WO2014111151A1

WO2014111151A1 - Fatty food or fodder pellets

Info

Publication number: WO2014111151A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/050917
Authority: WO
Inventors: Konrad Munz
Original assignee: Bühler AG
Priority date: 2013-01-18
Filing date: 2013-01-18
Publication date: 2014-07-24

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing fatty food or fodder pellets, comprising the following steps: a) providing or producing a substance which contains a proportion of solids and water, wherein the proportion of solids contains at least one fatty component, in particular at least one oil seed, and the total proportion of fatty component(s) in the proportion of solids is in the range of % by weight to 99 % by weight, preferably from 25 % by weight to 95 % by weight, more preferably from 50 % by weight to 85 % by weight, particularly preferably from 60 % by weight to 80 % by weight; b) cooking the substance; c) removing at least a part of the water contained in the substance; d) forming the substance into pellets. The invention further relates to pellets and compositions comprising such pellets produced by this method and to uses of said pellets or compositions.

Description

Fatty food or feed pellets

The present invention relates to methods of preparing fatty food or feed pellets, food or feed pellets per se, pellet containing compositions and uses of pellets.

Food and feed pellets can contain a variety of in ^¬ halt materials such as fats, starch and proteins. Physiologically particularly valuable are fats containing omega-3 fatty acids. There is thus a need for pellets with the highest possible proportion of such fatty acids. Such fatty acids are contained in oilseeds. For example, flaxseed is about 50% by weight of fat, with 70% by weight of it being omega-3 fatty acids.

It is known to extrude linseed-containing food or feed pellets by means of single-screw extruders. In this process, however, the mass during the extrusion is not sufficiently plasticized due to the high fat content, so that the pellets are mechanically extremely unstable. Furthermore, the high fat content will ensure that the mass in the extruder of the extruder shaft and the inner walls of the housing slides easily from ^¬, so that sufficient mixing is prevented. Furthermore, the pellets produced by the known processes expand greatly after the extrusion, which has a further negative influence on the mechanical stability. In the subsequent drying and transport, they therefore experience a strong abrasion.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, to provide a method for producing fatty food or feed pellets which is as high as possible contain at least one fat-containing component, in particular Minim ^¬ least a oilseed, but which nevertheless are mechanically stable.

This object is achieved on the one hand by a method for producing fatty food or feed pellets, wel ^¬ ches containing the following steps: a) providing or producing a mass containing a solids content and water, wherein the solids content of at least one fatty component , in particular Minim ^¬ least includes an oil seed, and the total proportion of fetthal ^¬ term component (s) in the solids content in the range of 1 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, preferably of 25 wt .-% to 95 wt .-% , more preferably from 50 wt .-% to 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably ^¬ from 60 wt .-% to 80 wt .-%; b) cooking the mass; c) removing at least part of the water contained in the mass; d) shaping the mass into pellets.

In the fatty component is preferably ei ^¬ ne oilseed. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the fat-containing components but, for example, fish meal or meat meal may be. The fat-containing component may have a fat content in the range of 5 to 60% by weight. For example, the fat content of linseed may range from 47 to 57% by weight; the fat content of meat meal may range from 7 to 23% by weight. The maximum proportion of fat-containing component (s) in the mass is limited by its fat content and the binding property of an optional starch-containing substance described in more detail below. The removal of at least a portion of the water in step c) cools the mass and causes it to expand less or not at all during and / or after molding in step d). Due to this cooling, the mass in step b) can be exposed to higher temperatures, so that there is an increased

Plastification of the mass can be achieved. Both the reduction of expansion and the increase in plasticization mean that even in spite of the high fat content mechanically stable pellets can be produced.

The higher the content of the fat-containing component (s) based on the solids content, the higher is obviously the fat content in the pellets produced by the process and thus also the proportion of physiologically valuable omega-3 fatty acids. As has been shown, with the process according to the invention, it is possible to achieve proportions by weight of the fat-containing component (s) in the solids content of up to 95 or even 99% by weight, without the pellets becoming mechanically unstable.

The solids content of the composition provided or prepared in step a) may contain, in addition to the fatty component (s), at least one starch-containing substance. These starch-containing substance ^¬ can lead by cooking in step b) to a sufficient plasticizing binding of the pellets. The starch-containing substance may be, for example, a cereal or a legume. The grain can Wei ^¬ zen, corn, barley, oats, rye, barley, millet, rice or any mixture thereof may or consist thereof. The legume may be, for example, peas (pisum sativum) or field beans. The starchy substance can also be potatoes or manioc. The cereal and / or legume may be used in the form of flour or meal. Legumes such as Erb ^¬ sen, or cereals, potatoes or cassava can be present as pure starch. The amount of starch in the solids content may range from 1% to 80%, preferably from 5% to 60%, more preferably from 10% to 40%, by weight preferably from 10 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% starch, based on the solids content. As tests have shown, a proportion of 10% by weight or even only 1% by weight of starch in the solids content is sufficient for sufficient plasticization and thus for sufficient stability of the pellets. For example, in some embodiments, by a proportion of about 20 to 30 wt .-% peas in the solids content, a starch content of 10 to 15 wt .-% in the solids content can be achieved, which still leads to mecha ^¬ nisch stable pellets. A weight proportion of 95% by weight of the fat-containing component is possible, for example, if the fat-containing component is meat-and-bone flour and the remaining 5% by weight of the solids content is pea starch. Other mechanically stable pellets can also be achieved if, for example, the solids content contains 90% by weight of flaxseed and 10% by weight of erb ^¬ senstärke or 75 wt .-% linseed and 25 wt .-% peas.

The total amount of starch in the composition prepared or provided in step a) may range from 1% to 80%, preferably from 5% to 80%, more preferably 10%, by weight. -% to 50 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 12 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% are.

The temperature of the mass in the cooking in step b) may be at least 100 ° C and is preferably in the range of 100 ° C to 140 ° C, more preferably from 110 ° C to 130 ° C. With such high temperatures sufficient plasticization and thus mechanically stable pellets can be achieved.

The at least partial removal of the water in step c) can take place, for example, by at least partial evaporation and / or evaporation of the water. In particular, the Verduns ^¬ tion and / or evaporation can be effected by means of a negative pressure or reinforced. The negative pressure can be achieved for example with a vacuum pump. Is also a part of the ent ^¬ fernten water vapor may be recycled into the preconditioner, as for example, in WO 97/14312 explained.

Preference is given in step c) 1 wt .-% to 8 wt .-%, more preferably 1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 wt .-% to 4 wt .-% of the contained in the mass Water removed. This proportion can be adjusted by means of a pressure adjusting agent, as described in WO 2006/092070. This pressure setting means may be a retaining work with include the Extru ^¬ the return conveying screw. This can be prevented that together with the removed water and a part of the mass exits. In this way the pressure prevailing in the mass vapor pressure can be regulated, whereby the degree of expansion of the pellets after molding in step d) affects who can ^¬.

The mass flow between steps b) and c) can be regulated by means of an adjustable barrier. With such an adjustable barrier, as described, for example, in WO 2006/092070, the specific mechanical energy introduced during the process can be adjusted by inhibiting the delivery of the compound. In addition, this also allows the temperature in step b) to be set.

As already stated above, the temperature of the ^mass decreases due to the removal of the water. Thus, the temperature ^¬ structure of the mass in step d) in the range from 80 ° C to 110 ° C, be ^¬ vorzugt of 90 ° C to 105 ° C and particularly preferably min ^¬ least 90 ° C but less than 100 ° C be. Temperatures less than or equal to 100 ° C may prevent undesirable expansion of the pellets. At higher temperatures, the vapor pressure ^¬ ren would inflate the parison and weaken the structure, which would result in a lower mechanical bond at high fat and low starch content.

At least the steps b) to d) can be carried out in a Zweiwellenex ^¬ truder. A twin-screw extruder has the advantage over a single-screw extruder used in the known methods that, despite its high fat content, the compound can be conveyed and processed largely independently of the wall friction by the process. For this purpose, a co-rotating twin-screw extruder is particularly suitable, which also also provides for a self-cleaning effect. The forming in step d) can extruder by means of at least one nozzle of two-shaft ^¬.

Step a) may include conditioning in which at least a portion of the solids content, especially at least one fatty component such as an oilseed, is added to water and / or steam. In addition, the resulting mass can already be preheated.

As has been shown, it is sufficient for the process according to the invention if the conditioning is carried out for a period of time which is in the range from 5 s to 200 s, more preferably from 20 s to 120 s and particularly preferably from 20 s to 60 s ,

Preferably has / have the fat-containing component (s) (n), and in particular, the ^¬ an oilseed, in the produced or in step a) provided the mass average particle size of less than 1 mm. The smaller the mean particle size, the ^better any possible digestion-inhibiting substances and enzymes contained in the fat-containing component (s) can be inactivated. For example, flaxseed contains such enzymes to protect against attack by insects. In particular, to achieve such particle sizes, step a) grinding at least one of fatty components, especially at least one of the oil seeds, contained ^¬ th. A milling can for example be accomplished with the aid of at least a hammer mill and / or at least a hammer mill and / or at least one rolling mill , wherein the Vermah ^¬ ment is carried out in particular prior to conditioning.

After step d), the pellets can be dried to make them durable for subsequent storage and transportation. In some cases, immediately after molding in step d), the pellets may still be at such a high temperature that they are fragile. The pellets should be possible scho ^¬ Nend be fed to the drying. For example, if they fall from an extrusion die into a dryer solely due to their gravity, then the drop height should be kept as low as possible. If the pellets are to be transported pneumatically after extrusion, they should be previously cooled, for example to temperatures in the range of 20 ° C to 60 ° C. In this temperature range, the pellets are then sufficiently stable.

The oilseed may be, for example, flaxseed, soy, rapeseed or sunflower. Corn germ and rice bran can also be inactivated and encapsulated in this way.

The invention further relates to food or feed pellets which are he ^¬ hältlich by a process as described above. These pellets differ from known, containing a fatty component pellets by the height ^¬ ren proportion of the fat-containing component and / or by their higher mechanical stability. Thus, for example, the proportion of the fat-containing component (s), in particular in the case of linseed, in the range of 1 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, preferably from 25 wt .-% to 90 wt .-%, more preferably from 50% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably from 60 wt .-% to 80 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the pellets. This proportion depends on the fat content of the fatty components and the starch content of the starchy substance. The fat content can be determined by conventional methods, for example by the Soxhlet method.

Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a composition containing food or feed pellets as described above. The composition may be, for example, a fish food composition, a pet food composition, a feed composition or a food composition.

Finally, the invention also relates to the use of food or feed pellets, which were produced with a method as described above ^¬ NEN, or a composition as described above as fish feed, petfood, as feed or as food.

By the method according to the invention, a partial encapsulation of the fats can be achieved, which reduces their oxidation. For this purpose, a homogeneous mixture of starch and fat achieves a matrix that reduces the exchange of atmospheric oxygen with the labile components of the fat.

In the following the invention with reference to Ausführungsbeispie ^¬ len and two drawings will be explained. Show

FIG. 1 shows a first system for carrying out a method according to the invention;

2 shows a second system for carrying out a method according to the invention. FIG. 1 shows a first installation 10, which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention. The installation 10 ent ^¬ holds three dosage units 11, 14, 17, which up to three different in each case via a funnel 12, 15, 18 and a screw conveyor 13, 16, 19 Availability checked ^¬ gene. Using these metering devices 11, 14, 17 may Solids are introduced through a metering tube 20 into a preconditioner 21. At least one of the solids is a fatty component, namely be ^¬ vorzugt an oilseed, such as linseed, rape, sun flowers ^¬ or soy. According to the invention the solids so do ^¬ Siert that the proportion by weight of the fatty component, the ^¬ particular of the oil seed, based on the total solids content in the range of 1 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, preferably of 25 wt .-% to 95 wt .-%, preferably from 50 wt .-% to 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 60 wt .-% to 80 wt .-% is.

Advantageously, the oil seed provided in one or more of the funnels 12, 15 or 18 has an average particle size of less than 1 mm. In this way, a particularly effective inactivation of any digestive substances or enzymes can be achieved. Such a medium Partikelgrös ^¬ se can be achieved, for example, that the oil seed is previously ground in a grinding unit, not shown here, for example in a hammer mill, a hammer mill o- of a rolling mill.

Except the oil seed one or more starch-containing substances can be incorporated ^¬ filled by one of the metering devices 11, 14 and 17, such as cereals or legumes. The cereals may, for example, be wheat, corn, ^vegetables , rye, barley, millet, oats or rice. The legume may be, for example, peas (pisum sativum) or field beans. The starchy substance can also be potatoes or manioc. The cereals and / or legume may, for example, be be supplied in the form of flour or meal. Legumes such as peas, or cereals, potatoes or manioc can be fed as pure starch. The amount of starch based on the total solids content can be in the range from 1% by weight to 80% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 60% by weight, more preferably from 10% by weight to 40% by weight. %, more preferably from 10 wt .-% to 15 wt .-% are.

In the preconditioner 21, the solids metered in by the metering tube 20 are supplied with water through a water feed line 22 and steam through a steam feed line 23. The Wasserzulei ^¬ tung 22 includes a shutoff valve 24 and a flow meter 25. The steam supply 23 also has a valve 26. In the preconditioner 21 may, for example, be the model BCTC, which is available from Buhler AG, 9240 Uzwil, Switzerland , It has been shown that a suffi ^¬ sponding conditioning can be reached in less than one minute.

After leaving the preconditioner 21, the mass has a Tem ^¬ temperature of about 95 ° C. Through a line 27 it is fed to a StopfSchneckeneinheit 28 which they einfördert in a ^¬ A enters zone 32 of a corotating twin-screw extruder 30 toward ^¬. As a twin-screw extruder 30, for example, the BCTG model from Bühler AG can be used. Through a supply line 29 of the mass during the passage of the StopfSchneckeneinheit 28 further water can be supplied.

The two shafts, not shown here, of the twin-screw extruder 30 are driven by means of a motor 31. In the entry zone 32, the mass has a temperature of 95 ° C. It is ^subsequently heated to a temperature in the range from 110 ° C. to 130 ° C. The heating takes place on the one hand due to the energy input, which is caused by the extruder shafts, as well as due to an additional, not shown here Heater. The temperatures mentioned lead to a boiling of the mass. In addition, there is a plasticization of the starch contained in the mass, which is sufficient to produce mechanically stable pellets.

A fourth extruder section 34 includes a degassing port 35 through which at least a portion of the water contained in the mass can be removed by evaporation. The degassing pipe 35 may have a retaining mechanism with screws, not shown here, in order to prevent that together with the withdrawn steam and the mass itself exits from the two-shaft ^¬ nextruder 30. The degassing pipe 35 is connected to a steam supply pipe 36, a first steam exhaust pipe 37 and a second steam exhaust pipe 38. By opening one of the valves 39, 40 of the mass of water vapor can be withdrawn. This water vapor can then be fed through the first steam discharge line 37 to a solids separator 41. With the help of a vacuum pump 42, a required for the removal of water vapor negative pressure is generated. Condensed liquid can be supplied to a drain 43. By means of a feed line 44, further water can be added to the solids separator 41. The water vapor is separated together with a small amount of dust and aroma components and fed by means of a metering pump 45 as a warm, low solids laden water through a flow meter 46 and a line 47 again the preconditioner 21.

In a third extruder section 33, which is arranged downstream of the inlet zone 32 and upstream of the fourth Extrude ^¬ rabschnitt 34, an adjustable barrier can be provided, as described for example in WO 2006/092070. With such an adjustable barrier, the specific mechanical energy in the cooking zone and so that the prevailing temperature of the mass adjusted ^¬ who.

Due to the removal of water vapor, the temperature of the mass falls within a range of 90 ° C to 105 ° C. In a molding unit 48 containing one or more extrusion dies, the mass can then be formed into pellets. Through a drop tube 49, the pellets at a temperature of about 90 ° C to

110 ° C and a moisture content of 25% to 40% directly to a dryer 50 are supplied. If the pellets should not be sufficiently mechanically stable in the temperature range ge ^¬ called the drop height between mold unit should be minimized corresponding to 48 and dryer 50th

FIG. 2 shows a slightly modified second system 10 '. In this system 10 'reach the exit from the mold unit 48 ^¬ the pellets initially in a cooling device 51, in which they can be cooled to a temperature ranging from 20 ° C to 60 ° C. Using a flow band 52, the pellets can be sorted by hand ^¬ their quality: Either you are directed into a reject bin 53 or fed to a pneumatic conveyor unit 54th

Other additives may also be added to the composition, for example in the preconditioner 21 or in the twin- ^{screw extruder} 30. These additional additives may be, for example, salts, oils, vitamins, antioxidants or other stabilizers which are used in the production of foods, feedstuffs, etc . are suitable.

In detail, pellets with the following formulations were produced with the above-described systems 10, 10 ': Example 1 :

The fat content in this recipe is about 29 wt .-%, the starch content about 18 wt .-%. From this recipe, cuboidal pellets having dimensions of 15 mm × 22 mm × 6 mm for use as horse feed were produced by the method according to the invention. Extrusion was possible without any problems.

Example 2:

In this formulation the fat content was only about 5% by weight and the starch content about 18% by weight. The mixture of linseed and the remaining components was ground with a hammer mill. Example 3:

These ingredients were ground with a hammer mill and extruded according to the method of the present invention, being shaped into bones to serve as pet food. The fat content in this formulation is about 14% by weight, the starch content about 25% by weight.

Example 4:

These ingredients were ground with a hammer mill and extruded according to the process of this invention. The fat content in this recipe is about 36 wt .-%, the starch content about 11 wt .-%. The fat content on dry basis is about 36% and the starch content is about 11%. If the proportion of flaxseed increases the mechanical stability of Pel ^¬ lets reduced.

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing fatty food or feed pellets, comprising the following steps: a) providing or producing a mass which contains a solids content and water, wherein the solids content ^¬ contains at least one fatty component, in particular at least one oilseed and the total amount of the fat-containing component (s) in the solid ^¬ matter content in the range of 1 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, preferably of 25 wt .-% to 95 wt .-%, more preferably of 50 wt .-% to 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 60 wt .-% to 80 wt .-% is; b) cooking the mass; c) removing at least a portion of the ent ^¬ preserved in the mass of water; d) shaping the mass into pellets.

2. Method according to claim 1,

characterized in that

except the oil seed contains at least one strength ^¬ containing substance, the solid portion of or provided in step a) prepared mass, in particular at least one cereal ^¬ de and / or at least one legume.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the proportion of starch in the solids content in the range of 1 wt .-% to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 5 wt .-% to 60 wt .-%, more preferably from 10 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 10 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, based on the solids content.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the temperature of the mass in step b) be ^¬ carries at least 100 ° C and preferably in the range of 100 ° C to 140 ° C, more preferably from 110 ° C to 130 ° C.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

) takes place at least partially removing the water in step c by at least partial evaporation and / or vaporization of the water and in particular with the aid of a sub ^¬ pressure causes or is enhanced.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the temperature of the mass in step d) is lower than the temperature of the mass in step b) and in particular in loading ^¬ rich of 80 ° C to 110 ° C, preferably, from 90 ° C to 105 ° C.

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

at least steps b) to d) are carried out in a particularly co-rotating twin-screw extruder (30) and the shaping in step d) takes place by means of at least one nozzle of the twin-screw extruder (30).

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

Step a) contains a conditioning in which at least a portion of the solids content, in particular at least ei ^¬ ner oilseed, water and / or steam are added.

9. Process according to claim 8,

characterized in that

the conditioning is performed for a period of time in the range from 5 s to 200 s, more preferably from 20 s to 120 s and particularly preferably from 20 s to 60 s.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

in the compound produced in step a) or bereitge ^¬ prepared composition has the oil seed has an average particle size of less than 1 mm.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

The oilseed is selected from the group consisting of flaxseed, rapeseed, soy and sunflower.

12. food or feed pellets, obtainable by a process according to one of claims 1 to 11.

13. food or feed pellets according to claim 12,

characterized in that

the proportion of oilseed in the range of 1 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, preferably from 25 wt .-% to 90 wt .-%, more preferably from 50 wt .-% to 85 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 60% by weight to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the ^pellets .

14. Composition, in particular fish food composition, pet food composition, feed composition or food composition containing food or feed pellets according to one of claims 12 and 13.

15. Use of food or feed pellets according to any one of claims 12 and 13 or a composition according to claim 14 as fish food, pet food, as feed or as food.