WO2014140826A2 - Renewable energy system for generating hydrogen and hydrogen products - Google Patents

Renewable energy system for generating hydrogen and hydrogen products Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014140826A2
WO2014140826A2 PCT/IB2014/000906 IB2014000906W WO2014140826A2 WO 2014140826 A2 WO2014140826 A2 WO 2014140826A2 IB 2014000906 W IB2014000906 W IB 2014000906W WO 2014140826 A2 WO2014140826 A2 WO 2014140826A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
generating
generated
generation module
electrical energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/000906
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2014140826A3 (en
Inventor
Ernesto Occhiello
Original Assignee
Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saudi Basic Industries Corporation filed Critical Saudi Basic Industries Corporation
Priority to CN201480013402.3A priority Critical patent/CN105209372A/en
Priority to US14/767,537 priority patent/US20150377211A1/en
Priority to EP14732943.7A priority patent/EP2969921A2/en
Priority to BR112015022100A priority patent/BR112015022100A2/en
Publication of WO2014140826A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014140826A2/en
Publication of WO2014140826A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014140826A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/025—Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
    • C07C5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by hydrogenation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D5/00—Other wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D5/00—Other wind motors
    • F03D5/06—Other wind motors the wind-engaging parts swinging to-and-fro and not rotating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/19—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing chemical energy, e.g. using electrolysis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/061—Methanol production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/068—Ammonia synthesis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/61—Application for hydrogen and/or oxygen production
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/917—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure attached to cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/92—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure
    • F05B2240/921—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on an airbourne structure kept aloft due to aerodynamic effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to renewable energy systems and more particularly to renewable energy systems for generating hydrogen that can be used to produce chemical products.
  • renewable energy systems may generate fluctuating amounts of electrical energy. For example, during times of low wind, a wind energy system may produce too little energy. Conversely, during times of high wind, a wind energy system may produce excess energy.
  • Another disadvantage to wind energy systems is that prevailing winds are often located away from energy users and therefore require the construction and maintenance of energy transportation structures.
  • a process for generating chemical products comprises generating electrical energy through a renewable energy source, generating hydrogen using, at least partially, electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source, and producing one or more chemical products utilizing the hydrogen generated using the electrical energy.
  • the renewable energy source may be generated by a high altitude wind system.
  • the hydrogen may be generated using an electrolysis cell.
  • the chemical product may comprise one or more of ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
  • an apparatus for generating chemical compositions comprises a renewable energy source for generating electrical energy, a hydrogen generation module powered at least partially by electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source, and a chemical generation module for processing generated hydrogen into chemical products.
  • the renewable energy source may be a high altitude wind system.
  • the hydrogen generation module may be an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen from water.
  • the hydrogen module may use the chlor-alkali process to generate hydrogen.
  • the chlor-alkali process may be one of a membrane, diaphragm or mercury process.
  • the chemical generation module may generate one or more of ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
  • the chemical generation module may be an ammonia generation loop.
  • the high altitude wind system may comprise a vertical-axis wind turbine, at least one kite disposed to be immersed in a wind current and connected to the vertical-axis wind turbine to rotate the vertical-axis wind turbine, and at least one generator cooperating with the vertical-axis wind turbine to generate electricity.
  • the vertical-axis wind turbine may comprise an arm connected to the kite.
  • the high altitude wind system may comprise a carousel system that includes a circular rail and modules adapted to move on the rail.
  • the system may contain a plurality of kites disposed to be immersed in a wind current and connected to modules which cause the modules to move on the rails and generate electricity based on the movement.
  • a processing module for using generated hydrogen to make at least one chemical product may be provided.
  • the at least one chemical product may comprise ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
  • the hydrogen generation module may comprise an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen from water.
  • the electrolysis cell may be a chlor-alkali electrolysis cell.
  • An auxiliary energy source for powering the hydrogen generation module may be provided and an energy storage device for storing excess energy may be provided.
  • a hydrogen storage device for storing excess hydrogen may be provided.
  • a floating platform for supporting the wind system and hydrogen generation module may be provided.
  • a method for generating hydrogen comprises generating electrical energy using high altitude winds and generating hydrogen using the generated electrical energy.
  • the hydrogen may be generated through electrolysis of water.
  • the electrical energy may be generated using a kite wind energy system.
  • the hydrogen may be reacted with other reactants to form a chemical product, and the chemical product may comprise ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a renewable energy system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an ammonia generation system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of ammonia generation system in accordance with another illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a renewable energy system 10.
  • the system includes a renewable energy source 20 for generating electrical energy and a hydrogen generation module 30 for generating hydrogen using the generated electrical energy.
  • the renewable energy source 20 and hydrogen generation module 30 are disposed at the same site (i.e., not connected by a conventional electrical grid).
  • at least one processing module 40 is included at the same site to utilize the hydrogen.
  • the processing module 40 may use the hydrogen to produce chemical products such as ammonia, methanol, and/or olefins.
  • a storage module 50 may be included to store excess generated power or excess generated hydrogen. Power or hydrogen can be stored until needed or until prices reach acceptable levels.
  • the renewable energy system is a wind energy system.
  • the renewable energy source may also be a solar, rain, tidal, wave, or geothermal energy system.
  • the high altitude wind energy system is a kite wind energy system.
  • kite wind energy system is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,080,889, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • This patent describes a system for converting wind energy that has at least one power wing profile (i.e., a kite) which can be driven from the ground.
  • the power wing profile is immersed in at least one aeolian current.
  • a basic platform for controlling the wing profile and generating electric energy is placed at ground level and is connected through two ropes to the power wing profile.
  • the basic platform is adapted to drive the wing profile and to generate electric energy.
  • the two ropes are adapted to transmit forces from and to the wing profile and are used both for controlling a flight trajectory of the wing profile and for generating energy.
  • the system described in this patent may be a mobile system.
  • FIG. 1672214B Another suitable high altitude wind energy system is a vertical stem type kite wind energy system.
  • One such vertical stem type system is described in European Patent No. 1672214B1, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • This publication describes a wind energy system with, among other things, a movable stem used to raise the kite to an initial take-off height, a guiding system that expands a kite to an open position, and winches that are automatically controlled by a kite piloting system.
  • Another such vertical stem type system is described in U.S. Patent Publication 2011/0074161, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • This publication describes a wind energy system with, among other things, an orientable arm connected by control cables to a wing (i.e., a kite).
  • a jet-type ventilation plant is provided to assist with initial take-off of the wing.
  • a variable-geometry system and a driving system are provided for controlling and supporting the wing.
  • Such a system may be located on-shore or off-shore (i.e., on a floating platform).
  • FIG. 8 Yet another suitable high altitude wind energy system kite system is vertical axis system described in U.S. Patent No. 8,134,249 B2, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • This patent discloses a wind energy system that utilizes a plurality of kites connected to a rotatable arm.
  • the rotatable arm turns about a vertical axis and is geared with a conventional generator.
  • the vertical axis system provides certain advantages, especially with respect to takeoff of the kites.
  • Such a carousel system may be located on-shore or off-shore (i.e., on a floating platform).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 8,319,368 discloses carousel system equipped with a circular rail where movement of the models resulting from traction pull from the kites, causes the modules to move on the rails and generate electricity based on the movement.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,182 discloses a device equipped with "parakite” (or “modified parachute”) to capture aeolian energy and convert it into a rotary motion of a shaft which actuates a generator. This device is characterized by a pair of "trains of parakite" in which the wing profiles are arranged in series.
  • Chinese patent CN 1,052,723 discloses an aeolian current generator equipped with a pair of kites through which the traction exerted by the aeolian currents is converted, through high-resistance ropes, into rotation of a drum placed at ground level.
  • British patent GB 2,317,422 discloses a device equipped with multiple wing profiles which, due to the effect of wind action, rotate a vertical shaft connected to a generator for producing current.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,245 discloses a device for exploiting aeolian energy composed of multiple kites connected to ropes which form a ring.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,034 discloses a device equipped with a wing profile ("tethered aircraft") pushed by the aeolian currents at a controlled speed, in order to exploit the wind aeolian energy.
  • Dutch patent NL 1017171C discloses a device similar to the previously described one in which however the manual driving mode is not provided, and in which the recovery of the wing profile occurs by inclining the kite as a flag, in order to minimize the wind thrust when rewinding the ropes.
  • 6,523,781 discloses a device composed of a wing profile ("airfoil kite”) through which the aeolian energy is captured, having an entry edge, an exit edge and two side edges.
  • United States application US2005046197 discloses a device equipped with a wing profile ("kite”) for exploiting the aeolian energy which generates electricity by actuating, by means of ropes, a winch connected to a generator.
  • an auxiliary energy source can be provided to provide a steady state supply of electricity as needed by the plant/site to account for variations in wind energy.
  • the auxiliary energy source can include transmission lines connected to an electrical grid, fossil fuel plants, nuclear power plants, another renewable energy source or any other conventional energy source.
  • the hydrogen generator 30 generates hydrogen through electrolysis of water.
  • the hydrogen generator is able to quickly respond to dynamic changes in the amount of available electricity.
  • One suitable hydrogen generation module is the NEL ⁇ 60 pressurized electro lyzer, which is available from NEL Hydrogen AS, Notodden, Norway.
  • Another suitable hydrogen generation module is a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer such as those developed by Siemens AG, Kunststoff, Germany.
  • a membrane electrolyzer is advantageous in that it reacts to changes in available electric energy in milliseconds.
  • the hydrogen generator 30 may also be a chlor-alkali plant.
  • the chlor-alkali process is an energy intensive process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions.
  • the chlor-alkali process creates other useful products, including chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
  • the chlor-alkali plant utilizes a membrane cell.
  • Other types of chlor-alkali plants such as a diaphragm cell and mercury cell plants may be used as well.
  • the chlorine produced by the chlor-alkali process may be liquefied and stored on site for future use or for transportation.
  • the hydrogen may be stored for further processing or for transportation.
  • at least one processing module 40 is included at the same site to utilize the hydrogen.
  • the processing module 40 may use the hydrogen to produce chemical products such as ammonia, methanol, and/or olefins.
  • the hydrogen may be transported by ground transportation or by pipeline.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are schematic illustrations of suitable ammonia generation system which utilize hydrogen.
  • the ammonia generation plant is a continuous running plant.
  • additional hydrogen generated by the renewable energy source and nitrogen are added upstream of the synthesis-loop compressor.
  • additional hydrogen generated by the renewable energy source and nitrogen are added downstream of the synthesis-loop compressor.
  • Ammonia reactors typically operate at around an average maximum of 430°C temperature and 210 bar pressure.
  • the reactors are normally not a bottleneck in turn down ratios of the plant.
  • the main bottleneck in the turn down ratio is the synthesis compressor which boosts synthesis loop pressure from around 30 to 210 bar.
  • the minimum load should be around 70% for efficient operation. This figure can be reduced but in this case kick-backs of compressor have to be opened to prevent surges.
  • an independent synthesis loop can be set up to process hydrogen.
  • An independent loop may be costly, however, and if additional hydrogen is not continuously available then a restart of reactor would require additional time 4 - 12 hours depending on the duration of shut down.
  • a storage module 50 may be included to store excess generated power or excess generated hydrogen. Power or hydrogen can be stored until needed or until prices reach acceptable levels.
  • the hydrogen storage may take the form of gaseous hydrogen storage. Gaseous hydrogen storage is extensively employed around the world for both large and small scale storage. The two main methods currently used for large-scale hydrogen gas production are cavities created by dissociation in salt formations and deep aquifer layers.
  • a gaseous hydrogen cavern is located at Teesside, UK and operated by Sabic Petrochemicals. It has a 3 x 70,000 cubic meter storage capacity.
  • the disclosed system advantageously converts electricity into a marketable product other than electricity. This allows for a more efficient use of resources (to some degree a self- contained system for producing chemical products).
  • the system could be used to produce hydrogen but any excess could be further utilized in the plant/site for other purposes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for generating hydrogen includes a renewable energy source for generating electrical energy and a hydrogen generation module powered at least partially by electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source. The hydrogen generation module generates hydrogen through electrolysis of water. The hydrogen may be used by a chemical generation module to form hydrogen containing chemical products such as ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.

Description

DESCRIPTION
RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM FOR GENERATING HYDROGEN AND
HYDROGEN PRODUCTS
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/776,420 filed March 11, 2013. The contents of the referenced application are incorporated into the present application by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to renewable energy systems and more particularly to renewable energy systems for generating hydrogen that can be used to produce chemical products.
2. Description of Related Art
[0003] Systems for producing electrical energy from renewable energy sources are known. One disadvantage of renewable energy systems is that they may generate fluctuating amounts of electrical energy. For example, during times of low wind, a wind energy system may produce too little energy. Conversely, during times of high wind, a wind energy system may produce excess energy. Another disadvantage to wind energy systems is that prevailing winds are often located away from energy users and therefore require the construction and maintenance of energy transportation structures.
[0004] Accordingly, there is a need for a process and system that can utilize energy locally and is readily adaptable to the amount of energy produced.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a process for generating chemical products comprises generating electrical energy through a renewable energy source, generating hydrogen using, at least partially, electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source, and producing one or more chemical products utilizing the hydrogen generated using the electrical energy.
[0006] The renewable energy source may be generated by a high altitude wind system. The hydrogen may be generated using an electrolysis cell. The chemical product may comprise one or more of ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
[0007] According to another exemplary embodiment, an apparatus for generating chemical compositions comprises a renewable energy source for generating electrical energy, a hydrogen generation module powered at least partially by electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source, and a chemical generation module for processing generated hydrogen into chemical products.
[0008] The renewable energy source may be a high altitude wind system. The hydrogen generation module may be an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen from water. The hydrogen module may use the chlor-alkali process to generate hydrogen. The chlor-alkali process may be one of a membrane, diaphragm or mercury process.
[0009] The chemical generation module may generate one or more of ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin. The chemical generation module may be an ammonia generation loop.
[0010] In accordance with another embodiment, a high altitude wind system for generating electrical energy and a hydrogen generation module powered at least partially by electrical energy generated by using airfoils to take advantage of high altitude winds.
[0011] The high altitude wind system may comprise a vertical-axis wind turbine, at least one kite disposed to be immersed in a wind current and connected to the vertical-axis wind turbine to rotate the vertical-axis wind turbine, and at least one generator cooperating with the vertical-axis wind turbine to generate electricity. The vertical-axis wind turbine may comprise an arm connected to the kite.
[0012] The high altitude wind system may comprise a carousel system that includes a circular rail and modules adapted to move on the rail. The system may contain a plurality of kites disposed to be immersed in a wind current and connected to modules which cause the modules to move on the rails and generate electricity based on the movement. [0013] A processing module for using generated hydrogen to make at least one chemical product may be provided. The at least one chemical product may comprise ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin. The hydrogen generation module may comprise an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen from water. The electrolysis cell may be a chlor-alkali electrolysis cell.
[0014] An auxiliary energy source for powering the hydrogen generation module may be provided and an energy storage device for storing excess energy may be provided.
[0015] A hydrogen storage device for storing excess hydrogen may be provided.
[0016] A floating platform for supporting the wind system and hydrogen generation module may be provided.
[0017] In another embodiment, a method for generating hydrogen comprises generating electrical energy using high altitude winds and generating hydrogen using the generated electrical energy. The hydrogen may be generated through electrolysis of water. The electrical energy may be generated using a kite wind energy system. The hydrogen may be reacted with other reactants to form a chemical product, and the chemical product may comprise ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a renewable energy system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention;
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an ammonia generation system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention; and
[0020] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of ammonia generation system in accordance with another illustrative embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
[0021] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which are shown exemplary but non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the invention. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those having skill in the art to practice the invention, and it is understood that other embodiments may be used, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the invention is defined only by the appended claims.
[0022] Figure 1 shows a renewable energy system 10. The system includes a renewable energy source 20 for generating electrical energy and a hydrogen generation module 30 for generating hydrogen using the generated electrical energy. Preferably, the renewable energy source 20 and hydrogen generation module 30 are disposed at the same site (i.e., not connected by a conventional electrical grid). In one embodiment, at least one processing module 40 is included at the same site to utilize the hydrogen. The processing module 40 may use the hydrogen to produce chemical products such as ammonia, methanol, and/or olefins. A storage module 50 may be included to store excess generated power or excess generated hydrogen. Power or hydrogen can be stored until needed or until prices reach acceptable levels.
[0023] In the illustrated embodiment, the renewable energy system is a wind energy system. In other embodiments, the renewable energy source may also be a solar, rain, tidal, wave, or geothermal energy system.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the high altitude wind energy system is a kite wind energy system. One suitable kite wind energy system is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,080,889, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This patent describes a system for converting wind energy that has at least one power wing profile (i.e., a kite) which can be driven from the ground. The power wing profile is immersed in at least one aeolian current. A basic platform for controlling the wing profile and generating electric energy is placed at ground level and is connected through two ropes to the power wing profile. The basic platform is adapted to drive the wing profile and to generate electric energy. The two ropes are adapted to transmit forces from and to the wing profile and are used both for controlling a flight trajectory of the wing profile and for generating energy. The system described in this patent may be a mobile system.
[0025] Another suitable high altitude wind energy system is a vertical stem type kite wind energy system. One such vertical stem type system is described in European Patent No. 1672214B1, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This publication describes a wind energy system with, among other things, a movable stem used to raise the kite to an initial take-off height, a guiding system that expands a kite to an open position, and winches that are automatically controlled by a kite piloting system. Another such vertical stem type system is described in U.S. Patent Publication 2011/0074161, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This publication describes a wind energy system with, among other things, an orientable arm connected by control cables to a wing (i.e., a kite). A jet-type ventilation plant is provided to assist with initial take-off of the wing. A variable-geometry system and a driving system are provided for controlling and supporting the wing. Such a system may be located on-shore or off-shore (i.e., on a floating platform).
[0026] Yet another suitable high altitude wind energy system kite system is vertical axis system described in U.S. Patent No. 8,134,249 B2, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. This patent discloses a wind energy system that utilizes a plurality of kites connected to a rotatable arm. The rotatable arm turns about a vertical axis and is geared with a conventional generator. The vertical axis system provides certain advantages, especially with respect to takeoff of the kites. Such a carousel system may be located on-shore or off-shore (i.e., on a floating platform).
[0027] Further examples of suitable high altitude wind energy systems are described in the following references, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. Pat. No. 8,319,368 discloses carousel system equipped with a circular rail where movement of the models resulting from traction pull from the kites, causes the modules to move on the rails and generate electricity based on the movement. U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,182 discloses a device equipped with "parakite" (or "modified parachute") to capture aeolian energy and convert it into a rotary motion of a shaft which actuates a generator. This device is characterized by a pair of "trains of parakite" in which the wing profiles are arranged in series. Chinese patent CN 1,052,723 discloses an aeolian current generator equipped with a pair of kites through which the traction exerted by the aeolian currents is converted, through high-resistance ropes, into rotation of a drum placed at ground level. British patent GB 2,317,422 discloses a device equipped with multiple wing profiles which, due to the effect of wind action, rotate a vertical shaft connected to a generator for producing current. U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,245 discloses a device for exploiting aeolian energy composed of multiple kites connected to ropes which form a ring. The kites are driven in order to alternate an ascending path and a descending path determining a rotary ring motion always along the same direction. U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,034 discloses a device equipped with a wing profile ("tethered aircraft") pushed by the aeolian currents at a controlled speed, in order to exploit the wind aeolian energy. Dutch patent NL 1017171C discloses a device similar to the previously described one in which however the manual driving mode is not provided, and in which the recovery of the wing profile occurs by inclining the kite as a flag, in order to minimize the wind thrust when rewinding the ropes. U.S. Pat. No. 6,523,781 discloses a device composed of a wing profile ("airfoil kite") through which the aeolian energy is captured, having an entry edge, an exit edge and two side edges. United States application US2005046197 discloses a device equipped with a wing profile ("kite") for exploiting the aeolian energy which generates electricity by actuating, by means of ropes, a winch connected to a generator.
[0028] In addition to the renewable energy source, an auxiliary energy source can be provided to provide a steady state supply of electricity as needed by the plant/site to account for variations in wind energy. The auxiliary energy source can include transmission lines connected to an electrical grid, fossil fuel plants, nuclear power plants, another renewable energy source or any other conventional energy source.
[0029] The hydrogen generator 30 generates hydrogen through electrolysis of water. Preferably, the hydrogen generator is able to quickly respond to dynamic changes in the amount of available electricity. One suitable hydrogen generation module is the NEL Ρ·60 pressurized electro lyzer, which is available from NEL Hydrogen AS, Notodden, Norway. Another suitable hydrogen generation module is a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer such as those developed by Siemens AG, Munich, Germany. A membrane electrolyzer is advantageous in that it reacts to changes in available electric energy in milliseconds.
[0030] The hydrogen generator 30 may also be a chlor-alkali plant. The chlor-alkali process is an energy intensive process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. In addition to hydrogen, the chlor-alkali process creates other useful products, including chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Preferably, the chlor-alkali plant utilizes a membrane cell. Other types of chlor-alkali plants such as a diaphragm cell and mercury cell plants may be used as well. The chlorine produced by the chlor-alkali process may be liquefied and stored on site for future use or for transportation.
[0031] The hydrogen may be stored for further processing or for transportation. In one embodiment, at least one processing module 40 is included at the same site to utilize the hydrogen. The processing module 40 may use the hydrogen to produce chemical products such as ammonia, methanol, and/or olefins. The hydrogen may be transported by ground transportation or by pipeline.
[0032] Figs. 2 and 3 are schematic illustrations of suitable ammonia generation system which utilize hydrogen. In these figures, the ammonia generation plant is a continuous running plant. In the embodiment of Fig. 2, additional hydrogen generated by the renewable energy source and nitrogen are added upstream of the synthesis-loop compressor. In the embodiment of Fig. 3, additional hydrogen generated by the renewable energy source and nitrogen are added downstream of the synthesis-loop compressor.
[0033] Both of these systems will allow up to about 30% additional flow of hydrogen. Ammonia reactors typically operate at around an average maximum of 430°C temperature and 210 bar pressure. The reactors are normally not a bottleneck in turn down ratios of the plant. The main bottleneck in the turn down ratio is the synthesis compressor which boosts synthesis loop pressure from around 30 to 210 bar. For continuous operation of an ammonia loop, the minimum load should be around 70% for efficient operation. This figure can be reduced but in this case kick-backs of compressor have to be opened to prevent surges.
[0034] In addition to the above methods, which utilize extra hydrogen in existing ammonia production, an independent synthesis loop can be set up to process hydrogen. An independent loop may be costly, however, and if additional hydrogen is not continuously available then a restart of reactor would require additional time 4 - 12 hours depending on the duration of shut down.
[0035] A storage module 50 may be included to store excess generated power or excess generated hydrogen. Power or hydrogen can be stored until needed or until prices reach acceptable levels. The hydrogen storage may take the form of gaseous hydrogen storage. Gaseous hydrogen storage is extensively employed around the world for both large and small scale storage. The two main methods currently used for large-scale hydrogen gas production are cavities created by dissociation in salt formations and deep aquifer layers. One example of a gaseous hydrogen cavern is located at Teesside, UK and operated by Sabic Petrochemicals. It has a 3 x 70,000 cubic meter storage capacity.
[0036] The disclosed system advantageously converts electricity into a marketable product other than electricity. This allows for a more efficient use of resources (to some degree a self- contained system for producing chemical products). The system could be used to produce hydrogen but any excess could be further utilized in the plant/site for other purposes.

Claims

1. A process for generating chemical products comprising:
generating electrical energy through a renewable energy source;
generating hydrogen using, at least partially, electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source; and
producing a chemical product utilizing the hydrogen generated by the electrical energy.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the renewable energy source comprises a high altitude wind system.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein hydrogen is generated using an electrolysis cell.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein hydrogen is generated using a chlor-alkali process.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the chlor-alkali process is one of a membrane, diaphragm or a mercury process.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the chemical product comprises one or more of ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the step of producing a chemical product comprises generating ammonia.
8. An apparatus for generating chemical compositions comprising:
a renewable energy source for generating electrical energy;
a hydrogen generation module powered at least partially by electrical energy generated by the renewable energy source;
a chemical generation module for processing generated hydrogen into chemical products.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the renewable energy source comprises a high altitude wind system.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the hydrogen generation module comprises an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen from water.
11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the hydrogen generation module comprises a chlor- alkali cell.
12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the chemical generation module generates one or more of ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
13. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the chemical generation module comprises an ammonia generation loop.
14. An apparatus comprising:
a high altitude wind system for generating electrical energy; and
a hydrogen generation module powered at least partially by electrical energy generated by the high altitude wind system.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the high altitude wind system comprises:
a vertical-axis wind turbine;
at least one kite disposed to be immersed in a wind current, the at least one kite connected to the vertical-axis wind turbine to rotate the vertical-axis wind turbine; and
at least one generator cooperating with the vertical-axis wind turbine to generate electricity.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the vertical-axis wind turbine comprises an arm connected to the kite.
17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the high altitude wind system comprises:
a vertical-axis wind turbine comprising a carousel;
a plurality of kites disposed to be immersed in a wind current, the plurality of kites being connected to the carousel to rotate the vertical-axis wind turbine; and
at least one generator cooperating with the vertical-axis wind turbine to generate electricity.
18. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a processing module for using generated hydrogen to make at least one chemical product.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one chemical product comprises ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the hydrogen generation module comprises an electrolysis cell for generating hydrogen from water.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the electrolysis cell is a chlor-alkali electrolysis cell.
22. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising an auxiliary energy source for powering the hydrogen generation module.
23. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising an energy storage device for storing excess energy.
24. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising a hydrogen storage device for storing excess hydrogen.
25. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a floating platform for supporting the wind system and hydrogen generation module.
26. A method for generating hydrogen, comprising
generating electrical energy using high altitude winds; and
generating hydrogen using the generated electrical energy.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the hydrogen is generated through electrolysis of water.
The method of claim 26, wherein the electrical energy is generated using a kite wind gy system.
29. The method of claim 26, further comprising combining the hydrogen with other reactants to form a chemical product.
30. The method of claim 29, wherein the chemical product comprises ammonia, methanol and/or an olefin.
PCT/IB2014/000906 2013-03-11 2014-03-05 Renewable energy system for generating hydrogen and hydrogen products WO2014140826A2 (en)

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