WO2014147018A1 - Tool for the manufacture of calibrated fissures - Google Patents

Tool for the manufacture of calibrated fissures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014147018A1
WO2014147018A1 PCT/EP2014/055289 EP2014055289W WO2014147018A1 WO 2014147018 A1 WO2014147018 A1 WO 2014147018A1 EP 2014055289 W EP2014055289 W EP 2014055289W WO 2014147018 A1 WO2014147018 A1 WO 2014147018A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
screw
tool
expander
cracks
calibrated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/055289
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier CALONNE
Original Assignee
Areva
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva filed Critical Areva
Publication of WO2014147018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014147018A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/007—Leak detector calibration, standard leaks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/20—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material
    • G01M3/207—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using special tracer materials, e.g. dye, fluorescent material, radioactive material calibration arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/002—Detection of leaks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of the manufacture of calibrated cracks in parts, and in particular in partitioning screws of a nuclear reactor.
  • the invention aims at providing a tool for manufacturing calibrated cracks in a workpiece having a workpiece delimited by two ends, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a frame comprising means adapted to receive and hold in position a first end of said piece
  • an expander positioned between the frame and the second end of the part, the expander having a first through-hole adapted to the passage of the body of the part, said expander being made of a material having a coefficient of expansion greater than the coefficient of expansion of the frame and the piece so that the expander is able to exert a stress at the second end of said piece by expansion during an increase in temperature.
  • the tooling according to the invention it is possible to quickly and repeatedly perform calibrated cracks in a large number of parts.
  • the tooling according to the invention is a simple tool to implement, compact and does not require the use of mechanical machines representing an important investment cost.
  • the stressing of the part to be cracked is achieved by increasing the temperature of the tooling and the different dilatometric properties between the elements of the tool and the part to be cracked.
  • the compactness of the tool allows for simultaneous cracks in several parts by grouping several tools in the same temperature setting means, such as an autoclave.
  • the tool according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of calibrated cracks in the partition screws of a nuclear reactor.
  • the expander comprises at least a second orifice communicating with the first through orifice and opening outwardly from said expander, said second orifice being capable of introducing inside the tooling of a liquid allowing initiate cracks in the body of the room;
  • the upper surface of said expander forms a bearing surface adapted to exert a stress at the second end of said part by expansion of said expander during an increase in temperature
  • the tool comprises a bearing ring forming a bearing surface adapted to exert a stress at the second end of said part by expansion of said expander during an increase in temperature;
  • said piece is a partition screw of a nuclear reactor, said screw having a screw body with at least one threaded portion and a screw head; the frame comprising means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw; the expander being positioned between the frame and the head of the partition screw;
  • the means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw is a threaded orifice
  • the means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw is formed by a threaded insert secured in an orifice of said frame;
  • the partitioning screw is made of stainless steel and the expander is made of aluminum alloy.
  • the immersion step is performed by immersing the tool in a boiling bath adapted to initiate cracks on said partitioning screw.
  • said partitioning screw is made of stainless steel and said boiling bath is a solution rich in magnesium chloride.
  • the single figure illustrates a sectional view along a longitudinal sectional plane of an exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention.
  • the figure more particularly illustrates a tool for manufacturing cracks of calibrated dimensions in a partition screw 30 of a nuclear reactor.
  • a screw 30 presents, in a conventional manner, a body 32 at least partially threaded at a first end 33 and having at the second end of the body 32 a screw head 31.
  • Tooling 1 comprises:
  • a frame 20 having a threaded orifice 21 adapted to receive and hold in position the partition screw 30 by screwing;
  • the expander 10 has a through orifice 12 oriented along the longitudinal axis of the expander 10.
  • the through orifice 12 has a diameter that varies along the longitudinal axis of the tool 1.
  • the orifice 12 has a first constant diameter D1 whose dimension is adapted to allow the introduction and passage of the body 32 of the screw 30. without allowing the passage of the screw head 31.
  • the orifice 12 has a constant diameter D2 whose dimensions are adapted to allow the positioning of the expander 10 on the frame 20 of the tools 1.
  • a third zone, called intermediate zone and referenced ZI located between zone Z1 and zone Z2, orifice 12 has a variable diameter between dimension D1 in the vicinity of zone Z1 and dimension D2 in the vicinity of zone Z2.
  • the frame 20 is a one-piece piece presenting:
  • a base 22 whose upper surface 24 forms a support for receiving the lower part of the expander 10;
  • the shape of the projecting portion 23 is adapted to cooperate with the expander 10 so that the lower portion of the expander 10 rests on the base 22.
  • the projecting portion 23 is of cylindrical shape having a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter D2 of the orifice 12 so as to allow assembly with a predefined mounting set.
  • a flexible mounting gasket 25 is mounted on the projecting portion 23 of the frame 20 so as to avoid any padding between the expander 10 and the frame 20.
  • the expander 10 also comprises radial orifices 13 at the outer lateral face of the expander 10 communicating with the through orifice 12.
  • the tooling 1 comprises a bearing ring 40 positioned on the upper face of the expander 10 so as to form a martyr bearing surface easily replaceable when it is deteriorated.
  • a bearing ring 40 positioned on the upper face of the expander 10 so as to form a martyr bearing surface easily replaceable when it is deteriorated.
  • the tool 1 according to the invention thus makes it possible to produce cracks of calibrated dimensions in a workpiece, such as, for example, a partitioning screw of a nuclear reactor, by using the principle of stress corrosion.
  • a workpiece such as, for example, a partitioning screw of a nuclear reactor
  • the threaded end 33 of the body 32 is screwed into the threaded orifice 21 of the frame 20 and screwed to the clamping thereof so as to pre-constrain the expander 10 between the frame 10 and the screw head 31.
  • the assembly is immersed in an aggressive solution chosen according to the nature of the part to be cracked.
  • the solution makes it possible to initiate cracks in the partitioning screw.
  • the aggressive solution is advantageously a boiling solution rich in magnesium chloride. The radial orifices 13 thus make it possible to bring the boiling solution into contact with the body 32 of the screw 30, so as to initiate cracks on the body 32 of the screw 30.
  • the tool 1 immersed in the corrosive medium is then raised in temperature, for example by means of an autoclave (not shown).
  • the increase in temperature makes it possible to further constrain the screw by thermal expansion of the expander.
  • the expander 10 is made of a material that has a coefficient of expansion greater than the coefficient of expansion of the frame 20 and the screw 30.
  • All the tooling 1, and particularly the dimensions of the expander 10 are precisely determined by means of a finite element calculation code in order to be able to apply the tension stresses sought in the screws by thermal expansion of the expander 10.
  • the expander 10 may be made of aluminum alloy and the frame 20 may be made of alloy containing a large amount of nickel and chromium; as for example Inconel 600®.
  • the tapped hole 21 of the frame 20 can be replaced by a tapped insert mounted in force in an orifice.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tool (1) for the manufacture of calibrated fissures in a workpiece (30) having a body (32) delimited by two ends (31, 33), characterized in that this tool comprises: a supporting structure (20) comprising a means (21) able to accept and hold a first end (33) of said workpiece (30) in place; an expander (10) positioned between the supporting structure (20) and the second end (31) of the workpiece (30), the expander (10) comprising a first through-orifice (12) through which the body (32) of the workpiece (30) can pass, said expander (10) being made of a material that has a co-efficient of expansion higher than the co-efficient of expansion of the supporting structure (20) and of the workpiece (30) so that the expander (10) can apply a strain to the second end (31) of said workpiece (30) through expansion of this expander if the temperature increases.

Description

OUTILLAGE POUR LA FABRICATION DE FISSURES CALIBREES  TOOLS FOR MANUFACTURING CALIBRATED CRACKS
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
Le domaine de l'invention est celui de la fabrication de fissures calibrées dans des pièces, et notamment dans des vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire.  The field of the invention is that of the manufacture of calibrated cracks in parts, and in particular in partitioning screws of a nuclear reactor.
ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE STATE OF THE ART
La fabrication de fissures de dimensions calibrées dans des pièces données permet d'évaluer et de caractériser des appareils de détection de fissures dans des configurations maîtrisées.  The manufacture of cracks of calibrated dimensions in given parts makes it possible to evaluate and characterize crack detection devices in controlled configurations.
Les solutions existantes, telles que l'utilisation de machines de traction pour réaliser des fissures dans une éprouvette, ne sont pas satisfaisantes car elles ne permettent pas de réaliser des fissures de dimensions calibrées de manière rapide et en grande quantité et elles nécessitent un coût d'investissement important.  Existing solutions, such as the use of traction machines to make cracks in a test piece, are unsatisfactory because they do not make it possible to produce cracks of calibrated dimensions quickly and in large quantities and they require a cost of important investment.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Dans ce contexte, l'invention vise à proposer un outillage pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées dans une pièce présentant un corps de pièce délimité par deux extrémités caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :  In this context, the invention aims at providing a tool for manufacturing calibrated cracks in a workpiece having a workpiece delimited by two ends, characterized in that it comprises:
- un bâti comportant un moyen apte à recevoir et à maintenir en position une première extrémité ladite pièce ;  a frame comprising means adapted to receive and hold in position a first end of said piece;
- un expanseur positionné entre le bâti et la deuxième extrémité de la pièce, l'expanseur comportant un premier orifice traversant apte au passage du corps de la pièce, ledit expanseur étant réalisé dans un matériau présentant un coefficient de dilatation supérieur au coefficient de dilatation du bâti et de la pièce de manière à ce que l'expanseur soit apte à exercer une contrainte au niveau de la deuxième extrémité de ladite pièce par dilatation lors d'une augmentation de la température.  an expander positioned between the frame and the second end of the part, the expander having a first through-hole adapted to the passage of the body of the part, said expander being made of a material having a coefficient of expansion greater than the coefficient of expansion of the frame and the piece so that the expander is able to exert a stress at the second end of said piece by expansion during an increase in temperature.
Grâce à l'outillage selon l'invention, il est possible de réaliser rapidement et de manière répétable des fissures calibrées dans un grand nombre de pièces. L'outillage selon l'invention est un outillage simple à mettre en œuvre, compact et ne nécessitant pas l'utilisation de machines mécaniques représentant un important coût d'investissement. La mise sous contrainte de la pièce à fissurer est réalisée grâce à l'augmentation de la température de l'outillage et aux propriétés dilatomé- triques différentes entre les éléments de l'outillage et la pièce à fissurer. Thanks to the tooling according to the invention, it is possible to quickly and repeatedly perform calibrated cracks in a large number of parts. The tooling according to the invention is a simple tool to implement, compact and does not require the use of mechanical machines representing an important investment cost. The stressing of the part to be cracked is achieved by increasing the temperature of the tooling and the different dilatometric properties between the elements of the tool and the part to be cracked.
Enfin, la compacité de l'outillage permet de pouvoir réaliser simultanément des fissures dans plusieurs pièces en groupant plusieurs outillages dans un même moyen de mise température, tel qu'un autoclave.  Finally, the compactness of the tool allows for simultaneous cracks in several parts by grouping several tools in the same temperature setting means, such as an autoclave.
L'outillage selon l'invention est particulièrement adapté pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées dans des vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire.  The tool according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of calibrated cracks in the partition screws of a nuclear reactor.
L'outillage pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon l'invention peut également présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques ci-dessous prises individuellement ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles :  The tool for manufacturing calibrated cracks according to the invention may also have one or more of the following characteristics taken individually or in any technically possible combination:
- l'expanseur comporte au moins un deuxième orifice communiquant avec le premier orifice traversant et débouchant à l'extérieur dudit expanseur, ledit deuxième orifice étant apte à l'introduction à l'intérieur de l'outillage d'un li- quide permettant d'initier des fissures sur le corps de la pièce ;  the expander comprises at least a second orifice communicating with the first through orifice and opening outwardly from said expander, said second orifice being capable of introducing inside the tooling of a liquid allowing initiate cracks in the body of the room;
- la surface supérieure dudit expanseur forme une surface d'appui apte à exercer une contrainte au niveau de la deuxième extrémité de ladite pièce par dilatation dudit expanseur lors d'une augmentation de la température ; - The upper surface of said expander forms a bearing surface adapted to exert a stress at the second end of said part by expansion of said expander during an increase in temperature;
- l'outillage comporte une bague d'appui formant une surface d'appui apte à exercer une contrainte au niveau de la deuxième extrémité de ladite pièce par dilatation dudit expanseur lors d'une augmentation de la température ;- The tool comprises a bearing ring forming a bearing surface adapted to exert a stress at the second end of said part by expansion of said expander during an increase in temperature;
- ladite pièce est une vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire, ladite vis présentant un corps de vis avec au moins une partie filetée et une tête de vis ; le bâti comportant un moyen apte à recevoir par vissage ladite vis de cloisonnement ; l'expanseur étant positionné entre le bâti et la tête de la vis de cloisonnement ; said piece is a partition screw of a nuclear reactor, said screw having a screw body with at least one threaded portion and a screw head; the frame comprising means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw; the expander being positioned between the frame and the head of the partition screw;
- le moyen apte à recevoir par vissage ladite vis de cloisonnement est un orifice taraudé ;  - The means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw is a threaded orifice;
- le moyen apte à recevoir par vissage ladite vis de cloisonnement est formé par un insert fileté solidarisé dans un orifice dudit bâti ;  - The means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw is formed by a threaded insert secured in an orifice of said frame;
- la vis de cloisonnement est en acier inoxydable et en ce que l'expanseur est en alliage d'aluminium.  the partitioning screw is made of stainless steel and the expander is made of aluminum alloy.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication de fissures calibrées dans une vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire au moyen d'un outillage selon l'invention caractérisé en ce que le procédé comporte les étapes consistant à : The subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing calibrated cracks in a partition screw of a nuclear reactor by means of a tool according to the invention characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
- visser la vis de cloisonnement dans le bâti de l'outillage de manière à précontraindre le corps de la vis de cloisonnement ;  - screw the partition screw into the tool frame so as to preload the body of the partition screw;
- mettre sous des moyens de chauffage l'outillage de manière à augmenter la température de l'outillage et à mettre sous contrainte le corps de la vis de cloisonnement par dilatation différentielle de l'expanseur ;  putting under heating means the tooling so as to increase the temperature of the tool and to stress the body of the partition screw by differential expansion of the expander;
- immerger le corps de la vis de cloisonnement dans un bain bouillant adapté pour initier des fissures dans ladite vis de cloisonnement.  immersing the body of the partitioning screw in a boiling bath adapted to initiate cracks in said partitioning screw.
Avantageusement, l'étape d'immersion est réalisée par immersion de l'outillage dans un bain bouillant adapté pour initier des fissures sur ladite vis de cloisonnement.  Advantageously, the immersion step is performed by immersing the tool in a boiling bath adapted to initiate cracks on said partitioning screw.
Avantageusement, ladite vis de cloisonnement est en acier inoxydable et ledit bain bouillant est une solution riche en chlorure de magnésium BREVES DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES  Advantageously, said partitioning screw is made of stainless steel and said boiling bath is a solution rich in magnesium chloride. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui en est donnée ci-dessous, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence à la figure unique illustrant schématiquement une vue en coupe selon un plan de coupe longitudinal de l'outillage selon l'invention. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'AU MOINS UN MODE DE REALISATION  Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the description which is given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the single figure schematically illustrating a sectional view along a longitudinal sectional plane of FIG. tooling according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE EMBODIMENT
La figure unique illustre une vue en coupe selon un plan de coupe longitudinal d'un exemple de réalisation de l'outillage selon l'invention. La figure illustre plus particulièrement un outillage pour la fabrication de fissures de dimensions calibrées dans une vis de cloisonnement 30 d'un réacteur nucléaire. Une telle vis 30 pré- sente, de façon classique, un corps 32 au moins partiellement fileté au niveau d'une première extrémité 33 et présentant au niveau de la deuxième extrémité du corps 32 une tête de vis 31 .  The single figure illustrates a sectional view along a longitudinal sectional plane of an exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention. The figure more particularly illustrates a tool for manufacturing cracks of calibrated dimensions in a partition screw 30 of a nuclear reactor. Such a screw 30 presents, in a conventional manner, a body 32 at least partially threaded at a first end 33 and having at the second end of the body 32 a screw head 31.
L'outillage 1 comporte :  Tooling 1 comprises:
- un bâti 20 présentant un orifice taraudé 21 apte à recevoir et à maintenir en position la vis de cloisonnement 30 par vissage ;  - A frame 20 having a threaded orifice 21 adapted to receive and hold in position the partition screw 30 by screwing;
- un expanseur 10 en appui sur le bâti 20.  an expander 10 resting on the frame 20.
L'expanseur 10 présente un orifice 12 traversant orienté selon l'axe longitudinal de l'expanseur 10. Selon le mode de réalisation illustré, l'orifice traversant 12 présente un diamètre qui varie le long de l'axe longitudinal de l'outillage 1 . Au niveau d'une première zone référencée Z1 , située en partie supérieure de l'expanseur 10, l'orifice 12 présente un premier diamètre D1 constant dont la dimension est adaptée pour permettre l'introduction et le passage du corps 32 de la vis 30 sans toutefois permettre le passage de la tête de vis 31 . Au niveau d'une deuxième zone référencée Z2, située en partie inférieure de l'expanseur 10, l'orifice 12 présente un diamètre D2 constant dont les dimensions sont adaptées pour autoriser le positionnement de l'expanseur 10 sur le bâti 20 de l'outillage 1 . Au niveau d'une troisième zone, dite zone intermédiaire et référencée ZI, située entre la zone Z1 et la zone Z2, l'orifice 12 présente un diamètre variable entre la dimension D1 au voisinage de la zone Z1 et la dimension D2 au voisinage de la zone Z2. The expander 10 has a through orifice 12 oriented along the longitudinal axis of the expander 10. According to the illustrated embodiment, the through orifice 12 has a diameter that varies along the longitudinal axis of the tool 1. At a first zone referenced Z1 located in the upper part of the expander 10, the orifice 12 has a first constant diameter D1 whose dimension is adapted to allow the introduction and passage of the body 32 of the screw 30. without allowing the passage of the screw head 31. At a second zone Z2 referenced, located in the lower portion of the expander 10, the orifice 12 has a constant diameter D2 whose dimensions are adapted to allow the positioning of the expander 10 on the frame 20 of the tools 1. At a third zone, called intermediate zone and referenced ZI, located between zone Z1 and zone Z2, orifice 12 has a variable diameter between dimension D1 in the vicinity of zone Z1 and dimension D2 in the vicinity of zone Z2.
Le bâti 20 est une pièce monobloc présentant :  The frame 20 is a one-piece piece presenting:
- une base 22 dont la surface supérieure 24 forme un appui pour recevoir la partie inférieure de l'expanseur 10 ;  a base 22 whose upper surface 24 forms a support for receiving the lower part of the expander 10;
- une partie 23 faisant saillie par rapport à la base 22. La forme de la partie en saillie 23 est adaptée pour coopérer avec l'expanseur 10 de manière à ce que la partie inférieure de l'expanseur 10 repose sur la base 22.  - A portion 23 projecting from the base 22. The shape of the projecting portion 23 is adapted to cooperate with the expander 10 so that the lower portion of the expander 10 rests on the base 22.
Selon le mode de réalisation illustré, la partie 23 faisant saillie est de forme cylindrique présentant un diamètre légèrement inférieur au diamètre D2 de l'orifice 12 de manière à permettre un assemblage avec un jeu de montage prédéfini. Un joint souple de montage 25 est monté sur la partie en saillie 23 du bâti 20 de manière à éviter tout bagotement entre l'expanseur 10 et le bâti 20.  According to the illustrated embodiment, the projecting portion 23 is of cylindrical shape having a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter D2 of the orifice 12 so as to allow assembly with a predefined mounting set. A flexible mounting gasket 25 is mounted on the projecting portion 23 of the frame 20 so as to avoid any padding between the expander 10 and the frame 20.
L'expanseur 10 comporte également des orifices 13 radiaux au niveau de la face latérale extérieure de l'expanseur 10 communiquant avec l'orifice traversant 12.  The expander 10 also comprises radial orifices 13 at the outer lateral face of the expander 10 communicating with the through orifice 12.
Selon le mode de réalisation illustré, l'outillage 1 comporte une bague d'appui 40 positionnée sur la face supérieure de l'expanseur 10 de manière à former une face d'appui martyre facilement remplaçable lorsque celle-ci est détériorée. Toutefois, il est également possible de réaliser l'invention sans l'utilisation d'une telle bague d'appui 40.  According to the illustrated embodiment, the tooling 1 comprises a bearing ring 40 positioned on the upper face of the expander 10 so as to form a martyr bearing surface easily replaceable when it is deteriorated. However, it is also possible to realize the invention without the use of such a support ring 40.
L'outillage 1 selon l'invention permet donc de réaliser des fissures de dimensions calibrées dans une pièce, telle que par exemple une vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire, en utilisant le principe de la corrosion sous contrainte. Pour la réalisation de fissures calibrées dans une vis de cloisonnement, il convient dans une première étape de monter la vis de cloisonnement 30 dans l'outillage 1 . The tool 1 according to the invention thus makes it possible to produce cracks of calibrated dimensions in a workpiece, such as, for example, a partitioning screw of a nuclear reactor, by using the principle of stress corrosion. For the realization of calibrated cracks in a partitioning screw, it is necessary in a first step to mount the partitioning screw 30 in the tooling 1.
Pour cela l'extrémité filetée 33 du corps 32 est vissée dans l'orifice taraudé 21 du bâti 20 et vissée jusqu'au serrage de celle-ci de manière à pré-contraindre l'expanseur 10 entre le bâti 10 et la tête de vis 31 .  For this, the threaded end 33 of the body 32 is screwed into the threaded orifice 21 of the frame 20 and screwed to the clamping thereof so as to pre-constrain the expander 10 between the frame 10 and the screw head 31.
Dans une seconde étape, l'ensemble est immergé dans une solution agressive choisie en fonction de la nature de la pièce à fissurer. Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit, la solution permet d'initier des fissures au sein de la vis de cloisonne- ment. Pour la réalisation d'une vis de cloisonnement en acier inoxydable la solution agressive est avantageusement une solution bouillante riche en Chlorure de Magnésium. Les orifices radiaux 13 permettent donc d'amener la solution bouillante au contact du corps 32 de la vis 30, de manière à initier les fissures sur le corps 32 de la vis 30.  In a second step, the assembly is immersed in an aggressive solution chosen according to the nature of the part to be cracked. In the embodiment described, the solution makes it possible to initiate cracks in the partitioning screw. For the production of a stainless steel partition screw, the aggressive solution is advantageously a boiling solution rich in magnesium chloride. The radial orifices 13 thus make it possible to bring the boiling solution into contact with the body 32 of the screw 30, so as to initiate cracks on the body 32 of the screw 30.
L'outillage 1 immergé dans le milieu corrosif est ensuite monté en température, par exemple au moyen d'un autoclave (non représenté). L'augmentation de la température permet de contraindre davantage la vis par dilatation thermique de l'expanseur. En effet, l'expanseur 10 est réalisé dans un matériau qui présente un coefficient de dilatation supérieur au coefficient de dilatation du bâti 20 et de la vis 30.  The tool 1 immersed in the corrosive medium is then raised in temperature, for example by means of an autoclave (not shown). The increase in temperature makes it possible to further constrain the screw by thermal expansion of the expander. Indeed, the expander 10 is made of a material that has a coefficient of expansion greater than the coefficient of expansion of the frame 20 and the screw 30.
L'ensemble de l'outillage 1 , et particulièrement les dimensions de l'expanseur 10 sont déterminés précisément au moyen d'un code de calcul par éléments finis afin de pouvoir appliquer les contraintes de tension recherchées dans les vis par dilatation thermique de l'expanseur 10.  All the tooling 1, and particularly the dimensions of the expander 10 are precisely determined by means of a finite element calculation code in order to be able to apply the tension stresses sought in the screws by thermal expansion of the expander 10.
A titre d'exemple, l'expanseur 10 peut être réalisé en alliage d'aluminium et le bâti 20 peut être réalisé en alliage contenant une grande quantité de Nickel et de Chrome ; tel que par exemple de l'Inconel 600®.  For example, the expander 10 may be made of aluminum alloy and the frame 20 may be made of alloy containing a large amount of nickel and chromium; as for example Inconel 600®.
Selon une variante de réalisation, l'orifice taraudé 21 du bâti 20 peut être remplacé par un insert taraudé monté en force dans un orifice.  According to an alternative embodiment, the tapped hole 21 of the frame 20 can be replaced by a tapped insert mounted in force in an orifice.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées dans une pièce (30) présentant un corps (32) délimité par deux extrémités (31 , 33) caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : Tool (1) for manufacturing calibrated cracks in a workpiece (30) having a body (32) delimited by two ends (31, 33), characterized in that it comprises:
- un bâti (20) comportant un moyen (21 ) apte à recevoir et à maintenir en position une première extrémité (33) ladite pièce (30) ;  - a frame (20) comprising means (21) adapted to receive and hold in position a first end (33) said piece (30);
- un expanseur (10) positionné entre le bâti (20) et la deuxième extrémité (31 ) de la pièce (30), l'expanseur (10) comportant un premier orifice (12) traversant apte au passage du corps (32) de la pièce (30), ledit expanseur (10) étant réalisé dans un matériau présentant un coefficient de dilatation supérieur au coefficient de dilatation du bâti (20) et de la pièce (30) de manière à ce que l'expanseur (10) soit apte à exercer une contrainte au niveau de la deuxième extrémité (31 ) de ladite pièce (30) par dilatation de celui-ci lors d'une augmentation de la température.  an expander (10) positioned between the frame (20) and the second end (31) of the part (30), the expander (10) having a first through-hole (12) adapted to the passage of the body (32) of the piece (30), said expander (10) being made of a material having a coefficient of expansion greater than the coefficient of expansion of the frame (20) and the piece (30) so that the expander (10) is able to exert a stress at the second end (31) of said piece (30) by expansion thereof during an increase in temperature.
Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que l'expanseur (20) comporte au moins un deuxième orifice (13) communiquant avec le premier orifice traversant (12) et débouchant à l'extérieur dudit expanseur (20), ledit deuxième orifice (13) étant apte à l'introduction à l'intérieur de l'outillage (1 ) d'un liquide permettant d'initier des fissures sur le corps (32) de la pièce (30). Tool (1) for manufacturing calibrated cracks according to the preceding claim characterized in that the expander (20) comprises at least a second orifice (13) communicating with the first through hole (12) and opening out of said expander (20), said second orifice (13) being adapted to the introduction into the tool (1) of a liquid for initiating cracks on the body (32) of the workpiece (30).
Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la surface supérieure dudit expanseur (20) forme une surface d'appui apte à exercer une contrainte au niveau de la deuxième extrémité (31 ) de ladite pièce (30) par dilatation dudit expanseur lors d'une augmentation de la température. Tool (1) for the manufacture of calibrated cracks according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper surface of said expander (20) forms a bearing surface capable of exerting a stress at the second end (31) of said piece (30) by expansion of said expander during an increase in temperature.
Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2 caractérisé en ce que l'outillage comporte une bague d'appui (40) formant une surface d'appui apte à exercer une contrainte au niveau de la deuxième extrémité (31 ) de ladite pièce (30) par dilatation dudit expanseur lors d'une augmentation de la température. Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4 caractérisé en ce que ladite pièce (30) est une vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire, ladite vis présentant un corps (32) de vis avec au moins une partie filetée (33) et une tête de vis (31 ) ; le bâti (20) comportant un moyen (21 ) apte à recevoir par vissage ladite vis de cloisonnement (30) ; l'expanseur étant positionné entre le bâti (20) et la tête (31 ) de la vis de cloisonnement (30). Tool (1) for the manufacture of calibrated cracks according to one of claims 1 to 2 characterized in that the tool comprises a bearing ring (40) forming a bearing surface capable of exerting a stress at the level of second end (31) of said piece (30) by expansion of said expander during an increase in temperature. Tool (1) for the manufacture of calibrated cracks according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterized in that said part (30) is a partition screw of a nuclear reactor, said screw having a body (32) of screw with at least one threaded portion (33) and a screw head (31); the frame (20) comprising means (21) adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw (30); the expander being positioned between the frame (20) and the head (31) of the partition screw (30).
Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que le moyen (21 ) apte à recevoir par vissage ladite vis de cloisonnement (30) est un orifice taraudé. Tool (1) for manufacturing calibrated cracks according to claim 5 characterized in that the means (21) adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw (30) is a threaded orifice.
Outillage (1 ) pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon la revendication 5 caractérisé en ce que le moyen apte à recevoir par vissage ladite vis de cloisonnement (30) est formé par un insert fileté solidarisé dans un orifice dudit bâti (20). Tool (1) for the manufacture of calibrated cracks according to claim 5 characterized in that the means adapted to receive by screwing said partitioning screw (30) is formed by a threaded insert secured in an orifice of said frame (20).
Outillage pour la fabrication de fissures calibrées selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7 caractérisé en ce que la vis de cloisonnement (30) est en acier inoxydable et en ce que l'expanseur (10) est en alliage d'aluminium. Tool for manufacturing calibrated cracks according to one of claims 5 to 7 characterized in that the partitioning screw (30) is made of stainless steel and in that the expander (10) is made of aluminum alloy.
Procédé de fabrication de fissures calibrées dans une vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire au moyen d'un outillage selon les revendications 5 à 8 caractérisé en ce que le procédé comporte les étapes consistant à : A method of manufacturing calibrated cracks in a partition screw of a nuclear reactor by means of a tool according to claims 5 to 8 characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
- visser la vis (30) de cloisonnement dans le bâti (20) de l'outillage (1 ) de manière à pré-contraindre le corps (32) de la vis de cloisonnement (30) ;  - screw the screw (30) partitioning in the frame (20) of the tool (1) so as to pre-constrain the body (32) of the partition screw (30);
- mettre sous des moyens de chauffage l'outillage (1 ) de manière à augmenter la température de l'outillage (1 ) et à mettre sous contrainte le corps (32) de la vis de cloisonnement (30) par dilatation différentielle de l'expanseur (10) ;  - Under heating means the tool (1) so as to increase the temperature of the tool (1) and to stress the body (32) of the partition screw (30) by differential expansion of the expander (10);
- immerger le corps (32) de la vis de cloisonnement (30) dans un bain bouillant adapté pour initier des fissures dans ladite vis de cloisonnement (30).  - Immerse the body (32) of the partition screw (30) in a boiling bath adapted to initiate cracks in said partitioning screw (30).
10. Procédé de fabrication de fissures calibrées dans une vis de cloisonnement d'un réacteur nucléaire selon la revendication précédente caractérisé en ce que l'étape d'immersion est réalisée par immersion de l'outillage (1 ) dans un bain bouillant adapté pour initier des fissures sur ladite vis de cloisonnement (30). Procédé de fabrication de fissures calibrées selon l'une des revendications 9 à 10 caractérisé en ce que ladite vis de cloisonnement (30) est en acier inoxydable et en ce que ledit bain bouillant est une solution riche en chlorure de magnésium. 10. A method of manufacturing cracks calibrated in a partition screw of a nuclear reactor according to the preceding claim characterized in that the immersion step is performed by immersing the tool (1) in a boiling bath adapted to initiate cracks on said partitioning screw (30). A method of manufacturing calibrated cracks according to one of claims 9 to 10 characterized in that said partitioning screw (30) is made of stainless steel and in that said boiling bath is a solution rich in magnesium chloride.
PCT/EP2014/055289 2013-03-18 2014-03-17 Tool for the manufacture of calibrated fissures WO2014147018A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1352398 2013-03-18
FR1352398A FR3003387A1 (en) 2013-03-18 2013-03-18 TOOLING FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CALIBRATED CRACKS.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014147018A1 true WO2014147018A1 (en) 2014-09-25

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FR (1) FR3003387A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2014147018A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3516278A (en) * 1967-04-17 1970-06-23 Euratom Apparatus for producing calibrated leaks
FR2518279A1 (en) * 1981-12-15 1983-06-17 Louis Raymond Controlled leakage device for chamber contg. pressurised gas - using cracked glass disk, or tube contg. cracked glass bead, esp. to obtain gas stream for calibrating leakage detectors
JP2004018947A (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-01-22 Sumitomo Titanium Corp Process for checking leakage in vacuum melting furnace

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3516278A (en) * 1967-04-17 1970-06-23 Euratom Apparatus for producing calibrated leaks
FR2518279A1 (en) * 1981-12-15 1983-06-17 Louis Raymond Controlled leakage device for chamber contg. pressurised gas - using cracked glass disk, or tube contg. cracked glass bead, esp. to obtain gas stream for calibrating leakage detectors
JP2004018947A (en) * 2002-06-17 2004-01-22 Sumitomo Titanium Corp Process for checking leakage in vacuum melting furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3003387A1 (en) 2014-09-19

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