WO2014124547A1 - Electromechanical control system for a group of bidirectional fluid turbines that generate electricity - Google Patents

Electromechanical control system for a group of bidirectional fluid turbines that generate electricity Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014124547A1
WO2014124547A1 PCT/CL2013/000055 CL2013000055W WO2014124547A1 WO 2014124547 A1 WO2014124547 A1 WO 2014124547A1 CL 2013000055 W CL2013000055 W CL 2013000055W WO 2014124547 A1 WO2014124547 A1 WO 2014124547A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
turbines
control system
wind
fluid
kinetic energy
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Application number
PCT/CL2013/000055
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jorge SERANI MOSTAZAL
Original Assignee
Serani Mostazal Jorge
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Publication date
Application filed by Serani Mostazal Jorge filed Critical Serani Mostazal Jorge
Priority to PCT/CL2013/000055 priority Critical patent/WO2014124547A1/en
Publication of WO2014124547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014124547A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/40—Flow geometry or direction
    • F05B2210/404—Flow geometry or direction bidirectional, i.e. in opposite, alternating directions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the generation of electrical energy, from the use of kinetic energy from fluids, especially water and air.
  • it relates to fluid machines, turbomachines, hydraulic machines and turbines and consists of an electromechanical control system for bidirectional, vertical and / or horizontal turbines, for their operation.
  • Energy is an essential element for the production of any good or service and therefore for economic development. At present, over 80% of the generation of global energy is produced from fossil fuels, however this leads to three types of problems; climate changes, environmental pollution and uncertainty about the future availability of the resource.
  • the solution offered by this invention is based on increasing the efficiency or performance of a turbine or a set of them, defined as the ratio between the energy produced by it and the available energy, through a control system that allows it to operate (las) in a bidirectional way, capturing flows and refluxes and also giving the possibility of simultaneously using a set of horizontal or vertical turbines.
  • the electromechanical control system consists of four components; the mechanic comprising three turbines, a main shaft, a differential, three axles, two inner and two outer gears, two trigger mechanisms, two cylinders, two pistons and pairs of adjustable dampers.
  • the electromechanical which is composed of two starter motors and two straight gears, an alternator and a battery.
  • the electric one consisting of five fuse boxes, two relays, two pressure sensors, four torque sensors, an alternator, a battery and the corresponding wiring.
  • the torque control is composed of three servomotors interconnected with the three admissions of the turbines.
  • control system offered by this invention would correspond to the industry related to the production of wind and hydraulic turbines and also to those related to the generation or use of electrical energy from hydraulic energy and wind energy.
  • Torque sensors 333, 335, 337, 339
  • Figure 1 Operates with three turbines; two at the ends (horizontal) and one at the top (vertical), although nothing prevents it from being used with two vertical turbines (one at the top and one at the bottom) and one horizontal
  • turbine is usually also applied, as it is the main component, to the set of several turbines connected to a generator destined to obtain electrical energy, which is why from now on this term will be applied to a turbine type corresponding to the set of turbines (3), associated with this invention.
  • the mechanical component consists of three turbines, a main shaft, three axles, by different gears, two cylinders, two pistons, two gas shock absorbers, two trigger mechanisms and two pressure sensors.
  • the antagonist is kept at rest.
  • Figure 3 Electrical component; This component includes a fuse box, two relays, the two starter motors, two pressure sensors, whose function is to activate the starter motors according to the fluxes and refluxes of the fluid, four torque sensors, which operate through the servomotor controls and the respective servomotors and acting at the level of the turbine admissions, as well as a wiring.
  • the electromagnetic control system that allows the operation of a bidirectional fluid turbine, consists of four components; a mechanical component, an electromagnetic component and one of protection for excess torque.
  • the sequence of operation begins with the three turbines at rest (101,102 and 103), indicating that there are not enough fluid flows to work, then and as a product of the pressure exerted by the incoming fluid on the turbine (101), the semi-axle (105) begins to move towards the central point of the differential (100,) while exerting pressure on the cylinder (111) and the piston (112) in which the pressure sensors are.
  • the semi-axles are supported on bases, supports and bearings just as the main axis does and as is supposed to be the alignment between the semi-axes in both the vertical and horizontal plane.
  • the increase in the pressure in the cylinder (111) and also in the front part of the piston (112) has two effects: a) The first is to reduce the coupling speed of the corresponding axle shaft to achieve a smooth and non-damaging gear. b) Attached to the cylinder is a pressure sensor (118), whose objective is to start, by means of an electric impulse, the starter motor (200), which is located in the electromechanical component and which aims to prevent damage structural elements in the mechanical elements, taking the main axis of static inertia. Starter motors operate alternately according to the turbine that was coupled (101).
  • the turbine (101) begins to rotate clockwise (107), then dragging the turbine (103), whose semi-axle passes to rotate counterclockwise (109); the sum of forces exerted by both turbines produces the mechanical work; direction of rotation of the main shaft (108).
  • the semi-axle and gear corresponding to the turbine 103 is always working with the differential and is always coupled with a second turbine (101 and 102), however it does so alternately and adding forces to which it is directly connected to the differential gear .
  • the possibility of coupling two turbines is an extraordinary advantage of this invention.
  • the main axis extends downwards; at the height of the two starting engines, there are a pair of gears that allow them to rotate to the left or to the right, depending on the turbine that corresponds and the direction of rotation that prints them, even when by design and technology the starter motors They always turn right.
  • the main shaft ends in an alternator (204), which converts mechanical energy to electricity through a pair of pulleys (206 and 207) and a belt. Electricity can be used to power the battery (205) and / or to provide power outside.
  • alternator charges in both directions, however its fan only operates in one, that is, in 50% of the working time it would not have ventilation to one side, but a straight blade fan should overcome this restriction.
  • the duty cycle of the turbine 101 is nearing completion, since the pressure exerted by the turbine becomes increasingly weaker than in relation to the one exerted by the damper that retains the piston (112), so that it it contracts by dragging the half shaft and tapered bearing and causing the separation between the outer and inner gear. Finally, the low fluid pressure causes the trigger mechanism (119) to completely stop the turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the use of kinetic energy of fluids, particularly water and wind, for the production of electrical energy and consists of an electromechanical control system for bidirectional turbines. For many years, man has been efficiently harnessing the kinetic energy of water flowing on the Earth's surface, as well as the kinetic energy of wind. Flows of water are determined by climate, gravity and the topography of the land, for which unidirectional turbines have been developed that efficiently convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. Something similar occurs with wind and wind turbines, which, in large part, depend on the rotation of the earth and the temperature difference between the equator and the poles. Nonetheless, the generation of electrical energy from the kinetic energy of water and wind, given the enormous potential of both, could be made more efficient by using bidirectional turbines that allow the use of flows and back-flows, as well as allowing the use of horizontal turbines which do not feature in the design of current turbines. The present invention overcomes the unidirectionality restriction of current turbines, as well as allowing the possibility of operating with up to three types of turbines together and coupling two of same. The invention has three main components, namely: the mechanical component comprising a differential, an axle and two half-axles; the electromechanical component consisting of a gearbox and two starter motors; and an electric circuit, all of which combined improve the efficiency of wind and water turbines in the conversion of kinetic energy (water and air) into electrical energy.

Description

SISTEMA DE CONTROL ELECTROMECÁNICO PARA UN CONJUNTO DE TURBINAS DE FLUIDOS, BIDIRECCIONALES GENERADORAS DE ELECTRICIDAD.  ELECTROMECHANICAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A SET OF FLUID TURBINES, BIDIRECTIONAL ELECTRICITY GENERATORS.
La presente invención está relacionada con la generación de energía eléctrica, a partir de utilización de la energía cinética proveniente de los fluidos, en especial agua y aire. En particular se relaciona con las máquinas de fluidos, con las turbomáquinas, con las máquinas hidráulicas y con las turbinas y consiste en un sistema de control electromecánico para turbinas bidireccionales, verticales y/o horizontales, para la operación de las mismas. The present invention relates to the generation of electrical energy, from the use of kinetic energy from fluids, especially water and air. In particular, it relates to fluid machines, turbomachines, hydraulic machines and turbines and consists of an electromechanical control system for bidirectional, vertical and / or horizontal turbines, for their operation.
La energía constituye un elemento esencial para la producción de cualquier bien o servicio y por ende para el desarrollo económico. En la actualidad sobre el 80 % de la generación de la energía global se produce a partir de combustibles fósiles, sin embargo esto acarrea tres tipos de problemas; cambios climáticos, contaminación ambiental e incertidumbre sobre la disponibilidad futura del recurso.  Energy is an essential element for the production of any good or service and therefore for economic development. At present, over 80% of the generation of global energy is produced from fossil fuels, however this leads to three types of problems; climate changes, environmental pollution and uncertainty about the future availability of the resource.
Desde hace años el hombre explota la energía cinética de los cursos de aguas superficiales, así como la de los océanos. En tierra los flujos de agua están dados por factores climáticos, por la fuerza de gravedad y por la topografía del terreno. En el mar los flujos de agua están dados por las mareas, las corrientes marinas y/o por las olas y son producto del clima, del fondo marino y de las costas.  For years, man has exploited the kinetic energy of surface water courses, as well as that of the oceans. On land the water flows are given by climatic factors, by the force of gravity and by the topography of the land. At sea, water flows are given by tides, sea currents and / or waves and are a product of the weather, the seabed and the coasts.
Por otra parte a nivel global se extrae energía cinética a partir de de los vientos que se generan como producto de la rotación de la tierra y por el diferencial de temperatura que hay entre la línea ecuatorial y los polos; además hay vientos regionales y/o locales que son importantes de considerar.  On the other hand, kinetic energy is extracted globally from the winds that are generated as a result of the rotation of the earth and by the temperature differential between the equator and the poles; there are also regional and / or local winds that are important to consider.
En ambos, energía hidráulica y energía eólica, la conversión a electricidad se efectúa con turbinas unidireccionales y/o con turbinas horizontales o verticales según su eficiencia en el lugar que se ubican.  In both hydraulic and wind energy, the conversion to electricity is carried out with unidirectional turbines and / or with horizontal or vertical turbines according to their efficiency in the place they are located.
PROBLEMA TECNICO  TECHNICAL PROBLEM
No obstante lo anterior la conversión de energía eléctrica a partir de la cinética proveniente de las agua y del viento, con el enorme potencial de energía que estas poseen, podría ser más eficiente si se utilizaran turbinas bidireccionales, aprovechando flujos y reflujos, así como turbinas horizontales, verticales o combinaciones de ambas; lo que no ocurre con los diseños tradicionales. Además hay que considerar que la generación de energía se complica aún más si se agrega la inestabilidad que tienen la energía hidráulica y eólica por su dependencia del factor climático. A modo de ejemplo las corrientes marinas cambian de sentido así como algunos vientos hacen lo mismo; brisas terrestres y marinas. En los aerogeneradores pequeños existe la posibilidad de aprovechar el reflujo, a través de veletas, sin embargo en los grandes no siempre es factible de hacer aún cuando existen servomotores para oriententarlos. En el mar la solución está dada, a una muy baja escala, a través por el cambio de dirección de las turbinas, por el desarrollo de algunos prototipos y por las turbinas de bulbo, ya que estas últimas se pueden utilizar como turbinas y también como bombas. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the conversion of electrical energy from the kinetics coming from water and wind, with the enormous potential of energy that these possess, could be more efficient if bidirectional turbines were used, taking advantage of ebb and flow, as well as turbines horizontal, vertical or combinations of both; What does not happen with traditional designs. In addition, it must be considered that energy generation is further complicated if the instability of hydraulic and wind energy is added due to its dependence on the climatic factor. As an example, sea currents change direction just as some winds do the same; land and sea breezes. In small wind turbines there is the possibility of taking advantage of the reflux, through wind vanes, however in large wind turbines it is not always feasible to do even when there are servomotors to guide them. At sea the solution is given, at a very low scale, through the change of direction of the turbines, the development of some prototypes and the bulb turbines, since the latter can be used as turbines and also as bombs
Por otra parte en la actualidad, la conversión de energía cinética en energía cinética en electricidad se realiza a través de turbinas que trabajan en forma horizontal o vertical, las que se ubican en función de la eficiencia de trabajo que tengan las mismas pero sin combinarlas. On the other hand at present, the conversion of kinetic energy into kinetic energy into electricity is carried out through turbines that work horizontally or vertically, which are located depending on the work efficiency they have but without combining them.
SOLUCIÓN TECNICA TECHNICAL SOLUTION
La solución que ofrece esta invención se basa en aumentar la eficiencia o rendimiento de una turbina o de un conjunto de ellas, definida como el cociente entre la energía producida por la misma y la energía disponible, a través de un sistema de control que permite operarla (las) en forma bidireccional, capturando flujos y reflujos y dando además la posibilidad de emplear simultáneamente un conjunto de turbinas horizontales o verticales.  The solution offered by this invention is based on increasing the efficiency or performance of a turbine or a set of them, defined as the ratio between the energy produced by it and the available energy, through a control system that allows it to operate (las) in a bidirectional way, capturing flows and refluxes and also giving the possibility of simultaneously using a set of horizontal or vertical turbines.
El sistema de control electromecánico consta de cuatro componentes ; el mecánico que comprende tres turbinas, un eje principal , un diferencial , tres semiejes ,dos engranajes interiores y dos exteriores, dos mecanismos de gatillo, dos cilindros, dos émbolos y pares de amortiguadores regulables. El electromecánico que está compuesto de dos motores de arranque y dos engranajes rectos, un alternador y una batería. El eléctrico que está constituido por cinco cajas de fusibles, dos relés, dos sensores de presión, cuatro sensores de torque, un alternador, una batería y el cableado correspondiente. El de control de torque que está compuesto por tres servomotores interconectados con las tres admisiones de le las turbinas.  The electromechanical control system consists of four components; the mechanic comprising three turbines, a main shaft, a differential, three axles, two inner and two outer gears, two trigger mechanisms, two cylinders, two pistons and pairs of adjustable dampers. The electromechanical which is composed of two starter motors and two straight gears, an alternator and a battery. The electric one consisting of five fuse boxes, two relays, two pressure sensors, four torque sensors, an alternator, a battery and the corresponding wiring. The torque control is composed of three servomotors interconnected with the three admissions of the turbines.
Las interconexiones entre los distintos componentes son las siguientes:  The interconnections between the different components are as follows:
Entre el componente mecánico y el electromecánico: Se da por la transmisión mecánica vía eje principal, los engranajes rectos (2) y por los motores de arranque.  Between the mechanical and electromechanical components: It is given by the mechanical transmission via the main shaft, the straight gears (2) and the starter motors.
Entre el componente mecánico y el eléctrico: A través de los sensores de presión según el accionar de las turbinas y por los motores de arranque. Between the mechanical and electrical components: Through the pressure sensors according to the operation of the turbines and by the starter motors.
Entre el componente mecánico y de control de torque. A través de sensores de torque y los servomotores.  Between the mechanical and torque control component. Through torque sensors and servomotors.
Entre el componente electromecánico y el eléctrico: A través de los relés los motores de arranque, del alternador, de la batería y del cableado.  Between the electromechanical and electrical components: Through the relays the starter, alternator, battery and wiring motors.
Entre el componente eléctrico y el control de torque: A través de los sensores de torque, el control de servomotores y los servomotores. CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN Between the electrical component and the torque control: Through the torque sensors, the servomotor control and the servomotors. SCOPE
Las mejoras que presenta el sistema de control que ofrece esta invención corresponderían a la industria relacionada con la producción de turbinas de viento e hidráulicas y también con aquella relacionadas con la generación o utilización de energía eléctrica partir de la energía hidráulica y de la energía eólica. The improvements presented by the control system offered by this invention would correspond to the industry related to the production of wind and hydraulic turbines and also to those related to the generation or use of electrical energy from hydraulic energy and wind energy.
Se basa en la mayor eficiencia que hay en la captura de energía cinética, ya que suple la carencia que tienen las turbinas unidireccionales actuales y a la posibilidad de combinar turbinas horizontales y verticales. Aunque en la actualidad no existe una turbina similar a la que se requiere para la operación de la presente invención, el estado actual del arte permite suponer que es posible diseñarla y de construirla.  It is based on the greater efficiency in the capture of kinetic energy, since it supplies the lack of current unidirectional turbines and the possibility of combining horizontal and vertical turbines. Although there is currently no turbine similar to that required for the operation of the present invention, the current state of the art makes it possible to assume that it is possible to design and build it.
BENEFICIOS ECONOMICOS Y SOCIALES DE LA GENERACIÓN DE ENERGÍA ELECTRICA A PARTIR DE LA ENERGÍA CINÉTICA DE LOS FLUIDOS; AGUA Y AIRE.  ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL BENEFITS OF THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE FLUIDS; WATER AND AIR.
Mayores ingresos de la industria generadora de electricidad y de las relacionados con esta .Higher revenues from the electricity generating industry and those related to it.
No hay producción de emisiones atmosféricas ni desechos. There is no production of atmospheric emissions or waste.
No se requiere de combustión; no hay producción de C02 ni efecto invernadero.  No combustion is required; There is no production of CO2 or greenhouse effect.
Disminuye el gasto en salud tanto del estado como el de los individuos.  Decreases health spending of both the state and that of individuals.
Disminuye el nivel de desempleo, ya que se ha observado que el empleo de energías renovables aumenta el empleo.  The level of unemployment decreases, since it has been observed that the use of renewable energy increases employment.
El empleo de energías renovables disminuye el riesgo financiero y por ende el costo financiero. Disminuye el costo de extender redes eléctricas.  The use of renewable energy decreases the financial risk and therefore the financial cost. Decrease the cost of extending power networks.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.
1. -DETALLE COMPONENTE MECÁNICO  1. - MECHANICAL COMPONENT DETAIL
Turbinas; 101, 102, 103  Turbines; 101, 102, 103
Eje principal; 104 Principal axis; 104
Semiejes; 105 Half shafts; 105
Engranaje cónicos helicoidales; 106  Helical bevel gear; 106
Sentido de giro semieje turbina; 107  Direction of rotation semi-axis turbine; 107
Sentido de giro semieje turbinas, suma 101 y 103; 108  Direction of rotation semi-axis turbines, sum 101 and 103; 108
Sentido de giro semieje turbina 103; 109  Direction of rotation semi-axis turbine 103; 109
Sentido de giro semiejes turbinas 102 y 103; 110  Direction of rotation half shafts turbines 102 and 103; 110
Cilindros; 111  Cylinders; 111
Émbolos; 112  Plungers; 112
Engranaje exterior; 113  Outer gear; 113
Engranaje interior; 114  Inner gear; 114
Engranaje exterior acoplado; 115  External gear coupled; 115
Engranaje interior acoplado; 116  Internal gear coupled; 116
Amortiguadores encontrados, compresión; 117  Shock absorbers found, compression; 117
Sensores de presión; 118  Pressure sensors; 118
Mecanismo gatillo; 119  Trigger mechanism; 119
Sensores de torque; 333, 335, 337,339  Torque sensors; 333, 335, 337,339
Servomotores de acoplamiento mecánico; 308 2.-DETALLE COMPONENTE ELECTROMECÁNICO Mechanical coupling servo motors; 308 2.-ELECTROMECHANICAL COMPONENT DETAIL
Motores de arranque, 200  Starter motors, 200
Engranajes acople; 201  Gear gears; 201
Engranaje recto; 202  Straight gear; 202
Engranaje recto (loco); 203 Straight gear (crazy); 203
Eje principal; 104 Principal axis; 104
Alternador; 204 Alternator; 204
Batería; 205 Drums; 205
Poleas; 206 y 207 Pulleys; 206 and 207
3. - DETALLE COMPONENTE ELECTRICO 3. - ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DETAIL
Motor de Arranque; 200 Starting motor; 200
Alternador; 204  Alternator; 204
Batería; 205  Drums; 205
Relés; 300 y 301  Relays; 300 and 301
Sensores de presión; 302 y 303  Pressure sensors; 302 and 303
Caja fusible; 304  Fuse box; 304
Sensores de torque; 333, 335, 337, 339  Torque sensors; 333, 335, 337, 339
4. - DETALLE COMPONENTE CONTROL TORQUE 4. - TORQUE CONTROL COMPONENT DETAIL
Control servomotor (individual); 334 Servo motor control (individual); 334
Servomotor; 308 Servomotor; 308
Para una mejor comprensión de las características generales del Sistema de Control se adjuntan cuatro figuras con los componentes de la presente invención: For a better understanding of the general characteristics of the Control System four figures are attached with the components of the present invention:
Figura 1.- Componente mecánico: Opera con tres turbinas ; dos en los extremos (horizontales) y una en la parte superior (vertical), aunque nada impide que se pueda utilizar con dos turbinas verticales (una en la parte superior y otra en la inferior) y una horizontal Figure 1.- Mechanical component: Operates with three turbines; two at the ends (horizontal) and one at the top (vertical), although nothing prevents it from being used with two vertical turbines (one at the top and one at the bottom) and one horizontal
Cabe destacar que el término "turbina" suele aplicarse también, por ser el componente principal, al conjunto de varias turbinas conectadas a un generador destinado a la obtención de energía eléctrica, es por esto que de ahora en adelante dicho termino se aplicará a una turbina tipo que corresponde al conjunto de turbinas (3), asociadas a esta invención.  It should be noted that the term "turbine" is usually also applied, as it is the main component, to the set of several turbines connected to a generator destined to obtain electrical energy, which is why from now on this term will be applied to a turbine type corresponding to the set of turbines (3), associated with this invention.
En términos generales el componente mecánico está constituido tres turbinas, un eje principal, tres semiejes, por distintos engranajes, dos cilindros, dos émbolos, dos amortiguadores a gas, dos mecanismos de gatillo y dos sensores de presión. En la figura una de las turbinas está trabajando, acoplada con el eje principal, la antagónica se mantiene en reposo. Figura 2.- Componente electromecánico; el diseño de este componente contempla engranajes y dos motores de arranque, uno de los cuales esta acoplado con el eje principal y el segundo esta en reposo. Además el componente se completa con un alternador y una batería para acumular energía y darle partida a los motores de arranque. In general terms the mechanical component consists of three turbines, a main shaft, three axles, by different gears, two cylinders, two pistons, two gas shock absorbers, two trigger mechanisms and two pressure sensors. In the figure one of the turbines is working, coupled with the main shaft, the antagonist is kept at rest. Figure 2.- Electromechanical component; The design of this component includes gears and two starter motors, one of which is coupled to the main shaft and the second is at rest. In addition the component is completed with an alternator and a battery to accumulate energy and start the starters.
Figura 3.- Componente eléctrico; este componente contempla una caja de fusibles, dos relés, los dos motores de arranque, dos sensores de presión, que tienen como función activar los motores de arranque según los flujos y reflujos del fluido, cuatro sensores de torque, que operan a través de los controles de servomotor y los respectivos servomotores y que actúan a nivel de las admisiones de las turbinas, así como de un cableado. Figure 3.- Electrical component; This component includes a fuse box, two relays, the two starter motors, two pressure sensors, whose function is to activate the starter motors according to the fluxes and refluxes of the fluid, four torque sensors, which operate through the servomotor controls and the respective servomotors and acting at the level of the turbine admissions, as well as a wiring.
Figura 4.- Componente control torque; este componente está compuesto por el control de los servomotores y los servomotores. Figure 4.- Torque control component; This component is composed of the control of the servomotors and the servomotors.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El sistema de control electromagnético que permite la operación de una turbina bidireccional de fluidos, consta de cuatro componentes; un componente mecánico, un componente electromagnético y de uno de protección por exceso de torque. The electromagnetic control system that allows the operation of a bidirectional fluid turbine, consists of four components; a mechanical component, an electromagnetic component and one of protection for excess torque.
La secuencia de operación se inicia con las tres turbinas en reposo (101,102 y 103), indicando que no hay flujos suficientes de fluido para que trabajen, luego y como producto de la presión que ejerce el fluido entrante sobre la turbina (101), el semieje (105) comienza a desplazarse hacia el punto central del diferencial (100,) a la vez que ejerce presión sobre el cilindro (111) y el émbolo (112) en los cuales están los sensores de presión. The sequence of operation begins with the three turbines at rest (101,102 and 103), indicating that there are not enough fluid flows to work, then and as a product of the pressure exerted by the incoming fluid on the turbine (101), the semi-axle (105) begins to move towards the central point of the differential (100,) while exerting pressure on the cylinder (111) and the piston (112) in which the pressure sensors are.
Los semiejes se sostienen en bases, soportes y rodamiento al igual que lo hace el eje principal y como es de suponer la alineación entre los semiejes tanto en el plano vertical como en el horizontal. The semi-axles are supported on bases, supports and bearings just as the main axis does and as is supposed to be the alignment between the semi-axes in both the vertical and horizontal plane.
El aumento de la presión en el cilindro (111) y también en la parte frontal del émbolo (112) provoca dos efectos: a) El primero es reducir la velocidad de acoplamiento del semieje correspondiente para lograr un engrane suave y que no provoque daños. b) Adosado al cilindro hay un sensor de presión (118), cuyo objetivo es hacer partir, por medio de un impulso eléctrico, al motor de arranque (200), el cual se ubica en el componente electromecánico y que tiene por objeto prevenir daños estructurales en los elementos mecánicos, sacando al eje principal de la inercia estática. Los motores de arranque operan alternadamente según la turbina que se acopló (101). Una vez que ya esta acoplada la turbina (101), comienza a girar en el sentido del reloj (107), arrastrando luego a la turbina (103), cuyo semieje pasa girar en sentido contrario al reloj (109); la suma de fuerzas ejercidas por ambas turbinas producen el trabajo mecánico; sentido de giro del eje principal (108). The increase in the pressure in the cylinder (111) and also in the front part of the piston (112) has two effects: a) The first is to reduce the coupling speed of the corresponding axle shaft to achieve a smooth and non-damaging gear. b) Attached to the cylinder is a pressure sensor (118), whose objective is to start, by means of an electric impulse, the starter motor (200), which is located in the electromechanical component and which aims to prevent damage structural elements in the mechanical elements, taking the main axis of static inertia. Starter motors operate alternately according to the turbine that was coupled (101). Once the turbine (101) is already coupled, it begins to rotate clockwise (107), then dragging the turbine (103), whose semi-axle passes to rotate counterclockwise (109); the sum of forces exerted by both turbines produces the mechanical work; direction of rotation of the main shaft (108).
El semieje y el engranaje correspondientes a la turbina 103 siempre está trabajando con el diferencial y este siempre acoplado con una segunda turbina (101 y 102), sin embargo lo hace de manera alternada y sumando fuerzas a la que está conectada directamente con el engranaje diferencial. La posibilidad de acoplar dos turbinas es una extraordinaria ventaja de esta invención. The semi-axle and gear corresponding to the turbine 103 is always working with the differential and is always coupled with a second turbine (101 and 102), however it does so alternately and adding forces to which it is directly connected to the differential gear . The possibility of coupling two turbines is an extraordinary advantage of this invention.
El eje principal se prolonga hacia abajo; a la altura de los dos motores de partida, hay un par de engranajes que les permiten rotar a la izquierda o a la derecha, según la turbina que corresponde y el sentido de giro que les imprima, aún cuando por diseño y tecnología los motores de arranque siempre giran a la derecha.  The main axis extends downwards; at the height of the two starting engines, there are a pair of gears that allow them to rotate to the left or to the right, depending on the turbine that corresponds and the direction of rotation that prints them, even when by design and technology the starter motors They always turn right.
La función que desempeñan ambos motores podría ser efectuada con uno solo de ellos cambiando su polaridad, lo que es perfectamente factible, sin embargo el problema está en el dispositivo bendix, que no puede rotar en ambos lados. El estado actual de las artes permite suponer una solución al problema.  The function that both engines play could be performed with only one of them changing their polarity, which is perfectly feasible, however the problem is in the bendix device, which cannot rotate on both sides. The current state of the arts allows us to suppose a solution to the problem.
El eje principal termina en un alternador (204), el cual hace la conversión energía mecánica a electricidad a través de un par de poleas (206 y 207) y de una correa. La electricidad puede utilizase para alimentar a la batería (205) y/o para proporcionar energía al exterior.  The main shaft ends in an alternator (204), which converts mechanical energy to electricity through a pair of pulleys (206 and 207) and a belt. Electricity can be used to power the battery (205) and / or to provide power outside.
El alternador carga en ambos sentidos, sin embargo su ventilador solo opera en uno, o sea en el 50 % del tiempo de trabajo no dispondría de ventilación hacia uno de los lados, pero un ventilador de aspas rectas debiera superar esta restricción.  The alternator charges in both directions, however its fan only operates in one, that is, in 50% of the working time it would not have ventilation to one side, but a straight blade fan should overcome this restriction.
El ciclo de trabajo de la turbina 101 está próximo a terminar, ya que la presión que ejerce la turbina pasa a ser cada vez más débil que en relación a la que ejerce el amortiguador que retiene el émbolo (112), con lo que este se contrae arrastrando el semieje y rodamiento cónico y provocando la separación entre el engranaje exterior y el interior. Finalmente la escasa presión del fluido hace que el mecanismo de gatillo (119) detenga por completo la turbina. The duty cycle of the turbine 101 is nearing completion, since the pressure exerted by the turbine becomes increasingly weaker than in relation to the one exerted by the damper that retains the piston (112), so that it it contracts by dragging the half shaft and tapered bearing and causing the separation between the outer and inner gear. Finally, the low fluid pressure causes the trigger mechanism (119) to completely stop the turbine.
El ciclo se reanuda cuando nuevamente haya fluido para poner en marcha la turbina 102. The cycle resumes when there is fluid again to start turbine 102.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA BIBLIOGRAPHY
Patentes Patents
1. - U.S. Patente N2 8.492.917, "Electrical Power Generating System", 23 de Julio de 2013. 1. - U.S. Patent N2 8,492,917, "Electrical Power Generating System", July 23, 2013.
2. - U.S. Patente N2 8.487.468, "Turbyne System and Method", 16 de Julio de 2013. 2. - U.S. N2 Patent 8,487,468, "Turbyne System and Method", July 16, 2013.
3. - U.S. Patente N2 8.17.7480 B2, " Modular System for Generating Electricity from Moving 3. - U.S. Patent N2 8.17.7480 B2, "Modular System for Generating Electricity from Moving
Moving Fluid", 15 de Marzo de 2012. Moving Fluid ", March 15, 2012.
4. - U.S. Patente N2 8.030.789, "Wave Turbine", 4 de Octubre de 2011.  4. - U.S. Patent N2 8,030,789, "Wave Turbine", October 4, 2011.
5. -U.S. Solicitud de Patente N9 2010/0117365 Al, "Wave Turbine" 13 de Mayo de 2010. 5. -US Patent Application N 9 2010/0117365 Al, "Wave Turbine" May 13, 2010.
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Claims

REIVINDICACIONES. CLAIMS.
1.- Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, que permite operar con distintos tipos de turbinas y que suple la restricción de unidireccionalidad en la dirección del flujo, CARACTERIZADO porque que comprende: 1.- Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, which allows operating with different types of turbines and that supplies the restriction of unidirectionality in the direction of flow, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises:
un componente mecánico que posee tres turbinas (101, 102, 103), montadas sobre tres semiejes (105) y acopladas entre sí por un engranaje diferencial (100), de cuatro engranajes (106) , montados sobre un eje principal (104); a mechanical component that has three turbines (101, 102, 103), mounted on three axles (105) and coupled to each other by a differential gear (100), with four gears (106), mounted on a main shaft (104);
un componente electromecánico que posee dos motores de arranque (200), en paralelo y acoplados a través de uno o dos engranajes (202,203), montados sobre el eje principal (104); un componente eléctrico que consta de dos relés (300, 301), en conexión con sus respectivos motores de partida (200), alternador (204) y batería (205); an electromechanical component that has two starter motors (200), in parallel and coupled through one or two gears (202,203), mounted on the main shaft (104); an electrical component consisting of two relays (300, 301), in connection with their respective starting motors (200), alternator (204) and battery (205);
donde el componente mecánico interactua con el componente eléctrico por medio de dos sensores de presión (118) y el componente electromecánico interactúa con el componente eléctrico por medio de los motores de partida (200). where the mechanical component interacts with the electrical component by means of two pressure sensors (118) and the electromechanical component interacts with the electrical component by means of the starting motors (200).
2.- Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque dos de las tres turbinas están alineadas entre si y enfrentadas en su parte posterior, es decir por sus descargas. 2.- Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because two of the three turbines are aligned with each other and facing each other at the rear, that is to say for your downloads.
3. -Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque la tercera turbina está alineada con el eje principal. 3. -Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the third turbine is aligned with the main axis.
4. - Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque las turbinas son de tipo vertical, horizontal o una combinación de ambas. 4. - Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the turbines are vertical, horizontal or a combination of both.
5.- Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque además comprende cuatro sensores de torque (333, 335, 337, 339), un control de servomotor (334) y tres servomotores (340), que se conectan a las admisiones de fluido de las turbinas. 5.- Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because it also comprises four torque sensors (333, 335, 337, 339), a control of servomotor (334) and three servomotors (340), which are connected to the fluid admissions of the turbines.
6.- Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque además comprende tres sensores de torque (333,335, 337) ubicados al interior del eje principal y de los cuatro semiejes. 6. Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because it also comprises three torque sensors (333,335, 337) located inside the main shaft and of the four axles.
7.- Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque además comprende un controlador de servomotores (334) de tres servomotores. 7. Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because it also comprises a servo motor controller (334) of three servomotors.
8.- Sistema de control electromecánico para un conjunto de tres turbinas generadoras de electricidad, por medio de un fluido, de acuerdo a la Reivindicación 1, CARACTERIZADO porque el componente mecánico comprende tres servomotores (308). 8.- Electromechanical control system for a set of three turbines generating electricity, by means of a fluid, according to Claim 1, CHARACTERIZED because the mechanical component comprises three servomotors (308).
PCT/CL2013/000055 2013-08-23 2013-08-23 Electromechanical control system for a group of bidirectional fluid turbines that generate electricity WO2014124547A1 (en)

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JPS57188782A (en) * 1981-05-16 1982-11-19 Koichi Totsugi Power generator by wind force
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WO2010087689A2 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-08-05 Boris Voronin Aerogenerator with two flat blade turbines
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2563279A (en) * 1946-01-11 1951-08-07 Wallace E Rushing Wind turbine
US2653250A (en) * 1949-12-16 1953-09-22 Romani Lucien Torque governor for engine making use of a power supply that is subject to great variation
JPS57188782A (en) * 1981-05-16 1982-11-19 Koichi Totsugi Power generator by wind force
DE4236092A1 (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-04-28 Histeel S A Multiple wind-power generators tower for electricity generation - is located rotatable or swivelable about vertical axes respectively independent of each other at frame which is connected fixed to mast itself braced by ropes
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CN109707560A (en) * 2018-12-24 2019-05-03 李兆林 A kind of wind-solar generation device based on Venturi effect

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