WO2014135530A1

WO2014135530A1 - Temperature-controlled deflecting means

Info

Publication number: WO2014135530A1
Application number: PCT/EP2014/054165
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rainer FECHTE-HEINEN; Lothar Patberg; Hans-Erich Giese; Stephan Selle; Joseph Georg KEVENHÖRSTER
Original assignee: Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag
Priority date: 2013-03-08
Filing date: 2014-03-04
Publication date: 2014-09-12
Also published as: DE102013102353A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid (2), comprising an inlet (3) and at least one deflecting means (4), which is at least partially composed of a material having shape memory characteristics. The invention further relates to advantageous uses of the device. The aim of providing a device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid that ensures deflection of a fluid that optimally uses the shape memory characteristics of a material in a simple manner is achieved in that restoring means (5) are provided for restoring the deflecting means.

Description

Temperature-controlled deflection

The invention relates to a device for

Temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid having an inlet and at least one deflection means, which consists at least partially of a material with shape memory properties. Moreover, the invention relates to advantageous uses of the device.

Devices for diverting a fluid comprising a deflection means, which consists at least partially of a material with shape memory properties, are already known from the prior art. In the European

Patent application EP 2 039 902 A2 is used for example for controlling the coolant in a cooling circuit of a

Motor vehicle proposed, a shape memory alloy

(FGL). The said European patent application discloses a conduit system with a

Opening cross section, which is opened or closed by a member of a shape memory alloy. From the Japanese patent application JP 55119519 A is a

Air damper of an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle is known, which consists of a material with shape memory properties, which deflects the air flow temperature-dependent in one of two air outlets. As a material system, a ternary copper-zinc-aluminum alloy is mentioned in the said Japanese patent application, which is to be used here. The previously known devices for

Temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid are, as is apparent from the above, in temperature ranges - - provided which room temperature up to a maximum of 130 ° C. In addition, it has so far appeared necessary to

Provision of the deflection to use the so-called two-way shape memory effect. However, this is technically only because of the necessary pretreatment of the products

consuming to achieve and does not have the desired

Process stability and number of cycles.

On this basis, the present invention is the

The object of the invention is to provide a device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid, which in a simple manner ensures a diversion of a fluid which optimally utilizes the shape memory properties of a material.

In addition, an object of the present invention

to propose preferred uses of the device.

According to a first teaching of the present invention, the stated object is achieved in that restoring means are provided for returning the deflecting means. Under

Restoring means are understood to mean a force against the shape memory properties of the

Apply deflection occurring deformation, so that the deflection when the fading or disappearance of the

Shape memory effect, causes a provision of the deflection. Preferably, the deflection is in the

Starting position returned before forming by the return means. This makes it possible that the technically relatively complex to be achieved two-way shape memory effect does not necessarily have to be used for the realization of a device for temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid, but rather the one-way shape memory effect, which by the exercise of force - -

Return means on the deflection again and again

is initialized. Fluids are usually gases and liquids to understand, but can be redirected with the device according to the invention also flowable solids.

The return means can be realized, for example, mechanically, pneumatically, hydraulically, magnetically or servoelectrically and support a return of the deflection means to its starting position in which they exert a force on the deflection means in the direction of the starting position of the deflection means. As mechanical return means can serve, for example, elastic springs, which on the

Deflection means for deflecting the deflection

apply proportional force to this. These are particularly simple and can also be used in high temperature ranges

be used. Elaborate but also for

High-temperature applications are also suitable servo-electric, pneumatic, magnetic or

hydraulic return means that are precisely controllable.

Furthermore, the deflecting means may additionally be connected to a heating element in order to be able to actively control the deflection of the deflecting means if necessary from outside. The influence of the outside can be advantageous if in the outlet a

Leakage is detected and the activation temperature can not be achieved immediately due to the process.

A further, advantageous embodiment of the device can be provided in that the deflection means consists at least partially of a shape memory alloy and the shape memory alloy has a transformation temperature - -

(Activation temperature or switching temperature) of more than 175 ° C. In particular, high-temperature applications, for example for the diversion of exhaust gases in a turbocharger or other industrial processes, can by these

Embodiment be redirected temperature controlled.

In particular, at the high temperatures above 175 ° C, it is very often difficult to place deflecting means controlled by sensors in the fluid flow, so that via the said embodiment of the device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid, a particularly simple embodiment of the diversion of a fluid

Temperatures above 175 ° C is possible.

For the realization of deflection means, which

According to another embodiment, the shape memory alloy is a Fe alloy, Fe-Mn alloy, Fe-Mn-Si alloy, Fe-Mn-Si-Cr alloy or a Fe-Mn-Si. Cr-Ni alloy. The alloy systems mentioned are distinguished by the fact that the transformation temperatures or activation temperatures which lead to a change in shape are above 175 ° C. As a result, in particular for hot exhaust gases,

for example, by motor vehicles or by

Industrial processes a simple and process-safe

Device for deflecting the fluids are provided.

When the shape memory alloy is Fe alloy, Fe-Mn alloy, Fe-Mn-Si alloy, Fe-Mn-Si-Cr alloy or Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni alloy

Redirecting be provided inexpensively, which at high temperatures above 175 ° C due to the

Shape memory properties for redirecting or - - Temperature-controlled redirecting a fluid can be provided. Therefore, the said iron systems are particularly suitable for mass production. Due to the relatively good heat conduction of the iron alloys, these react reliably to one in very short response times

Temperature change of the guided fluid. Due to the adjustable over the alloy system tensile strengths of more than 200 MPa to about 1100 MPa, in particular 250 MPa to about 600 MPa there is also the possibility of correspondingly simple to perform the return means, since not so large forces are required to return the deflection.

Another embodiment of the device for

temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid has a shape memory alloy, which in addition to iron and

unavoidable impurities the following

Alloy elements in wt .-% contains:

Mn <45 o

0,

Si <20Q.

Cr <20 σ.

Ni <20%

Mo <20%

Cu <20%

Co <20%

AI <10%

Mg <10%

V <2

Ti <2%

Nb <2% - -

W <2%,

C <1%,

N <1%,

P <0.3%,

Zr <0.3%,

B <0.01%.

An appropriate alloying system can be tailored to the specific strength properties by selecting the

different alloying components can be tuned very well. For example, the strength increases significantly with the addition of carbon, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, niobium or vanadium. Addition of manganese, carbon, chromium or nickel stabilizes the austenite phase, which can be used to increase the activation temperature. A

Combination of at least one element from the group of vanadium, titanium, niobium, tungsten on the one hand and at least one element from the group carbon, nitrogen, boron on the other hand leads to the formation of precipitates in the structure and thus to simplify or omit the

thermomechanical material treatment.

A pseudoplastic or pseudoeleastic

Shape memory alloy can according to another

Embodiment of the device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid be provided by the fact that the shape memory alloy in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities contains the following alloying elements in wt .-%:

25% <Mn <32%, - -

3% <Si <8%,

3% <Cr <6%,

Ni <3%,

C <0.07%, preferably 0.01% <C <0.07%, and / or

N <0.07%, preferably 0.01% <N <0.07%,

0, 1% <Ti <1, 5% or

0.1% <Nb <1.5% or 0.1% <W <1.5% or

0.1% <V <1.5%.

Preferably, at least two outlets are provided in the device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid, wherein the at least one deflection means can deflect the fluid into one of the at least two outlets. The way

provided fluid switch, also called gas switch according to the execution of the crossover, can redirect the fluid with high reproduction rate and extremely low maintenance in each case one of the two outlets. Preferably, mechanical, pneumatic, magnetic, electrical, servo-electric and / or hydraulic

Return means for returning the deflection

provided so that the so-called one-way effect of a

Shape memory alloy can be used by the deformation below the activation temperature by the return means. This effect can be repeated up to 10 ⁷ times and more often. Mechanical return means are designed particularly simple and require the least effort. In addition, they can be made particularly temperature-stable. Pneumatic, magnetic, electrical, - - servo-electric and / or hydraulic return means allow direct control (eg via compressed air). It has also been found that it is advantageous according to a further embodiment that

To arrange deflection in the fluid flow such that the

Fluid flow supports the deflection and / or the provision of the deflection. For example, the

Deflection process are supported by the fact that the fluid flow in accordance with a kind of valve when flowing the deflected deflecting a movement of the deflection in

Closing direction causes. This can be achieved, for example, in that the deflecting movement of the deflection means takes place at least partially in the flow direction of the fluid. For example, the deflection means a flat tongue consisting of a shape memory alloy and

Have closing means. The one from

Shape memory alloy existing tongue deforms according to the set shape memory properties of the shape memory alloy from an activation temperature, so that the closing means change their position.

Preferably, however, closing means and tongue of the

Deflection means in one piece and thus also from a

Shape memory alloy produced. This embodiment is particularly simple and ensures a deflection of the fluid flow.

The above object is also achieved by a use of the device according to the invention for deflecting a fluid, which at least temporarily assumes temperatures above 175 ° C, wherein a deflection by the deflection above one through the alloy conception

fixed activation or switching temperature of

at least 175 ° C takes place. Corresponding mixing means may be provided, for example, by the use of an iron-based shape memory alloy.

Due to the high activation temperature of the deflection means, the device is preferably used for the control of fluids in valves for turbines and engines or for the diversion of exhaust gases from engines, turbines or industrial processes. As already stated above, the

Deflection means an extremely high robustness, since the usable one-way effect is carried out almost wear-free. In particular, for the deflection of fluids in turbochargers or exhaust systems of motor vehicles, the use of the device according to the invention is advantageous, since in particular very high temperatures above 175 ° C occur. The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment in conjunction with the drawings. The drawing shows in

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a

Embodiment of a device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid,

2 and 3 are schematic plan views of a

Embodiment of a deflection.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a

Device 1 for the temperature-controlled diversion of a - -

Fluids 2, whose flow direction is shown by arrows. The fluid 2 flows into the inlet of the device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid 2 and is deflected by the deflection means 4 into that shown in FIG

Outlet 6 diverts. The deflection means 4 consists at least partially of a material with shape memory properties which are temperature-induced, i. upon reaching one

Activation temperature, cause a change in shape of the deflection 4. In the state shown in Fig. 1, the deflection was due to the exceeding of the

Activation temperature deflected so that the outlet 7 is closed. The return means shown schematically by a double arrow ensure that the

deflected due to the shape memory properties

Deflection means 4 when the temperature drops below the

Activation temperature of the shape memory effect and depending on the return means, in particular by supporting the

Fluid stream itself, in the position shown in dashed lines is at least partially or completely reset and thereby deformed.

In this state, the deflection means 4 directs the fluid 2 in the outlet 7. After each deformation of the deflection means 4 is a re-deformation due to the

Disposable shape memory effect enabled. In a subsequent increase in temperature above the activation temperature, for example, to more than 200 ° C in an Fe-based shape memory alloys, due to the one-way shape memory effect deflecting means 4 deformed by the return means is again deflected against the return means 5. The one-way shape memory effect can be a very high number of repetitions of the deflections of the deflection 4 - - Provide, since this is almost wear-free caused by a crystal structure change.

The return means 5, here only with a double arrow

can be represented both by mechanical return means, for example an elastic spring, but also by other mechanical means, magnetic, electrical, servo-electric, pneumatic and / or hydraulic

Return means are provided. An elastic spring has the advantage that this is particularly simple and in addition to a high number of deflections also very

temperature stable can be performed. Magnetic, electrical, servo-electric, pneumatic and / or

Hydraulic return means, however, are precisely controlled and allow a quick reaction of the ümlenkmittels. 4

An embodiment of a deflection 4 is shown in Fig. 2 and a further embodiment in Fig. 3 in a plan view. The embodiment of FIG. 2 is made in one piece and consists entirely of a shape memory alloy. In Fig. 3, the tongue 8 is made of a shape memory alloy, the closing means 9, however, for example, suitable for the application temperatures steel without shape memory properties.

In question come as shape memory alloys, in particular the group of Fe-based shape memory alloys, since they can be used even at high temperatures above 175 ° C and beyond are made available at low cost compared to the other shape memory alloys. However, the shape memory effect is in - - Usually relatively small in relation to, for example, NiTi systems.

In principle, however, it is also possible for the deflecting means to have the most varied shape memory properties

having materials such as

Shape memory polymers, electroactive polymers,

Polymer metal composite foams, conductive polymers,

dilektrischen elastomers, piezolektrischen materials, NiTi alloys or copper based alloys etc.

to provide.

The tongue 8 of the deflection means 4 is pretreated such that it changes, for example, above the activation temperature to a deflection of the deflection means from a flat shape into a bent shape, as shown in FIG. It is sufficient that the deflection means 4 with a shape memory properties having tongue. 8

equipped, which is attached to the closing means 9, Fig. 3.

In contrast, in Fig. 2, the one-piece variant is shown, wherein the tongue 8 and the closing means 9 consist of an identical material with shape memory property. In both figures fastener 10 for

Return means shown schematically. The

Fastener 10 for return means may for example consist of a fastened on the closing means 9 tab, in which a mechanical spring is hooked.

The illustrated in Fig. 1 embodiment of a

Device for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid For example, in spite of the high temperatures, it can be used to divert exhaust gases, for example in a turbocharger or another industrial process.

Claims

claims

Device (1) for the temperature-controlled diversion of a fluid (2) comprising an inlet (3) and at least one deflecting means (4) which consists at least partially of a material with shape memory properties, characterized in that, restoring means (5) for returning the deflecting means (4 ) are provided.

Device according to claim 1,

d a d u r c h g e k e n e, the deflection means (5) is at least partially composed of a

Shape memory alloy exists and the

Shape memory alloy has a transformation temperature of more than 175 ° C.

Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,

The shape memory alloy is an Fe alloy, Fe-Mn alloy, Fe-Mn-Si alloy, an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr alloy, or an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni alloy, for example.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 3

characterized,

the shape memory alloy alongside iron and

unavoidable impurities the following

Alloy elements in wt .-% contains:

<Mn <45

<Si <20 Cr <20

Ni <20%

Mo <20%

Cu <20%

Co <20%

AI <10%

Mg <10%

V <2%,

Ti <2%

Nb <2%

W <2%,

C <1%,

N <1%,

P <0.3

Zr <0.3

B <0.01

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4,

The shape memory alloy is in addition to iron and

unavoidable impurities the following

Alloying elements in weight · o.

"~ o contains:

25% <Mn <32%,

3% <Si <8%,

3% <Cr <6%,

Ni <3%,

C <0, 07%, preferably 0, 01 Q.

"o <C <0.07%,

N <0.07%, preferably 0.01 O,

Ό <N <0.07%, 0, 1% <Ti <1, 5% or

0.1% <Nb <1.5% or 0.1% <W <1.5% or

0.1% <V <1.5%.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,

At least two outlets (6, 7) are provided and the at least one deflecting means (4) can divert the fluid (2) into one of the at least two outlets (6, 7).

Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,

There are mechanical, magnetic, electrical, servo-electric, pneumatic and / or hydraulic return means (5) for resetting the deflecting means are provided d a d u r c h g e k e n e.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 7,

The deflection means (4) is arranged in the fluid flow in such a way that the fluid flow assists the deflection and / or return of the deflection means (4).

Device according to one of claims 1 to 8,

That is, the deflection means (4) has a flat tongue (8) consisting of a shape memory alloy and closing means (9).

Device according to one of claims 1 to 8,

d a d u r c h e k e n e, the locking means (9) and the tongue (8) of the

Deflection means (4) are integral. Device according to one of claims 9 or 10,

d a d u r c h e k e n c i n e, the closing means or tongue (9, 8) is one

Have fastening device for return means.

Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 11 for deflecting a fluid which at least temporarily assumes temperatures above 175 ° C, wherein a deflection by the deflection means in a

Temperature above 175 ° C takes place.

Use according to claim 11,

The device is used to control fluid in valves for turbines and engines or to divert exhaust gases from engines, turbines or industrial processes

14. Use according to claim 11,

The device is used in turbochargers or exhaust systems of motor vehicles.