WO2014127837A1 - Concept de réseau d'amenée - Google Patents

Concept de réseau d'amenée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014127837A1
WO2014127837A1 PCT/EP2013/053666 EP2013053666W WO2014127837A1 WO 2014127837 A1 WO2014127837 A1 WO 2014127837A1 EP 2013053666 W EP2013053666 W EP 2013053666W WO 2014127837 A1 WO2014127837 A1 WO 2014127837A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
transport
millimeter wave
network device
wave signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/053666
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Juha Teuvo Tapani Salmelin
Jyri Antero PUTKONEN
Pekka Juhani WAINIO
Original Assignee
Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Solutions And Networks Oy
Priority to PCT/EP2013/053666 priority Critical patent/WO2014127837A1/fr
Publication of WO2014127837A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014127837A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communication technology.
  • the present invention relates to a backhaul networking concept .
  • LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • 4G fourth generation cellular networks
  • LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • 4G fourth generation cellular networks
  • further features are implemented in order to serve different kind of networks, for example by introducing a set of features for mobile communications, including support for heterogeneous networks and small cell deployments.
  • LTE-A LTE Advanced
  • 4G fourth generation cellular networks
  • the coverage area of a macro cell base station may be complemented with smaller coverage base stations, i.e. small cells, to better target high data rate demand hot spot areas such as city centers by offloading some of the macro data traffic to these small cells .
  • the concept of small cells itself introduces a set of challenges.
  • One issue under development is the backhaul network, i.e. how to efficiently transport traffic between a small cell access and a core network. Every small cell base station may need to have a high capacity last hop backhaul connection, thus the sheer amount of backhaul connections may increase heavily.
  • factors that have not traditionally affected transport equipment may have larqer impact. These factors may include, amonq other thinqs, increased blockinq chance (e.g. tall vehicles and trees) and increased pole sway (lamp posts vs. broadcast masts) . Even so, it would be desirable that the small cell backhaul is still be able to fulfill the LTE- Advanced requirements with decent Quality of Service, availability, capacity etc., yet the installation and operational costs should be as low as possible.
  • the present invention aims at providinq a smart and flexible transport solution for small cells.
  • a network device which can be used in a transport network that comprises a plurality of node devices at least partially meshed with each other and transports traffic between sites of an access network of a communications network system and a core network of the communications network system.
  • the network device comprises an antenna unit capable of
  • transmittinq and/or receivinq millimeter wave siqnals and a control unit for steering beams of the antenna unit to at least one of a plurality of directions to connect the network device with at least one node device of the transport network .
  • a method which can be used by a network device of a transport network that comprises a plurality of node devices at least partially meshed with each other and transports traffic between sites of an access network of a communications network system and a core network of the communications network system.
  • the network device comprises an antenna unit capable of transmitting and/or receiving millimeter wave signals.
  • the method comprises steering beams of the antenna unit to at least one of a plurality of directions to connect the network device with at least one other node device of the transport network, and transmitting and/or receiving
  • millimeter wave signals by the antenna unit in the beams including traffic from sites of the access network.
  • a mobile backhaul networking concept is provided with inherent self-healing, self-optimization and self-configuration capabilities based on mesh topology utilizing millimeter wave radio links especially targeted for LTE and LTE-Advanced small cells deployments.
  • self-configuring may be understood as an autonomous build up of network topology and communication links between devices to start up basic network/device operation without manual intervention e.g. from operation center .
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram illustrating a transport network according to an embodiment of the backhaul networking concept of the invention, and a structure of a network device of the transport network according to an embodiment of the
  • Fig. 2 shows a flowchart illustrating a networking process according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a control unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a diagram illustrating nodes of a transport network according to an embodiment of the backhaul networking concept of the invention .
  • Fig. 5 shows a diagram illustrating configurations of antenna units .
  • Fig. 6 shows a diagram illustrating a transport network according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a diagram illustrating a wireless mesh network (WMN) as an example of a transport network according to the backhaul networking concept of the invention.
  • WSN wireless mesh network
  • the present invention provides a backhaul networking concept that is based on a mesh topology utilizing millimeter wave radio links .
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram illustrating a transport network according to an embodiment of the backhaul networking concept of the invention, and a structure of a network device 10 of the transport network according to an embodiment of the invention .
  • the network device 10 is connected to network devices 11-13 (which are also referred to as node devices), and the network devices 10-13 build up the transport network.
  • the transport network with the at least partially meshed network devices 10-13 may transport traffic between sites of an access network of a communications network system and a core network of the communications network system.
  • the network device 10 comprises an antenna unit 101 and a control unit 102.
  • the network devices 11-13 may have a similar configuration as the network device 10.
  • the antenna unit 101 of network device 10 is capable of transmitting/receiving millimeter wave signals, and the control unit 102 steers beams of the antenna unit to at least one of a plurality of directions to connect the network device 10 with the other network devices 11-13.
  • the network device 10 is arranged at a site of a base station of a small cell of a cellular network. According to another embodiment, the network device 10 is arranged at a site of a fixed broadband equipment. The network device 10 may be integrated with the base station/the fixed broadband equipment. In Fig. 1 the site of the base station/fixed broadband equipment is shown as an access network unit 31.
  • the network device 10 may comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown) which converts traffic from the access network unit 31 into packets of the transport network, and may further comprise a conversion unit (not shown)
  • the modulation unit (not shown) which modulates the packets into millimeter wave signals.
  • Millimeter wave signals may be understood as signals which have frequencies in the range of 30GHz to 300GHz.
  • the conversion unit may also convert packets of the transport network into traffic of the access network, traffic of the core network, or another communication or transport network.
  • the modulation unit may also demodulate millimeter wave signals into packets of the transport network.
  • the conversion unit and the modulation unit may be part of the control unit 102.
  • the antenna unit 101 may transmit the millimeter wave signals via the beam(s) steered by the control unit 102.
  • the antenna unit 101 may also receive and forward millimeter wave signals transporting packets of the transport network, wherein the packets may comprise traffic from the access network .
  • the antenna unit 101 may comprise a plurality of sectors and the control unit 102 steers the beams to the at least one direction using at least one of the sectors. This concept will be described in more detail by referring to Figs. 4 to 7.
  • the control unit 102 connects the network device 10 with the other network devices 11-13 of the transport network using a directional point-to-point millimeter wave signals radio link. This concept will be described in more detail by referring to Figs. 4 to 7. Moreover, in Fig. 1, the control unit 102 may connect the network device 10 to the other network devices 11-13 based on a partial mesh topology of the transport network, which will be described by referring to Figs. 4 to 7. In case the network device 10 is a gateway node of the transport network, it may further comprise a gateway unit (not shown) which may provide a connection towards the core network of the communications network system and/or another transport network. The gateway unit may be part of the control unit 102.
  • Fig. 2 shows a flowchart illustrating a networking process according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the process may be executed by a network device of a transport network comprising a plurality of network devices at least partially meshed with each other, e.g. the network devices 10-13 of the transport network depicted in Fig. 1.
  • the network device 10, 11, 12, 13 comprises an antenna unit capable of
  • step S21 beams of the antenna unit are steered to at least one of a plurality of directions to connect the network device with at least one other network device of the network devices of the transport network.
  • step S22 millimeter wave signals are transmitted/received by the antenna unit in the beams, the millimeter wave signals including traffic from sites of a client system, e.g. the access network unit 31 shown in Fig. 1.
  • step S23 beams are steered and continuously adjusted to keep the connections, if the position of the network devices is changing slightly e.g. because of pole swaying in the wind or other movement.
  • the route selection for the incoming traffic is done dynamically and autonomously based on the current network load situation as needed e.g. to enable self-healing and load balancing and route protection. All traffic handling operation can be, but does not have to be, QoS (Quality Of Service) aware meaning that the service class priority of the traffic affects to handling given to the traffic. Thus higher priority traffic gets preference over the lower priority traffic.
  • QoS Quality Of Service
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of the control unit 102 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the control unit 102 comprises processing resources 111, memory resources 112 and interfaces 113 which are connected via a link 114.
  • the interfaces 113 include transceivers which may be coupled to the antenna unit for bidirectional wireless communications over one or more wireless links with the other network devices 11-13.
  • connection or coupling may be understood as any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements, and may encompass the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” together.
  • the coupling or connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof.
  • two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” together by the use of one or more wires, cables and printed electrical connections, as well as by the use of
  • electromagnetic energy such as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio freguency region, the microwave region and the optical (both visible and invisible) region, as non-limiting examples.
  • the memory resources 112 may store a program which is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the processing resources 111, enable the network device to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention.
  • Inherent in the processing resources 111 is a clock to enable synchronism among the various apparatus for transmissions and receptions within the appropriate time intervals and slots reguired, as the scheduling grants and the granted resources/subframes are time dependent.
  • the transceivers include both transmitter and receiver, and inherent in each is a modulator/demodulator commonly known as a modem.
  • the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be implemented by computer software stored in the memory resources 112 and executable by the processing resources 111, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and/or firmware and hardware in any or all of the devices shown.
  • the memory resources 112 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
  • the processing resources 111 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • Fig. 4 shows a diagram illustrating nodes 40 and 41 of a transport network according to an embodiment of the backhaul networking concept of the invention.
  • the network devices 40 and 41 may be attached to/integrated with BTSs 50, 51 of a client system comprising network 30.
  • the nodes 40 and 41 may have the same configuration as the network device 10/11 described above.
  • the nodes 40, 41 connect the base stations 50, 51 with mmW and above technologies, e.g. freguencies in the range of 60GHz to 90GHz.
  • the nodes 40, 41 have an antenna unit (e.g. the antenna unit 101) .
  • the antenna beam shall be narrow.
  • Narrow antenna beam reguires stable ends and accurate alignment that takes a lot of working time if done manually.
  • the RF beam from the antenna is electrically steered e.g. to eliminate a mast vibration effect and to enable automatic alignment.
  • the smaller wavelengths of the millimeter wave allow for the fabrication of antenna arrays of high directivity and narrow beam width in a much smaller area than is typical at
  • the antenna unit in mmW (millimeter Wave) and above
  • freguencies provides for a small form factor. Further, especially for small cells of the client system, short hops between nodes of the transport network are provided.
  • Fig. 5 an antenna unit 55 with one sector is shown.
  • the antenna unit 56 has multiple antenna sectors.
  • the antenna sectors enable beams to be steered to a plurality of
  • one antenna sector can not cover an angle wide enough then multiple sectors can be combined to enable 360 degree or even spherical steering, so different radios/nodes can be connected within a broad range.
  • a connection can be provided by searching RF beams automatically.
  • nodes 60-63 comprising antenna units with one or multiple sectors build up a transport network according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the nodes 60-63 may have a similar configuration as the network device 10 described above.
  • a group of BTSs can be connected with antennas shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 shows a wireless mesh network (WMN) as an example transport network according to the backhaul networking concept of the invention.
  • WN wireless mesh network
  • the WMN comprises of a set of wireless mesh backhaul nodes (WMN nodes) (e.g. in the range from 20 to 200) partially meshed with each other.
  • the WMN nodes are connected to each other with directional point-to-point millimeter wave radio links .
  • Other types of communications media can also be used, such as optical fiber.
  • the WMN nodes offer a transport service e.g. Layer2 or Layer3 service, for client systems, e.g. macro cell base stations, small cell base stations, pico cell base stations or fixed broadband eguipment.
  • the WMN is connected to external transport networks (e.g. another WMN or a core/aggregation network) through special gateway elements, and all traffic coming in and out of the WMN network will traverse through these gateways.
  • the WMN gateway elements typically are co- located with or integrated into macro cell base stations whereas normal WMN nodes are co-located and/or integrated to small cell base stations.
  • the WMN employs a comprehensive and automated resiliency scheme that aims to reduce the overall impact of link and equipment failures on the backhaul network caused for example by rain outages or other line-of-sight blockages.
  • the WMN system offers a wide array of self-optimization features, for example a flexible Quality of Service scheme, congestion control and management mechanisms as well as extensive load balancing and traffic management features. These mechanisms allow a highly flexible dynamic on-the-fly control and steering of the traffic flows inside the mesh network thus enabling automated QoS aware optimization of the traffic at any given time so that the entire transport capacity of the mesh network can be optimally utilized.
  • the WMN system offers a set of self-configuration mechanisms, automating everything spanning from smart adjustment of the point-to-point wireless links to complete network startup making network deployment fully autonomous . Also features making it possible to enhance the network with new connections or new nodes during network operation without disturbing the ongoing live traffic is provided.
  • the WMN system offers a transparent and format independent transport service with WMN specific packet framing, allowing a wide range of format for incoming traffic from the client systems.
  • the backhaul elements are connected to each other mainly with directional pencil beam point-to-point millimeter wave radio links which can be electronically steered to point to a number of different directions .
  • the communication on the directional wireless links can be implemented with either a FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) or TDD (Time Division Duplexing) scheme.
  • the wireless communication links in the WMN system may be implemented by utilizing the concept of shared resources. In shared resource concept, a WMN node can communicate with a certain number of neighbors at a given time e.g. only one neighbor at a time.
  • the shared resource can be, for example, the wireless transceiver or antenna.
  • the shared resource can be, for example, the wireless transceiver or antenna.
  • the eguipment cost, flexibility and deployment problems of a typical meshed network can be largely avoided as the node can find new neighboring nodes without manual operative actions.
  • the networking and connectivity operations in the WMN system are based on centralized pre-computation of routing and forwarding information. More specifically, a central entity (i.e. a master WMN gateway node) knows the backhaul network topology in the form of node IDs and the neighbor relations between the WMN nodes. Based on this information, the central entity pre-calculates a set of alternative end-to-end paths between all the nodes in the given network topology. The determination of possible route options may be based for example on calculating disjoint spanning trees. During the pre-calculation the end-to-end paths are organized in preference order based on several path cost criteria like latency and number of links in the path. Optionally, the calculation step can include traffic engineering parameters such as traffic estimates for certain set of links, link preferences, link capacity lists and path delay constraints.
  • traffic engineering parameters such as traffic estimates for certain set of links, link preferences, link capacity lists and path delay constraints.
  • the routing information calculated by the central entity is distributed to all the nodes in the network.
  • the actual forwarding of data packets in each node is then done locally based on the pre-calculated routing information priorities, resulting in a connection-oriented end-to-end communication through virtual circuits formed by the underlying spanning tree infrastructure between every plain node and a gateway in the WMN system. Virtual circuits between non-gateway nodes are also supported.
  • the mapping between incoming client data and a virtual connection can be based for example VLA ID (Virtual Local Area Network Identifier) and PCP (Priority Code Point) on an 802. HQ header.
  • the forwarding tables are formed locally by each node in the system based on the received routing and network status information.
  • the best available pre-calculated route is selected locally based on network status information using special decision criteria.
  • the decision rules may include criteria related to traffic Quality Of Service priorities, communication link failure status (e.g. broken, degraded, failing etc), link congestion status, available transport capacity, reguired transport capacity, load balancing rules and other status
  • the network status information is distributed in the network from the node where the incident was detected to all other nodes using a special notification transfer protocol. All nodes update their local forwarding tables accordingly .
  • the transport network can auto-configure itself in those base stations in which the integrated network devices/nodes/WMN nodes are installed. Beams from the antenna units will start to search others and when others are found connections are done. In case of a broken connection or obstacles in a route, a new connection is used instead automatically.
  • a transport network comprises a plurality of network devices at least partially meshed with each other, and transports traffic between sites of an access network of a communications network system and a core network of the communications network system.
  • a network device of the plurality of network devices which may include or use the control unit 102 shown in Fig. 3, comprises an antenna unit for transmitting/receiving millimeter wave signals, and means for steering beams of the antenna unit to at least one of a plurality of directions to connect the network device with at least one other network device of the network devices of the transport network.
  • the network device may be arranged at a site of a base station of a cellular network and/or a fixed broadband eguipment .
  • the network device may be integrated with the base station and/or the fixed broadband eguipment.
  • the network device may further comprise means for converting traffic from the access network into packets of the transport network and/or packets from the transport network into traffic of at least one of the access network, the core network, a further communication network and a further transport network, and means for modulating the packets into millimeter wave signals and/or demodulating the millimeter wave into packets, wherein the antenna unit transmits the millimeter wave signals.
  • the antenna unit may receive and forward millimeter wave signals transporting packets of the transport network, wherein the packets comprise traffic from the access network.
  • the antenna unit may comprises one or a plurality of sectors and the means for steering may steer the beams to the at least one direction using at least one of the sectors.
  • the network device may further comprise means for connecting the network device with the at least one other network device of the transport network using a directional point-to-point millimeter wave signals radio link.
  • the means for connecting may base the connection on a partial mesh topology of the transport network.
  • the network device may further comprise means for
  • the network device may further comprise means for
  • the network device may be a gateway unit and may comprise means for providing a connection towards at least one of the core network of the communications network system, a further communication network and a further transport network.
  • modulating/demodulating, connecting, building up/adjusting, adjusting/optimizing and connection providing may be
  • processing resources 111 implemented by the processing resources 111, memory resources 112 and interfaces 113 of the control unit 102.
  • the invention relates to a backhaul networking concept.
  • a network device 10 for use in a transport network comprising a plurality of network devices 10-13 at least partially meshed with each other.
  • the transport network transports traffic between sites of an access network 31 of a communications network system and a core network of the communications network system.
  • the network device 10 is provided for use in a transport network comprising a plurality of network devices 10-13 at least partially meshed with each other.
  • the transport network transports traffic between sites of an access network 31 of a communications network system and a core network of the communications network system.
  • a control unit 102 for steering beams of the antenna unit 101 to at least one of a plurality of directions to connect the network device 10 with at least one other network device 11-13 of the network devices 10-13 of the transport network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un concept de réseau d'amenée. Selon un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple, un dispositif de réseau 10 est prévu pour être utilisé dans un réseau de transport comprenant une pluralité de dispositifs de réseau 10 à 13 au moins partiellement reliés entre eux. Le réseau de transport transporte le trafic entre les sites d'un réseau d'accès 31 d'un système de réseau de communication et un réseau de base du système de réseau de communication. Le dispositif de réseau 10 comprend une unité d'antenne 101 capable de transmettre/recevoir des signaux d'ondes millimétriques, et une unité de commande 102 pour diriger des faisceaux de l'unité d'antenne 101 vers au moins l'une d'une pluralité de directions pour connecter le dispositif de réseau 10 à au moins un autre dispositif de réseau 11 à 13 des dispositifs de réseau 10 à 13 du réseau de transport.
PCT/EP2013/053666 2013-02-25 2013-02-25 Concept de réseau d'amenée WO2014127837A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2013/053666 WO2014127837A1 (fr) 2013-02-25 2013-02-25 Concept de réseau d'amenée

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/053666 WO2014127837A1 (fr) 2013-02-25 2013-02-25 Concept de réseau d'amenée

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CN107852624A (zh) * 2015-07-29 2018-03-27 英特尔Ip公司 用于动态毫米波笔形小区通信的用户设备（ue）和方法

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CN107852624A (zh) * 2015-07-29 2018-03-27 英特尔Ip公司 用于动态毫米波笔形小区通信的用户设备（ue）和方法
CN107852624B (zh) * 2015-07-29 2021-10-29 苹果公司 用于动态毫米波笔形小区通信的用户设备（ue）和方法
US11356861B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2022-06-07 Apple Inc. User equipment (UE) and methods for dynamic millimeter wave pencil cell communication

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