WO2014143747A1 - Lentille intraoculaire réglable post-chirurgicale - Google Patents

Lentille intraoculaire réglable post-chirurgicale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014143747A1
WO2014143747A1 PCT/US2014/027837 US2014027837W WO2014143747A1 WO 2014143747 A1 WO2014143747 A1 WO 2014143747A1 US 2014027837 W US2014027837 W US 2014027837W WO 2014143747 A1 WO2014143747 A1 WO 2014143747A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electro
liquid crystal
active
crystal layer
intraocular lens
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/027837
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anthony Van Heugten
Original Assignee
E-Vision Smart Optics Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E-Vision Smart Optics Inc. filed Critical E-Vision Smart Optics Inc.
Publication of WO2014143747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014143747A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1659—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having variable absorption coefficient for electromagnetic radiation, e.g. photochromic lenses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1613—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus
    • A61F2/1624—Intraocular lenses having special lens configurations, e.g. multipart lenses; having particular optical properties, e.g. pseudo-accommodative lenses, lenses having aberration corrections, diffractive lenses, lenses for variably absorbing electromagnetic radiation, lenses having variable focus having adjustable focus; power activated variable focus means, e.g. mechanically or electrically by the ciliary muscle or from the outside
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/0079—Methods or devices for eye surgery using non-laser electromagnetic radiation, e.g. non-coherent light or microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
    • A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
    • A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/04—Contact lenses for the eyes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/14—Photorefractive lens material

Definitions

  • Intraocular lenses are typically permanent, plastic lenses that are surgically
  • the predetermined portion of the liquid crystal layer defines a first curable layer, which may define a first optical power.
  • the liquid crystal layer may also define a second curable layer that defines a second optical power.
  • the liquid crystal layer can define a light blocking zone.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an information device
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an information device
  • Certain exemplary embodiments can provide an IOL with a layer of electro-active material, for example liquid crystal, which can be configured to act as a lens to contribute post-surgical adjustable optical power to the IOL.
  • the IOL can have conventional optical power formed by conventional optics and/or non-conventional optical power formed by electro-active optics.
  • the electro-active optics can be made with liquid crystal, and/or the liquid crystal can be mixed with an amount of polymer and/or other stabilizing material in an uncured state.
  • the polymer and/or other stabilizing material can allow the electro-active molecules to rotate while in an uncured or partially cured state, and/or can inhibit the rotation of the electro-active molecules in a cured state.
  • the IOL can be created by a combination of a conventional, fixed focus optic coupled to an adjustable electro-active lens portion, or it can be created by an adjustable electro-active lens alone.
  • the electro-active material can be a liquid crystal, for example a Merck MLC-2140, mixed with a minority quantity by weight of 10% or less of a stabilizing polymer such as Merck RM-257, along with a photo-curing initiator.
  • a stabilizing polymer such as Merck RM-257
  • the stabilizing polymer can be of a type that is cured-once-only, or can be a reversible or time-limited-cure type that can be re-liquified and cured two or more times.
  • the stabilizing polymer can be a partially curable type, allowing a second optical correction to be performed, or a third, fourth, etc.
  • Partial areas of the lens can be cured by directing the curing energy to a localized area, for example introducing spherical aberration by adjusting the outer periphery or the central section only, or blocking curing energy from being applied to a localized area, also for example for introducing spherical aberration in the central or peripheral sections, leaving other areas available for further tuning and/or changing the optical power at a later time.
  • the central section could be created with one optical power
  • the peripheral section created with a second optical power, creating a multi-focal lens that increases depth of focus.
  • Multiple layers can be used such that one layer can be tuned at one time and another layer tuned later, where each layer provides its own optical power.
  • An exemplary method to accomplish this can be to have each layer doped with a photo-initiator that triggers at a different wavelength, for example one layer at 350 nm and another at 405 nm, then during curing at 350 nm the second 405 nm layer will not be cured at that time, but later when 405 nm wavelength is used for curing.
  • FIG. 1 shows an IOL with no liquid-crystal-induced optical power changes yet made.
  • FIG. 2 shows an after-cure condition indicating zone 2100 having one optical power, and zone 2200 having a second optical power, and in total the entire IOL 2000 having a multi-focal optical power that is concentric.
  • FIG. 3 shows another example of an optical possibility where zone 3100 is different from zone 3200, but the final optical power is non-concentric.
  • the electro-active and polymer materials can be mixed and encapsulated into the IOL between two or more substrates known to those skilled in the art of designing ophthalmic and electro-active optics.
  • the inner surfaces of the substrates can have a substantially transparent coating that is conductive to electricity.
  • An example of such a coating can be indium tin oxide.
  • the inner surfaces of the substrates can, but are not necessarily required, to have a coating to promote the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. If high alignment forces in the unpowered state are required to achieve best-possible optical clarity in the unpowered state, then an alignment coating can be used.
  • An example of such a coating is polyimide, rubbed in the desired alignment direction.
  • the conductive electrical coating can be micro -patterned, for example as explained in United States Patent 8066853 (the relevant portion of which (e.g., that portion describing micro- patterning of conductive electrical coatings of IOL' s) is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety)) to serve dual duty as the alignment layer. If some optical degradation in the unpowered state can be tolerated to gain simpler manufacturing processes, then no alignment coating is necessarily required.
  • the substantially transparent electrical coating can be patterned in concentric rings, each ring or each nth ring connected to an electrical input connection, each of which connections can be at a different voltage, thereby allowing a voltage gradient to be created in the lens, which can create a gradient in the index of refraction of the lens, which in turn can create optical power.
  • a single coating on each inside surface of the substrates can be utilized and other means to create gradients in the index of refraction can be utilized, for example Fresnel structures, pocket shapes, and/or variable resistive layers, such as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication US 201 1/10025955, the relevant portion of which (e.g., that portion describing gradients in indices of refraction and that portion describing variable resistive layers) is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • the electrical energy required to drive the liquid crystal into the desired orientation can be derived from one or more batteries located within the device, and/or via a wireless power transmission scheme.
  • An example of a wireless transmission scheme can be for a receiving antenna to be included into the IOL, and when a power-transmitting antenna is placed near the receiving antenna, electrical power can be induced in the receiving antenna.
  • Such antennas can be loop shaped, and/or such antennas can utilize inductive power transfer.
  • a single channel of wireless transfer can be used, or multiple channels (each operating at a different wireless frequency, or each having its own loop separately located from each other) of wireless power transfer can be used. If multiple concentric rings of electrode structures are used, two or more channels of wireless transfer can be used not only to transfer the power required, but to control the voltage gradient as well, without the use of an internal controller. For example, as shown in U.S. Patent
  • independent buss lines can supply control power to every nth electrode, but each buss line can be connected to a single circuit with multiple outputs.
  • buss lines providing control power can be each connected to their own independent antenna, and each independent antenna can provide exclusive power to its exclusively connected buss line.
  • Less channels of wireless power transfer than electrode rings can be used by relying upon resistors located between electrode rings, such as shown in U.S.
  • the voltage gradient can be created by a controller ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), which can draw power from the battery and/or the antennas and/or convert that power to the required voltage signals for the lens.
  • the ASIC can be in wireless communication with an outside controller to allow control of the optical power of the implanted IOL to be performed externally.
  • An exemplary configuration of the system while it is being used during tuning can be for the patient to wear a transmitting antenna structure on their face around their eye, and/or mounted instead within a spectacle frame or in a phoropter.
  • the transmitting antennas can be connected to a power source that can be varied to achieve the required voltage gradient profile within the implanted IOL.
  • An exemplary method of curing the polymer can be to mix within the polymer a photo- initiator that activates at a certain wavelength, then irradiate the IOL with the wavelength of light tuned to the photo-initiator.
  • Typical wavelengths for photoinitiators are in the UV to the blue light spectrum, but can also be in any wavelength desired, including the near IR and IR.
  • a light blocking coating or layer can be applied to, attached to, and/or placed adjacent to the IOL at some place behind the IOL relative to the flow of light after the polymer layer and/or before the structures of the eye that are to be protected.
  • energy densities required for curing can be "tens of microwatts" to "tens of milliwatts” (e.g., 10 microwatts per cm2 to 350 milliwatts per cm2, including all values and subranges therebetween), but it is anticipated that the advances in polymer curing materials will continue to be made so these energy densities are non-limiting examples only. Curing can be initiated by other methods as well, such as heat and/or other forms of radiation and/or mechanical stimulation, such as ultrasound energy.
  • Another exemplary method of curing can be to power the pre-implanted or implanted IOL to a certain optical power, then cure only a portion of it, then after that portion is cured, power the pre-implanted or implanted IOL to a different optical power then cure another portion of it, resulting in an optical power gradient.
  • the electrode rings can be non-symetrical to include optical powers more complex than simple symmetrical spherical powers only.
  • Non-limiting examples of such non- symetrical optical powers are cylinder, prism, coma and, trefoil, and any other optical power defined in the Zernike table.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an exemplary embodiment of an electro-active IOL 1000, as described herein.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of an exemplary embodiment of electro-active IOL 2000, which can comprise a first electro-active zone 2100 and a second electro-active zone 2200.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of an exemplary embodiment of electro-active IOL 3000, which can comprise a first electro-active zone 3100 and a second electro-active zone 3200.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at section A- A of FIG. 1.
  • IOL 1000 can comprise a conventional optic 4105 (in this example conventional optic 4105 is closer to the retina than the other layers), a light blocking portion 4110, a first substrate 41 15, and first conductive layer 4120, a first alignment layer 4125, a first liquid crystal portion 4130, a second alignment layer 4135, a second conductive layer 4140, a second substrate 4145, a third conductive layer 4150, a third alignment layer 4155, a second liquid crystal portion 4160, a fourth alignment layer 4165,a fourth conductive layer 4170, and/or a third substrate 4175. Any of conductive layers 4120, 4140, 4150, and/or 4170 can be patterned.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a system 5000, which can comprise an IOL 5100 that can be communicatively coupled via a network 5500 to a remote controller in one or more information devices 5200, 5300, 5400.
  • An exemplary information device 5400 can have a user interface 5420 and/or a memory 5440.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 6000.
  • an IOL can be implanted in the eye of a wearer.
  • the IOL can be irradiated,
  • a polymer in a liquid crystal portion of the IOL can be liquefied.
  • a molecular orientation of the liquid crystal can be adjusted.
  • an optical power of the IOL can be changed.
  • the polymer can be cured.
  • Information device 7000 can comprise any of numerous transform circuits, which can be formed via any of numerous communicatively-, electrically-, magnetically-, optically-, fluidically-, and/or mechanically-coupled physical components, such as for example, one or more network interfaces 7100, one or more processors 7200, one or more memories 7300 containing instructions 7400, one or more input/output (I/O) devices 7500, and/or one or more user interfaces 7600 coupled to I/O device 7500, etc.
  • I/O input/output
  • a user and/or wearer can view a rendering of information related to operating, testing, modifying, and/or adjusting an electro-active IOL as described herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic of an exemplary IOL 8000, with receiving antennas 8110, 8120, 8130, and 8140 connected via buss lines 8210, 8220, 8230, and 8240, respectively, to optical zones 8310, 8320, 8330, and 8340, respectively, whereby a certain electrical power is transmitted to antenna 81 10 resulting in an optical change in optical zone 8310, and a larger electrical power is transmitted to antenna 8120 than that of antenna 8110 resulting in a larger optical power change in optical zone 8320 than that of optical zone 8310, and an even larger electrical power is transmitted to antenna 8130 than that of antenna 8120 resulting in a larger optical power change in optical zone 8330 than that of optical zone 8320, and a larger still electrical power is transmitted to antenna 8140 than that of antenna 8130 resulting in a larger optical power change in optical zone 8340 than that of optical zone 8330, whereby a positive optical power is created in the IOL 8000 because of the optical gradient created by the electrical gradient influence upon the liquid crystal.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a method 9000.
  • an IOL can be implanted in the eye of a wearer.
  • a molecular orientation of the liquid crystal can be adjusted.
  • an optical power of the IOL can be changed.
  • the polymer can be cured.
  • any two or more described substances can be mixed, combined, reacted,
  • any described characteristics, functions, activities, substances, and/or structural elements can be integrated, segregated, and/or duplicated;
  • any described activity can be performed manually, semi-automatically, and/or automatically;
  • any described activity can be repeated, any activity can be performed by multiple entities, and/or any activity can be performed in multiple jurisdictions;
  • element can be specifically excluded, the sequence of activities can vary, and/or the interrelationship of structural elements can vary.
  • aberration - one or more limitations and/or defects in an optical component such as a lens and/or mirror, that is contacted by a plurality of light rays, such limitations and/or defects preventing the light rays from converging at one focus and potentially due to, e.g., the optical component comprising one or more surfaces that are not perfectly planar, such as one or more spherical surfaces.
  • activity an action, act, step, and/or process or portion thereof.
  • adapter - a device used to effect operative compatibility between different parts of one or more pieces of an apparatus or system.
  • apparatus an appliance or device for a particular purpose
  • [80] associate - to join, connect together, and/or relate.
  • an automatic light switch can turn on upon "seeing” a person in its “view”, without the person manually operating the light switch.
  • border - to be located and/or positioned adjacent to an outer edge, surface, and/or extent of an object.
  • bus - an electrical conductor that makes a common connection between a
  • camera - a device often comprising a lightproof enclosure having an aperture with a lens through which a still and/or moving image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film, plate, tape, and/or or sensor coupled to an electronic and/or optical memory device (e.g., RAM, EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.).
  • an electronic and/or optical memory device e.g., RAM, EEPROM, flash memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
  • [95] can - is capable of, in at least some embodiments.
  • [96] capture - to sense, receive, obtain, enter, store, and/or record information and/or data in memory.
  • circuit - a physical system comprising, depending on context: an electrically conductive pathway, an information transmission mechanism, and/or a communications connection, the pathway, mechanism, and/or connection established via a switching device (such as a switch, relay, transistor, and/or logic gate, etc.); and/or an electrically conductive pathway, an information transmission mechanism, and/or a communications connection, the pathway, mechanism, and/or connection established across two or more switching devices comprised by a network and between corresponding end systems connected to, but not comprised by the network.
  • a switching device such as a switch, relay, transistor, and/or logic gate, etc.
  • [100] co-operate - to work, act, and/or function together and/or in harmony, as opposed to separately and/or in competition.
  • conductor - an electrically conductive material and/or component adapted to apply a voltage to an electro-active material.
  • controller - a device and/or set of machine-readable instructions for performing one or more predetermined and/or user-defined tasks.
  • a controller can comprise any one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and/or software.
  • a controller can utilize mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, optical, informational, chemical, and/or biological principles, signals, and/or inputs to perform the task(s).
  • a controller can act upon information by manipulating, analyzing, modifying, converting, transmitting the information for use by an executable procedure and/or an information device, and/or routing the information to an output device.
  • a controller can be a central processing unit, a local controller, a remote controller, parallel controllers, and/or distributed controllers, etc.
  • the controller can be a general-purpose
  • the controller can be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that has been designed to implement in its hardware and/or firmware at least a part of an embodiment disclosed herein.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • [115] convert - to transform, adapt, and/or change.
  • detection - an act of sensing or perceiving.
  • [127] determine - to find out, obtain, calculate, decide, deduce, ascertain, and/or come to a decision, typically by investigation, reasoning, and/or calculation.
  • Sub-branches of this technology include, but are not limited to, electro-optics.
  • electro-active element - a component that utilizes an electro-active effect, such as an electro-active filter, reflector, lens, shutter, liquid crystal retarder, active (i.e., non-passive) polarity filter, electro-active element that is movable via an electro-active actuator, and/or conventional lens movable by an electro-active actuator.
  • an electro-active filter such as an electro-active filter, reflector, lens, shutter, liquid crystal retarder, active (i.e., non-passive) polarity filter, electro-active element that is movable via an electro-active actuator, and/or conventional lens movable by an electro-active actuator.
  • electro-optic - a branch of technology concerning the interaction between the electromagnetic (optical) and the electrical (electronic) states of materials and/or involving components, devices, systems, and/or processes that operate by modifying the optical properties of a material by applying to it an electrical field.
  • electrode - an electrically conducting element that emits and/or collects electrons and/or ions and/or controls their movement by means of an electric field applied to it.
  • [150] field of view - a range of space over which a camera can obtain an image and/or the angle between two rays passing through the perspective center (rear nodal point) of a camera lens to the two opposite sides of the format.
  • Fresnel lens - a thin optical lens comprising concentric rings of segmental lenses.
  • [159] generate - to create, produce, give rise to, and/or bring into existence.
  • haptic - involving the human sense of kinesthetic movement and/or the human sense of touch.
  • many potential haptic experiences are numerous sensations, body-positional differences in sensations, and time -based changes in sensations that are perceived at least partially in non-visual, non-audible, and non- olfactory manners, including the experiences of tactile touch (being touched), active touch, grasping, pressure, friction, traction, slip, stretch, force, torque, impact, puncture, vibration, motion, acceleration, jerk, pulse, orientation, limb position, gravity, texture, gap, recess, viscosity, pain, itch, moisture, temperature, thermal conductivity, and thermal capacity.
  • index of refraction - a measure of the extent to which a substance slows down light waves passing through it.
  • the index of refraction of a substance is equal to the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its speed in that substance. Its value determines the extent to which light is refracted when entering or leaving the substance.
  • information device any device capable of processing data and/or information, such as any general purpose and/or special purpose computer, such as a personal computer, workstation, server, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer, computer terminal, laptop, wearable computer, and/or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), mobile terminal, Bluetooth device, communicator, "smart” phone (such as an iPhone-like and/or Treo-like device), messaging service (e.g., Blackberry) receiver, pager, facsimile, cellular telephone, a traditional telephone, telephonic device, a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and/or peripheral integrated circuit elements, an ASIC or other integrated circuit, a hardware electronic logic circuit such as a discrete element circuit, and/or a programmable logic device such as a PLD, PLA, FPGA, or PAL, or the like, etc.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • mobile terminal such as a personal computer, workstation, server, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer, computer terminal, laptop, wearable computer, and/or Personal Digital Assistant
  • any device on which resides a finite state machine capable of implementing at least a portion of a method, structure, and/or or graphical user interface described herein may be used as an information device.
  • An information device can comprise components such as one or more network interfaces, one or more processors, one or more memories containing instructions, and/or one or more input/output (I/O) devices, one or more user interfaces coupled to an I/O device, etc.
  • I/O input/output
  • I/O device any device adapted to provide input to, and /or
  • instructions - directions which can be implemented as hardware, firmware, and/or software, the directions adapted to perform a particular operation and/or function via creation and/or maintenance of a predetermined physical circuit.
  • layer - a continuous and relatively thin material, region, stratum, course, lamina, coating, and/or sheet having one or more functions. Need not have a constant thickness.
  • lens - a piece of transparent substance, often glass and/or plastic, having two opposite surfaces either both curved or one curved and one plane, used in an optical device for changing the convergence and/or focal point of light rays;
  • a lens can be an ophthalmic lens, such as a spectacle lens, an intra ocular lens, and/or a contact lens.
  • liquid - a body of matter that exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility, including pumpable and/or flowable slurries and/or suspensions.
  • liquid crystal any of various liquids in which the atoms or molecules are
  • logic gate - a physical device adapted to perform a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and to produce a single logic output, which is manifested physically. Because the output is also a logic-level value, an output of one logic gate can connect to the input of one or more other logic gates, and via such combinations, complex operations can be performed.
  • the logic normally performed is Boolean logic and is most commonly found in digital circuits. The most common implementations of logic gates are based on electronics using resistors, transistors, and/or diodes, and such implementations often appear in large arrays in the form of integrated circuits (a.k.a.,
  • Each electronically- implemented logic gate typically has two inputs and one output, each having a logic level or state typically physically represented by a voltage. At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binary logic states (“false” (a.k.a., "low” or “0") or "true” (a.k.a., "high” or “1"), represented by different voltage levels, yet the logic state of a terminal can, and generally does, change often, as the circuit processes data. . Thus, each electronic logic gate typically requires power so that it can source and/or sink currents to achieve the correct output voltage.
  • machine-implementable instructions are ultimately encoded into binary values of "0"s and/or “l”s and, are typically written into and/or onto a memory device, such as a "register”, which records the binary value as a change in a physical property of the memory device, such as a change in voltage, current, charge, phase, pressure, weight, height, tension, level, gap, position, velocity, momentum, force, temperature, polarity, magnetic field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation, reflectivity, molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc.
  • a memory device such as a "register” which records the binary value as a change in a physical property of the memory device, such as a change in voltage, current, charge, phase, pressure, weight, height, tension, level, gap, position, velocity, momentum, force, temperature, polarity, magnetic field, magnetic force, magnetic orientation, reflectivity, molecular linkage, molecular weight, etc.
  • An exemplary register might store a value of "01101100", which encodes a total of 8 "bits” (one byte), where each value of either "0" or “1” is called a "bit” (and 8 bits are collectively called a "byte”).
  • bit 8 bits are collectively called a "byte”
  • any physical medium capable of switching between two saturated states can be used to represent a bit. Therefore, any physical system capable of representing binary bits is able to represent numerical quantities, and potentially can manipulate those numbers via particular encoded machine-implementable instructions. This is one of the basic concepts underlying digital computing.
  • a computer does not treat these "0"s and "l”s as numbers per se, but typically as voltage levels (in the case of an electronically-implemented computer), for example, a high voltage of approximately +3 volts might represent a "1" or “logical true” and a low voltage of approximately 0 volts might represent a "0" or “logical false” (or vice versa, depending on how the circuitry is designed).
  • These high and low voltages are typically fed into a series of logic gates, which in turn, through the correct logic design, produce the physical and logical results specified by the particular encoded machine-implementable instructions.
  • the logic gates might in turn access or write into some other registers which would in turn trigger other logic gates to initiate the requested service.
  • machine-implementable instructions - directions adapted to cause a machine, such as an information device, to perform one or more particular activities, operations, and/or functions via forming a particular physical circuit.
  • the directions which can sometimes form an entity called a "processor”, “kernel”, “operating system”, “program”, “application”, “utility”, “subroutine”, “script”, “macro”, “file”, “project”, “module”, “library”, “class”, and/or “object”, etc., can be embodied and/or encoded as machine code, source code, object code, compiled code, assembled code, interpretable code, and/or executable code, etc., in hardware, firmware, and/or software.
  • machine-readable medium a physical structure from which a machine, such as an information device, computer, microprocessor, and/or controller, etc., can store and/or obtain one or more machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or information. Examples include a memory device, punch card, player-piano scroll, etc.
  • material - a substance and/or composition.
  • [196] may - is allowed and/or permitted to, in at least some embodiments.
  • memory device - an apparatus capable of storing, sometimes permanently,
  • machine-implementable instructions, data, and/or information, in analog and/or digital format examples include at least one non-volatile memory, volatile memory, register, relay, switch, Random Access Memory, RAM, Read Only Memory, ROM, flash memory, magnetic media, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical media, optical disk, compact disk, CD, digital versatile disk, DVD, and/or raid array, etc.
  • the memory device can be coupled to a processor and/or can store and provide instructions adapted to be executed by processor, such as according to an embodiment disclosed herein.
  • said one or more acts not a fundamental principal and not pre-empting all uses of a fundamental principal.
  • more - a quantifier meaning greater in size, amount, extent, and/or degree.
  • network - a communicatively coupled plurality of nodes, communication
  • nodes and/or devices can be linked, such as via various wireline and/or wireless media, such as cables, telephone lines, power lines, optical fibers, radio waves, and/or light beams, etc., to share resources (such as printers and/or memory devices), exchange files, and/or allow electronic communications therebetween.
  • various wireline and/or wireless media such as cables, telephone lines, power lines, optical fibers, radio waves, and/or light beams, etc.
  • resources such as printers and/or memory devices
  • exchange files such as printers and/or allow electronic communications therebetween.
  • a network can be and/or can utilize any of a wide variety of sub-networks and/or protocols, such as a circuit switched, public-switched, packet switched, connection-less, wireless, virtual, radio, data, telephone, twisted pair, POTS, non-POTS, DSL, cellular, telecommunications, video distribution, cable, radio, terrestrial, microwave, broadcast, satellite, broadband, corporate, global, national, regional, wide area, backbone, packet-switched TCP/IP, IEEE 802.03, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Token Ring, local area, wide area, IP, public Internet, intranet, private, ATM, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Wi-Fi, BlueTooth, Airport, IEEE 802.11 , IEEE 802.1 la, IEEE 802.1 lb, IEEE 802.1 lg, X-10, electrical power, 3G, 4G, multi-domain, and/or multi-zone sub-network and/or protocol, one or more Internet service providers, one or more network interfaces, and/or one or more information devices, such as a switch,
  • network interface any physical and/or logical device, system, and/or process capable of coupling an information device to a network.
  • exemplary network interfaces comprise a telephone, cellular phone, cellular modem, telephone data modem, fax modem, wireless transceiver, communications port, Ethernet card, cable modem, digital subscriber line interface, bridge, hub, router, or other similar device, software to manage such a device, and/or software to provide a function of such a device.
  • object - a discrete thing that is real, perceptible, and tangible.
  • optical - of or relating to light, sight, and/or a visual representation optical - of or relating to light, sight, and/or a visual representation.
  • packet - a generic term for a bundle of data organized in a specific way for transmission, such as within and/or across a network, such as a digital packet- switching network, and comprising the data to be transmitted and certain control information, such as a destination address.
  • oscillating and/or repeating system such as an alternating electric current, one or more light waves, and/or a sound wave
  • a fixed reference point such as an alternating electric current, one or more light waves, and/or a sound wave
  • photolithography a process whereby metallic foils, fluidic circuits, and/or printed circuits can be created by exposing a photosensitive substrate to a pattern, such as a predesigned structural pattern and/or a circuit pattern, and chemically etching away either the exposed or unexposed portion of the substrate.
  • photon - a particle representing a quantum of light and/or other electromagnetic radiation, the particle having zero rest mass and carrying energy proportional to the frequency of the radiation.
  • point - a defined physical and/or logical location in at least a two- dimensional system and/or an element in a geometrically described set and/or a measurement or representation of a measurement having a time coordinate and a non-time coordinate, (v.) to indicate a position and/or direction of.
  • portion - a part, component, section, percentage, ratio, and/or quantity that is less than a larger whole. Can be visually, physically, and/or virtually distinguishable and/or non-distinguishable.
  • power - a measure of an ability of a vision system, eye, lens, and/or lens-assisted eye, to refract, magnify, separate, converge, and/or diverge; and/or a general term that may refer to any power such as effective, equivalent, dioptric, focal, refractive, surface, and/or vergence power.
  • probability - a quantitative representation of a likelihood of an occurrence.
  • processor - a machine that utilizes hardware, firmware, and/or software and is physically adaptable to perform, via Boolean logic operating on a plurality of logic gates that form particular physical circuits, a specific task defined by a set of machine-implementable instructions.
  • a processor can utilize mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, magnetic, optical, informational, chemical, and/or biological principles, mechanisms, adaptations, signals, inputs, and/or outputs to perform the task(s).
  • a processor can act upon information by manipulating, analyzing, modifying, and/or converting it, transmitting the information for use by machine-implementable instructions and/or an information device, and/or routing the information to an output device.
  • a processor can function as a central processing unit, local controller, remote controller, parallel controller, and/or distributed controller, etc. Unless stated otherwise, the processor can be a general-purpose device, such as a
  • the processor can be dedicated purpose device, such as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that has been designed to implement in its hardware and/or firmware at least a part of an embodiment disclosed herein.
  • a processor can reside on and use the capabilities of a controller.
  • [236] provide - to furnish, supply, give, and/or make available.
  • radial - pertaining to that which radiates from and/or converges to a common center and/or has or is characterized by parts so arranged or so radiating.
  • [240] recommend - to suggest, praise, commend, and/or endorse.
  • region - an area and/or zone.
  • [244] render - to, e.g., physically, chemically, biologically, electronically, electrically, magnetically, optically, acoustically, fluidically, and/or mechanically, etc., transform information into a form perceptible to a human as, for example, data, commands, text, graphics, audio, video, animation, and/or hyperlinks, etc., such as via a visual, audio, and/or haptic, etc., means and/or depiction, such as via a display, monitor, electric paper, ocular implant, cochlear implant, speaker, vibrator, shaker, force-feedback device, stylus, joystick, steering wheel, glove, blower, heater, cooler, pin array, tactile touchscreen, etc.
  • a closed loop e.g., ellipse, circle, irregular curve, polygon, etc.
  • scene - a place where action occurs and/or where an object of interest is present; something seen by a viewer; and/or a view and/or prospect.
  • second - an element following a first element in a set.
  • selection - (v.) the act of choosing and/or selecting and/or an assortment of things from which a choice can be made, (n.) a choice.
  • sensor - a device adapted to automatically sense, perceive, detect, and/or measure a physical property (e.g., pressure, temperature, flow, mass, heat, light, sound, humidity, proximity, position, velocity, vibration, loudness, voltage, current, capacitance, resistance, inductance, magnetic flux, and/or electro-magnetic radiation, etc.) and convert that physical quantity into a signal.
  • a physical property e.g., pressure, temperature, flow, mass, heat, light, sound, humidity, proximity, position, velocity, vibration, loudness, voltage, current, capacitance, resistance, inductance, magnetic flux, and/or electro-magnetic radiation, etc.
  • Examples include position sensors, proximity switches, stain gages, photo sensors, thermocouples, level indicating devices, speed sensors, accelerometers, electrical voltage indicators, electrical current indicators, on/off indicators, and/or flowmeters, etc.
  • server - an information device and/or a process running thereon, that is adapted to be communicatively coupled to a network and that is adapted to provide at least one service for at least one client, i.e., for at least one other information device communicatively coupled to the network and/or for at least one process running on another information device communicatively coupled to the network.
  • a file server which has a local drive and services requests from remote clients to read, write, and/or manage files on that drive.
  • e- mail server which provides at least one program that accepts, temporarily stores, relays, and/or delivers e-mail messages.
  • Still another example is a database server, which processes database queries.
  • Yet another example is a device server, which provides networked and/or programmable: access to, and/or monitoring, management, and/or control of, shared physical resources and/or devices, such as information devices, printers, modems, scanners, projectors, displays, lights, cameras, security equipment, proximity readers, card readers, kiosks, POS/retail equipment, phone systems, residential equipment, HVAC equipment, medical equipment, laboratory equipment, industrial equipment, machine tools, pumps, fans, motor drives, scales, programmable logic controllers, sensors, data collectors, actuators, alarms, annunciators, and/or input/output devices, etc.
  • devices such as information devices, printers, modems, scanners, projectors, displays, lights, cameras, security equipment, proximity readers, card readers, kiosks, POS/retail equipment, phone systems, residential equipment, HVAC equipment, medical equipment, laboratory equipment, industrial equipment, machine tools, pumps, fans, motor drives, scales, programmable logic controllers, sensors, data collectors, actuators, alarms, ann
  • a physical variable such as a pneumatic, hydraulic, acoustic, fluidic, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, optical, chemical, and/or biological variable, such as power, energy
  • a signal and/or the information encoded therein can be synchronous, asynchronous, hard real-time, soft real-time, non-real time, continuously generated, continuously varying, analog, discretely generated, discretely varying, quantized, digital, broadcast, multicast, unicast, transmitted, conveyed, received, continuously measured, discretely measured, processed, encoded, encrypted, multiplexed, modulated, spread, de-spread, demodulated, detected, de-multiplexed, decrypted, and/or decoded, etc.
  • substrate - an underlying material, region, base, stratum, course, lamina, coating, and/or sheet.
  • switch - (n.) a mechanical, electrical, and/or electronic device that opens and/or closes circuits, completes and/or breaks an electrical path, and/or selects paths and/or circuits; (v.) to: form, open, and/or close one or more circuits; form, complete, and/or break an electrical and/or informational path; alternate between electrically energizing and de-energizing; select a path and/or circuit from a plurality of available paths and/or circuits; and/or establish a connection between disparate transmission path segments in a network (or between networks); (n) a physical device, such as a mechanical, electrical, and/or electronic device, that is adapted to switch.
  • system a collection of mechanisms, devices, machines, articles of manufacture, processes, data, and/or instructions, the collection designed to perform one or more specific functions.
  • time - a measurement of a point in a nonspatial continuum in which events occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.
  • [277] transform - to change in measurable: form, appearance, nature, and/or character.
  • user interface any device for rendering information to a user and/or requesting information from the user.
  • a user interface includes at least one of textual, graphical, audio, video, animation, and/or haptic elements.
  • a textual element can be provided, for example, by a printer, monitor, display, projector, etc.
  • a graphical element can be provided, for example, via a monitor, display, projector, and/or visual indication device, such as a light, flag, beacon, etc.
  • An audio element can be provided, for example, via a speaker, microphone, and/or other sound generating and/or receiving device.
  • a video element or animation element can be provided, for example, via a monitor, display, projector, and/or other visual device.
  • a haptic element can be provided, for example, via a very low frequency speaker, vibrator, tactile stimulator, tactile pad, simulator, keyboard, keypad, mouse, trackball, joystick, gamepad, wheel, touchpad, touch panel, pointing device, and/or other haptic device, etc.
  • a user interface can include one or more textual elements such as, for example, one or more letters, number, symbols, etc.
  • a user interface can include one or more graphical elements such as, for example, an image, photograph, drawing, icon, window, title bar, panel, sheet, tab, drawer, matrix, table, form, calendar, outline view, frame, dialog box, static text, text box, list, pick list, pop-up list, pull-down list, menu, tool bar, dock, check box, radio button, hyperlink, browser, button, control, palette, preview panel, color wheel, dial, slider, scroll bar, cursor, status bar, stepper, and/or progress indicator, etc.
  • a textual and/or graphical element can be used for selecting, programming, adjusting, changing, specifying, etc.
  • a user interface can include one or more audio elements such as, for example, a volume control, pitch control, speed control, voice selector, and/or one or more elements for controlling audio play, speed, pause, fast forward, reverse, etc.
  • a user interface can include one or more video elements such as, for example, elements controlling video play, speed, pause, fast forward, reverse, zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate, and/or tilt, etc.
  • a user interface can include one or more animation elements such as, for example, elements controlling animation play, pause, fast forward, reverse, zoom-in, zoom-out, rotate, tilt, color, intensity, speed, frequency, appearance, etc.
  • a user interface can include one or more haptic elements such as, for example, elements utilizing tactile stimulus, force, pressure, vibration, motion, displacement, temperature, etc.
  • variable-focus - having the quality of adjustable focus in a single specified optic.
  • voltage - (a.k.a., "potential difference” and “electro-motive force” (EMF)) a difference in electrical potential between any two conductors of an electrical circuit and/or a quantity, expressed as a signed number of Volts (V), and measured as a signed difference between two points in an electrical circuit which, when divided by the resistance in Ohms between those points, gives the current flowing between those points in Amperes, according to Ohm's Law.
  • V voltage a.k.a., "potential difference” and “electro-motive force”
  • the claimed subject matter includes and covers all variations, details, and equivalents of that claimed subject matter. Moreover, as permitted by law, every combination of the herein described characteristics, functions, activities, substances, and/or structural elements, and all possible variations, details, and equivalents thereof, is encompassed by the claimed subject matter unless otherwise clearly indicated herein, clearly and specifically disclaimed, or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
  • any two or more described substances can be mixed, combined, reacted,
  • any described characteristics, functions, activities, substances, and/or structural elements can be integrated, segregated, and/or duplicated;
  • any described activity can be performed manually, semi-auto matically, and/or automatically;
  • any described activity can be repeated, any activity can be performed by multiple entities, and/or any activity can be performed in multiple jurisdictions;
  • element can be specifically excluded, the sequence of activities can vary, and/or the interrelationship of structural elements can vary.

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Abstract

Certains modes de réalisation à titre d'exemples peuvent comprendre un système, une machine, un dispositif, une fabrication, un circuit, une composition de matière et/ou une interface utilisateur conçus pour des activités et/ou résultant de ces dernières, et/ou un procédé et/ou un support lisible par machine comprenant des instructions pouvant être exécutées par machine pour des activités qui peuvent comprendre et/ou être associées au réglage d'une puissance optique d'une lentille électro-active qui est implantée dans un porteur.
PCT/US2014/027837 2013-03-15 2014-03-14 Lentille intraoculaire réglable post-chirurgicale WO2014143747A1 (fr)

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GB2502881B (en) * 2012-04-23 2016-03-16 E Vision Smart Optics Inc Systems, devices, and/or methods for managing implantable devices

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US20080208335A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2008-08-28 Blum Ronald D Flexible electro-active lens
US20090033863A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2009-02-05 Blum Ronald D Ophthalmic dynamic aperture
US20110176103A1 (en) * 2007-03-07 2011-07-21 Pixeloptics, Inc. Refractive-Diffractive Multifocal Lens
US20120212696A1 (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-23 Pixeloptics, Inc. Variable optical element comprising a liquid crystal alignment layer

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US4575373A (en) * 1984-11-02 1986-03-11 Johnson Don R Laser adjustable intraocular lens and method of altering lens power
US20060261502A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2006-11-23 Platt Ben C Delivery system for post-operative power adjustment of adjustable lens
US20080208335A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2008-08-28 Blum Ronald D Flexible electro-active lens
US20090033863A1 (en) * 2007-02-23 2009-02-05 Blum Ronald D Ophthalmic dynamic aperture
US20110176103A1 (en) * 2007-03-07 2011-07-21 Pixeloptics, Inc. Refractive-Diffractive Multifocal Lens
US20120212696A1 (en) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-23 Pixeloptics, Inc. Variable optical element comprising a liquid crystal alignment layer

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