WO2014127436A1 - Method for producing olefins from ethanol fuel - Google Patents
Method for producing olefins from ethanol fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014127436A1 WO2014127436A1 PCT/BR2013/000052 BR2013000052W WO2014127436A1 WO 2014127436 A1 WO2014127436 A1 WO 2014127436A1 BR 2013000052 W BR2013000052 W BR 2013000052W WO 2014127436 A1 WO2014127436 A1 WO 2014127436A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ethanol
- fact
- ethylene
- purification
- purification system
- Prior art date
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 271
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 ethylene, propylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 104
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- UPUANNBILBRCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;ethene Chemical group C=C.CCO UPUANNBILBRCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013386 optimize process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethyl ether Chemical compound CCOC(C)(C)C NUMQCACRALPSHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/74—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
- C07C29/76—Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- C07C2521/04—Alumina
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process of producing olefins from the dehydration of fuel ethanol, which adds at least one step of removing impurities present in the feed before it is evaporated, overheated and sent to the dehydration reactor.
- bioethanol refers to ethanol produced from the fermentation of at least one organic substrate from renewable natural raw materials such as sugar cane, corn, sorghum, wheat, lignocellulosic materials, among others. Throughout the text, bioethanol will be treated as ethanol only.
- the processes of obtaining olefins from ethanol dehydration can generate mostly ethylene with small amounts of other side reaction co-products or even generate mostly olefin compositions such as, but not limited to, ethylene, propene and butenes, with small amounts of other side reaction co-products.
- the composition of the olefin mixture may be adjusted by additional serial processes: the butene content may be maximized by ethylene dimerization, or the propene content may be maximized by metathesis between ethylene and butene.
- the production of olefins from ethanol dehydration in Brazil has a number of advantages, especially the competitiveness of ethanol obtained from sugar cane associated with the low carbon footprint of the resulting product (number of kilograms of C0 2 which are emitted into the atmosphere during the manufacture of one kilogram of product).
- the country's mature sugar and alcohol industry provides high production of high quality fuel (anhydrous and hydrated) ethanol, within the specifications regulated by ANP (National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels), which can be advantageously employed as raw material for the production of olefmas.
- Processes of alcohol production by fermentation are characterized by the presence of inorganic salt ions in some stages, which leads to contamination of the final product with them.
- These ions include alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metals and, to a lesser extent, transition metals and anions, such as chlorides, sulfates, sulfites, sulfides and phosphates.
- the alcohol distillation process used to remove excess water, reduces the concentration of most of these contaminants, especially salts, placing the alcohol within the limits of the ANP specification for fuel ethanol.
- the catalysts used in the olefin production processes from ethanol dehydration are, for example, alumina, silica alumina, zeolites and other metal oxides, variations of the metal impregnated cited catalysts, as well as a mixture of two or more of these.
- Such catalysts have acidic Bronsted sites and also acidic sites of Lewis, so that the presence of salts in the reactor feed stream can poison these active sites.
- Catalyst protection is a relevant issue that involves cost savings and can be addressed in different ways such as the addition of sacrificial beds, the use of filters or other raw material purification systems.
- US 5,879,642 discloses the hydroprocessing of a hydrocarbon feed stream in a multistage reactor, in which one of the catalytic beds, more specifically the upper or lower, has the role of sacrificial bed for removal of most contaminants such as organometallic constituents.
- the process feed stream is evaporated, overheated and sent to the reactor.
- the vapor-phase ethanol stream passes through a mist eliminator system, the purpose of which is to trap salt-containing droplets.
- the salts are expected to be trapped in the evaporator.
- the present invention aims to provide an optimized olefin production process from dehydration of fuel ethanol, which includes one or more ethanol purification steps upstream of the evaporation step, resulting in important process improvements such as protection catalytic converter with increased life of the catalyst, reduction in the occurrence of scale and corrosion in equipment, higher efficiency of separation steps, lower energy consumption through improved equipment efficiency and reduced recycle, easier cleaning of surfaces and lower generation of effluents, especially liquids. It is a further object of the present invention to produce olefins with low contaminant content detrimental to the polymerization process.
- the vapor phase alcohol stream usually passes through a mist eliminator system.
- a small amount of salt-containing droplets have been identified as dragging into the reactor, allowing such impurities to come into contact with the catalyst, even if mist eliminating systems are employed.
- concentrations much lower than those reported in the literature by R.A. Ross and D.E.R. Bennett and despite the use of protective bedding in the reactor, the presence of such impurities in the feedstock in long campaigns led to unexpected losses in catalyst performance, indicating the need for a feedstock purification system.
- organic contaminants from the fermentation process in alcohol plants may also be present in ethanol, such as organic acids, aldehydes, acetals and higher alcohols.
- impurities that may come from the In the alcohol production process
- the presence of impurities from the ethanol transportation was identified, considering that the same wagons, trucks and pipelines that carry ethanol from the plants to the ethylene production unit transport the petroleum products, such as like gasoline, diesel and biodiesel on the return trip.
- Such contaminants even at low concentrations, can lead to disturbances in the olefin production process, such as the occurrence of unwanted chemical reactions and accumulation in some equipment.
- Table 1 the current fuel ethanol specification allows for up to 3% by weight of hydrocarbons.
- Biodiesel normally composed of fatty acid methyl esters, a new fact in the fuel distribution chain, deserves attention because it is soluble in alcohol and has great solvency and degradation capacity of polymers and elastomers used in chemical industry facilities, such as gaskets and trimmings. In addition, it reacts with alkali metals to form soaps, which lead to the loss of efficiency of multiphase unit operations employed in the separation of reaction products.
- the present invention is an optimized process of producing olefins from fuel ethanol comprising the steps of:
- the purification system may comprise a set of ion exchange resins, separation membranes or adsorption beds isolated or combined with each other.
- Olefins produced from the improved process may be employed in the production of polymers or other chemicals.
- Ethene for example, may be employed in the production of polyethylene and copolymers, ethylene oxide, monoethylene glycol, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, styrene, among others. Description of the figures
- Figure 1 shows the relative concentration of undesired components methane, CO and C0 2 in the ethylene produced as a function of time from hydrous ethanol (without purification system).
- Figure 2 shows relative concentrations of methane in ethylene produced as a function of time (an ethanol purification system being added).
- Figure 3 shows relative concentrations of CO 2 in ethylene produced as a function of time (an ethanol purification system being added).
- FIG. 4 shows relative CO concentrations in the ethylene produced as a function of time (an ethanol purification system being added).
- the present invention has as its innovation the identification of the specific problems of the olefin production process due to the presence of contaminants in fuel ethanol used as raw material and the technical solution to such problems described as the introduction of one or more unitary purification operations.
- raw material for the main purposes of extending catalyst life, improving unit operability and therefore increasing the competitiveness of the production process.
- the upstream purification step of ethanol evaporation additionally has benefits over other steps of olefin production, in addition to the longer catalyst life span. This is mainly due to the removal of inorganic salts. However, there are also the effects of removing other impurities such as hydrocarbons and their contaminants, fatty acids, esters and their combinations with salts.
- the quality of alcohol is also hampered by its logistics, given that terminals, vehicles and pipelines used for alcohol distribution are shared with the distribution of gasoline, diesel and biodiesel. Thus, equipment sharing also contaminates alcohol with hydrocarbons, esters, corrosion or corrosive products, and contaminants such as metal or thiocompound ions.
- nonvolatile impurities present in the raw material accumulate in the pipe and inside the equipment with serious consequences such as corrosion and the formation of fouling deposits on the heat exchange surfaces with great loss of efficiency and impact on continuity of operation. .
- This accumulation can be countered by drainage that, however, lead to the loss of raw material and energy, as well as generating liquid effluents.
- Some unit operations are very sensitive to load characteristics, such as separations in which there is more than one phase. The presence of surfactants and emulsifiers is especially detrimental even if the concentration of such compounds is very low.
- purification may occur at the entrance of the raw material into the process through an ion exchange resin set, separation membranes or adsorption beds.
- Such operations may be isolated or complementary to each other for the purpose of removing organic and inorganic impurities, and further purification steps may exist at other critical points in the process.
- Contamination may be of an inorganic nature, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, copper, sulfur, phosphorus and chlorine ions, but not limited to those substances only. They may also be organic in nature, such as organic acids, aldehydes, acetals, esters including those of fatty acids, hydrocarbons and contaminants such as thiocompounds, but not limited to the aforementioned substances. It is particularly useful to install the purification assembly upstream of the reactors to protect the catalyst, more preferably at the beginning of the process in addition to the protection of other equipment upstream of the first operation. Depending on the amount and type of contaminant, an additional purification system It can also be installed throughout the process, especially upstream of reaction product separation steps.
- the potential positive results of the present invention are: increased catalytic efficiency and selectivity, longer catalyst durability, lower catalytic bed head loss growth over time, better plant operability due to lower scale and corrosion on equipment, better efficiency of separation steps, lower energy consumption due to improved equipment efficiency and reduced recycling, easier cleaning of surfaces, less generation of effluents and their contaminants, especially liquids, higher purity of the olefin obtained.
- the ethanol used as feedstock in the process of the present invention may be hydrous ethanol or anhydrous ethanol, preferably hydrous ethanol fuel being used, as per ANP specification of 09/02/2011.
- the ethanol employed is a fuel ethanol comprising at most 3 vol% hydrocarbons, 1 mg / kg chloride, 4 mg / kg sulfate, 5 mg / kg iron, 2 mg / kg sodium and 0.07 mg / kg copper.
- Ethanol used in the present invention may be produced from, but not limited to, fermentation of at least one organic substrate from renewable natural raw materials such as sugar cane, corn, sorghum, wheat, lignocellulosic materials. among others, being preferably obtained from sugar cane. Mixtures of ethanol from different sources may also be used in the present invention.
- Processes for the production of alcohols by fermentation are generally characterized by the presence of salts in the process.
- the present invention may also be used in the dehydration of chain alcohols having more than two carbons, more specifically between three and ten carbons such as, but not limited to, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, pure or mixed, from which olefins are generated from dehydration reactions.
- the process employed to remove impurities from an ethanol filler may be a porous membrane or adsorption bed system or an ion exchange resin vessel system or an assembly employing two or more of the aforementioned systems.
- the system is composed of vessels with ion exchange resins.
- the removal of contaminants from ethanol by ion exchange is a simple, two-step operation in which the salts in solution, upon contact with the first cationic resin, have their positively charged ions (cations) exchanged for the hydrogen ion. which leads to the formation of the corresponding acids.
- These acids formed upon contact with the second anionic resin have their anionic components (anions) replaced by hydroxyl radicals, forming water.
- the salts present in ethanol are essentially removed, generating, as a final product, water, retaining the remaining components in the resin beds that are subsequently regenerated.
- the removal of contaminants can be accomplished by first passing the ethanol through the anionic resin bed, and then passing through the cationic resin.
- ethanol may be subjected to contact with mixed beds formed by the combination of anionic and cationic resins.
- a commercially available ion exchange resin system preferably based on in styrene based crosslinked polymers and particle size ranging from 300 to 1200 ⁇ .
- Ethanol from storage tanks is sent to a salt removal unit via a pump.
- the salt removal system is composed of one or more cationic resin vessels and one or more anionic resin vessels through which the flow of ethanol to be treated circulates.
- the process takes place at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 20 bar and mild temperatures in the range of 20 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably at room temperature.
- the efficiency of salt removal can be monitored by chemical analysis or by monitoring continuous conductivity measurements at the system inlet and outlet.
- the saturation of the resins occurs and their regeneration is necessary, which is done by circulating an acid solution, preferably sulfuric acid with a concentration ranging from 1 to 10% through the cationic resin bed and a basic solution, preferably of caustic soda, with a concentration ranging from 1 to 10%, through the anionic resin bed, restoring its exchange capacity and starting a new cycle.
- the regeneration cycle can be automated or manually operated.
- the system may have storage of purified ethanol at the system outlet or preferably in parallel vessels.
- the alcohol is evaporated, optionally passed through a mist removal system, optionally overheated and sent to the reactor or dehydration reactor assembly.
- the olefin production process can be any catalytic process known in the art.
- the olefin produced by the process of the present invention is mostly ethylene or a mixture of olefins, comprising mostly ethylene, propene and butenes.
- a test was performed in a reaction system composed of a reactor with a capacity of 10L of useful volume.
- the reaction bed was filled with alumina containing a surface area of 240 m 2 / g.
- the system feed was a mixture of water vapor and hydrous ethanol (93 wt%) in a 3: 1 ratio.
- the hydrated ethanol contained 1.07 ppm sulfates (specification: less than 4 ppm mass) and 0.20 ppm mass of chloride (specification: less than 1.0 ppm mass).
- the reactor inlet temperature was 470 ° C and the pressure 9 bar.
- the duration of the test was 30 days and after this period samples were taken in three reactor sections (called top, middle and bottom). Results compared to the initial concentrations of chloride, sulfate and sodium are shown in Table 2.
- the surface area of the catalyst was measured before and after the test. For the top region of the reactor (section through which the the initial surface area measured was 240 m / g and the final surface area 96 m 2 / g, ie a 60% reduction in the surface area of the region most affected by salt deposition.
- Table 3 shows the concentration of some components present in a hydrous alcohol charge before and after circulation by a purification system consisting of an AMBERLYST TM A26 OH cationic resin vessel and an AMBERLYST TM A26 OH anionic resin vessel.
- a purification system consisting of an AMBERLYST TM A26 OH cationic resin vessel and an AMBERLYST TM A26 OH anionic resin vessel.
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WO2020126374A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Method for treating an alcohol feedstock for the production of olefins |
FR3090393A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-26 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Process for treating an alcohol charge for the production of olefins |
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