WO2014116239A1 - Procédé de stimulation et d'entretien de la biodégradation anaérobie d'un liquide léger en phase non aqueuse - Google Patents

Procédé de stimulation et d'entretien de la biodégradation anaérobie d'un liquide léger en phase non aqueuse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014116239A1
WO2014116239A1 PCT/US2013/023268 US2013023268W WO2014116239A1 WO 2014116239 A1 WO2014116239 A1 WO 2014116239A1 US 2013023268 W US2013023268 W US 2013023268W WO 2014116239 A1 WO2014116239 A1 WO 2014116239A1
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Prior art keywords
lnapl
zone
biodegradation
sustain
anaerobic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/023268
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English (en)
Inventor
Glenn Ulrich
Original Assignee
Parsons Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Parsons Corporation filed Critical Parsons Corporation
Priority to PCT/US2013/023268 priority Critical patent/WO2014116239A1/fr
Priority to CA2898434A priority patent/CA2898434C/fr
Priority to US13/927,453 priority patent/US8679340B1/en
Priority to US14/173,255 priority patent/US9333542B2/en
Publication of WO2014116239A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014116239A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00—In situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C02F2101/322—Volatile compounds, e.g. benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bioremediation and more particularly to methods to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL).
  • LNAPL light non-aqueous phase liquid
  • LNAPL light non-aqueous phase liquid
  • BTEX xylenes
  • the remaining LNAPL often serves as a continuing source of dissolved hydrocarbon plumes including BTEX and low molecular weight poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) (PAH) such as naphthalene.
  • Cost effective approaches to remove or degrade residual LNAPL do not exist. Large areas of residual LNAPL therefore remain at numerous sites including terminals and refineries across the world.
  • Existing technologies used to enhance the recovery of the remaining LNAPL include excavating the impacted soils, surfactant and/or solvent flooding, various in-situ heating approaches (steam flooding, electrical resistance heating, among others) and air-sparging. These approaches are costly and often not reasonable to apply over broad areas of LNAPL impacted soil, nor practical at some facilities with extensive build-out or development.
  • Enhancing the aerobic biodegradation of LNAPL is limited by the low solubility of dissolved oxygen and difficulty in distributing oxygen in the subsurface.
  • Anaerobic conditions predominate in subsurface hydrocarbon impacted soils and groundwater, especially within LNAPL source zones.
  • the anaerobic biodegradation of a wide variety of hydrocarbons is known to occur with varied soluble electron acceptors including nitrate and sulfate, with insoluble ferric iron and manganese oxides, and under methanogenic conditions where electron acceptors other than carbon dioxide are depleted.
  • 6,720,176 to Hince et al. provides a method to enhance the anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons using a surfactant and chelating agents with a sulfate containing compound and a source of phosphate.
  • No. 2010/0227381 to Hoag and Collins provides a method to enhance the aerobic biodegradation of LNAPL through the combined use of surfactants or cosolvents with a chemical oxidant to partially oxidize solubilized or desorbed hydrocarbons into more readily biodegradable compounds.
  • the use of surfactants or chemical oxidants greatly increases remediation costs and can be associated with negative consequences.
  • Surfactant addition has the potential for mobilizing hydrocarbons outside of the treatment areas, and varying results including the inhibition of biodegradation are often observed.
  • United States Patent No. 6,787,034 to Scott and Elliott provides a method to accelerate the anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons using a mixture of an adsorbent capable of adsorbing hydrocarbons, anaerobic bacteria, a sulfate-containing compound that releases sulfate over time, and a sulfide scavenging agent.
  • the reference does not address how to accelerate the biodegradation of LNAPL as indicated based on adding a hydrocarbon adsorbent for lower concentrations of hydrocarbons.
  • adding anaerobic bacteria capable of biodegradation hydrocarbons under sulfate-reducing conditions is not necessary as they are ubiquitous.
  • the present inventions solves the problems with the prior art by providing a method for treating LNAPL source zones using a cost effective LNAPL source zone technology to degrade residual LNAPL.
  • the method accomplishes this by introducing bioremediation amendments comprising water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of an LNAPL source zone. Then, monitoring the LNAPL source zone for adverse conditions that decrease anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation. Next, eliminating any identified adverse conditions to sustain LNAPL biodegradation. Finally, by maintaining the water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of LNAPL.
  • the nutritional supplements are selected from the group consisting of sulfate, nitrate, a source of phosphorous, a source of nutrient nitrogen, or a source of one or more than one trace metal.
  • the trace metal can be added in salt form or can be added as a complex nutritional supplement including yeast extracts.
  • the trace metals are selected from the group consisting of: cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel, and selenium.
  • the method can comprise dissolving the nutritional supplements and adding the dissolved nutritional supplements into an unsaturated zone and allowing vertical infiltration to deliver the dissolved nutritional supplements to the underlying LNAPL, where the LNAPL zone is above a water table, below the water table or both above and below the water table.
  • the addition of dissolved nutritional supplements to the unsaturated zone is accomplished by direct addition to the surface, subsurface lateral lines, surface lateral lines, vertical injection wells, horizontal injection wells, trenches, and excavations.
  • the method also comprises the step of applying minerals to sustain dissolved phosphate, sulfate, or both phosphate and sulfate concentrations or applying oleophilic phosphates within the LNAPL zone.
  • the minerals are selected from the group consisting gypsum, apatite, and struvite. Applying the minerals can be a subsurface application, a surface application, or both a subsurface application and a surface application depending upon the location. Injection wells targeting the depth interval of the LNAPL zone can be used to introduce the bioremediation amendments. Additionally, the bioremediation amendments can be recirculated within the LNAPL zone. Moreover, the method can comprise periodically injecting nitrate at a concentration required for the anaerobic oxidation and removal of generated hydrogen sulfide and to reestablish reactive iron minerals to sequester hydrogen sulfide to sustain appropriate conditions for biodegradation.
  • the method further comprises periodically adding one or more than one of the bioremediation amendments after an initial addition of the bioremediation amendments.
  • the bioremediation amendments are periodically added using one or more of the following application approaches: Introducing dissolved bioremediation amendments into the unsaturated zone and allowing vertical infiltration to deliver the bioremediation amendments into the underlying LNAPL zone above the water table, below the water table, or both above the water table and below the water table, where injections into the unsaturated zone are selected from the group consisting of: direct addition to the surface, subsurface lateral lines, surface lateral lines, vertical injection wells, horizontal injection wells, trenches, and excavations. Subsurface, surface or both subsurface and surface application of minerals to sustain dissolved sulfate, phosphate, or both sulfate and phosphate concentrations within the LNAPL zone.
  • the sparingly soluble minerals are selected from the group consisting of: gypsum, apatite, struvite or both apatite and struvite.
  • a method for treating LNAPL source zones using a cost effective LNAPL source zone technology to degrade residual LNAPL comprises first, identifying conditions in an LNAPL zone. Then, calculating LNAPL zone characteristics. Next, calculating injection to adjust conditions in the LNAPL zone. Then, adding water and nutrients to LNAPL zone. Next, monitoring conditions in the LNAPL zone. Then, determining if the monitored conditions require additional water and nutrients to be added. Next, determining if adjustments to the water and nutrients are necessary. Then, repeating steps based upon whether or not adjustments are necessary, and finally, determining if LNAPL remediation is complete.
  • a method for treating LNAPL source zones using a cost effective LNAPL source zone technology to degrade residual LNAPL comprising the steps of first, introducing bioremediation amendments comprising water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of an LNAPL source zone. Then, eliminating any identified adverse conditions to sustain LNAPL biodegradation. Finally, maintaining the water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of LNAPL. The method further comprises the step of monitoring the LNAPL source zone for adverse conditions that decrease anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation.
  • a method for treating LNAPL source zones using a cost effective LNAPL source zone technology to degrade residual LNAPL comprising first introducing bioremediation amendments comprising water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of an LNAPL source zone. Then, monitoring the LNAPL source zone for adverse conditions that decrease anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation. Finally, maintaining the water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of LNAPL. The method further comprises the step of eliminating any identified adverse conditions to sustain LNAPL biodegradation;
  • a method for treating LNAPL source zones using a cost effective LNAPL source zone technology to degrade residual LNAPL comprising introducing bioremediation amendments comprising water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of an LNAPL source zone.
  • the method further comprises monitoring the LNAPL source zone for adverse conditions that decrease anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation. Then, eliminating any identified adverse conditions to sustain LNAPL biodegradation. Finally, maintaining the water with nutritional supplements in quantities, locations, and depths required to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of LNAPL.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of a method demonstrating a slow continual injection into a residual LNAPL zone at a water table with slow release nutrients for residual LNAPL above a water table;
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional and plan view diagram of a method demonstrating slow release of nutrients added to shallow trenches below a water table, where the trenches are oriented perpendicular to groundwater flow;
  • Figure 3 is a flowchart diagram of an anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation process according to one embodiment.
  • the present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art by providing a method for treating LNAPL source zones using a cost effective LNAPL source zone technology to degrade residual LNAPL, and to allow for a more rapid transition to monitored natural biodegradation and attenuation.
  • This in-situ technology is consistent with some states that require treatment, removal or containment of free or residual product, where removal or containment may not be the most appropriate, practical or cost-effective solution.
  • the method disclosed herein stimulates native, non-engineered anaerobic microorganisms to degrade LNAPL hydrocarbons in the absence of costly, and difficult to implement, chemical or physical means to increase hydrocarbon solubility and
  • the present method can be economically applied at a large scale, unlike the prior art.
  • the disclosed method evaluates the nutrient quantities required for biodegrading non-aqueous phase hydrocarbon. This stimulates and sustains the anaerobic biodegradation of LNAPL in the subsurface at petroleum release sites. Additionally, there is provided a process to enhance and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of LNAPL using injection and distribution techniques that target LNAPL-impacted zones. Larger quantities and/or longer-lasting nutritional stimulants needed for LNAPL biodegradation relative to dissolved hydrocarbon plumes are used as are steps to monitor and maintain LNAPL biodegradation for extended periods.
  • each remediation site will have significant spatial and temporal variability in subsurface conditions that may require alternative field methodologies to stimulate anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation.
  • the site- specific factors limiting anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation including LNAPL/water contact and nutritional limitations are first identified or assumed depending on site conditions.
  • the method includes the addition of large quantities of slow release sulfate sources including gypsum with oleophilic phosphates or mineral phosphates using the addition and distribution techniques that target the LNAPL zones versus indiscriminate applications.
  • biodegradation is therefore monitored and sustained by making adjustments as indicated by monitoring results.
  • This monitoring step is a key component of the invention because differences in the hydrology, geochemistry, and hydrocarbon distribution, coupled with the long duration required to biodegrade LNAPL prevent accurate predictions of such adjustments as attempted by the prior art.
  • Steps to sustain anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation in this invention include repeated nutrient injections, sustaining water and nutrient availability within the LNAPL zone including in zones with LNAPL trapped above the water table, and cycling redox conditions and electron acceptors.
  • the embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc.
  • Residual LNAPL contained within soil porosity represents the vast majority of hydrocarbon present within an aquifer impacted with petroleum sources including gasoline, diesel, crude oil, and/or other petroleum products. A small fraction of the hydrocarbon present at petroleum release sites is present in the dissolved phase relative to residual LNAPL.
  • the total quantity of hydrocarbon present in residual LNAPL exceeds that of dissolved hydrocarbons within the residual LNAPL impacted zone by factors of approximately 500 for fresh gasoline, 5,000 for weathered gasoline, 18,000 for fresh diesel, and 180,000 for weathered diesel examples.
  • the quantity of sulfate required to support the biodegradation of residual LNAPL exceeds that required for dissolved hydrocarbons by the same amounts.
  • the current invention delivers high quantities using slow release sources of nutrients and/or through continuous or semi-continuous injections into the LNAPL zone over long periods. Adding soluble electron acceptors (nitrate and/or sulfate salts) to
  • concentrations required, or even significantly less than what is required for residual LNAPL biodegradation, would raise the salinity to concentrations that inhibit microbial activity and biodegradation.
  • a dissolved sulfate concentration of 480,000 mg/L would be required for the biodegradation of gasoline residual LNAPL in the above example.
  • the bulk of the added electron acceptor would not be utilized prior to being carried out of the LNAPL area with groundwater flow. Groundwater flow velocities between 50 to 500 feet/year are common and would carry injected sulfate or nitrate out of the 200 ft.
  • LNAPL zone described above within 4 years and 0.4 years, respectively. This is insufficient time for anaerobic biodegradation to degrade residual LNAPL.
  • the method includes slow release sources of sulfate and phosphate and/or continual or semi-continuous injections of soluble nutrients over multiple years to maintain of electron acceptors and nutrient concentrations using injection and/or distribution techniques that specifically target the LNAPL-impacted zones.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a diagram 100 of a method demonstrating a slow continuous injection of a nutrient solution into residual LNAPL 110 zone at a water table 112 using wells 102, 104 and 106 with slow release nutrients 114 for residual LNAPL 110 above the water table 112.
  • LNAPL 110 is a contaminant that is mainly insoluble and has a lower density than water in the water table 112. Once LNAPL 110 infiltrates through the soil, it will accumulate at the water table 112 since LNAPL 110 is less dense than water.
  • the desired end-point is the depletion of contaminants of concern (COCs) from LNAPL 110 to significantly reduce or eliminate dissolved hydrocarbon plumes 118. This is accomplished by stimulating the biodegradation of LNAPL 110 and 116 using native anaerobic microorganisms 114.
  • the invention does not include chemical or physical LNAPL pre-treatment prior to bioremediation or as part of the anaerobic bioremediation process which have largely been assumed to be required to enhance LNAPL biodegradation.
  • Treating dissolved hydrocarbons 118 is a consequence of LNAPL 110 source zone treatment, not efforts specifically designed to degrade dissolved hydrocarbons.
  • a nutrient solution 120 is injected within a thin residual LNAPL 110 zone located at and beneath the water table 112 by injection site wells 102, 104 and 106.
  • the anaerobic biodegradation of residual LNAPL 116 located above the water table in this example is accelerated by adding mineral sources of electron acceptor such as gypsum, and/or mineral sources of phosphorous, including apatite, to surface soils.
  • the nutrients 114 are slowly released into the residual LNAPL zones 116 above the water table from trenches or surface applications. The slow release nutrients are replenished as needed until remediation is complete.
  • Monitoring well 108 designed to monitor groundwater conditions in the thin residual LNAPL zone 110 at and below the water table, is used to monitor for nutrient and electron acceptor depletion, and the potential for inhibitor accumulation including dissolved hydrogen sulfide. Additional electron acceptor and/or nutrients (including phosphate) are supplemented using the injection wells as needed based on monitoring results. Should hydrogen sulfide accumulate to potentially inhibitory concentrations (generally greater than lmmol/L), nitrate is periodically added to wells 102, 104, and 106.
  • the progress of biodegradation and remediation is monitored at a well 108 that has a depth adequate to determine whether conditions need to be adjusted to maintain LNAPL biodegradation, if the groundwater still contains dissolved contamination, or if the remediation is complete.
  • a typical monitoring well 122 used to monitor conditions within the dissolved plume 118 is shown for comparison.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a cross-sectional and plan view diagram 200 of a method demonstrating slow release of nutrients added to shallow trenches 202, 204 and 206 below the water table 210 oriented perpendicular to groundwater flow.
  • the diagram 200 illustrates this second method for bioremediation that comprises adding mineral sulfate and/or phosphate sources into shallow trenches 202, 204 and 206 installed beneath the shallow water table 210.
  • the trenches 202, 204 and 206 are oriented perpendicular to groundwater flow 212 to allow sulfate and/or phosphate sources from the dissolution of added minerals to transport with groundwater flow 212 through the residual LNAPL zone 214 trapped beneath the water table 210.
  • the need for additional trenching with space or time is determined by monitoring dissolved sulfate and phosphate concentrations within the LNAPL zone 214 using well 208. If sulfate and phosphate become depleted, additional mineral sources of phosphate and sulfate are added.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a flowchart diagram 300 of an anaerobic LNAPL biodegradation process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the flowchart 300 illustrates monitoring used to determine if, when, and what specific adjustments are needed within the LNAPL zone. Monitoring and adjusting the anaerobic LNAPL bioremediation process continues until an acceptable end point is achieved based on reduction of dissolved hydrocarbons of concern within the residual LNAPL zone.
  • a determination 302 is made to identify specific limitations to anaerobic biodegradation based on conditions and measurements conducted within the LNAPL zone with regard to the LNAPL and water saturation, methane, hydrogen sulfide, phosphate, ammonia, trace metals and pH of the zone. Alternatively, if no determination can be made, assumptions regarding the specific limitations to anaerobic biodegradation are made based on site history, hydrocarbon distribution, geology, hydrology, and/or other information.
  • the injection or alternative addition approach is designed 306 based on the calculated LNAPL zone characteristics 304, such as, for example, the depth of the LNAPL zone and the water table, LNAPL zone thickness and distribution, if the LNAPL is above or below the water table, and groundwater flow velocity. Then, the water and stimulants are injected, or an alternative approach is used to add the bioremediation amendments to the LNAPL zone 308. Next, long-term monitoring 310 is performed on the conditions within the LNAPL zone to determine if adjustments 316 to the bioremediation process or to the calculations are needed. Adjustments to the type of amendment, the amount, addition frequency and the addition method of the bioremediation amendments are made 312 until LNAPL has been remediated 314.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement de zones sources de liquide léger en phase non aqueuse (LNAPL) à l'aide d'une technologie économique pour zone source de LNAPL dans le but de dégrader le LNAPL résiduel, ledit procédé consistant à introduire des modifications dans la bioremédiation comprenant des compléments nutritionnels dans des quantités, emplacements et profondeurs nécessaires pour stimuler et entretenir la biodégradation anaérobie d'une zone source de LNAPL; contrôler les conditions défavorables pour la zone source de LNAPL qui diminuent la biodégradation anaérobie du LNAPL; éliminer toute condition défavorable identifiée afin d'entretenir la biodégradation du LNAPL; et maintenir les compléments nutritionnels dans l'eau dans des quantités, emplacements et profondeurs nécessaires pour stimuler et entretenir la biodégradation anaérobie du LNAPL.
PCT/US2013/023268 2013-01-25 2013-01-25 Procédé de stimulation et d'entretien de la biodégradation anaérobie d'un liquide léger en phase non aqueuse WO2014116239A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2013/023268 WO2014116239A1 (fr) 2013-01-25 2013-01-25 Procédé de stimulation et d'entretien de la biodégradation anaérobie d'un liquide léger en phase non aqueuse
CA2898434A CA2898434C (fr) 2013-01-25 2013-01-25 Procede de stimulation et d'entretien de la biodegradation anaerobie d'un liquide leger en phase non aqueuse
US13/927,453 US8679340B1 (en) 2013-01-25 2013-06-26 Method to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of light non-aqueous phase liquid
US14/173,255 US9333542B2 (en) 2013-01-25 2014-02-05 Method to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of light non-aqueous phase liquid

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PCT/US2013/023268 WO2014116239A1 (fr) 2013-01-25 2013-01-25 Procédé de stimulation et d'entretien de la biodégradation anaérobie d'un liquide léger en phase non aqueuse

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US13/927,453 Continuation US8679340B1 (en) 2013-01-25 2013-06-26 Method to stimulate and sustain the anaerobic biodegradation of light non-aqueous phase liquid

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RU2602179C1 (ru) * 2015-08-17 2016-11-10 Владимир Александрович Бурлака Способ переработки нефтешламов и очистки замазученных грунтов

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CN106630180A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-05-10 中国海洋石油总公司 提高化工生产废水生化处理效果的缓释营养剂的制备方法
CN106630180B (zh) * 2016-11-10 2019-05-28 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 提高化工生产废水生化处理效果的缓释营养剂的制备方法

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