output current from the zero-phase current transformer is equal to or higher than the leakage level, the leakage The leakage detection signal is output to the interrupting mechanism unit. With this configuration, according to the present invention, it is possible to distinguish between a leakage phenomenon and a non-leakage phenomenon such as anti-inrush noise output from an inverter device and the like, and a more accurate leakage determination can be performed.

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a leakage detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a waveform stored in a waveform storage unit included in the leakage detection device. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a leakage detection method of a leakage detection unit provided in the leakage detection apparatus. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an operation procedure of the leakage detection apparatus. FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an example of a leakage current from a conventional inverter device, and FIG. 5B is a functional block diagram of a conventional leakage detection device.

(Embodiment)
An electrical leakage detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The leakage detection device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a zero-phase current transformer 11, a calculation unit 12, a waveform storage unit 13, and a leakage detection unit 14.

The zero-phase current transformer 11 includes, for example, an annular iron core (core) made of a magnetic material such as a soft magnetic material that penetrates a plurality of primary conductors that constitute an AC circuit through which a three-phase current flows. And a wound coil. In the zero-phase current transformer 11, when a difference occurs between the current flowing in the forward direction of the AC circuit and the current flowing in the return direction, a leakage current based on the difference is generated.

The arithmetic unit 12 measures the current by inserting a burden resistor into the circuit connected to the zero-phase current transformer 11 and detecting the voltage across the burden resistor. Moreover, the calculating part 12 has a function which performs the effective value calculation of the output current from the zero phase current transformer 11, an average value calculation, integrated value calculation, etc., and outputs these to the leak detection part 14 as a calculated value.

The calculation unit 12 may include an A / D conversion unit and an effective value calculation unit. The A / D converter converts an analog signal having a current waveform received from the zero-phase current transformer 11 into a digital signal. As a result, it is easy to obtain the calculated value for each output waveform, and the cause of the leakage is specified. Further, by making the output waveform a digital value, it becomes easy to take out the inside and outside of the leakage detection device 1 using a memory card or general-purpose digital communication means. The effective value calculation unit integrates the square value of the output current from the zero-phase current transformer 11 by one period, divides it by the time of one period, and obtains the square root of the value to obtain the effective value of the output current (leakage current) (Also called level). In this case, the leakage current can be detected with high accuracy.

It is also conceivable that the arithmetic unit 12 calculates the average value by integrating the absolute value of the output current for one period and dividing it by the time of one period. In this case, the amount of calculation can be reduced, and the leakage detection device 1 can be configured at low cost.

The waveform storage unit 13 is a memory unit for storing an output waveform from the zero-phase current transformer 11 during a predetermined period. In the present embodiment, the predetermined period is a period during which leakage from the output waveform can be discriminated in the leakage detection unit 14, for example, a period of at least three half-wave waveforms in which the output waveform is continuous.

Here, the output waveform stored in the waveform storage unit 13 will be described with reference to FIG. Examples of the output waveform stored in the waveform storage unit 13 include (1) half wave (pattern A), (2) anti-inrush noise (pattern B), and (3) sine wave (pattern C). Thus, by making the leakage waveform stored in the waveform storage unit 13 at least a continuous three-half wave waveform, it becomes efficient without requiring an unnecessarily large memory. Moreover, it can be used as specific information for more accurate leakage determination.

The leakage detection unit 14 is configured by a microcomputer or the like, and uses an algorithm for performing a determination process based on the calculation value of the calculation unit 12 to cut off a leakage detection signal indicating that a leakage has occurred in the AC system. Output to. The leakage detection signal is sent to a tripping coil (not shown) that opens the electric circuit contact as an interruption designation signal for opening the electric circuit contact of the AC electric circuit (for interrupting the AC electric circuit). As a result, the circuit contact of the AC circuit is opened.

The earth leakage detection unit 14 detects the earth leakage as a current leakage state when a calculated value such as an effective value or average value of at least a predetermined half or more of the half wave waveforms of continuous output current is equal to or higher than the earth leakage level. A signal is output to the blocking mechanism. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the leakage detection unit 14 has an effective value (mArms) calculated by the calculation unit 12 for each waveform and a predetermined leakage level T for three consecutive half-wave waveforms of the output current. Compare _h . Of the three consecutive half-wave waveform, in the case where the effective value of at least 2 half-waves exceeds a predetermined leakage level T _h, a leakage detection signal for opening the contacts of the electrical path (trip operation) external or internal Output to the shut-off mechanism.

More specifically, as shown in (3) of FIG. 3, the leakage detection unit 14 detects the leakage when the two consecutive half-waves of the output current are equal to or higher than the leakage level. Output a signal. Also, as shown in (1) of FIG. 3, when the first half-wave is greater than or equal to the leakage level and the adjacent second half-wave is less than the leakage level among the three half-wave waveforms in which the output current continues. In addition, when the third half wave is equal to or higher than the leakage level, a leakage detection signal is output. On the other hand, since the anti-inrush noise waveform of (2) in FIG. 3 does not satisfy the above algorithm, it is regarded as a non-leakage phenomenon. For this reason, the leakage detection device 1 can discriminate between the half-wave leakage phenomenon and the inrush noise resistance that is not the leakage phenomenon, and perform a more accurate leakage determination.

Incidentally, the leakage detection unit 14, for successive 3 halfwave waveform of the output current, it is also possible to compare the average value with a predetermined leakage level T _h that is calculated by the calculation unit 12 for each waveform. When this average value is used, it is accurate even if the leakage start phase is a leakage waveform that is not a zero point start and the effective value calculation result does not reach a predetermined leakage level, or the first waveform is a waveform that is difficult to determine as a leakage. Can be determined.

Next, the operation procedure of the leakage detection device 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. First, the leakage detection unit 14 detects whether or not the effective value of the first half wave is equal to or higher than the leakage level among the three half-wave waveforms in which the output current continues (S41). And when it becomes more than an electric leakage level (Y in S41), electric leakage detection part 14 detects whether the effective value of the 2nd half wave is more than an electric leakage level among three half wave waveforms with which output current continues. (S42). And when it becomes more than an electric leakage level (Y in S42), it determines with the electric leakage of the sine wave shown by (3) of FIG. 3, and sends an electric leakage detection signal to the interruption | blocking mechanism part (S43). Thereafter, the interruption of the electric circuit is manually released (S44).

On the other hand, if the effective value of the second half wave does not exceed the leakage level among the continuous three half wave waveforms of the output current (N in S42), the leakage detection unit 14 determines that the effective value of the third half wave is It is detected whether or not the leakage level is exceeded (S45). If the leakage level is equal to or higher than the leakage level (Y in S45), it is determined as a half-wave leakage in (1) of FIG. 3, and a leakage detection signal is sent to the interruption mechanism (S46). Thereafter, the disconnection of the electric circuit is manually canceled (S47).

In addition, when the leakage level does not exceed the leakage level in S45 (N in S45), the leakage detection unit 14 determines that the non-leakage phenomenon of the inrush noise resistance shown in (2) of FIG. 3 (S48), and then The processing from S41 is repeated.

As described above, the leakage detection unit 14 of the leakage detection apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment regards the leakage state as a leakage current state when the calculated value of at least two half waves of the continuous three half wave waveforms is equal to or higher than the leakage level. The leakage detection signal is output to the interruption mechanism. This leakage detection method distinguishes between half-wave leakage phenomena and sine wave leakage phenomena defined by the standard, and non-leakage phenomena such as anti-inrush noise due to leakage current from the inverter device that supplies power to the DC load. In addition, it is possible to make a more accurate leakage determination.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention can be realized as a leakage detection method using characteristic constituent means included in the leakage detection apparatus as a step, or as a program including these characteristic steps. You can also. The program can be distributed not only in the ROM, but also via a recording medium such as a USB memory or a communication network.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Leakage detection apparatus 11 Zero phase current transformer 12 Calculation part 13 Waveform memory part 14 Leakage detection part

Claims

A zero-phase current transformer through which the AC system passes,
A calculation unit for calculating a calculation value using an output current from the zero-phase current transformer;
In the leakage detection device, comprising: a leakage detection unit that outputs a leakage detection signal indicating that leakage has occurred in the AC system to the breaking mechanism unit based on the calculated value of the calculation unit;
The leakage detecting unit considers the leakage detection signal as a leakage state when the calculated value of at least a predetermined half or more of the half-wave waveforms of continuous output current is equal to or higher than a leakage level. A leakage detecting device characterized in that:
The leakage detection unit is regarded as a leakage state and outputs the leakage detection signal to the breaking mechanism unit when the calculated value of at least two half waves of the continuous three half-wave waveforms is equal to or higher than the leakage level. The leakage detection device according to claim 1.
The leakage detection unit outputs a leakage detection signal to the interrupting mechanism unit as a leakage state when a calculation value of two consecutive half-waves is equal to or higher than a leakage level among consecutive three half-wave waveforms. The leakage detecting device according to claim 2.
The leakage detection unit calculates the third half-wave when the calculated value of the first half wave is equal to or higher than the leakage level and the calculated value of the second half wave is less than the leakage level among the continuous three half-wave waveforms. 3. The leakage detecting device according to claim 2, wherein when the value is greater than or equal to the leakage level, the leakage detection signal is output to the interruption mechanism unit by regarding the leakage state.
The calculation value is any one of an effective value of an output current from the zero-phase current transformer, an average value of the output current, or an integral value of the output current. The leakage detection device according to any one of the above.
A calculation step for calculating a calculation value using an output current from a zero-phase current transformer through which the AC system passes,
Based on the calculation value in the calculation step, a leakage detection step of outputting a leakage detection signal indicating that leakage has occurred in the AC system to the breaking mechanism unit,
A determination step of considering the leakage state and outputting the leakage detection signal to the breaking mechanism unit when the calculated value of at least a predetermined half or more of the half waves of the output current is equal to or higher than the leakage level; , Causing a computer to execute.
In the determination step, when the calculated value of at least two half-waves of the continuous three half-wave waveforms is equal to or higher than the leakage level, the leakage detection signal is output to the interruption mechanism unit by regarding the leakage state. The program according to claim 6.