WO2014155447A1 - Remaining life determination device, remaining life determination system, and remaining life determination method - Google Patents

Remaining life determination device, remaining life determination system, and remaining life determination method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014155447A1
WO2014155447A1 PCT/JP2013/006749 JP2013006749W WO2014155447A1 WO 2014155447 A1 WO2014155447 A1 WO 2014155447A1 JP 2013006749 W JP2013006749 W JP 2013006749W WO 2014155447 A1 WO2014155447 A1 WO 2014155447A1
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Prior art keywords
lead battery
life
circuit voltage
open circuit
internal resistance
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PCT/JP2013/006749
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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琢磨 飯田
将弘 河口
和成 安藤
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パナソニック株式会社
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Publication of WO2014155447A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014155447A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a life determination device, a life determination system, and a life determination method for determining the life of a lead battery.
  • Secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged are used for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and the like.
  • the lifetime of the secondary battery is finite, and the performance of the secondary battery decreases as it is used. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the life of the secondary battery and take necessary measures such as replacement for the secondary battery having a short life.
  • Patent Document 1 Since Patent Document 1 has a relationship that the battery capacity (life) of a secondary battery increases as the internal resistance decreases, an invention for determining the degree of deterioration (life) of the secondary battery based on the internal resistance is disclosed. Are listed.
  • some lead batteries have a low battery capacity (within the range A in FIG. 1) even if the internal resistance is low, as shown in FIG. If the lifetime is determined based only on the determination, the determination accuracy is lowered.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a life determination device, a life determination system, and a life determination method that can improve the accuracy of the life determination of a lead battery.
  • the life determination apparatus of the present invention includes an open circuit voltage estimation unit that estimates an open circuit voltage of a lead battery, and a determination unit that determines the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold value. take.
  • the life determination system of the present invention includes a current measurement unit that measures a current flowing in a lead battery, a voltage measurement unit that measures a voltage of the lead battery, and an open circuit voltage of the lead battery based on the current and voltage of the lead battery.
  • An open circuit voltage estimating unit for estimating the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold is employed.
  • the life determination method of the present invention includes an open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating an open circuit voltage of a lead battery, and a determination step for determining the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold value.
  • the life determination accuracy of the lead battery can be improved by performing the life determination based on the open circuit voltage before performing the life determination based on the internal resistance for the lead battery.
  • the figure which shows the relationship between the battery capacity (horizontal axis) and internal resistance (vertical axis) of the lead battery The figure which shows the relationship between the battery capacity (horizontal axis) of the lead battery and the open circuit voltage (vertical axis)
  • the figure which shows the structure of the lifetime determination system which concerns on one embodiment of this invention Diagram showing the relationship between the current (horizontal axis) and voltage (vertical axis) of a lead battery
  • the inventor of the present invention among lead batteries, has a low internal resistance and a low battery capacity (in the range of A in FIG. 1). ) Is large, the battery capacity is low, and the open circuit voltage (OCV) after full charge is low (in the range of B in FIG. 2). I arrived.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of the life determination system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the life determination system 1 mainly includes a voltage measurement unit 10, a temperature measurement unit 20, a current measurement unit 30, an environmental temperature sensor 40, and a life determination device 50. .
  • the lead battery 2 has a substantially rectangular battery case serving as a battery container.
  • An electrode plate group is accommodated in the battery case.
  • a polymer resin such as polyethylene (PE) is used as the material of the battery case.
  • PE polyethylene
  • Each electrode plate group is formed by laminating a plurality of negative electrodes and positive electrodes with a separator interposed therebetween.
  • the upper part of the battery case is bonded or welded to an upper lid made of a polymer resin such as PE that seals the upper opening of the battery case.
  • a rod-shaped positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal for supplying electric power to the outside by using the lead battery 2 as a power source are erected on the upper lid.
  • the temperature sensor 21 is being fixed to the side part or bottom face part of a battery case.
  • the voltage measuring unit 10 has a differential amplifier circuit and the like, and measures the voltage of the liquid lead battery 2.
  • the temperature measuring unit 20 measures the temperature of the lead battery 2 in cooperation with a temperature sensor 21 such as a thermistor.
  • the current measuring unit 30 measures the current flowing through the lead battery 2 in cooperation with a current sensor 31 such as a Hall element.
  • the environmental temperature sensor 40 detects the environmental temperature of the lead battery 2.
  • the life determination device 50 determines the life (necessity of replacement) of the lead battery 2 based on the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit 10, the temperature measurement unit 20, and the current measurement unit 30.
  • the life determination device 50 includes an open circuit voltage estimation unit 101, a threshold setting unit 102, an internal resistance estimation unit 103, an internal resistance correction unit 104, a threshold storage unit 105, a switching unit 106, and a replacement necessity determination unit 107. And mainly consists of.
  • the open circuit voltage estimation unit 101 estimates an open circuit voltage (OCV) based on the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit 10 and the current measurement unit 30 and outputs the open circuit voltage to the switching unit 106.
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the open circuit voltage estimation unit 101 uses a square function (straight square) of a linear function equation (straight line) obtained by a least square method or the like based on a plurality of sets of measurement values VM and IM.
  • the intercept can be estimated as an open circuit voltage.
  • the threshold value setting unit 102 sets a first threshold value that serves as a reference when performing life determination based on the open circuit voltage based on the measurement result of the temperature measurement unit 20, and outputs the first threshold value to the switching unit 106. For example, the threshold setting unit 102 sets the first threshold higher as the temperature of the lead battery 2 is lower.
  • the internal resistance estimation unit 103 estimates the internal resistance based on the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit 10 and the current measurement unit 30, and outputs the estimation result to the internal resistance correction unit 104.
  • the internal resistance estimator 103 uses the slope of a linear function equation (straight line) obtained by a least square method or the like based on a plurality of sets of measured values VM and open circuit voltage estimator IM. Can be estimated as
  • the internal resistance correction unit 104 corrects the internal resistance estimated by the internal resistance estimation unit 103 using the environmental temperature of the lead battery 2 detected by the environmental temperature sensor 40, and supplies the corrected internal resistance to the switching unit 106. Output.
  • An example of a correction method in the internal resistance correction unit 104 is described in Patent Document 1.
  • the threshold value storage unit 105 stores a second threshold value that is a reference when performing life determination based on internal resistance, and outputs the second threshold value to the switching unit 106.
  • the switching unit 106 replaces either the open circuit voltage and the first set of the first threshold or the internal resistance and the second set of the second threshold according to the instruction of the control signal based on the user's operation. Output to.
  • the control signal is a signal for instructing to output the first set after the completion of push-in charging, and for outputting the second set before starting the normal charging.
  • the life determination based on the internal resistance is performed on the lead battery 2 for which the life determination based on the open circuit voltage has been performed.
  • the replacement necessity determination unit 107 compares the open circuit voltage with the first threshold value. The replacement necessity determination unit 107 determines that the lead battery 2 is deteriorated when the open circuit voltage is smaller than the first threshold, the life of the lead battery 2 is short, and the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced. When the voltage is equal to or higher than the first threshold, it is determined that it is not necessary to replace the lead battery 2. Thereby, it is possible to detect the lead battery 2 whose battery capacity is reduced due to a large amount of sulfation.
  • the replacement necessity determination unit 107 compares the internal resistance with the second threshold value.
  • the replacement necessity determination unit 107 determines that the lead battery 2 is deteriorated when the internal resistance is greater than the second threshold, the life of the lead battery 2 is short, and the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced. If the resistance is less than or equal to the second threshold value, it is determined that it is not necessary to replace the lead battery 2. Thereby, the lead battery 2 in which the battery capacity is reduced due to the increase in internal resistance can be detected.
  • the replacement necessity determination unit 107 outputs the determination result to another device (not shown).
  • a display for recommending the replacement of the lead battery 2 is performed.
  • the user When performing the life determination based on the open circuit voltage, the user first completes the push-in charging (ST201: YES), and then waits until a predetermined time elapses so that the voltage of the lead battery 2 becomes stable (ST202). : YES)
  • the life determination system 1 measures the voltage, temperature and current of the lead battery 2 (ST203). Next, the lifetime determination system 1 estimates an open circuit voltage (OCV) based on the measured voltage and current (ST204), and sets a first threshold ( ⁇ ) based on the measured temperature (ST205).
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the life determination system 1 compares the open circuit voltage with the first threshold value (ST206). And when the open circuit voltage is smaller than the first threshold (ST206: NO), the life determination system 1 has the lead battery 2 deteriorated, the life of the lead battery 2 is short, and the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced. Determine (ST207). On the other hand, when the open circuit voltage is equal to or higher than the first threshold value (ST206: YES), life determination system 1 determines that it is not necessary to replace lead battery 2 (ST208).
  • the life determination of the lead battery is improved by performing the life determination based on the open circuit voltage before performing the life determination based on the internal resistance for the lead battery. be able to.
  • the life determination system according to the present invention is suitable for use in determining the life of a lead battery.

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of the determination of the remaining life of a lead-acid battery. An open-circuit voltage estimation unit (101) estimates an open-circuit voltage (OCV) on the basis of the measurement results of a voltage measurement unit (10) and a current measurement unit (30). An internal resistance estimation unit (103) estimates an internal resistance on the basis of the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit (10) and the current measurement unit (30). A replacement necessity determination unit (107) determines the remaining life of a lead-acid battery (2) by comparing the open-circuit voltage and a first threshold value. Additionally, the replacement necessity determination unit (107) determines the remaining life of the lead-acid battery (2) by comparing the internal resistance and a second threshold value.

Description

寿命判定装置、寿命判定システムおよび寿命判定方法Life judging device, life judging system and life judging method
　本発明は、鉛電池の寿命を判定する寿命判定装置、寿命判定システムおよび寿命判定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a life determination device, a life determination system, and a life determination method for determining the life of a lead battery.
　電気自動車、ハイブリッド自動車等には、充電と放電が可能な二次電池が用いられている。二次電池の寿命は有限であり、二次電池の性能は、使用するにつれて電池容量（ＳＯＨ）が少なくなる。したがって、二次電池の寿命を判定し、寿命の短い二次電池については、交換等の必要な措置をとることが好ましい。 Secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged are used for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and the like. The lifetime of the secondary battery is finite, and the performance of the secondary battery decreases as it is used. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the life of the secondary battery and take necessary measures such as replacement for the secondary battery having a short life.
　特許文献１には、内部抵抗が低い程、二次電池の電池容量（寿命）が高くなるという関係があることから、内部抵抗に基づいて二次電池の劣化度（寿命）を判定する発明が記載されている。 Since Patent Document 1 has a relationship that the battery capacity (life) of a secondary battery increases as the internal resistance decreases, an invention for determining the degree of deterioration (life) of the secondary battery based on the internal resistance is disclosed. Are listed.
特開２０１２－１８５１２２号公報JP 2012-185122 A
　しかしながら、鉛電池の中には、図１に示すように、内部抵抗が低くても電池容量が低下しているもの（図１のＡの範囲のもの）もあるため、鉛電池について、内部抵抗のみに基づいて寿命判定を行うと判定精度が低下してしまう。 However, some lead batteries have a low battery capacity (within the range A in FIG. 1) even if the internal resistance is low, as shown in FIG. If the lifetime is determined based only on the determination, the determination accuracy is lowered.
　本発明の目的は、鉛電池の寿命判定の精度を高めることができる寿命判定装置、寿命判定システムおよび寿命判定方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a life determination device, a life determination system, and a life determination method that can improve the accuracy of the life determination of a lead battery.
　本発明の寿命判定装置は、鉛電池の開路電圧を推定する開路電圧推定部と、前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する判定部と、を具備する構成を採る。 The life determination apparatus of the present invention includes an open circuit voltage estimation unit that estimates an open circuit voltage of a lead battery, and a determination unit that determines the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold value. take.
　本発明の寿命判定システムは、鉛電池に流れる電流を計測する電流計測部と、前記鉛電池の電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、前記鉛電池の電流と電圧に基づいて前記鉛電池の開路電圧を推定する開路電圧推定部と、前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する判定部と、を具備する構成を採る。 The life determination system of the present invention includes a current measurement unit that measures a current flowing in a lead battery, a voltage measurement unit that measures a voltage of the lead battery, and an open circuit voltage of the lead battery based on the current and voltage of the lead battery. An open circuit voltage estimating unit for estimating the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold is employed.
　本発明の寿命判定方法は、鉛電池の開路電圧を推定する開路電圧推定ステップと、前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する判定ステップと、を具備する。 The life determination method of the present invention includes an open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating an open circuit voltage of a lead battery, and a determination step for determining the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold value.
　本発明によれば、鉛電池に対して、内部抵抗に基づく寿命判定を行う前に、開路電圧に基づく寿命判定を行うことにより、鉛電池の寿命判定の精度を高めることができる。 According to the present invention, the life determination accuracy of the lead battery can be improved by performing the life determination based on the open circuit voltage before performing the life determination based on the internal resistance for the lead battery.
鉛電池の電池容量（横軸）と内部抵抗（縦軸）との関係を示す図The figure which shows the relationship between the battery capacity (horizontal axis) and internal resistance (vertical axis) of the lead battery 鉛電池の電池容量（横軸）と開路電圧（縦軸）との関係を示す図The figure which shows the relationship between the battery capacity (horizontal axis) of the lead battery and the open circuit voltage (vertical axis) 本発明の一実施の形態に係る寿命判定システムの構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the lifetime determination system which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. 鉛電池の電流（横軸）と電圧（縦軸）との関係を示す図Diagram showing the relationship between the current (horizontal axis) and voltage (vertical axis) of a lead battery 本発明の一実施の形態に係る開路電圧に基づく寿命判定の流れを示すフロー図The flowchart which shows the flow of the lifetime determination based on the open circuit voltage which concerns on one embodiment of this invention
　本発明の発明者は、図２に示すように、鉛電池の中で、内部抵抗が低く、かつ、電池容量が低下しているもの（図１のＡの範囲のもの）は、サルフェーション（PbSO4）の発生量が大きいために電池容量が低下しているものであり、満充電後の開路電圧（ＯＣＶ）が低いもの（図２のＢの範囲のもの）であることを見出し、本発明をするに到った。 As shown in FIG. 2, the inventor of the present invention, among lead batteries, has a low internal resistance and a low battery capacity (in the range of A in FIG. 1). ) Is large, the battery capacity is low, and the open circuit voltage (OCV) after full charge is low (in the range of B in FIG. 2). I arrived.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、実施の形態を説明するための全図において、同一要素は原則として同一の符号を付し、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that components having the same function are denoted by the same reference symbols throughout the drawings for describing the embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
　図３は、本発明の一実施の形態１に係る寿命判定システムの構成を示す図である。図３に示すように、寿命判定システム１は、電圧計測部１０と、温度計測部２０と、電流計測部３０と、環境温度センサ４０と、寿命判定装置５０と、から主に構成されている。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of the life determination system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the life determination system 1 mainly includes a voltage measurement unit 10, a temperature measurement unit 20, a current measurement unit 30, an environmental temperature sensor 40, and a life determination device 50. .
　鉛電池２は、電池容器となる略角型の電槽を有している。電槽内には、極板群が収容されている。電槽の材質には、例えば、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）等の高分子樹脂が用いられる。各極板群は複数枚の負極板および正極板がセパレータを介して積層されている。電槽の上部は、電槽の上部開口を密閉するＰＥ等の高分子樹脂製の上蓋に接着ないし溶着されている。上蓋には、鉛電池２を電源として外部へ電力を供給するためのロッド状正極端子および負極端子が立設されている。なお、温度センサ２１は、電槽の側面部または底面部に固定されている。 The lead battery 2 has a substantially rectangular battery case serving as a battery container. An electrode plate group is accommodated in the battery case. For example, a polymer resin such as polyethylene (PE) is used as the material of the battery case. Each electrode plate group is formed by laminating a plurality of negative electrodes and positive electrodes with a separator interposed therebetween. The upper part of the battery case is bonded or welded to an upper lid made of a polymer resin such as PE that seals the upper opening of the battery case. A rod-shaped positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal for supplying electric power to the outside by using the lead battery 2 as a power source are erected on the upper lid. In addition, the temperature sensor 21 is being fixed to the side part or bottom face part of a battery case.
　電圧計測部１０は、差動増幅回路等を有し、液式鉛電池２の電圧を計測する。温度計測部２０は、サーミスタ等の温度センサ２１と協働して鉛電池２の温度を計測する。電流計測部３０は、ホール素子等の電流センサ３１と協働して鉛電池２に流れる電流を計測する。環境温度センサ４０は、鉛電池２の環境温度を検出する。寿命判定装置５０は、電圧計測部１０、温度計測部２０および電流計測部３０の計測結果に基づいて、鉛電池２の寿命（交換の要否）を判定する。 The voltage measuring unit 10 has a differential amplifier circuit and the like, and measures the voltage of the liquid lead battery 2. The temperature measuring unit 20 measures the temperature of the lead battery 2 in cooperation with a temperature sensor 21 such as a thermistor. The current measuring unit 30 measures the current flowing through the lead battery 2 in cooperation with a current sensor 31 such as a Hall element. The environmental temperature sensor 40 detects the environmental temperature of the lead battery 2. The life determination device 50 determines the life (necessity of replacement) of the lead battery 2 based on the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit 10, the temperature measurement unit 20, and the current measurement unit 30.
　寿命判定装置５０は、開路電圧推定部１０１と、閾値設定部１０２と、内部抵抗推定部１０３と、内部抵抗補正部１０４と、閾値記憶部１０５と、切替部１０６と、交換要否判定部１０７と、から主に構成されている。 The life determination device 50 includes an open circuit voltage estimation unit 101, a threshold setting unit 102, an internal resistance estimation unit 103, an internal resistance correction unit 104, a threshold storage unit 105, a switching unit 106, and a replacement necessity determination unit 107. And mainly consists of.
　開路電圧推定部１０１は、電圧計測部１０および電流計測部３０の計測結果に基づいて開路電圧（ＯＣＶ）を推定し、開路電圧を切替部１０６に出力する。例えば、開路電圧推定部１０１は、図４に示すように、複数組の測定値ＶＭ，ＩＭに基づいて最小二乗法等によって求められた一次関数式（直線）の□印（白抜き四角形）の切片を開路電圧として推定することができる。なお、直線近似においては、推定精度を向上させるため、電圧と電流の組を３組以上用いて開路電圧を推定することが好ましい。 The open circuit voltage estimation unit 101 estimates an open circuit voltage (OCV) based on the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit 10 and the current measurement unit 30 and outputs the open circuit voltage to the switching unit 106. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the open circuit voltage estimation unit 101 uses a square function (straight square) of a linear function equation (straight line) obtained by a least square method or the like based on a plurality of sets of measurement values VM and IM. The intercept can be estimated as an open circuit voltage. In the linear approximation, it is preferable to estimate the open circuit voltage using three or more sets of voltage and current in order to improve the estimation accuracy.
　閾値設定部１０２は、温度計測部２０の計測結果に基づいて、開路電圧に基づく寿命判定を行う際の基準となる第１閾値を設定し、第１閾値を切替部１０６に出力する。例えば、閾値設定部１０２は、鉛電池２の温度が低いほど第１閾値を高く設定する。 The threshold value setting unit 102 sets a first threshold value that serves as a reference when performing life determination based on the open circuit voltage based on the measurement result of the temperature measurement unit 20, and outputs the first threshold value to the switching unit 106. For example, the threshold setting unit 102 sets the first threshold higher as the temperature of the lead battery 2 is lower.
　内部抵抗推定部１０３は、電圧計測部１０および電流計測部３０の計測結果に基づいて内部抵抗を推定し、推定結果を内部抵抗補正部１０４に出力する。例えば、内部抵抗推定部１０３は、図４に示すように、複数組の測定値ＶＭ，開路電圧推定部ＩＭに基づいて最小二乗法等によって求められた一次関数式（直線）の傾きを内部抵抗として推定することができる。 The internal resistance estimation unit 103 estimates the internal resistance based on the measurement results of the voltage measurement unit 10 and the current measurement unit 30, and outputs the estimation result to the internal resistance correction unit 104. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the internal resistance estimator 103 uses the slope of a linear function equation (straight line) obtained by a least square method or the like based on a plurality of sets of measured values VM and open circuit voltage estimator IM. Can be estimated as
　内部抵抗補正部１０４は、環境温度センサ４０で検出された鉛電池２の環境温度を用いて、内部抵抗推定部１０３で推定された内部抵抗を補正し、補正後の内部抵抗を切替部１０６に出力する。なお、内部抵抗補正部１０４における補正方法の一例が特許文献１に記載されている。 The internal resistance correction unit 104 corrects the internal resistance estimated by the internal resistance estimation unit 103 using the environmental temperature of the lead battery 2 detected by the environmental temperature sensor 40, and supplies the corrected internal resistance to the switching unit 106. Output. An example of a correction method in the internal resistance correction unit 104 is described in Patent Document 1.
　閾値記憶部１０５は、内部抵抗に基づく寿命判定を行う際の基準となる第２閾値を記憶し、第２閾値を切替部１０６に出力する。 The threshold value storage unit 105 stores a second threshold value that is a reference when performing life determination based on internal resistance, and outputs the second threshold value to the switching unit 106.
　切替部１０６は、ユーザの操作に基づく制御信号の指示に従って、開路電圧と第１閾値の第１組、あるいは、内部抵抗と第２閾値の第２組、のいずれかを交換要否判定部１０７に出力する。なお、制御信号は、押し込み充電完了後には、第１組を出力するように指示し、通常充電開始前には、第２組を出力するように指示する信号である。開路電圧に基づく寿命判定が行われた鉛電池２に対して、内部抵抗に基づく寿命判定が行われる。 The switching unit 106 replaces either the open circuit voltage and the first set of the first threshold or the internal resistance and the second set of the second threshold according to the instruction of the control signal based on the user's operation. Output to. The control signal is a signal for instructing to output the first set after the completion of push-in charging, and for outputting the second set before starting the normal charging. The life determination based on the internal resistance is performed on the lead battery 2 for which the life determination based on the open circuit voltage has been performed.
　交換要否判定部１０７は、切替部１０６から第１組を入力した場合、開路電圧と第１閾値との大小比較を行う。そして、交換要否判定部１０７は、開路電圧が第１閾値より小さい場合には鉛電池２が劣化し、鉛電池２の寿命が短く、鉛電池２を交換する必要があると判定し、開路電圧が第１閾値以上である場合には鉛電池２を交換する必要はないと判定する。これにより、サルフェーションの発生量が大きいために電池容量が低下した鉛電池２を検出することができる。 When the first set is input from the switching unit 106, the replacement necessity determination unit 107 compares the open circuit voltage with the first threshold value. The replacement necessity determination unit 107 determines that the lead battery 2 is deteriorated when the open circuit voltage is smaller than the first threshold, the life of the lead battery 2 is short, and the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced. When the voltage is equal to or higher than the first threshold, it is determined that it is not necessary to replace the lead battery 2. Thereby, it is possible to detect the lead battery 2 whose battery capacity is reduced due to a large amount of sulfation.
　また、交換要否判定部１０７は、切替部１０６から第２組を入力した場合、内部抵抗と第２閾値との大小比較を行う。そして、交換要否判定部１０７は、内部抵抗が第２閾値より大きい場合には鉛電池２が劣化し、鉛電池２の寿命が短く、鉛電池２を交換する必要があると判定し、内部抵抗が第２閾値以下である場合には鉛電池２を交換する必要はないと判定する。これにより、内部抵抗上昇により電池容量が低下した鉛電池２を検出することができる。なお、開路電圧が第１閾値未満である鉛電池２を除いた鉛電池２の内部抵抗と、第２閾値との大小比較を行うことが好ましい。これにより、内部抵抗が低く、かつ、電池容量が低下しているもの（図１のＡの範囲のもの）を除いた上で、内部抵抗に基づいて電池容量が推定でき、精度の高い寿命推定が可能となる。 In addition, when the second set is input from the switching unit 106, the replacement necessity determination unit 107 compares the internal resistance with the second threshold value. The replacement necessity determination unit 107 determines that the lead battery 2 is deteriorated when the internal resistance is greater than the second threshold, the life of the lead battery 2 is short, and the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced. If the resistance is less than or equal to the second threshold value, it is determined that it is not necessary to replace the lead battery 2. Thereby, the lead battery 2 in which the battery capacity is reduced due to the increase in internal resistance can be detected. Note that it is preferable to compare the internal resistance of the lead battery 2 excluding the lead battery 2 whose open circuit voltage is less than the first threshold value with the second threshold value. As a result, the battery capacity can be estimated based on the internal resistance after excluding those having a low internal resistance and a low battery capacity (in the range of A in FIG. 1), and a highly accurate life estimation. Is possible.
　そして、交換要否判定部１０７は、判定結果を、図示しない他の装置に出力する。当該他の装置では、鉛電池２を交換する必要があるとの判定結果を入力した場合、鉛電池２の交換を推奨する表示等を行う。 Then, the replacement necessity determination unit 107 outputs the determination result to another device (not shown). In the other apparatus, when a determination result indicating that the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced is input, a display for recommending the replacement of the lead battery 2 is performed.
　次に、本実施の形態に係る開路電圧に基づく寿命判定の流れについて図５を用いて説明する。 Next, the flow of life determination based on the open circuit voltage according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
　開路電圧に基づく寿命判定を行う場合、ユーザは、まず、押し込み充電を完了させ（ＳＴ２０１：ＹＥＳ）、その後、鉛電池２の電圧が安定するようになるために、所定時間経過するまで待つ（ＳＴ２０２：ＹＥＳ）。 When performing the life determination based on the open circuit voltage, the user first completes the push-in charging (ST201: YES), and then waits until a predetermined time elapses so that the voltage of the lead battery 2 becomes stable (ST202). : YES)
　その後、ユーザが、寿命判定システム１を鉛電池２に接続する。寿命判定システム１は、鉛電池２の電圧、温度および電流を計測する（ＳＴ２０３）。次に、寿命判定システム１は、計測した電圧および電流に基づいて開路電圧（ＯＣＶ）を推定し（ＳＴ２０４）、計測した温度に基づいて第１閾値（α）を設定する（ＳＴ２０５）。 After that, the user connects the life determination system 1 to the lead battery 2. The life determination system 1 measures the voltage, temperature and current of the lead battery 2 (ST203). Next, the lifetime determination system 1 estimates an open circuit voltage (OCV) based on the measured voltage and current (ST204), and sets a first threshold (α) based on the measured temperature (ST205).
　次に、寿命判定システム１は、開路電圧と第１閾値との大小比較を行う（ＳＴ２０６）。そして、寿命判定システム１は、開路電圧が第１閾値より小さい場合には（ＳＴ２０６：ＮＯ）、鉛電池２が劣化し、鉛電池２の寿命が短く、鉛電池２を交換する必要があると判定する（ＳＴ２０７）。一方、寿命判定システム１は、開路電圧が第１閾値以上である場合には（ＳＴ２０６：ＹＥＳ）、鉛電池２を交換する必要はないと判定する（ＳＴ２０８）。 Next, the life determination system 1 compares the open circuit voltage with the first threshold value (ST206). And when the open circuit voltage is smaller than the first threshold (ST206: NO), the life determination system 1 has the lead battery 2 deteriorated, the life of the lead battery 2 is short, and the lead battery 2 needs to be replaced. Determine (ST207). On the other hand, when the open circuit voltage is equal to or higher than the first threshold value (ST206: YES), life determination system 1 determines that it is not necessary to replace lead battery 2 (ST208).
　以上のように、本実施の形態によれば、鉛電池に対して、内部抵抗に基づく寿命判定を行う前に、開路電圧に基づく寿命判定を行うことにより、鉛電池の寿命判定の精度を高めることができる。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, the life determination of the lead battery is improved by performing the life determination based on the open circuit voltage before performing the life determination based on the internal resistance for the lead battery. be able to.
　２０１３年３月２６日出願の特願２０１３－０６４５７９の日本出願に含まれる明細書、図面及び要約書の開示内容は、すべて本願に援用される。 The disclosure of the specification, drawings and abstract contained in the Japanese application of Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-064579 filed on March 26, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference.
　本発明にかかる寿命判定システムは、鉛電池の寿命判定に用いるのに好適である。 The life determination system according to the present invention is suitable for use in determining the life of a lead battery.
　１　寿命判定システム
　２　鉛電池
　１０　電圧計測部
　２０　温度計測部
　３０　電流計測部
　４０　環境温度センサ
　５０　寿命判定装置
　１０１　開路電圧推定部
　１０２　閾値設定部
　１０３　内部抵抗推定部
　１０４　内部抵抗補正部
　１０５　閾値記憶部
　１０６　切替部
　１０７　交換要否判定部
  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Life determination system 2 Lead battery 10 Voltage measurement part 20 Temperature measurement part 30 Current measurement part 40 Environmental temperature sensor 50 Life determination apparatus 101 Open circuit voltage estimation part 102 Threshold setting part 103 Internal resistance estimation part 104 Internal resistance correction part 105 Threshold memory | storage part 106 switching unit 107 replacement necessity determination unit

Claims (10)

  1. 　鉛電池の開路電圧を推定する開路電圧推定部と、
    　前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する判定部と、
    　を具備する寿命判定装置。     An open circuit voltage estimation unit for estimating the open circuit voltage of the lead battery;
    A determination unit that determines the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold;
    A life determination apparatus comprising:
  2. 　前記判定部は、前記開路電圧が前記第１閾値より小さい場合には前記鉛電池が劣化していると判定する、
    　請求項１に記載の寿命判定装置。     The determination unit determines that the lead battery is deteriorated when the open circuit voltage is smaller than the first threshold.
    The life determination apparatus according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記鉛電池の内部抵抗を算出する内部抵抗算出部を具備し、
    　前記判定部は、
    　前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により寿命を判定された前記鉛電池に対して、前記内部抵抗と第２閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する、
    　請求項１に記載の寿命判定装置。     An internal resistance calculation unit for calculating the internal resistance of the lead battery;
    The determination unit
    For the lead battery whose life is determined by comparing the open circuit voltage and the first threshold, the life of the lead battery is determined by comparing the internal resistance and the second threshold;
    The life determination apparatus according to claim 1.
  4. 　前記判定部は、前記内部抵抗が前記第２閾値より大きい場合には前記鉛電池が劣化していると判定する、
    　請求項３に記載の寿命判定装置。     The determination unit determines that the lead battery is deteriorated when the internal resistance is greater than the second threshold.
    The life determination apparatus according to claim 3.
  5. 　鉛電池に流れる電流を計測する電流計測部と、
    　前記鉛電池の電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
    　前記鉛電池の電流と電圧に基づいて前記鉛電池の開路電圧を推定する開路電圧推定部と、
    　前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する判定部と、
    　を具備する寿命判定システム。     A current measuring unit for measuring the current flowing in the lead battery;
    A voltage measuring unit for measuring the voltage of the lead battery;
    An open circuit voltage estimator for estimating an open circuit voltage of the lead battery based on the current and voltage of the lead battery;
    A determination unit that determines the life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold;
    A life determination system comprising:
  6. 　前記判定部は、前記開路電圧が前記第１閾値より小さい場合には前記鉛電池が劣化していると判定する、
    　請求項５に記載の寿命判定システム。     The determination unit determines that the lead battery is deteriorated when the open circuit voltage is smaller than the first threshold.
    The life determination system according to claim 5.
  7. 　前記鉛電池の温度を計測する温度計測部と、
    　前記鉛電池の温度に基づいて前記第１閾値を設定する閾値設定部と、
    　をさらに具備する請求項５に記載の寿命判定システム。     A temperature measuring unit for measuring the temperature of the lead battery;
    A threshold setting unit for setting the first threshold based on the temperature of the lead battery;
    The life determination system according to claim 5, further comprising:
  8. 　前記鉛電池の内部抵抗を算出する内部抵抗算出部を具備し、
    　前記判定部は、
    　前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により寿命を判定された前記鉛電池に対して、前記内部抵抗と第２閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する、
    　請求項５に記載の寿命判定システム。     An internal resistance calculation unit for calculating the internal resistance of the lead battery;
    The determination unit
    For the lead battery whose life is determined by comparing the open circuit voltage and the first threshold, the life of the lead battery is determined by comparing the internal resistance and the second threshold;
    The life determination system according to claim 5.
  9. 　前記判定部は、前記内部抵抗が前記第２閾値より大きい場合には前記鉛電池が劣化していると判定する、
    　請求項８に記載の寿命判定システム。     The determination unit determines that the lead battery is deteriorated when the internal resistance is greater than the second threshold.
    The life determination system according to claim 8.
  10. 　鉛電池の開路電圧を推定する開路電圧推定ステップと、
    　前記開路電圧と第１閾値との比較により前記鉛電池の寿命を判定する判定ステップと、
    　を具備する寿命判定方法。
          An open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating an open circuit voltage of the lead battery;
    A determination step of determining a life of the lead battery by comparing the open circuit voltage with a first threshold;
    A life determination method comprising:
PCT/JP2013/006749 2013-03-26 2013-11-18 Remaining life determination device, remaining life determination system, and remaining life determination method WO2014155447A1 (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH117985A (en) * 1997-06-12 1999-01-12 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Device for judging lifetime of lead-acid battery
JP2002352865A (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-06 Yuasa Corp Method and instrument for judging life of lead battery
JP2004215459A (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-29 Hitachi Ltd Power controller

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH117985A (en) * 1997-06-12 1999-01-12 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Device for judging lifetime of lead-acid battery
JP2002352865A (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-06 Yuasa Corp Method and instrument for judging life of lead battery
JP2004215459A (en) * 2003-01-08 2004-07-29 Hitachi Ltd Power controller

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