WO2014139457A1 - 海浪稳定发电系统 - Google Patents

海浪稳定发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014139457A1
WO2014139457A1 PCT/CN2014/073421 CN2014073421W WO2014139457A1 WO 2014139457 A1 WO2014139457 A1 WO 2014139457A1 CN 2014073421 W CN2014073421 W CN 2014073421W WO 2014139457 A1 WO2014139457 A1 WO 2014139457A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
pressure
water
reciprocating
wave
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/073421
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周剑辉
周鼎铭
Original Assignee
Zhou Jianhui
Zhou Dingming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhou Jianhui, Zhou Dingming filed Critical Zhou Jianhui
Publication of WO2014139457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014139457A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1885—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
    • F03B13/189—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem acting directly on the piston of a pump
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wave stable power generation system which utilizes an unstable power source, such as wave energy, wind energy, etc., to construct a large-scale power station and can stably generate electricity.
  • an unstable power source such as wave energy, wind energy, etc.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a wave stable power generation system which is reasonable in structure, can effectively utilize sea wave energy, or can utilize a wind power to construct a power station on a large scale, and can stably generate power.
  • the technical solution of the present invention includes an energy collecting unit, an energy collecting output system, and a water turbine generator set; collecting energy of the unstable power source by the energy collecting unit, and converting the energy into a reciprocating linear motion;
  • the energy convergence output system converts the energy of the reciprocating linear motion into liquid energy having a specific pressure, and drives the turbine generator set to generate electricity;
  • the energy collecting unit is connected to the energy gathering output system, the energy gathering output system and the water turbine
  • the energy collecting unit comprises a wave energy collecting unit;
  • the wave energy collecting unit comprises a floating body, a steel rope and a pulley block, wherein the floating body is connected with one end of the steel wire, and the steel wire passes through the pulley block to make the steel wire rope The other end of the line makes vertical straight motion.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, simple control, using fresh water as the medium, circulating operation, maximally protecting the equipment, improving the service life and reliability, and concentrating the energy of the plurality of energy collecting units to generate electricity, which can effectively improve the power of the single unit and concentrate the power generation.
  • the equipment is beneficial to management and maintenance. On the basis of the wave energy collection unit, it can share infrastructure and space resources with the wind energy collection unit to improve efficiency and improve safety.
  • the inherent disadvantages of the large-capacity reciprocating water pump are as follows: cumbersome, low speed
  • the invention is no longer a disadvantage in the system of the invention, but is highly efficient and suitable for long-term operation and more suitable for the functional requirements of the system of the invention.
  • the invention can also greatly simplify the manufacturing technology of the wind power generation system, especially the change of the power generation form is greatly It simplifies the control technology of the traditional wind power generation system and has greater adaptability to the change of wind speed.
  • the energy can be received in full, and since the system of the present invention uses the turbine generator set , can fundamentally solve traditional wind power Low-voltage electric power system through the Internet problem.
  • the system of the invention is constructed along the coast in the shallow sea area, and can effectively absorb the energy of the waves and form a protection for the bank, which can effectively reduce natural disasters.
  • the system of the invention can also be applied to large offshore platforms.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the planar distribution structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a combination of a wave energy collecting unit and a reciprocating water pump of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a horizontal axis double-blade in the wind energy collecting unit.
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the horizontal turntable.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an energy convergence output system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the energy convergence output system of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reciprocating water pump of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a third embodiment of the energy convergence output system of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of another embodiment of the combination of the ocean wave energy collecting unit and the reciprocating water pump of the present invention.
  • the present invention includes an energy collecting unit, an energy collecting output system, and a water turbine generator set; collecting energy of the unstable power source by the energy collecting unit, and converting the energy into a reciprocating linear motion;
  • the energy convergence output system converts the energy of the reciprocating linear motion into liquid energy having a specific pressure, and drives the turbine generator set to generate electricity;
  • the energy collecting unit is connected to the energy gathering output system, and the energy gathering output system and
  • the water turbine generator set is connected;
  • the energy collecting unit comprises an ocean wave energy collecting unit;
  • the wave energy collecting unit comprises a floating body 1, a steel rope 2, a pulley block, and the lower side of the floating body is connected with one end of the steel rope 2, and the steel rope passes The pulley block causes the other end of the steel rope 2 to perform a linear movement of vertical lifting;
  • the turbine generator set includes one or more water turbine generators.
  • the wave energy collecting unit comprises a floating body 1, a steel rope 2, and a pulley block (for details, see "Floating Steel Rope and Rack Flywheel Group Wave Power Generation System” of Application No. 201210337835. 7), which will be made up of floating body 1, steel rope 2 and pulley block.
  • the energy of the waves is transformed into the energy of the reciprocating linear lifting motion.
  • the lower side of the floating body 1 is connected to one end of the steel cord 2, and the steel cord 2 passes through the pulley block so that the other end of the steel rope is vertically moved up and down.
  • the other end of the steel cord 2 is connected to the upper end of the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump 4.
  • the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump 4 operates in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the energy convergence output system comprises a flow distributor 5, a high pressure pipeline, a reciprocating water pump 4, a low pressure vessel, a low pressure return pipeline, an ordered split pipeline 9; one or more of the wall surfaces of the manifold distributor 5
  • the high-pressure pipe is connected to the outlet pipe of the plurality of reciprocating water pumps 4 through the high-pressure pipe; the top of the flow distributor 5 is provided with an overflow port 7, and a low-pressure container is disposed outside the overflow port 7;
  • the water outlet of the turbine generator 28 is connected to the bottom of the low-pressure vessel; the low-pressure return pipe connected to the water inlet of the reciprocating water pump 4 is connected to the wall surface of the low-pressure vessel;
  • the water inlet of the energy harvesting unit is connected.
  • the bus distributor 5 is a bus distributor with a water tower, the water tower has a double-layer structure, the inner layer is a high-pressure water tower, the top of the high-pressure water tower is an overflow port 7, and the outer layer is overflowed from the high-pressure water tower.
  • the overflow passage of the liquid; the pressure difference formed between the water tower and the reciprocating water pump 4 is the working pressure of the high pressure pipeline in the system of the present invention; when the high pressure water flow is excessive, the high pressure water tower will overflow and return to the overflow passage through the overflow passage Low pressure container.
  • the high pressure stabilized by the structure of the embodiment and the working pressure of the high pressure pipeline are not adjustable, but the water tower can provide more reaction and operation time for the system to adjust the total power generation.
  • the bus distributor 5 is a bus distributor with a pressure relief valve and a high pressure container, and the overflow port 7 is located at the top of the bus distributor 5 below the pressure relief valve.
  • a positioning slide rail matched with the positioning valve and a limit card for limiting the position thereof are disposed outside the pressure valve.
  • the structure and working principle of the pressure relief valve are similar to the main exhaust valve of the pressure cooker. When the high pressure of the system reaches a certain value, the pressure relief valve is pushed up, the excess flow overflows from the overflow, and the pressure is released, so that the flow is converged.
  • the distributor 5 is maintained at a stable pressure value, and the pressure relief valve can be designed to adjust the weight within a certain range.
  • the working pressure of the high pressure portion of the system of the present invention can be adjusted, and then the reciprocating water pump can be adjusted.
  • the piston's work resistance is increased, and the working pressure of the whole system is increased, which helps to improve the energy conversion efficiency, and can better adapt to the changes of large waves and winds, but also improves the quality requirements of the system and reduces Sensitivity, on the contrary, reduced working pressure, can improve system sensitivity, and better adapt to small wind and small waves.
  • the high pressure generated by the structural mode of this embodiment is stable, and the working pressure of the high pressure pipe can be adjusted.
  • the energy convergence output system uses water or other liquid as a medium for transferring energy and is recycled.
  • the present invention also includes an operational control system that is provided with means for monitoring and adjusting the weight of the load 22 of each energy harvesting unit, the weight of the pressurized relief valve 26, and the total operating power of the turbine generator 28.
  • the operation control system is further provided with means for monitoring the overflow of the manifold distributor. The number and total power of the operating turbine generators 28 are determined by monitoring the overflow of the manifold distributor.
  • the confluence distributor 5 functions to concentrate high-pressure liquid in the present invention, and at the same time, neutralizes energy fluctuations of each high-pressure liquid stream, and distributes the confluent high-pressure liquid to a plurality of hydro turbine generators.
  • Number and work of turbine generator 28 The rate is set according to the design scale of the power station, so that it can be easily combined into different total powers, and can cope with extreme peak conditions.
  • the low-pressure vessel is a large semi-open container. After the high-pressure liquid is distributed to each turbine generator 28 to release energy, it is concentrated in a low-pressure vessel.
  • a filter is arranged at the bottom of the low-pressure vessel to prevent impurities from entering the low-pressure return pipeline. The circulating water is cleaned, and the low pressure vessel is connected to the water inlet of each energy collecting unit via a low pressure return pipe.
  • the energy collecting unit of the present invention is a wind energy collecting unit, and the wind energy collecting unit comprises a wind blade 11, a vertical spindle 21, a horizontal turntable 15, a cow leg 16, a drawbar, and a tower 29.
  • the horizontal turntable 15 is disposed at The top of the tower 29 is disposed coaxially with the vertical main shaft 21; the horizontal turntable 15 is driven by the vane 11 to rotate, and the bobbin 16 is shaped like a running column in an inverted industrial building, which includes a protruding portion And a vertical portion, the protruding portion is located above the outer edge of the horizontal turntable 15, and the vertical portion of the ox leg 16 is disposed in the vertically set ox leg rail 24, and the vertical portion of the ox leg 16 is vertically connected
  • the horizontal rotating plate 15 and the passive bevel gear 14 are fixedly connected and integrated in synchronization; the outer edge of the upper surface of the horizontal rotating plate 15 is symmetrically disposed with two slopes 18 having a certain width, along the horizontal
  • the two symmetrical ramps 18 are symmetrically arranged with the horizontal turntable as the center, and the length of the ramp 18 corresponds to the turn.
  • the center angle of the disk is equal to the number of circumferences of the horizontal turntable 15 which is equal to the number set by the ox leg 16.
  • the length of the ramp 18 corresponds to the degree of the central angle of the horizontal turntable is 90°; when a horizontal turntable is correspondingly provided with six cow legs 16, the length of the ramp 18
  • the degree corresponding to the central angle of the horizontal turntable is 60°.
  • the turbine generator set includes one or more water turbine generators.
  • the horizontal turntable When the blade 11 is in the form of a vertical axis, the horizontal turntable is directly driven by the blade 11 to be rotated, or driven by a reduction gear.
  • the blade 11 When the blade 11 is in the form of a horizontal axis, it further includes an active bevel gear 13 disposed coaxially with the horizontal axis, and a passive bevel gear 14 meshing with the active bevel gear 13; the horizontal turntable is driven by a passive umbrella The gear 14 is driven to rotate, and the horizontal turntable is disposed below the passive bevel gear 14 and disposed coaxially with the vertical main shaft 21.
  • a roller 19 is provided on the lower surface of the convex portion of the ox leg 16, or a roller 19 is provided on the upper surface of the ramp 18 so that the rolling contact is made between the ox leg 16 and the ramp 18 of the horizontal turntable.
  • the contact surface of the ox leg 16 and the ramp 18 is a slope having the same slope; six cow legs are evenly arranged along the periphery of the horizontal turntable 16, and the ox leg 16 can slide up and down along the horn slide 24 .
  • a vertical pull rod is connected to the lower portion of the vertical leg portion of the beef leg 16 , and a positioning roller 20 for positioning the vertical pull rod is disposed around the vertical pull rod, so that the pull rod does not shift during the up and down movement, and It is advantageous to increase the rigidity when the pull rod falls; the lower end of the pull rod is connected with the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump 4 in the energy convergence output system.
  • the number of 16 legs and the reciprocating water pump correspond to each other.
  • a return spring 31 is provided on the upper portion of the piston rod 27, and a load 22 which can be increased or decreased is connected to the lower end of the piston rod.
  • the active bevel gears 13 are two groups, and the same horizontal turntable 15 is driven to rotate.
  • the blades 11 for driving the driving gears are also correspondingly arranged.
  • the blades 11 of the front windward surface are smaller than the blades 11 of the rear windward surface.
  • the diameter of the two sets of blades 11 is opposite in direction of rotation.
  • the active bevel gears 13 can also be arranged in a group, and a corresponding set of blades and horizontal axes are also provided.
  • An organic top casing is disposed above the vertical main shaft 21 above the tower 29, and the two horizontal shafts that drive the movable bevel gear 13 are symmetrically disposed through the vertical main shaft 21 and penetrate the top casing, the top casing and the vertical main shaft 21—bearing the horizontal axis, the top casing can drive the horizontal shaft and the wind blade to rotate around the vertical main shaft 21 to change the windward direction;
  • the inner side of the lower edge of the top cover is provided with a convex rail
  • the top end of the tower 29 is provided with the convex rail
  • the matching concave rail can ensure that the top casing can rotate around the vertical main shaft 21, and can provide sufficient pedestal torque for the horizontal shaft and the blade: the inner and lower edges of the outer casing of the top casing are further provided with racks, and the whole circumference Provided to form a circular gear, meshing with a gear of a control box 23 provided at an upper end of the tower 29.
  • the control box 23 is composed of a servo motor, a reduction box and a brake system, and a plurality of towers are arranged along the inner wall of the top end of the tower.
  • a centrally symmetrical setting that controls the steering of the roof enclosure and provides a bearing stress for reverse torque to the roof enclosure.
  • the ramp 18 pushes the ox leg 16 upward, pulls the ox leg 16 and the pull rod 17 below it, and the reciprocating water pump piston works upwards and compresses the return spring 31 to pull up the load 22 to store energy;
  • the pump works in both directions. For example: When 6 cow legs 16 are arranged on the outer edge of the horizontal turntable 15, when the horizontal turntable 15 is rotated through 60 degrees, the return spring 31 and the load 22 of the former group of reciprocating water pumps 4 pull the piston to work, and the horizontal turntable 15 continue to promote the next group The ox leg 16 is up, pulling the piston of the next set of reciprocating water pumps 4 to work upward.
  • the lifting stroke of the ox leg 16 should be greater than or equal to the vertical height of the ramp.
  • the lowest point of the slope of the ox leg 16 is above the horizontal turntable 15.
  • the return spring 31 has a compression stroke equal to or greater than the maximum working stroke of the piston.
  • the wind energy collecting unit of the present invention can be provided with two or more even number of bull legs 16, each of which is a group, symmetrically arranged with the axis of the horizontal turntable 15 as the center, and simultaneously raised and lowered to balance the force of the tower 29; even cattle The legs 16 are evenly disposed on the outer edge of the horizontal turntable 15.
  • the structure of the energy convergence output system and the turbine generator set in this embodiment and the connection to the energy harvesting unit are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the wave energy collecting unit comprises a floating body 1, a steel rope 2, a pulley block, and the energy of the sea wave is converted into the energy of the reciprocating linear lifting motion by the floating body 1, the steel rope 2 and the pulley block.
  • the lower side of the floating body 1 is connected to one end of the steel cord 2, and the steel rope 2 is passed through the pulley block so that the other end of the steel rope is vertically moved up and down.
  • the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump 4 operates in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the energy convergence output system comprises a flow distributor 5, a high pressure pipeline, a reciprocating water pump 4, a low pressure vessel, a low pressure return pipeline, an ordered split pipeline 9; one or more of the wall surfaces of the manifold distributor 5
  • the high pressure pipe is connected to the outlet pipe of the plurality of reciprocating water pumps 4 through the high pressure pipe; as shown in FIG.
  • the side wall of the bus distributor 5 is provided with an overflow pipe 32, and the water outlet of the overflow pipe 32 is
  • the overflow port 7 is higher than the junction of the flow distributor 5 and the overflow pipe 32, the upper part of the flow distributor 5 stores air and the lower storage water; and the low pressure container 6 is disposed outside the overflow port 7;
  • a plurality of ordered split pipes are disposed under the flow distributor, and a turbine generator 28 is installed on each of the ordered split pipes; the water outlet of the turbine generator 28 is connected to the bottom of the low pressure vessel; a low pressure return pipe connected to the water inlet of the reciprocating water pump is connected to the wall; the low pressure container is connected to the water inlet of the reciprocating water pump of each energy collecting unit via a low pressure return pipe;
  • the other end of the steel cord 2 is connected to the upper end of the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump; the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump works in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane; the energy gathering output system uses water or other liquid as the
  • the flow distributor 5 is a flow distributor with a pressure relief valve and a high pressure container, and the pressure relief valve is disposed at the overflow port, and the positioning pressure slip is arranged outside the pressure relief valve. Rail and limit card for its limit.
  • the structure and working principle of the pressure relief valve are similar to the main exhaust valve of the pressure cooker. When the high pressure of the system reaches a certain value, the pressure relief valve is pushed up, the excess flow overflows from the overflow, and the pressure is released, so that the flow is converged.
  • the distributor 5 is maintained at a stable pressure value, and the pressure relief valve can be designed to adjust the weight within a certain range.
  • the working pressure of the high pressure portion of the system of the present invention can be adjusted, and then the reciprocating water pump can be adjusted.
  • the piston's work resistance is increased, and the working pressure of the whole system is increased, which helps to improve the energy conversion efficiency, and can better adapt to the changes of large waves and winds, but also improves the quality requirements of the system and reduces Sensitivity, on the contrary, reduced working pressure, can improve system sensitivity, and better adapt to small wind and small waves.
  • the high pressure generated by the structural mode of this embodiment is stable, and the working pressure of the high pressure pipeline can be adjusted.
  • the structure and working principle of the booster pressure relief valve can also be similar to the pressure control valve of the air compressor.
  • a compressed air inlet duct 33 may be provided in the lower portion of the high pressure vessel of the manifold distributor 5 to supplement the air or to utilize the reciprocating water pump 4 Air pumping.
  • the energy collecting unit of the present invention is an ocean wave energy collecting unit and a wind energy collecting unit. Others are the same as in the first embodiment and the second embodiment. At this time, a structure in which the wave energy collecting unit and the wind energy collecting unit are connected to the same bus distributor 5 may be adopted, or a structure in which the sea wave energy collecting unit and the wind energy collecting unit are each connected to one bus distributor 5 may be adopted.
  • the pulley block of the present invention mainly serves to guide the steel rope to change the pulling direction of the steel rope 2.
  • the fixed pulley set includes a first fixed pulley 3-1, a second fixed pulley 3-2, a third fixed pulley 3-3, and a fourth fixed pulley 3-4, and the steel rope 2
  • One end is connected to the floating body 1, and sequentially passes through the first fixed pulley 3-1, the second fixed pulley 3-2, the third fixed pulley 3-3 and the fourth fixed pulley 3-4, and the other end thereof and the reciprocating water pump 4
  • the upper end of the piston rod 27 is connected to act on the floating body
  • the force is converted into a pulling force on the steel cord 2, and the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump 4 is pulled by the steel cord 2 to move up and down linearly.
  • the first fixed pulley 3-1 is disposed under the floating body 1, and the second fixed pulley 3-2 and the third fixed pulley 3-3 are fixedly disposed in front of the tower 29 and located on the upper side of the floating body 1, the fourth fixed pulley 3- 4 is located at the upper end of the tower 29.
  • the steel cord 2 that pulls the floating body 1 extends downwardly around the first fixed pulley 3-1 and extends obliquely upward, and is guided by the second fixed pulley 3-2 and the third fixed pulley 3-3 to make the third fixed
  • the steel cord sections of the pulley 3-3 and the fourth fixed pulley 3-4 extend vertically, and then extend vertically downward around the fourth fixed pulley 3-4 and are connected to the piston rod 27 of the reciprocating water pump 4.
  • the first fixed pulley 3-1 is anchored to the sea bottom by a pulley anchoring frame 24 made of reinforced concrete
  • the fourth fixed pulley 3-4 is a controllable height fixed pulley
  • the fourth fixed pulley 3-4 is mounted on the pulley frame of the tower 29.
  • the guide wheel disposed on the pulley frame cooperates with the vertical rail set up on the upper part of the tower frame, and the lifting wheel set is connected at the top end of the pulley frame, and the lifting hoisting machine for controlling the lifting and lowering of the pulley frame by the lifting wheel set is adjusted by adjusting the height of the pulley frame.
  • the lifting of the fourth fixed pulley 3-4 is controlled to adapt the system of the present invention to changes in tidal height (see Figure 2).
  • the first fixed pulley 3-1 is fixed on the rotating bracket 38 hingedly connected to the tower 29, and the rotating bracket 38 is provided with a fixed pulley lifting control component 39 for controlling the lifting of the first fixed pulley 3-1, by adjusting the first
  • the pulley 3-1 is set to adapt the system of the present invention to changes in tidal height (see Figure 9).
  • the present invention should also be provided with a brake system on the outside of the horizontal turntable 15 to cope with the need for emergency stop or maintenance, and also for speed control during extreme winds.
  • the theoretical basis of the operating principle of the system of the present invention is:
  • the dynamic power of the unstable power source is unstable, and the essence is the irregular change of the power of the working power.
  • the working pressure of the high pressure part is maintained at a relatively stable pressure value, the power level changes.
  • timely monitoring of the change of the flow rate can adjust the value of the total power generation to match the actual power from the total power source of each energy harvesting unit, and then achieve the purpose of stable power generation. .
  • each energy collecting unit sucks liquid from the low-pressure collecting pipe into the reciprocating water pump, pressurizes it by the reciprocating water pump, feeds it into the high-pressure pipe, and converges it in the collecting distributor 5, and the energy collecting unit can be provided with a plurality of .
  • the system of the present invention mainly uses fresh water as a medium for transferring energy, and other liquids can also be used as a medium.
  • a small seawater desalination system should be additionally provided to supplement the running water volume of the system and other needs.
  • the flow distributor 5 is a water flow of a plurality of reciprocating water pumps and then sequentially distributed to a plurality of turbine generators, it can automatically adapt to the pressure difference and pressure fluctuation of the output water flow of each reciprocating water pump.
  • energy collection The more the unit, the larger the volume of the manifold distributor 5 and the high pressure conduit 8, the more stable the water pressure and the smaller the fluctuation.
  • the water flows through the low-pressure vessel 6 and is filtered and then returned to the reciprocating water pump inlet through the low-pressure return pipe 10 to form a fresh water medium for recycling, thereby ensuring the clean water and improving the reliability of the operation of the system of the present invention.
  • the high-pressure pipe 8 is a high-pressure resistant main pipe and a sub-pipe.
  • the output port of each reciprocating water pump is connected to the high-pressure main pipe through a high-pressure sub-pipe, and a check valve and a maintenance gate valve are arranged therebetween, and the high-pressure main pipe is connected to the flow distribution.
  • Device 5 A bus distributor 5 is provided correspondingly with a plurality of energy collecting units and a reciprocating water pump, and the bus distributor is disposed in a power house.
  • the confluence distributor is a transportation hub for high-pressure water flow convergence, stable regulation and orderly distribution.
  • the plane position of the energy collecting unit is usually centered on the power house and arranged along the coastline, at least two high-pressure main pipes are provided, and two energy collecting units in two different directions are connected to the confluence.
  • the distributor 5, such as the wave energy collecting unit and the wind energy collecting unit respectively corresponding to the respective flow distributors, requires at least four high-pressure main pipes, and the high-pressure main pipes can be provided with maintenance gate valves in sections.
  • the pressure relief valve 26 has a fixed weight without active adjustment, thereby fixing its pressure relief condition, and the pressure relief valve is externally provided with a slide rail 25, and the pressure relief valve 26 can slide along The rail 25 rises freely and smoothly, falling.
  • the limit card is disposed at the highest point of the rising stroke of the pressure relief valve at the top of the slide rail 25 to prevent the pressure relief valve from falling off.
  • a plurality of connecting passages are arranged under the low-pressure vessel 6 in a one-to-one correspondence with the water outlets of the turbine generators 28, and a high-pressure pipeline 8 vertically passing through is disposed in the middle, and the sinking distributor 5 is connected to the upper side.
  • Pressure valve 26 Below the front of the low-pressure vessel 6, there are at least two channels connected to the low-pressure main pipe to connect two energy-collecting units in different directions, and a filter is installed at the inlet of the low-pressure main pipe.
  • the low-pressure return pipe 10 includes a low-pressure main pipe and a low-pressure branch pipe.
  • One end of the low-pressure main pipe is connected to the low-pressure vessel 6, and the other end is extended along the energy collecting unit, and is disposed in parallel with the high-pressure main pipe, and the water of each energy collecting unit is Pass
  • the road is connected to the low pressure main pipe through the low pressure sub-pipe, and the necessary maintenance gate valve is provided between them. And check valves.
  • a plurality of turbine generators 28 should be provided in each power generation system to facilitate combination of different total powers.
  • Each turbine generator is separately connected to the flow distributor and the low pressure vessel 6, and the water inlet of the turbine generator is connected to the flow distributor 5 via a gate valve, a throttle valve, and the water outlet is connected to the low pressure vessel 6.
  • the present invention is further provided with an operation control system provided with monitoring and adjusting the weight of the load 22 of each energy collecting unit, the weight of the pressure relief valve 26, and the total operating power of the turbine generator 28.
  • the operation control system is further provided with means for monitoring the overflow of the flow distributor.
  • Increasing the weight of the booster pressure relief valve can increase the working pressure of the system, increase the power capacity of the energy convergence output system, and increase the resistance of the reciprocating water pump piston in the energy convergence output system. At this time, the piston rod 27 should be proportionally increased.
  • the weight of the load 22 helps to accommodate changes in wind or waves, but reduces the sensitivity of the system of the present invention. Conversely, reducing the weight of the pressure relief valve and reducing the weight of the pump load 22 can help improve the sensitivity of the system of the present invention and better adapt to small wind and small waves.

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Abstract

一种海浪稳定发电系统，包括能量收集单元，能量汇聚输出系统、水轮机发电机组。由所述的能量收集单元收集不稳定的动力源的能量、并转化成可往复直线运动的能量。所述的能量汇聚输出系统为将往复的直线运动的能量转化为具有特定压力的液体能量，并驱动水轮机发电机组发电。所述的能量收集单元与能量汇聚输出系统连接，所述的能量汇聚输出系统与水轮机发电机组连接。所述的能量收集单元包括海浪能收集单元。本发电系统能最大限度保护设备，提高使用寿命和可靠性，简化风力发电系统的制造技术，对风速的变化有更大的适应能力，可对能量全额接收，而且可解决传统风力发电系统电力上网的低压穿越问题。

Description

海浪稳定发电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用不稳定动力源， 如海浪能、 风能等建设大规模发电站， 并能够稳定 发电的海浪稳定发电系统。
背景技术
由于海浪能量收集的稳定性差及单机功率较小等因素， 导致人类至今无法较好地利用海 浪能量进行大规模发电。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构合理， 能有效利用海浪能量或者也能够利用风力能量大 规模建设发电站， 并能稳定发电的海浪稳定发电系统。
本发明的技术方案如下它包括能量收集单元， 能量汇聚输出系统、 水轮机发电机组； 由 所述的能量收集单元收集不稳定的动力源的能量、 并转化成可往复直线运动的能量； 所述的 能量汇聚输出系统为将往复的直线运动的能量转化为具有特定压力的液体能量， 并驱动水轮 机发电机组发电； 所述的能量收集单元与能量汇聚输出系统连接， 所述的能量汇聚输出系统 与水轮机发电机组连接； 所述的能量收集单元包括海浪能收集单元； 所述的海浪能收集单元 包括浮体、 钢绳、 滑轮组， 所述的浮体的下方连接钢绳的一端， 钢绳通过滑轮组使得钢绳的 另一端做垂直直线的运动。
本发明具有结构简单， 控制简易， 利用淡水为介质， 循环运行， 能最大限度保护设备， 提高使用寿命和可靠性， 集中多台能量收集单元的能量集中发电， 能有效提高单机组功率， 集中发电设备， 利于管理、 维护， 在海浪能收集单元的基础上， 还能与风能收集单元可共用 基础设施和空间资源， 提高效益， 提高安全性， 大容积往复式水泵的固有缺点如： 笨重、 低 速等在本发明系统中不再是缺点， 而其高效， 适合长时间运行更适应本发明系统的功能需求， 本发明还可极大简化风力发电系统的制造技术， 特别是发电形式的改变极大地简化了传统风 力发电系统的控制技术， 对风速的变化有更大的适应能力， 在风叶的结构强度可承受范围内， 可对能量全额接收， 而且由于本发明系统使用的是水轮机发电机组， 可从根本上解决传统风 力发电系统电力上网的低压穿越问题。
本发明系统在浅海区沿海岸建设， 能有效吸收海浪的能量， 形成对岸堤的保护， 能有效 降低自然灾害。 本发明系统也可以应用于大型的海上平台。
附图说明：
图 1是本发明的平面分布结构示意图。
图 2是本发明的海浪能收集单元和往复式水泵组合的结构示意图。
图 3是风能收集单元中水平轴式的双风叶的一种结构示意图。
图 4是水平转盘的俯视图。
图 5是本发明的能量汇聚输出系统的一种实施例的结构示意图。
图 6是本发明的能量汇聚输出系统的另一种实施例的结构示意图。
图 7是本发明的往复式水泵的一种结构示意图。
图 8是本发明的能量汇聚输出系统的第三种实施例的结构示意图。
图 9是本发明的海浪能收集单元和往复式水泵组合的另一种实施例的结构示意图。
标号说明： 1浮体、 2钢绳、 3滑轮、 3-1第一定滑轮、 3-2第二定滑轮、 3-3第三定滑轮、 3-4第四定滑轮、 4往复式水泵、 5汇流分配器、 6低压容器、 7溢流口、 8高压管道、 9有序 分流管道、 10低压回流管道、 11风叶、 12水平轴、 13主动伞形齿轮、 14被动伞形齿轮、 15 水平转盘、 16牛腿、 17拉杆、 18坡道、 19滚轮、 20定位滚轮、 21垂直主轴、 22负载物、 23控制箱、 24牛腿滑轨、 25滑轨、 26增压泄压阀、 27活塞杆、 28水轮机发电机、 29塔架、 30支撑平台、 31复位弹簧、 32溢流管、 33压缩空气进入管道、 38转动支架、 39定滑轮升降 控制组件。
具体实施方式
如图 1 8所示， 本发明包括能量收集单元， 能量汇聚输出系统、 水轮机发电机组； 由 所述的能量收集单元收集不稳定的动力源的能量、 并转化成可往复直线运动的能量； 所述的 能量汇聚输出系统为将往复直线运动的能量转化为具有特定压力的液体能量， 并驱动水轮机 发电机组发电； 所述的能量收集单元与能量汇聚输出系统连接， 所述的能量汇聚输出系统与 水轮机发电机组连接； 所述的能量收集单元包括海浪能收集单元； 所述的海浪能收集单元包 括浮体 1、 钢绳 2、 滑轮组， 所述的浮体的下方连接钢绳 2的一端， 钢绳通过滑轮组使得钢绳 2的另一端做垂直升降的直线运动； 所述的水轮机发电机组包括一台或多台水轮发电机。 实施例 1
所述的海浪能收集单元包括浮体 1、钢绳 2、滑轮组 (详见申请号 201210337835. 7的《浮 体钢绳与齿条飞轮组海浪发电系统》）， 由浮体 1、 钢绳 2和滑轮组将海浪的能量转化为往复 的直线升降运动的能量。 所述的浮体 1的下方连接钢绳 2的一端， 钢绳 2通过滑轮组使得钢 绳的另一端做垂直升降的运动。 所述钢绳 2的另一端连接往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27的上端。 所述的往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27工作方向为垂直于水平面方向。
所述的能量汇聚输出系统包括汇流分配器 5、 高压管道、 往复式水泵 4、 低压容器、 低压 回流管道、 有序分流管道 9; 所述的汇流分配器 5的壁面上设有一道或一道以上的高压管道， 通过高压管道与多个往复式水泵 4的出水管连接； 所述的汇流分配器 5的顶端设置有溢流口 7， 在溢流口 7外设置有低压容器； 在汇流分配器的下方设置有多条有序分流管道 9， 在所述 的每道有序分流管道 9上都安装有水轮机发电机 28; 安装在每道有序分流管道 9上的水轮机 发电机 28的发电功率可以不同也可以相同； 水轮机发电机 28的出水口连接到低压容器的底 部； 在低压容器的壁面上连接有与往复式水泵 4的进水口连通的低压回流管道； 低压容器经 低压回流管道与各能量收集单元的进水口连接。
所述的汇流分配器 5为带有水塔的汇流分配器， 所述的水塔为双层结构， 内层为高压水 塔， 高压水塔的顶端为溢流口 7， 外层是作为从高压水塔溢流的液体的溢流通道； 水塔与往 复式水泵 4之间的高度差形成的压力就是本发明系统中高压管道的工作压力； 当高压水流量 多余时将溢出高压水塔， 并经溢流通道回流至低压容器。 采用该实施例结构方式产生的高压 稳定、 其高压管道的工作压力不可调整， 但水塔可以为系统调整发电总功率提供更多的反应 和操作时间。
或者所述的汇流分配器 5为带有增压泄压阀和高压容器的汇流分配器， 此时溢流口 7位 于增压泄压阀的下方的汇流分配器 5的顶端， 在增压泄压阀外设置有与其相配合的定位滑轨 及对其起限位作用的限位卡。 增压泄压阀的结构及工作原理类似高压锅的主排气阀， 当本发 明系统高压压力达到一定值时， 推动增压泄压阀上浮， 多余流量从溢流口溢出、 泄压， 使汇 流分配器 5内维持于一个稳定压力值，增压泄压阀可设计成可在一定范围内调整重量的结构， 在一定程度上可调整本发明系统高压部分的工作压力， 继而达到调整往复式水泵 4活塞的做 功阻力大小， 整个系统工作压力的加大， 有助于提高能量的转化效率， 也能更好地适应浪大、 风大的变化， 但同时也提高了对系统的质量要求， 降低了灵敏度， 反之工作压力减小， 可提 高系统灵敏度， 更好地适应风小、 浪小的工况。 采用该实施例结构方式产生的高压稳定， 其 高压管道的工作压力可调整。
能量汇聚输出系统采用水或其它液体作为传送能量的媒介， 循环使用。
本发明还包括运行控制系统，所述的运行控制系统设有对各能量收集单元的负载物 22的 重量、 增压泄压阀 26的重量以及水轮机发电机 28运行总功率进行监控和调整的装置； 所述 的运行控制系统还设有对汇流分配器的溢流量进行监控的装置。 通过监控汇流分配器的溢流 量来决定工作的水轮机发电机 28的个数及总功率。
所述的汇流分配器 5在本发明中起到汇聚高压液体的作用， 同时又起到中和各高压液体 流的能量波动， 将汇流后的高压液体分配给多个水轮机发电机。水轮机发电机 28的数量及功 率大小根据电站设计规模需要设定， 以能方便组合成不同的总功率， 以及可以应对极端高峰 的状况。
低压容器为一大型半开放式容器，高压液体经有序分配至各水轮机发电机 28做功释放能 量后， 汇聚于低压容器中， 低压容器底部设有过滤器， 防止杂物进入低压回流管道， 保证循 环水的清洁， 低压容器经低压回流管道与各能量收集单元的进水口连接。
实施例 2:
本发明所述的能量收集单元是风能收集单元， 所述的风能收集单元包括风叶 11、 垂直主 轴 21、 水平转盘 15、 牛腿 16、 拉杆、 塔架 29， 所述的水平转盘 15设置于塔架 29的顶瑞， 且与垂直主轴 21同轴设置； 由风叶 11动力驱动水平转盘 15转动， 所述的牛腿 16的形状有 如倒置的工业厂房内的行车立柱， 它包括凸出部分和立杆， 其凸出部分位于水平转盘 15的外 沿上方， 牛腿 16的立杆部分安置于垂直设立的牛腿滑轨 24中， 所述牛腿 16的立杆部分的下 方连接有垂直拉杆， 所述的水平转盘 15与被动伞形齿轮 14固定连接成一体并同步转动； 在 水平转盘 15的上表面的外沿对称设置有两个具有一定宽度的坡道 18， 沿水平转盘旋转方向， 坡道 18的上表面为由低到高逐渐增高的斜坡面， 两个对称的坡道 18以水平转盘为中心相互 对称设置，坡道 18长度对应于转盘中心角等于水平转盘 15的圆周角被牛腿 16设置的个数等 分。 如， 当一个水平转盘 15对应设置 4个牛腿 16时， 坡道 18的长度对应水平转盘中心角的 度数为 90° ； 当一个水平转盘对应设置 6个牛腿 16时，坡道 18的长度对应水平转盘中心角 的度数为 60° 。
所述的水轮机发电机组包括一台或多台水轮发电机。
所述的风叶 11为垂直轴形式时， 由风叶 11直接驱动水平转盘转动， 或经减速齿轮驱动。 所述的风叶 11为水平轴形式时， 它还包括与水平轴同轴设置的主动伞形齿轮 13、 与主 动伞形齿轮 13啮合的被动伞形齿轮 14; 所述的水平转盘由被动伞形齿轮 14驱动转动， 所述 的水平转盘设置于被动伞形齿轮 14的下方、 与垂直主轴 21同轴设置。
在牛腿 16的凸出部分的下表面上设置有滚轮 19， 或者在坡道 18的上表面上设置有滚轮 19， 使得牛腿 16与水平转盘的坡道 18之间为滚动摩擦。
牛腿 16与坡道 18的接触面为斜率相同的斜面； 沿水平转盘外围周边均匀设置有六个牛 腿 16， 牛腿 16可沿牛腿滑轨 24上下滑动。 所述牛腿 16的立杆部分的下方连接有垂直拉杆， 在垂直拉杆的周边设置有对垂直拉杆起定位作用的定位滚轮 20， 使得拉杆在做上下升降运动 的过程中不发生偏移， 并且有利于增强拉杆下落时的刚度； 所述的拉杆的下端与能量汇聚输 出系统中的往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27连接。 牛腿 16个数与往复式水泵 4个数一一对应。
在活塞杆 27上部外套设有复位弹簧 31， 在活塞杆的下端连接有可增减的负载物 22。 所述的主动伞形齿轮 13为两组， 驱动同一水平转盘 15转动， 驱动主动齿轮转动的风叶 11也对应设置两组， 前迎风面的风叶 11直径小于后迎风面的风叶 11 的直径， 两组风叶 11 的旋转方向相反。所述的主动伞形齿轮 13也可以设置为一组， 相应的风叶及水平轴也设置一 组。在塔架 29上方的垂直主轴 21的上方设置有机顶外壳， 两根带动主动伞形齿轮 13的水平 轴通过垂直主轴 21对称设置， 并穿透机顶外壳， 所述的机顶外壳和垂直主轴 21—起承载水 平轴， 机顶外壳可带动水平轴和风叶绕垂直主轴 21旋转， 改变迎风方向； 在机顶外壳下沿的 内侧设置有凸轨， 在塔架 29顶端设置有与凸轨相配合的凹轨， 使之既能保证机顶外壳能绕垂 直主轴 21旋转， 又能为水平轴和风叶提供足够的基座力矩： 机顶外壳外围的内下沿还设有齿 条， 整周设置， 形成圆形齿轮， 与塔架 29上端设置的控制箱 23的齿轮啮合， 该控制箱 23由 伺服电机、 减速箱及制动系统组成， 沿塔架顶端圆周内壁设置多个， 以塔架中心对称设置， 用于控制机顶外壳转向， 并为机顶外壳提供反向扭矩的支座应力。
当水平转盘 15转动时， 坡道 18推动牛腿 16向上运动， 拉动牛腿 16及其下方的拉杆 17 以及往复式水泵活塞向上做功并压缩复位弹簧 31、 拉高负载物 22蓄能； 往复式水泵为双向 做功式。 例如： 当水平转盘 15外沿设置 6个牛腿 16时， 当水平转盘 15转过 60度后， 前一 组往复式水泵 4的复位弹簧 31及负载物 22向下拉动活塞做功，而水平转盘 15继续推动下组 牛腿 16向上， 拉动下一组往复式水泵 4的活塞向上做功。 牛腿 16的升降行程应大于或等于 坡道的垂直高度。所述的牛腿 16的斜面的最低点位于水平转盘 15之上。复位弹簧 31压缩行 程等于或大于活塞的最大工作行程。
本发明的风能收集单元可设置两个以上偶数个牛腿 16， 每两个为一组， 以水平转盘 15 的轴心为中心对称设置， 同时升降， 以平衡塔架 29受力； 偶数个牛腿 16在水平转盘 15外沿 均匀设置。
该实施例中的能量汇聚输出系统和水轮机发电机组的结构以及与能量收集单元的连接均 与实施例 1相同。
实施例 3 :
所述的海浪能收集单元包括浮体 1、 钢绳 2、 滑轮组， 由浮体 1、 钢绳 2和滑轮组将海浪 的能量转化为往复的直线升降运动的能量。 所述的浮体 1的下方连接钢绳 2的一端， 钢绳 2 通过滑轮组使得钢绳的另一端做垂直升降的运动。 所述钢绳 2的另一端。 所述的往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27工作方向为垂直于水平面方向。
所述的能量汇聚输出系统包括汇流分配器 5、 高压管道、 往复式水泵 4、 低压容器、 低压 回流管道、 有序分流管道 9; 所述的汇流分配器 5的壁面上设有一道或一道以上的高压管道， 通过高压管道与多个往复式水泵 4的出水管连接； 如图 8所示， 所述的汇流分配器 5的侧壁 设置有溢流管 32， 溢流管 32的出水口为溢流口 7， 溢流口 7高于汇流分配器 5与溢流管 32 的连通处， 汇流分配器 5内上部存储空气、 下部存储水； 在溢流口 7外设置有低压容器 6; 在汇流分配器的下方设置有多条有序分流管道， 在所述的每道有序分流管道上都安装有水轮 机发电机 28; 水轮机发电机 28的出水口连接到低压容器的底部； 在低压容器的壁面上连接 有与往复式水泵的进水口连通的低压回流管道； 低压容器经低压回流管道与各能量收集单元 的往复式水泵的进水口连接； 所述钢绳 2的另一端连接往复式水泵的活塞杆 27的上端； 所述 的往复式水泵的活塞杆 27工作方向为垂直于水平面方向；所述的能量汇聚输出系统采用水或 其它液体作为传送能量的媒介， 循环使用。
所述的汇流分配器 5为带有增压泄压阀和高压容器的汇流分配器， 增压泄压阀设置于溢 流口处， 在增压泄压阀外设置有与其相配合的定位滑轨及对其起限位作用的限位卡。 增压泄 压阀的结构及工作原理类似高压锅的主排气阀， 当本发明系统高压压力达到一定值时， 推动 增压泄压阀上浮， 多余流量从溢流口溢出、 泄压， 使汇流分配器 5内维持于一个稳定压力值， 增压泄压阀可设计成可在一定范围内调整重量的结构， 在一定程度上可调整本发明系统高压 部分的工作压力， 继而达到调整往复式水泵 4活塞的做功阻力大小， 整个系统工作压力的加 大， 有助于提高能量的转化效率， 也能更好地适应浪大、 风大的变化， 但同时也提高了对系 统的质量要求， 降低了灵敏度， 反之工作压力减小， 可提高系统灵敏度， 更好地适应风小、 浪小的工况。 采用该实施例结构方式产生的高压稳定， 其高压管道的工作压力可调整。 增压 泄压阀的结构及工作原理也可以采用与空气压缩机的压力控制阀相类似的方案。
为了在汇流分配器 5的高压容器所存储的空气量较少时能及时便捷地进行空气补充， 可 在汇流分配器 5的高压容器下部设置压缩空气进入管道 33以补充空气或者利用往复式水泵 4 进行空气泵入。
实施例 4:
本发明所述的能量收集单元是海浪能收集单元和风能收集单元。 其他同实施例 1和实施 例 2。 此时可以采用海浪能收集单元和风能收集单元与同一个汇流分配器 5连接的结构方式， 也可以采用海浪能收集单元和风能收集单元均各与一个汇流分配器 5连接的结构方式。
滑轮组实施例：
本发明所述的滑轮组主要起导引钢绳以改变钢绳 2拉力方向的作用。 如图 9所示， 所述 的定滑轮组包括第一定滑轮 3-1、 第二定滑轮 3-2、 第三定滑轮 3-3和第四定滑轮 3-4， 所述 的钢绳 2的一端连接浮体 1， 依序通过第一定滑轮 3-1、 第二定滑轮 3-2、 第三定滑轮 3-3和 第四定滑轮 3-4后， 其另一端与往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27的上端连接， 将海浪对浮体的作用 力转化为对钢绳 2的拉力， 通过钢绳 2拉动往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27做上下直线运动。 第一定滑轮 3-1设于浮体 1下方， 第二定滑轮 3-2和第三定滑轮 3-3固定安置于塔架 29 前方且位于浮体 1的上侧方， 第四定滑轮 3-4位于塔架 29的上端。拉住浮体 1的钢绳 2向下 延伸绕过第一定滑轮 3-1后斜向上延伸， 并在第二定滑轮 3-2和第三定滑轮 3-3导引下使位 于第三定滑轮 3-3和第四定滑轮 3-4的钢绳区段呈竖直延伸， 之后绕过第四定滑轮 3-4竖直 向下延伸并与往复式水泵 4的活塞杆 27连接。
第一定滑轮 3-1通过用钢筋砼制作的滑轮锚固架 24锚固于海底，第四定滑轮 3-4为可控 高度定滑轮， 第四定滑轮 3-4装于塔架 29的滑轮架中， 滑轮架上设置的导轮与塔架上部垂直 设立的导轨配合， 在滑轮架顶端连接有起重轮组以及通过起重轮组控制滑轮架升降的升降卷 扬机， 通过调节滑轮架的高度以控制第四定滑轮 3-4的升降， 使本发明系统适应潮水高低变 化 （参见图 2)。 或者， 第一定滑轮 3-1固定于与塔架 29铰接连接的转动支架 38上， 转动支 架 38上设有控制第一定滑轮 3-1升降的定滑轮升降控制组件 39， 通过调节第一定滑轮 3-1， 使本发明系统适应潮水高低变化 （参见图 9)。
本发明还应于水平转盘 15外侧设置刹车系统， 以应对紧急停车或维护保养的需要， 也可 以用于极端大风时转速控制。
本发明系统运行原理的理论依据是： 不稳定动力源的动力不稳定， 其实质是做功功率大 小的无规则变化， 当高压部分的工作压力保持于一个相对稳定的压力值时， 功率大小的变化 体现于介质流量的增减变化， 及时地监控流量的变化就能相应地调整发电总功率的值， 使之 与来自于各个能量收集单元的总动力源的实际功率匹配， 继而达到稳定发电的目的。
在本发明系统中， 各能量收集单元从低压汇流管道将液体吸入往复式水泵中， 经往复式 水泵加压后送入高压管道， 并汇聚于汇流分配器 5中， 能量收集单元可以设置多个。
本发明系统主要使用淡水为传递能量的媒介， 也可以使用其它液体做媒介。
由于本发明系统在工作过程中难免有少许水量泄露及蒸发， 故还应另外设置小型海水淡 化系统， 以补充系统的运行水量及其他所需。
由于汇流分配器 5是汇聚多台往复式水泵的水流后再有序分配给多台水轮机发电机， 所 以能自动适应各往复式水泵输出水流的压力差异和压力波动， 同一套系统中， 能量收集单元 越多， 汇流分配器 5及高压管道 8的容积越大， 则水压越稳定， 波动越小。 释放能量后的水 流经低压容器 6汇聚过滤后又经低压回流管道 10回流至各往复式水泵入水口，形成淡水介质 的循环使用， 保证水质洁净， 提高本发明系统运行的可靠性。
所述的高压管道 8为耐高压主管道和分管道， 每一个往复式水泵的输出口经高压分管道 与高压主管道连接， 其间设有止回阀及维修闸阀， 高压主管道连接至汇流分配器 5。 一个汇 流分配器 5， 对应设置多个能量收集单元和往复式水泵， 所述的汇流分配器设置于发电厂房 里。 所述的汇流分配器是高压水流汇聚、 稳定调节和有序分配的交通枢纽。
如图 1所示， 由于能量收集单元的平面位置通常以发电厂房为中心点， 沿海岸线布置， 故高压主管道至少设置有两条， 将两个不同方向的多个能量收集单元连接至汇流分配器 5， 如海浪能收集单元与风能收集单元分别对应各自的汇流分配器，则至少需要四条高压主管道， 高压主管道上可分段设置维修闸阀。
所述的增压泄压阀 26在不主动调整的情况下其重量固定， 因而固定了其泄压条件， 增压 泄压阀外测设有滑轨 25， 增压泄压阀 26可沿滑轨 25自由、 平稳的上升、 下落。
限位卡设置于滑轨 25顶端的增压泄压阀上升行程的最高处， 以防止增压泄压阀脱落。 所述的低压容器 6下方设置有多个连接通道与各水轮机发电机 28 的出水口一一对应连 接， 中间设有垂直穿过的高压管道 8， 下接汇流分配器 5， 上接增压泄压阀 26。 低压容器 6 前部下方设有至少两个通道连接低压主管道， 连接两个不同方向的能量收集单元， 低压主管 道入口设有过滤网。
所述的低压回流管道 10包括低压主管道和低压分管道， 低压主管道的一端与低压容器 6 连接， 另一端沿能量收集单元延伸， 与高压主管道平行设置， 每一个能量收集单元的进水通 道经低压分管道与低压主管道连接， 其间设有必要的维修闸阀。 和止回阀门。
本发明系统中， 每套发电系统中应设置多台水轮机发电机 28， 以便于组合成不同总功率 的组合。 每台水轮机发电机单独与汇流分配器和低压容器 6连接， 水轮机发电机的进水口经 闸阀、 节流阀与汇流分配器 5连接， 出水口与低压容器 6连接。
本发明还设置有运行控制系统， 所述的运行控制系统设有对各能量收集单元的负载物 22 的重量、 增压泄压阀 26的重量以及水轮机发电机 28运行总功率进行监控和调整的装置； 所 述的运行控制系统还设有对汇流分配器的溢流量进行监控的装置。 通过运行控制系统对增压 泄压阀 26的溢流量变化的监控， 决定改变水轮机发电机组的总功率， 使增压泄压阀始终保持 在有少量的高压水流溢出的状态， 则水轮机发电机组的实际发电总功率与来自于各个能量收 集单元的总动力源的实时实际功率平衡， 则发电稳定， 电力质量优良。 增加增压泄压阀的重 量可以提高系统的工作压力， 增大能量汇聚输出系统的功率容量， 加大能量汇聚输出系统中 往复式水泵活塞的阻力， 此时应成比例地增加活塞杆 27下方的负载物 22的重量， 有助于适 应风大或浪大的变化， 但是会降低本发明系统的灵敏度。 反之， 减少增压泄压阀的重量、 减 轻水泵负载物 22的重量， 有助于提高本发明系统的灵敏度， 更好的适应风小浪小的工况。

Claims

WO 2014/139457 +π ^ PCT/CN2014/073421 权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 它包括能量收集单元， 能量汇聚输出系统、 水 轮机发电机组； 由所述的能量收集单元收集不稳定的动力源的能量、 并转化成可往复直线运 动的能量； 所述的能量汇聚输出系统为将往复直线运动的能量转化为具有特定压力的液体能 量， 并驱动水轮机发电机组发电； 所述的能量收集单元与能量汇聚输出系统连接， 所述能量 汇聚输出系统与水轮机发电机组连接； 所述的能量收集单元包括海浪能收集单元；
所述的海浪能收集单元包括浮体（1 )、 钢绳 （2)、 滑轮组， 所述的浮体 （1 ) 的下方连接 钢绳 （2) 的一端， 钢绳 （2)通过滑轮组使得钢绳 （2) 的另一端做垂直升降的直线运动； 所 述的水轮机发电机组包括一台或多台水轮发电机。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的能量汇聚输出系统包 括汇流分配器、 高压管道、 往复式水泵、 低压容器、 低压回流管道， 所述的汇流分配器的壁 面上设有一道或一道以上的高压管道， 通过高压管道与多个往复式水泵的出水管连接；
所述的汇流分配器的顶端设置有溢流口， 在溢流口外设置有低压容器； 在汇流分配器的 下方设置有多条有序分流管道， 在所述的每道有序分流管道上都安装有水轮机发电机 （28); 水轮机发电机 （28) 的出水口连接到低压容器的底部； 在低压容器的壁面上连接有与往复式 水泵的进水口连通的低压回流管道； 低压容器经低压回流管道与各能量收集单元的往复式水 泵的进水口连接； 所述钢绳 （2) 的另一端连接往复式水泵的活塞杆（27) 的上端； 所述的往 复式水泵的活塞杆 （27 ) 工作方向为垂直于水平面方向； 所述的能量汇聚输出系统采用水或 其它液体作为传送能量的媒介， 循环使用；
或者， 所述的汇流分配器的侧壁设置有溢流管， 溢流管的出水口为溢流口， 溢流口高于 汇流分配器与溢流管的连通处， 汇流分配器内上部存储空气， 下部存储水； 在溢流口外设置 有低压容器； 在汇流分配器的下方设置有多条有序分流管道， 在所述的每道有序分流管道上 都安装有水轮机发电机（28); 水轮机发电机（28) 的出水口连接到低压容器的底部； 在低压 容器的壁面上连接有与往复式水泵的进水口连通的低压回流管道； 低压容器经低压回流管道 与各能量收集单元的往复式水泵的进水口连接； 所述钢绳（2)的另一端连接往复式水泵的活 塞杆 （27) 的上端； 所述的往复式水泵的活塞杆 （27) 工作方向为垂直于水平面方向； 所述 的能量汇聚输出系统采用水或其它液体作为传送能量的媒介， 循环使用。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的汇流分配器为带有水 塔的汇流分配器， 所述的水塔为双层结构， 内层为高压水塔， 高压水塔的顶端为溢流口， 外 层是作为从高压水塔溢流的液体的溢流通道； 水塔与往复式水泵之间的高度差形成的压力就 是本海浪稳定发电系统高压管道的工作压力； 当高压水流量多余时将溢出高压水塔， 并经溢 流通道回流至低压容器。
4、根据权利要求 2所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的汇流分配器为带有增 压泄压阀 （26) 和高压容器的汇流分配器， 此时溢流口位于增压泄压阀 （26) 的下方的汇流 分配器的顶端， 在增压泄压阀外设置有与其相配合的定位滑轨 （25 ) 及对其起限位作用的限 位卡；
或者， 所述的汇流分配器为带有增压泄压阀 （26) 的汇流分配器， 增压泄压阀 （26) 设 置于溢流口 （7) 处， 在增压泄压阀 （26)外设置有与其相配合的定位滑轨 （25)及对其起限 位作用的限位卡。
5、根据权利要求 2所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的能量收集单元还包括 风能收集单元， 所述的风能收集单元包括风叶（11 )、 垂直主轴、 水平转盘（15)、 牛腿（16)、 拉杆（17)、 塔架 （29)， 所述的水平转盘 （15) 设置于塔架的顶端， 且与垂直主轴同轴设置； 由风叶 （11 ) 动力驱动水平转盘 （15) 转动， 所述的牛腿 （16) 的形状有如倒置的工业厂房 内行车立柱，它包括凸出部分和立杆，其凸出部分位于水平转盘（15)的外沿上方，牛腿（16) 的立杆部分安置于垂直设立的牛腿滑轨 （24) 中， 所述牛腿 （16) 的立杆部分的下方连接有 垂直拉杆 （17)， 所述的水平转盘 （15) 与被动伞形齿轮 （14) 固定连接成一体并同步转动； 在水平转盘（15) 的上表面的外沿设置有两个的具有一定宽度的坡道（18)， 沿水平转盘（15) 旋转方向， 所述的坡道（18)的上表面为由低到高逐渐增高的斜坡面， 两个坡道（18)以水平转 盘（15)为中心相互对称设置， 坡道（18)长度对应于转盘中心角等于水平转盘（15)的圆周角被 牛腿（16)设置的个数等分。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的风叶（11)为垂直轴形 式， 由风叶（11)直接驱动或经减速齿轮驱动水平转盘（15)转动。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的风叶 （11)为水平轴 形式， 它还包括与水平轴同轴设置的主动伞形齿轮 （13)、 与主动伞形齿轮 13啮合的被动伞 形齿轮（14); 所述的水平转盘 （15) 由被动伞形齿轮（14) 驱动转动， 所述的水平转盘设置 于被动伞形齿轮 （14) 的下方与垂直主轴 （21) 同轴设置。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 在牛腿（16) 的凸出部分的下 表面上设置有滚轮 （19)， 或者在坡道 （18) 的上表面上设置有滚轮 （19); 牛腿 （16) 凸出 部分的下表面与坡道 （18) 的接触面为斜率相同的斜面； 在垂直拉杆 (17) 的周边设置有对 垂直拉杆（17)起定位作用的定位滚轮（20)， 所述的拉杆（17) 的下端与能量汇聚输出系统 中的往复式水泵的活塞杆（27) 连接； 在活塞杆 （27)上端部外套设有复位弹簧 （31)， 在活 塞杆 （27) 的下端连接有可增减的负载物 （22)。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 所述的主动伞形齿轮 （13) 为两组， 驱动同一水平转盘 （15) 转动， 驱动主动齿轮转动的风叶 （11) 也对应设置两组， 前迎风面的风叶 （11) 直径小于后迎风面风叶 （11) 的直径； 两组风叶的旋转方向相反， 在 塔架 （29) 上端的垂直主轴 （21) 的上方设置有机顶外壳， 两根带动主动伞形齿轮 （13) 的 水平轴通过垂直主轴 （21) 对称设置， 并穿透机顶外壳， 所述的机顶外壳和垂直主轴 （21) 一起承载水平轴， 机顶外壳带动水平轴风叶 （11) 绕垂直主轴 （21) 旋转， 改变风叶 （11) 迎风方向； 在机顶外壳下沿的内侧设置有凸轨， 在塔架 （29) 顶端设置有与凸轨相配合的凹 轨； 机顶外壳外围的内下沿还设有齿条， 整周设置， 形成内圆形齿轮， 与塔架 （29) 上端设 置的控制箱 （23) 的齿轮啮合， 该控制箱 （23) 由伺服电机、 减速箱及制动系统组成， 沿塔 架顶端圆周内壁设置多个， 以塔架 （29) 中心对称设置， 用于控制机顶外壳转向。
1 0、 根据权利要求 1 -9所述的海浪稳定发电系统， 其特征在于： 它还包括运行控制系 统， 所述的运行控制系统设有对各能量收集单元的负载物 （22) 的重量、 增压泄压阀 （26) 的重量以及水轮机发电机 （28) 运行总功率进行监控和调整的装置； 所述的运行控制系统还 设有对汇流分配器的溢流量进行监控的装置。
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