WO2014110842A1 - 一种电子标签快速识别的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种电子标签快速识别的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014110842A1
WO2014110842A1 PCT/CN2013/070863 CN2013070863W WO2014110842A1 WO 2014110842 A1 WO2014110842 A1 WO 2014110842A1 CN 2013070863 W CN2013070863 W CN 2013070863W WO 2014110842 A1 WO2014110842 A1 WO 2014110842A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
electronic tag
tag
wake
identification
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PCT/CN2013/070863
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王宏刚
刘会敏
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深圳市中兴长天信息技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2014110842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014110842A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10297—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for rapid identification of electronic tags.
  • Radio Frequency Identification is a non-contact automatic identification technology that automatically identifies target objects and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals.
  • the identification work can be performed in various harsh environments without manual intervention.
  • Radio frequency identification technology can identify high-speed moving objects and recognize multiple labels at the same time, which is quick and easy to operate.
  • the basic working principle of RFID technology is as follows: The reader sends a radio frequency signal to the tag in the electromagnetic field coverage area. After receiving the RF signal from the reader, the tag transmits the product information stored in the chip by the energy obtained by the induced current ( For passive tags or passive tags), or use the energy provided by the battery carried by the tag to send a signal of a certain frequency (for active tags or active tags); active tags can actively send RF signals to the reader. After the reader reads the information and decodes it, it sends it to the application system for data processing to identify the tag and collect data in the field.
  • radio frequency identification systems use different communication methods depending on the specific application and technical requirements.
  • the international standards ISO 18000-6 and ISO 18000-7 respectively specify communication methods for passive radio frequency identification systems operating at 900 MHz and communication methods for active radio frequency identification systems operating at 433 MHz.
  • the active radio frequency identification system defined by the GJB 7377.2-2011 military radio frequency identification air interface protocol operates in the 2.45 GHz band.
  • a radio frequency identification system consists of a reader and a plurality of tags. Therefore, the above communication method is also called a reader inventory tag or a method of identifying a tag in the field of radio frequency identification.
  • the method for communicating between the reader and the tag specified in ISO 18000-6 type C is:
  • the reader initiates an inventory cycle by sending a query command (Query), and after the tag receives the query command, it is randomly selected according to the command parameter Q. Select an integer from 0 to 2 Q -1 and select the transmission of 0.
  • the transmitted tag carries a 16-bit random number RN16 as a temporary identity ID. If the transmission is successful, the ID is used as the identity information to complete the authentication between the reader and the tag.
  • the reader sends a point-to-point command to read the information carried by the tag, such as: EPC (Electronic Product Code), TID (Tag identifier, tag ID 1 ).
  • EPC Electronic Product Code
  • TID Tag identifier, tag ID 1
  • the reader can complete the write operation by command. No successful label was sent, waiting for the next query command (Query) to respond again.
  • the reader adjusts the Q value according to the reception result of the current time slot.
  • the complete inventory process defined by the communication process completes the following three tasks: First, the tag access (also called multi-label anti-collision) is completed by the query command (Query) and related commands; Second, RN16 is used as the temporary identity information for corresponding identity authentication. Third, the reader reads and writes a single tag through commands.
  • the method of communication between the reader and the tag specified in ISO 18000-7 is:
  • the reader sends a specific waveform as a wake-up signal to wake up the tag in the sleep state. After the tag wakes up, it waits to receive a collection command (Collection) sent by the reader. After receiving the collection command, the tag randomly selects a time slice to reply to its own information in a time window according to the parameter (that is, selects one time slot in one frame of the framing time slot ALOHA to transmit its own information). After receiving a time window (or a frame), the reader confirms the successfully transmitted label and further reads the label information, such as UDB (Universal Data Block), and sends a sleep command after the read succeeds.
  • UDB Universal Data Block
  • the tag After receiving the sleep command, the tag enters the sleep state and cannot respond to subsequent collection commands until the next time it is woken up. If the label is not successfully sent, the time slice is reselected and sent in the subsequent time window.
  • the reader adjusts the window size based on what is received within the current time window.
  • a complete inventory process defined by the communication process can be divided into a wake-up period and multiple collection periods.
  • the collection period can be further divided into a synchronization period, a listening period, and a confirmation period. Specifically, during the awake period, the reader sends a wake-up signal for a certain period of time to wake up the sleeping tag.
  • the reader sends a collection command, synchronizes all tags, and listens for replies to the tags during subsequent listening periods (time windows). After the interception is completed, the reader performs a point-to-point read/write operation on the successful label, that is, the confirmation period, and the completed label is put to sleep by the command.
  • the collection period is constantly adjusted and repeated until all labels are counted.
  • the communication method of the reader and the tag specified in G"B 7377.2-2011 is:
  • the tag is usually in a dormant state or periodically sleep/wake state, and the tag must be passed through the external wake-up system before the reader communicates with the tag. Wake up or ensure that the tag is awake, and the communication process between the reader and the tag is divided into a wake-up period, an access period, a collection period, and a session period.
  • the reader sends an access command to the awake tag, and accesses all the awake tags according to a preset anti-collision protocol, and for each accessed tag
  • the sign allocation indicates the collection slot number of the slot position in the collection slot; the reader issues a collection command, and the label collects the command according to the slot position of the collection slot determined by the received slot number received (collection command)
  • the required data is transferred to the reader.
  • the reader makes point-to-point communication with the tag, after which the reader sends a sleep command to put the tag in a sleep state.
  • the tag in the above active radio frequency identification system, the tag usually needs to be in a dormant state outside of the unclear or identification process to save label energy and thereby obtain a longer service life. Therefore, before the tag is identified, a wake-up signal of a certain duration is usually sent to activate the tag and open the tag communication module. When the tag is activated, a predetermined anti-collision protocol or algorithm is usually executed to achieve multi-tag access. After the reader obtains the TID of the tag, it performs bidirectional data interaction with the tag. For the identification of fast motion labels, such a process is somewhat complicated, making the recognition speed unsatisfactory, and even when the label movement speed is high or the communication volume is large, it is difficult to ensure the successful recognition of the label.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in view of the above-mentioned defects of the above-mentioned complicated processing flow, inaccurate recognition speed, and inaccurate identification, the present invention provides a quick identification of an electronic tag with a process flow, a faster recognition speed, and a more accurate identification. Method and device.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is: constructing a method for quickly identifying an electronic tag, comprising the following steps:
  • the control signal includes a label protocol working mode, a communication timing mode, and working channel information;
  • the electronic tag enters a sleep state.
  • the first information includes location information and/or time information in which the tag is located, and the second information further includes information rate or/and modulation mode information.
  • the step D) further includes: D1) waking up the electronic tag;
  • step D2) determining, according to the label protocol working mode information, whether the indicated identification process is a fast identification process, and if yes, performing step D3); otherwise, completing the identification process of the electronic tag according to a general identification process and sending according to a reader request And receiving data, and performing step D5);
  • step D3 determining, according to the communication timing mode information, whether the indicated communication timing mode is an electronic label first transmission mode, and if yes, the electronic label transmits a predetermined format and content on a predetermined frequency channel or a predetermined time channel according to the working channel information. Data, and perform step D5); otherwise, perform step D4);
  • the electronic tag receives the read/write command sent by the reader and confirms that it is a legal command, and returns data according to the instruction of the read/write command or the predetermined content;
  • the electronic tag enters a sleep state.
  • the general identification process is a multi-tag identification protocol flow.
  • the electronic tag enters a sleep state after receiving an externally sent sleep command or enters a sleep state after completing the recognition work according to a preset setting.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the above method for quickly identifying an electronic tag, comprising:
  • Wake-up extraction module configured to receive a wake-up signal and extract wake-up indication information
  • a control signal parsing module configured to receive a control signal and parse the first information and the second information; the second information includes a label protocol working mode, a communication timing mode, and working channel information;
  • the awake determination module is configured to determine, according to the awake indication information, whether to wake up the electronic tag, and store the first information after the waking is not to cause the electronic tag to remain in a dormant state;
  • the wake-up and recognition module is configured to wake up the electronic tag, complete the identification process of the electronic tag according to the identification process indicated by the label protocol working mode information, and send and receive data according to a reader request;
  • Hibernation module used to put the electronic tag into a sleep state.
  • the first information includes location information and/or time information of the tag, and the second information further includes information rate or/and modulation. Way information.
  • the wake-up and recognition module further includes:
  • Wake-up unit used to wake up the electronic tag
  • the identification process judging unit is configured to determine, according to the label protocol working mode information, whether the identification process indicated by the tag protocol is a fast identification process, and if not, complete the identification process of the electronic tag according to a general identification process and send the message according to a reader request Receive data;
  • a timing determining unit configured to determine, according to the communication timing mode information, whether the indicated communication timing mode is an electronic label first transmission mode, and if the electronic label is sent according to the working channel information on a predetermined frequency channel or a predetermined time channel Data of predetermined format and content;
  • a reply unit configured to: after the electronic tag receives the read/write command sent by the reader and confirms that it is a legal command, and returns data according to the instruction of the read/write command or the predetermined content;
  • Sleep unit used to put the electronic tag into a sleep state.
  • the general identification process is a multi-tag identification protocol flow.
  • the electronic tag In the device for implementing the method for quickly identifying the electronic tag, the electronic tag enters a sleep state after receiving an externally sent sleep command or enters a sleep state after completing the recognition work according to a preset setting.
  • the method and device for implementing the rapid identification of the electronic tag of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: Since the electronic tag in the sleep state receives the wake-up signal and the control signal, and extracts the wake-up indication information in the wake-up signal, the control signal is parsed to obtain the first a message and a second information; determining, according to the wakeup indication information, whether to wake up the electronic tag, if the electronic tag is awakened, after the electronic tag is activated, the identification process of the electronic tag is completed according to the identification process indicated by the label protocol working mode information and is read according to the reading
  • the device requires sending and receiving data.
  • the electronic tag After the communication is completed, the electronic tag enters a sleep state; if not, the first information is stored and continues to be in a dormant state; the entire identification process is relatively simple, so the processing flow is single, and the recognition speed is Faster and more accurate.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method and a device for quickly identifying an electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a specific flowchart of the identification of an electronic tag after wake-up;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the device in the embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a wake-up and recognition module in the embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of an active radio frequency system in the embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an electronic tag in the embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a wake-up control module in the embodiment.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of the fast identification of a 2.45 GHz active radio frequency identification system in the described embodiment.
  • Step S01 receives a wake-up signal and extracts wake-up indication information:
  • the method of the embodiment is applied to Active RFID systems, for example: Active EMI operating systems operating at 433 MHz or active RFID systems operating at 2.45 GHz as specified in GJB 7377.2-2011.
  • Active electronic tags usually carry batteries. The energy required for the operation of the tag (active electronic tag) comes from the battery. To save energy, the tag is usually in a periodic sleep/wake state or is in a sleep state for long periods of time unless the external wake-up signal will The tag wakes up.
  • the tag in the periodic sleep/wake state only stops the periodic sleep and enters the working state when it is in the awake state and hears the command from the reader, and completes the recognition process according to the command of the reader, and then according to the sleep command. Enters the sleep state and returns to the periodic sleep/wake state.
  • Tags that are in a long-term sleep state can save energy, but require an external wake-up system to wake up, wake up the tag when it needs to identify the tag, and communicate with the reader to complete the recognition process, depending on the reader's sleep.
  • the command enters a long-term sleep state. Since the active electronic tag carries a battery, it has sufficient energy and a large transmitting power, and thus is generally used to identify some large objects and can realize rapid recognition of distant objects.
  • a more typical application is to apply an active RFID system to a logistics system or vehicle management system, that is, to attach an active electronic tag to each vehicle, which can be used in the vehicle. Quickly identify the tag in the process to get information about the item loaded on the vehicle.
  • the wake-up signal is received and the wake-up indication information is extracted, that is, the electronic tag in the dormant state receives the wake-up signal and recognizes, verifies, and parses the wake-up indication information, and extracts the wake-up indication information according to the wake-up indication information.
  • the carrier of the wake-up signal in this embodiment operates in the 125 kHz band.
  • the information data contained in the wake-up signal is transmitted frame by frame in the form of a data frame.
  • the waveform of the wake-up signal is identified, and information such as an identity ID, a password, or a key carried in the data frame is verified to confirm the legal identity.
  • Step S02 receives the control signal and parses it to obtain the first information and the second information:
  • the control signal is received and parsed to obtain the first information and the second information, specifically, when the electronic tag receives the control signal
  • the data of the control signal is parsed and converted into the first information and the second information.
  • the second information is the signaling information, and the second information includes the label protocol working mode, the communication timing mode, and The working channel information, the second information also includes other communication parameters, such as: communication parameter information rate and modulation mode information.
  • the first information is time location information, which includes location information or/and time information in which the tag is located, and other information that needs to be saved by the tag.
  • the first information is part of related information carried in the data frame.
  • the wake-up signal and the control signal may be included in the same data frame, or may be sent in different data frames, but the wake-up signal must be sent first, and then the control signal is sent.
  • the data frame contains at least part of the frame preamble, synchronization, frame length, frame control word and data, and may also include the frame back.
  • the frame control word of the transmitted data frame contains the excitation type (described later), the transmission period, the wake-up indication information, and other control parameters.
  • the data part contains the excitation controller ID (described later), the target label information, and the identity. Authentication information, protocol working mode information, and other command information.
  • the specific information content of each part of the data frame can be adjusted according to the specific system. It is worth mentioning that the excitation controller (described later) can send wake-up signals and control signals to the tag multiple times at different times or at different locations.
  • Step S03 according to the awake indication information, whether to wake up the electronic tag: the awake indication information may indicate whether the electronic tag is in a normal working state, in this step, determining whether to wake up the electronic tag according to the awake indication information, if the result of the determination is yes, step S05; If the result of the determination is no, step S04 is performed.
  • Step S04 after the first information is stored, the electronic tag continues to be in a dormant state: if the above step S03 If the result of the determination is no, that is, the electronic tag is not awake, this step is performed.
  • the electronic tag continues to be in a dormant state, and the first information includes location information and/or time information where the tag is located, and other information that needs to be saved by the tag.
  • Step S05 waking up the electronic tag, completing the identification process of the electronic tag according to the identification process indicated by the working mode information of the tag protocol, and transmitting and receiving the data according to the request of the reader: If the result of the above step S03 is YES, the electronic tag is awakened, then execution is performed.
  • This step In this step, the electronic tag is awakened to be in a normal working state, and the identification process of the electronic tag is completed according to the identification process indicated by the working mode information of the label protocol.
  • a fast identification process and a general identification process are provided, and the general identification process is provided.
  • the general identification process is provided for the multi-tag identification protocol process, there are many options for the general identification process.
  • it can be the protocol process defined by the GJB 7377.2-2011 standard, or it can be the protocol process defined by the standard ISO 18000-6 or ISO 18000-7. .
  • a certain identification process can be selected accordingly, and then the identification process of the electronic tag is performed according to the selected identification process, and the data is transmitted and received as required by the reader. How to specifically identify them will be described later.
  • Step S06 The electronic tag enters the sleep state: After the electronic tag completes the task, in this step, the electronic tag enters a sleep state.
  • the electronic tag enters the sleep state after receiving the sleep command sent from the outside or enters the sleep state after completing the recognition work according to the preset setting.
  • step S05 can be further refined, and the detailed flowchart of the refinement is shown in FIG. 2, and in FIG. 2, it further includes:
  • Step S501 Wake up the electronic tag: In this step, the electronic tag in the sleep state is woken up.
  • Step S502 determining, according to the working mode information of the label protocol, whether the identification process indicated by the label is a fast identification process. In this step, determining whether the indicated identification process is a fast identification process according to the working mode information of the label protocol, and if the result of the determination is If yes, go to step S504; if the result of the judgment is no, go to step S503.
  • Step S503 completing the identification process of the electronic tag according to the general identification process and transmitting and receiving the data according to the reader request: If the determination result of the above step S502 is no, that is, the identification process indicated by the label protocol working mode information is a general identification process, then execution is performed. This step. In this step, the identification process of the electronic tag is completed according to the general identification process.
  • the general identification process is determined by the GJB 7377.2-2011 standard.
  • the protocol process of the right of course, in other cases of this embodiment, the general identification process may also be a protocol process defined by the standard ISO 18000-6 or ISO 18000-7. It will not be described in detail here.
  • Step S504 determining, according to the communication timing mode information, whether the indicated communication timing mode is an electronic label first transmission mode: If the determination result of step S503 is YES, that is, the identification process indicated by the label protocol working mode information is a fast identification process, Perform this step. In this step, it is determined whether the indicated communication timing mode is the electronic label first transmission mode according to the communication timing mode information. If the result of the determination is yes, step S505 is performed; if the result of the determination is no, step S506 is performed.
  • Step S505 The electronic tag transmits data of a predetermined format and content on the predetermined frequency channel or the predetermined time channel according to the working channel information: if the result of the above step S504 is YES, the step is performed. In this step, the electronic tag transmits data of a predetermined format and content on the predetermined frequency channel or the predetermined time channel according to the working channel information, specifically, the electronic tag replies on the predetermined or specified channel according to the working channel information provided in the second information. TID and other predetermined or specified information. The working channel information is used to specify the frequency information or time slot information used by the tag reply reader. After performing this step, step S507 is performed.
  • Step S506 After receiving the read/write command sent by the reader and confirming that it is a legal command, the electronic tag returns data according to the instruction of the read/write command or the predetermined content: If the result of the above step S504 is no, the communication timing mode is the reader. First, perform this step. In this step, the tag first receives the identification command sent by the reader. After confirming that the identification command is a legal command, the tag returns data according to the indication or the predetermined content of the identification command, that is, the tag receives the identification command sent from the reader. Parsing the command parameters and replying to the TID and other information in accordance with the channel and communication parameters specified or predetermined by the identification command.
  • the communication interaction between the tag and the reader can be multiple times.
  • the reader can send the recognition command multiple times, and the tag can reply multiple times; the tag can also actively reply multiple times and wait for the confirmation message of the reader to be received.
  • the specific parameter information can be set in the second information, or can be set by the reader command parameter.
  • step S507 is performed.
  • the embodiment further relates to an apparatus for implementing the above method, and a schematic structural diagram thereof is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the apparatus includes a wakeup extraction module 1, a control signal analysis module 2, a wakeup determination module 3, and a wakeup and recognition module 4.
  • the wakeup extraction module 1 is configured to receive the wakeup signal and extract the wakeup indication information
  • the control signal parsing module 2 is configured to receive the control signal and parse the first information and the second information
  • the information includes a label protocol working mode, a communication timing mode, and working channel information.
  • the wakeup determining module 3 is configured to determine whether to wake up the electronic tag according to the wakeup indication information, and store the first information after the wakeup is not made to keep the electronic tag to remain in a dormant state;
  • the wake-up and recognition module 4 is configured to wake up the electronic tag, complete the identification process of the electronic tag according to the identification process indicated by the label protocol working mode information, and send and receive data according to the reader request;
  • the hibernation module 5 is configured to put the electronic tag into a sleep state.
  • the first information includes location information and/or time information in which the tag is located, and the second information further includes information rate or/and modulation mode information.
  • the wake-up and recognition module 4 further includes a wake-up unit 41, a recognition flow determining unit 42, a timing determining unit 43, a replying unit 44, and a sleeping unit 45; wherein the wake-up unit 41 is used to wake up
  • the identification process judging unit 42 is configured to judge whether the identification process indicated by the tag protocol working mode information is a fast identification process according to the tag protocol working mode information, and if not, complete the identification process of the electronic tag according to the general identification process and send and receive according to the reader request.
  • the timing determining unit 43 is configured to determine, according to the communication timing mode information, whether the indicated communication timing mode is an electronic label first mode, and if so, the electronic tag transmits the predetermined format and content on the predetermined frequency channel or the predetermined time channel according to the working channel information.
  • the data recovery unit 44 is configured to: after the electronic tag receives the read/write command sent by the reader and confirms that it is a legal command, the data is returned according to the instruction of the read/write command or the predetermined content; the sleeping unit 45 is configured to put the electronic tag into the sleep state. status.
  • the general identification process is a multi-tag identification protocol process; the electronic tag enters a sleep state after receiving a sleep command sent by an external (eg, a reader or an excitation controller) or according to a preset After completing the identification work, go to sleep state by yourself.
  • an external eg, a reader or an excitation controller
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an active radio frequency system in the embodiment.
  • the active radio frequency identification system includes a reader 01, an excitation controller 02, and an electronic tag 03.
  • the more comprehensive system should also include an application system and a connection read.
  • the reader 01 and the excitation controller 03 can be interconnected by a wired network or other wireless network, or can work independently. In actual system deployment Multiple readers and multiple excitation controllers are allowed to exist at the same time. These readers and excitation controllers can be interconnected by network, cooperate with each other, or work independently locally.
  • the electronic tag 03 is connected to the reader 01 and the excitation controller 02, respectively, and the reader 01 and the electronic tag 03 generally operate on a UHF channel, for example, a 2.45 GHz band, specifically, 2.405 GHz to 2.480 GHz.
  • the excitation controller 02 can operate in a low frequency band, for example: a 125 kHz band, or a UHF band, for example: a 915 MHz band, or other frequency band different from the communication between the electronic tag 03 and the reader 01.
  • the signal propagation mode of the excitation controller 02 is not limited to low frequency or ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves, and may also be induced by an infrared signal or a sensor to an environmental signal.
  • the reader 01 and the electronic tag 03 operate at 2.45 GHz
  • the excitation controller 02 operates in the 125 kHz band (the operating frequency can be around 125 kHz)
  • the electronic tag 03 has the basic functions of a general active radio frequency identification tag. Supports periodic self-wake, also supports external wake-up, supports multi-label anti-collision algorithm and two-way data communication with reader 01.
  • the electronic tag 03 in this embodiment has the functions defined by the standard GJB 7377.2-2011, of course, in this In some cases of embodiments, the electronic tag may have other standard defined functions, such as those defined by standard ISO 18000-6 or ISO 18000-7.
  • the electronic tag 03 includes a wake-up control module 31, a storage module 32, a central processing and control module 33, a wireless transceiver module 34, and a power module 35; 35 supplies power to the wake-up control module 31, the central processing and control module 33, and the wireless transceiver module 34, respectively, for temporarily or permanently storing data from the wake-up control module 31, the central processing and control module 33, and the wireless transceiver module 34.
  • the wireless transceiver module 34 is configured to transmit and receive wireless signals
  • the central processing and control module 33 is configured to process information received from the wake-up control module 31, the storage module 32, and the wireless transceiver module 34, and control the operation of each of the above modules.
  • the information exchange between the modules; the wake-up control module 31 receives the wake-up signal and the control signal sent from the excitation controller 02, and identifies, verifies, and analyzes the received wake-up signal to extract wake-up indication information, and analyzes the control signal.
  • Information and the second information (signaling information) is output to the central processing and control module 33, control module 33 and the central processing module 35 controls the power supply to power wireless transceiver module 34, so as to activate the electronic tag 03 is active.
  • the first information is stored in the storage module 32, and the storage module 32 is controlled by the wake control module 31 or the central processing and control module 33 to perform the storage operation.
  • the wireless transceiver module 34 is turned on. When the electronic tag 03 is not awake, the wireless transceiver module 34 is not powered and cannot operate.
  • the wake-up control module 31 includes a signal receiving module 311 and a signal processing module 312.
  • the signal receiving module 311 may include one or more different types of signals. Receiver, for example: low frequency receiver in the 125 kHz band (LF receiver), or 915 MHz UHF receiver (UHF receiver;), or infrared receiver, or a specific sensor interface, prior art
  • LF receiver low frequency receiver in the 125 kHz band
  • UHF receiver 915 MHz UHF receiver
  • infrared receiver or a specific sensor interface
  • the medium interface is relatively simple, and the system is more flexible than the prior art.
  • the signal receiving module 311 receives the wake-up signal and the control signal, demodulates the wake-up signal and the control signal, restores the information, and transmits the restored information to the signal processing module 312 in a unified format.
  • the signal processing module 312 parses the information output by the signal receiving module 311, and executes a command or a predetermined command included in the information, for example, outputs the wakeup indication information to the central processing and control module 33, or stores related received information, or Output protocol working mode, communication timing mode, working channel and other parameters.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the fast identification of the 2.45 GHz active radio frequency identification system in the embodiment.
  • the radio frequency identification system includes an application system, a reader, an excitation controller, and a label, wherein the reader and the excitation control
  • the application and application system are in turn interconnected by a computer network.
  • the excitation controller operates at 125 kHz
  • the reader and tag operate in the 2.45 GHz band
  • the tag is attached to the vehicle as shown in Figure 8.
  • the process of quickly identifying the tag using the method provided by the present invention is performed as follows:
  • the excitation controller periodically transmits the wake-up signal and the control signal, for example: the frame length is 50 ms, and the transmission period is 80 ms.
  • the wake-up signal and control signal contain the excitation controller ID: "1#"; Protocol working mode: Fast identification process; Communication timing mode: Label first; Channel information: Channel 0 ( 2.405GHz); Label reply information: TID.
  • the tag in the sleep state successfully receives the wake-up signal and the control signal sent by the excitation controller by the signal receiving module 311 (wake-up signal receiver), and the tag is awakened, and the tag is internal.
  • the wake-up control module 31 separately performs identification extraction and parsing on the wake-up signal and the control signal, and sends the second information (signaling information) to the central processing and control module 33 inside the tag, selects a fast identification process, and selects a label-first mode. , therefore, the tag is sent to the reader TID on channel 0. information.
  • the reader After receiving the TID information sent by the tag, the reader sends an acknowledgement message to the tag, and simultaneously sends a sleep command to the tag, and the tag enters a sleep state after receiving the acknowledgement message and the sleep command.
  • active RFID systems usually have a long communication distance, and the wake-up distance is usually close. Therefore, as shown in Figure 8, the tag at location A is woken up and the control signal is successfully received, and the communication between the reader and the tag can be maintained to position B, depending on the transmit power of the reader and tag, location A and location B. The distance between them (also called the recognition range) varies from a few hundred meters to several hundred meters.
  • tag usage typically has the following characteristics: Vehicles (portable tags) typically require high-speed identification through an identification area that has only one vehicle (single tag) for a period of time.
  • the method provided by the present invention has a simpler processing process and provides multiple interfaces, so that not only the label passing speed in the scenario is improved, but also the reliability of the system identification and the flexibility of the protocol are improved.
  • the method provided by this embodiment can also identify multiple tags.
  • the active radio frequency identification system includes at least a reader 01, an excitation controller 02, and an electronic tag 03.
  • the excitation controller 02 transmits a wake-up signal and a control signal to the electronic tag 03
  • the wake-up control module 31 in the electronic tag 03 can receive the wake-up signal and the control signal from the excitation controller 02 and separately perform the identification extraction and analysis thereof.
  • the wake-up control module 31 outputs the wake-up indication information and wakes up the electronic tag 03 (turns on the wireless transceiver module 34), and transmits the signaling information carried by the control signal to the wireless transceiver module 34 through the central processing and control module 33.
  • the electronic tag 03 communicates with the reader 01 in accordance with the communication parameters specified by the second information (signaling information) and the predetermined communication protocol. After the communication is completed (identification is completed), the electronic tag 03 receives the sleep command or the stimulus control of the reader 01. The sleep indication information of the device 02 is restored to the sleep state or is automatically put into the sleep state.
  • the identification method provided by the embodiment can identify tags faster and more accurately, and can support more communication content and protocol working methods for the identification of some fast moving tags. Effective, for example: Identification of vehicle tags, which can effectively improve the speed of moving labels, and make the system more versatile and more flexible.
  • the identification method can not only process a single tag quickly, but also perform a general multi-tag identification process as described above, as mentioned in the patent application "Method and Apparatus for Multi-tag Access Reader (Application No.: 201010619525.5)” Methods.
  • Methods for Multi-tag Access Reader (Application No.: 201010619525.5).
  • it is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电子标签快速识别的方法，包括如下步骤：接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来；接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信息；所述第二信息包括标签协议工作方式、通信时序模式和工作信道信息；依据所述唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒所述电子标签，如不是，将所述第一信息存储后使所述电子标签继续保持休眠状态；唤醒所述电子标签，依据所述标签协议工作方式信息所指示的识别流程完成所述电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据；所述电子标签进入休眠状态。本发明还涉及一种实现上述方法的装置。实施本发明的电子标签快速识别的方法及装置，具有以下有益效果：处理流程简单、识别速度较快、识别较准确。

Description

一种电子标签快速识别的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域， 更具体地说， 涉及一种电子标签快速识别的方法 及装置。
背景技术
射频识别 ( RFID, Radio Frequency Identify )是一种非接触式的自动识别技术， 它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据， 识别工作无须人工干预， 可 工作于各种恶劣环境。 射频识别技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签， 操作快捷方便。 射频识别技术的基本工作原理如下： 阅读器向其电磁场覆盖区中 的标签发送射频信号， 标签接收阅读器发出的射频信号后， 凭借感应电流所获得 的能量发送出存储在芯片中的产品信息（对于无源标签或被动标签）， 或者利用标 签携带的电池所提供的能量发送某一频率的信号（对于有源标签或主动标签）； 有 源标签可主动向阅读器发送射频信号。 阅读器读取信息并解码后， 送至应用系统 进行有关数据处理， 以达到对场区内标签的识别和数据收集。
目前， 不同的射频识别系统根据具体应用和技术要求不同而采用不同的通信 方法。 比如， 国际标准 ISO 18000-6和 ISO 18000-7分别规范了工作在 900MHz的无 源射频识别系统的通信方法和工作在 433MHz的有源射频识别系统的通信方法。在 我国 GJB 7377.2-2011军用射频识别空中接口协议定义的有源射频识别系统工作于 2.45GHz频段。
一般地， 一个射频识别系统由一个阅读器和多个标签组成， 因此， 上述的通 信方法在射频识别领域也称为阅读器清点标签或识别标签的方法。 具体地， 在 ISO 18000-6 type C 中规定的阅读器与标签通信的方法是： 阅读器通过发送查询命令 (Query)发起一个清点周期， 标签收到该查询命令后， 根据命令参数 Q随机在 0到 2Q-1 范围内选择一个整数， 选 0 的发送。 发送的标签同时携带一个 16位随机数 RN16作为临时身份 ID, 若发送成功， 以此 ID为身份信息完成阅读器与标签之间 的鉴别。 鉴别成功后， 阅读器发送点到点的命令读取标签携带的信息， 例如： EPC ( Electronic Product Code,电子物品编码）、 TID ( Tag identifier, 标签识另1 J号）等。 此外， 阅读器可以通过命令完成写操作。 没有发送成功的标签， 等待下一个查询 命令（Query )重新响应。 阅读器根据当前时隙的接收结果调整 Q值。 总体而言， 该通信过程所定义的一次完整的清点过程完成了以下三个任务： 第一， 通过查询 命令 ( Query )及相关命令完成标签的接入（也称为多标签防碰撞 ); 第二， 以 RN16 为临时身份信息进行相应的身份鉴别； 第三， 阅读器通过命令对单个标签进行读 写操作。
具体地， 在 ISO 18000-7中规定的阅读器与标签通信的方法是： 阅读器发送特 定的波形作为唤醒信号， 唤醒处于休眠状态的标签。 标签被唤醒后， 等待接收阅 读器发送的收集命令（Collection )。 标签收到该收集命令后， 根据参数随机地在一 个时间窗口内选择一个时间片回复自己的信息 （也就是选择成帧的时隙 ALOHA中 一个帧内的一个时隙发送自己的信息）。阅读器接收完一个时间窗口（或一帧）后， 对发送成功的标签进行确认， 同时进一步读取标签信息， 比如 UDB ( Universal Data Block,通用数据块）， 读取成功后发送休眠命令， 该标签收到休眠命令后， 进入休眠 状态， 无法响应后续收集命令， 直到下次被唤醒后。 没有发送成功的标签， 在后 续的时间窗内重新选择时间片并发送。 阅读器根据当前时间窗内接收的情况调整 窗口大小。 总体而言， 该通信过程所定义的一次完整的清点过程可筒要划分为一 个唤醒期和多个收集期。 收集期又可以分为同步期、侦听期和确认期。具体来讲， 在唤醒期， 阅读器发送一定时长的唤醒信号， 以唤醒处于休眠的标签。在收集期， 阅读器发送收集命令， 同步所有标签， 并在后续侦听期 （时间窗口） 内侦听标签 的回复。 侦听结束后， 阅读器对成功的标签进行点到点的读写操作， 也就是确认 期， 操作完毕的标签通过命令转入休眠。 该收集期不断调整和重复直到所有标签 都清点完毕。
具体地， 在 G」B 7377.2-2011中规定的阅读器与标签的通信方法是： 标签通常 处于休眠状态或者周期性休眠 /苏醒状态， 在阅读器与标签通信之前， 必须通过外 部唤醒系统将标签唤醒或者保证标签在苏醒状态， 阅读器与标签的通信过程分为 唤醒期、接入期、收集期和会话期。 阅读器向处于唤醒状态的标签发送接入命令， 并按照事先设定的防碰撞协议， 使所有已唤醒的标签接入， 并为每个已接入的标 签分配表示其在收集时隙中时隙位置的收集时隙编号； 阅读器发出收集命令， 标 签按照其接收到的收集时隙编号所决定的收集时隙的时隙位置将收集指令（收集 命令）要求的数据传输到阅读器。 在会话期阅读器与标签进行点到点的通信， 之 后， 阅读器发送休眠命令使得标签处于休眠状态。
可以看到， 在上述有源射频识别系统中， 标签在不清点或识别过程之外时通 常需要处于休眠状态， 以节省标签能量， 从而获得更长的使用寿命。 因此， 在对 标签进行识别之前， 通常会发送一定时长的唤醒信号， 以激活标签， 打开标签通 信模块。 当标签被激活后， 通常会执行一个预定的防碰撞协议或算法， 以达到多 标签的接入， 之后当读写器获得标签的 TID后， 再与标签进行双向的数据交互。 对 于快速运动标签的识别， 这样的处理流程有些复杂， 使得识别速度不快， 甚至当 标签运动速度高或者通信量大时， 很难保证标签的成功识别。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于， 针对现有技术的上述处理流程复杂、 识别速 度不快、 识别不准确的缺陷， 提供一种处理流程筒单、 识别速度较快、 识别较准 确的电子标签快速识别的方法及装置。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是： 构造一种电子标签快速识别的 方法， 包括如下步骤：
A )接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来；
B )接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信息； 所述第二信息包 括标签协议工作方式、 通信时序模式和工作信道信息；
C )依据所述唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒所述电子标签， 如是， 执行步骤 D ); 否则， 将所述第一信息存储后使所述电子标签继续保持休眠状态；
D ) 唤醒所述电子标签， 依据所述标签协议工作方式信息所指示的识别流 程完成所述电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据；
E )所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
在本发明所述的电子标签快速识别的方法中， 所述第一信息包括标签所处的 位置信息或 /和时间信息， 所述第二信息还包括信息速率或 /和调制方式信息。 在本发明所述的电子标签快速识别的方法中， 所述步骤 D )进一步包括： D1 ) 唤醒所述电子标签；
D2 )依据所述标签协议工作方式信息判断其所指示的识别流程是否为快 速识别流程， 如是， 执行步骤 D3 ); 否则， 按照一般识别流程完成所述电子标签 的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据， 并执行步骤 D5 );
D3 )依据所述通信时序模式信息判断其所指示的通信时序模式是否为电 子标签先发模式， 如是， 所述电子标签依据所述工作信道信息在预定频率信道或 预定时间信道发送预定格式和内容的数据，并执行步骤 D5 );否则，执行步骤 D4 );
D4 )所述电子标签接收阅读器发送的读写命令并确认为是合法命令后， 依据所述读写命令的指示或预定的内容回复数据；
D5 )所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
在本发明所述的电子标签快速识别的方法中， 所述一般识别流程为多标签识 别协议流程。
在本发明所述的电子标签快速识别的方法中， 所述电子标签收到外部发送的 休眠命令后进入休眠状态或按照预先设定的完成识别工作后自行进入休眠状态。
本发明还涉及一种实现上述电子标签快速识别的方法的装置， 包括：
唤醒提取模块： 用于接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来；
控制信号解析模块： 用于接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信 息； 所述第二信息包括标签协议工作方式、 通信时序模式和工作信道信息；
唤醒判断模块： 用于依据所述唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒所述电子标签， 并在不唤醒时将所述第一信息存储后使所述电子标签继续保持休眠状态；
唤醒及识别模块： 用于唤醒所述电子标签， 依据所述标签协议工作方式信 息所指示的识别流程完成所述电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数 据；
休眠模块： 用于使所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
在本发明所述的实现上述电子标签快速识别的方法的装置中， 所述第一信息 包括标签所处的位置信息或 /和时间信息， 所述第二信息还包括信息速率或 /和调制 方式信息。
在本发明所述的实现上述电子标签快速识别的方法的装置中， 所述唤醒及识 别模块进一步包括：
唤醒单元： 用于唤醒所述电子标签；
识别流程判断单元： 用于依据所述标签协议工作方式信息判断其所指示的 识别流程是否为快速识别流程， 如不是， 按照一般识别流程完成所述电子标签的 识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据；
时序判断单元： 用于依据所述通信时序模式信息判断其所指示的通信时序 模式是否为电子标签先发模式， 如是， 所述电子标签依据所述工作信道信息在预 定频率信道或预定时间信道发送预定格式和内容的数据；
回复单元： 用于在所述电子标签接收阅读器发送的读写命令并确认为是合 法命令后， 依据所述读写命令的指示或预定的内容回复数据；
休眠单元： 用于使所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
在本发明所述的实现上述电子标签快速识别的方法的装置中， 所述一般识别 流程为多标签识别协议流程。
在本发明所述的实现上述电子标签快速识别的方法的装置中， 所述电子标签 收到外部发送的休眠命令后进入休眠状态或按照预先设定的完成识别工作后自行 进入休眠状态。
实施本发明的电子标签快速识别的方法及装置， 具有以下有益效果： 由于处 于休眠状态的电子标签接收唤醒信号和控制信号， 并将唤醒信号中的唤醒指示信 息提取出来， 将控制信号解析得到第一信息和第二信息； 依据唤醒指示信息判断 是否唤醒所述电子标签， 如果唤醒电子标签， 则在电子标签激活后依据标签协议 工作方式信息所指示的识别流程完成电子标签的识别过程并按照阅读器要求发送 和接收数据， 通信完毕后电子标签进入休眠状态； 如果不唤醒， 则将第一信息进 行存储并继续保持休眠状态；上述整个识别过程较为筒单，所以其处理流程筒单、 识别速度较快、 识别较准确。
附图说明 图 1是本发明电子标签快速识别的方法及装置实施例中方法的流程图； 图 2是所述实施例中电子标签唤醒后识别的具体的流程图；
图 3是所述实施例中装置的结构示意图；
图 4是所述实施例中唤醒及识别模块的结构示意图；
图 5是所述实施例中有源射频系统的结构示意图；
图 6是所述实施例中电子标签的结构示意图；
图 7是所述实施例中唤醒控制模块的结构示意图；
图 8是所述实施例中对 2.45GHz有源射频识别系统快速识别的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域的普通技术人员能够理解并实施本发明， 下面将结合附图对 本发明实施例作进一步说明。
在本发明电子标签快速识别的方法及装置实施例中， 其方法的流程图如图 1 所示， 该方法包括： 步骤 S01接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来： 本实施例的方法应用于 有源射频识别系统， 例如： 工作于 433MHz 的有源射频识别系统或满足 GJB 7377.2-2011中规定的工作于 2.45GHz的有源射频识别系统。 有源电子标签通常携 带电池， 标签（有源电子标签） 工作所需能量来自于电池供电， 为了节省能量消 耗， 标签通常处于周期性休眠 /唤醒状态或者长期处于休眠状态， 除非外界的唤醒 信号将标签唤醒。 处于周期性休眠 /唤醒状态的标签， 只有当其在唤醒状态并侦听 到来自阅读器的命令时才停止周期性休眠而进入工作状态， 并依据阅读器的命令 完成识别过程，之后依据休眠命令进入休眠状态，并恢复到周期性休眠 /唤醒状态。 处于长期休眠状态的标签可以更好地节省能量， 但需要外部的唤醒系统进行唤醒， 在需要识别标签时将标签唤醒， 并使其与阅读器进行通信， 完成识别过程后， 依 据阅读器的休眠命令进入长期休眠状态。 由于有源电子标签携带电池， 有较为充 足的能量和较大的发射功率， 因而通常用来标识一些大物体， 并能够实现对远距 离物体的快速识别。 例如： 较为典型的应用就是将有源射频识别系统应用于物流 系统或车辆管理系统， 也就是为每个车辆贴上有源电子标签， 可以在车辆行驶过 程中快速识别标签， 从而获得车辆装载物品的信息。 本步骤中， 接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来， 也即处于休眠状态的 电子标签接收唤醒信号并对其进行识别、 验证和解析后将唤醒指示信息提取出来， 根据唤醒指示信息可判断是否唤醒电子标签。 本实施例中的唤醒信号的载波工作 于 125kHz频段,在发送时，唤醒信号所包含的信息数据以数据帧的形式逐帧发送。 具体而言， 当电子标签收到唤醒信号后对该唤醒信号的波形进行识别， 并验证数 据帧中携带的身份 ID、 口令或密钥等信息， 以确认合法身份。
步骤 S02接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信息： 本步骤中， 接 收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信息， 具体来讲， 当电子标签收到控 制信号后， 对该控制信号的数据进行解析， 并将其转换成第一信息和第二信息， 本实施例中， 第二信息也就是信令信息， 第二信息包括标签协议工作方式、 通信 时序模式和工作信道信息， 第二信息还包括其它通信参数， 例如： 通信参数信息 速率和调制方式信息。 第一信息为时间位置信息， 其包括标签所处的位置信息或 / 和时间信息， 以及其它需要标签保存的信息， 第一信息为数据帧中所携带的相关 信息的一部分。
值得一提的是， 本实施例中， 唤醒信号与控制信号可以包含在同一个数据帧 中发送， 也可分在不同的数据帧中发送， 但必须先发送唤醒信号， 后发送控制信 号。 数据帧至少包含帧前导、 同步、 帧长度、 帧控制字和数据等部分， 也可以包 含帧后导。 发送数据帧的帧控制字包含了激励类型 （后面会有描述）、 发送周期、 唤醒指示信息和其它控制参数等，数据部分包含了激励控制器 ID (后面会有描述 )、 目标标签信息、 身份认证信息、 协议工作方式信息和其它命令信息等。 数据帧各 个部分的具体信息内容可根据具体系统进行调整。值得一提的是， 激励控制器（后 面会有描述）可以在不同时间或不同位置多次向标签发送唤醒信号与控制信号。
步骤 S03依据唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒电子标签： 唤醒指示信息可指示电 子标签是否处于正常工作状态， 本步骤中， 依据唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒电子 标签， 如果判断的结果为是， 执行步骤 S05; 如果判断的结果为否， 则执行步骤 S04。
步骤 S04 将第一信息存储后使电子标签继续保持休眠状态：如果上述步骤 S03 的判断结果为否， 即不唤醒电子标签， 则执行本步骤。 本步骤中， 将第一信息存 储后使电子标签继续保持休眠状态， 第一信息包括标签所处的位置信息或 /和时间 信息， 以及其它需要标签保存的信息。
步骤 S05 唤醒电子标签， 依据标签协议工作方式信息所指示的识别流程完成 电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据： 如果上述步骤 S03 的判断 结果为是， 即唤醒电子标签， 则执行本步骤。 本步骤中， 唤醒电子标签使其处于 正常工作状态， 并依据标签协议工作方式信息所指示的识别流程完成电子标签的 识别过程， 本实施例中提供了快速识别流程和一般识别流程， 一般识别流程为多 标签识别协议流程，一般识别流程有多种可供选择，例如：可以是 GJB 7377.2-2011 标准所定义的协议过程， 也可以是标准 ISO 18000-6或 ISO 18000-7所定义的协议 过程。根据具体需要， 可相应选择某一识别流程， 然后按照所选择的识别流程进行 电子标签的识别过程， 并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据。 关于如何具体的进行识 别， 稍后会加以描述。
步骤 S06 电子标签进入休眠状态： 当电子标签完成任务后， 本步骤中， 电子 标签进入休眠状态。 电子标签在收到外部发送的休眠命令后进入休眠状态或按照 预先设定的完成识别工作后自行进入休眠状态。
针对本实施例而言， 上述步骤 S05可进一步进行细化， 其细化后的具体流程 图如图 2所示， 图 2中， 其进一步包括：
步骤 S501 唤醒电子标签： 本步骤中， 将处于休眠状态的电子标签唤醒。
步骤 S502依据标签协议工作方式信息判断其所指示的识别流程是否为快速识 别流程： 本步骤中， 依据上述标签协议工作方式信息判断其所指示的识别流程是 否为快速识别流程，如果判断的结果为是，执行步骤 S504;如果判断的结果为否， 则执行步骤 S503。
步骤 S503按照一般识别流程完成电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送 和接收数据： 如果上述步骤 S502的判断结果为否， 即标签协议工作方式信息所指 示的识别流程是一般识别流程， 则执行本步骤。 本步骤中， 按照一般识别流程完 成电子标签的识别过程， 本实施例中， 一般识别流程是 GJB 7377.2-2011标准所定 义的协议过程， 当然， 在本实施例的另外一些情况下， 一般识别流程也可以是标 准 ISO 18000-6或 ISO 18000-7所定义的协议过程。 这里不再详细进行描述。
步骤 S504依据通信时序模式信息判断其所指示的通信时序模式是否为电子 标签先发模式： 如果上述步骤 S503的判断结果为是， 即标签协议工作方式信息所 指示的识别流程是快速识别流程， 则执行本步骤。 本步骤中， 依据通信时序模式 信息判断其所指示的通信时序模式是否为电子标签先发模式， 如果判断的结果为 是， 执行步骤 S505; 如果判断的结果为否， 执行步骤 S506。
步骤 S505电子标签依据工作信道信息在预定频率信道或预定时间信道发送预 定格式和内容的数据:如果上述步骤 S504的判断结果为是， 则执行本步骤。本步骤 中， 电子标签依据工作信道信息在预定频率信道或预定时间信道发送预定格式和 内容的数据， 具体就是， 电子标签根据第二信息中提供的工作信道信息， 在预定 或指定的信道上回复 TID和其它预定或指定的信息。 工作信道信息用于指定标签 回复阅读器所用的频率信息或时隙信息。 执行完本步骤， 执行步骤 S507。 步骤 S506 电子标签接收阅读器发送的读写命令并确认为是合法命令后，依据 读写命令的指示或预定的内容回复数据： 如果上述步骤 S504的判断结果为否， 即 通信时序模式为阅读器先发， 则执行本步骤。 本步骤中， 标签首先接收阅读器发 送的识别命令， 当确认该识别命令为合法命令后， 标签根据该识别命令指示或预 定的内容回复数据， 也就是说， 标签接收来自阅读器发送的识别命令， 解析命令 参数， 并按照识别命令指定的或预定的信道和通信参数回复 TID和其它信息。 值 得一提的是， 本步骤中， 标签与阅读器的通信交互可以有多次。 阅读器可多次发 送识别命令， 而标签可做多次回复； 标签也可主动回复多次， 并等待接收阅读器 的确认信息。 具体参数信息可在第二信息中设定， 也可由阅读器命令参数设定。 执行完本步骤， 执行步骤 S507。 步骤 S507 电子标签进入休眠状态： 当完成 TID和其它信息的收集， 并完成 按阅读器要求发送和接收数据后， 也即电子标签与阅读器之间完成通信后， 阅读 器发送休眠命令使标签恢复（进入）休眠状态， 或者通过外部休眠指示信息 （例 如通过激励控制器发送休眠指示信息）使标签进入休眠状态， 或按照预先设置的 在标签成功发送预定识别信息后 （确认识别过程结束后） 自行转入休眠状态。 本实施例还涉及一种实现上述方法的装置， 其结构示意图如图 3所示， 图 3 中， 该装置包括唤醒提取模块 1、 控制信号解析模块 2、 唤醒判断模块 3、 唤醒及 识别模块 4和休眠模块 5; 其中， 唤醒提取模块 1用于接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示 信息提取出来； 控制信号解析模块 2用于接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息 和第二信息； 上述第二信息包括标签协议工作方式、 通信时序模式和工作信道信 息； 唤醒判断模块 3 用于依据唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒电子标签， 并在不唤醒 时将第一信息存储后使电子标签继续保持休眠状态； 唤醒及识别模块 4用于唤醒 电子标签， 依据标签协议工作方式信息所指示的识别流程完成电子标签的识别过 程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据； 休眠模块 5 用于使电子标签进入休眠状态。 上述第一信息包括标签所处的位置信息或 /和时间信息， 第二信息还包括信息速率 或 /和调制方式信息。
如图 4所示， 本实施例中， 上述唤醒及识别模块 4进一步包括唤醒单元 41、 识别流程判断单元 42、 时序判断单元 43、 回复单元 44和休眠单元 45; 其中， 唤 醒单元 41用于唤醒电子标签； 识别流程判断单元 42用于依据标签协议工作方式 信息判断其所指示的识别流程是否为快速识别流程， 如不是， 按照一般识别流程 完成电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据； 时序判断单元 43用于 依据通信时序模式信息判断其所指示的通信时序模式是否为电子标签先发模式， 如是， 电子标签依据工作信道信息在预定频率信道或预定时间信道发送预定格式 和内容的数据； 回复单元 44用于在电子标签接收阅读器发送的读写命令并确认为 是合法命令后， 依据读写命令的指示或预定的内容回复数据； 休眠单元 45用于使 电子标签进入休眠状态。 值得一提的是， 本实施例中， 一般识别流程为多标签识 别协议流程； 电子标签收到外部 （例如： 阅读器或激励控制器）发送的休眠命令 后进入休眠状态或按照预先设定的完成识别工作后自行进入休眠状态。
图 5是本实施例中有源射频系统的结构示意图， 图 5中， 有源射频识别系统 包括阅读器 01、 激励控制器 02和电子标签 03 , 更全面的系统还应该包括应用系 统和连接阅读器 01与激励控制器 02的通信网络等。 阅读器 01与激励控制器 03 之间可以通过有线网络或其它无线网络互联， 也可独立工作。 在实际系统部署中 允许有多个阅读器和多个激励控制器同时存在， 这些阅读器和激励控制器可以用 网络互联， 相互协作， 也可局部的独立工作。 电子标签 03分别与阅读器 01和激 励控制器 02连接，阅读器 01和电子标签 03通常工作在 UHF频道，例如： 2.45GHz 频段，具体地可以工作于 2.405GHz-2.480GHz。激励控制器 02可以工作于低频段， 例如： 125kHz频段， 或者 UHF频段， 例如： 915MHz频段， 或其它不同于电子标 签 03与阅读器 01通信的频段。 激励控制器 02的信号传播方式不限于低频或超高 频电磁波， 也可通过红外线或传感器对环境信号感应等方式。
本实施例中， 阅读器 01与电子标签 03工作于 2.45GHz, 激励控制器 02工作 于 125kHz频段（其工作频点可在 125kHz附近 ), 电子标签 03具备一般有源射频 识别标签的基本功能， 支持周期性自唤醒， 也支持外部唤醒， 支持多标签防碰撞 算法和与阅读器 01 的双向数据通信， 本实施例中的电子标签 03 具备标准 GJB 7377.2-2011所定义的功能， 当然， 在本实施例的一些情况下， 电子标签可以具备 其它标准定义的功能， 例如标准 ISO 18000-6或 ISO 18000-7所定义的功能。
图 6是本实施例中电子标签的结构示意图， 图 6中， 电子标签 03包括唤醒控 制模块 31、 存储模块 32、 中央处理与控制模块 33、 无线收发模块 34和电源模块 35; 其中， 电源模块 35分别向唤醒控制模块 31、 中央处理与控制模块 33和无线 收发模块 34供电， 存储模块 32用于临时或长久地存储来自唤醒控制模块 31、 中 央处理与控制模块 33和无线收发模块 34的数据信息， 无线收发模块 34用于发送 和接收无线信号， 中央处理与控制模块 33用于处理从唤醒控制模块 31、存储模块 32和无线收发模块 34收到的信息，并控制上述各模块的运行和各模块之间的信息 交互； 唤醒控制模块 31接收来自激励控制器 02发送的唤醒信号与控制信号， 并 对接收到的唤醒信号进行识别、 验证和解析提取出唤醒指示信息， 对控制信号进 行解析得到第一信息和第二信息， 并在要唤醒标签时将唤醒指示信息和第二信息 (信令信息）输出到中央处理与控制模块 33 , 中央处理与控制模块 33控制电源 模块 35给无线收发模块 34供电， 激活电子标签 03使其处于工作状态。 值得一提 的是， 在电子标签 03不唤醒时， 要将第一信息存储在存储模块 32中， 这时由唤 醒控制模块 31或中央处理与控制模块 33控制存储模块 32进行存储工作。 值得一 提的是， 在电子标签 03唤醒时， 无线收发模块 34接通处于工作状态； 在电子标 签 03未唤醒时， 无线收发模块 34未被供电， 不能进行工作。
图 7是本实施例中唤醒控制模块的结构示意图， 图 7中， 唤醒控制模块 31包 括信号接收模块 311和信号处理模块 312; 其中， 信号接收模块 311可以包含一种 或多种不同类型信号的接收机， 例如： 125kHz频段的低频接收机（ LF接收机）， 或者是 915MHz的超高频接收机 ( UHF接收机；)， 或者是红外线接收机， 也可以是 特定的传感器接口， 现有技术中接口比较单一， 与现有技术相比， 该系统更加灵 活。 信号接收模块 311 接收唤醒信号和控制信号， 并对唤醒信号和控制信号进行 解调， 还原信息， 并将还原后的信息按照统一的格式发送给信号处理模块 312。 信 号处理模块 312对信号接收模块 311输出的信息进行解析， 并执行该信息所包含 的命令或预定的命令， 例如， 将唤醒指示信息输出给中央处理与控制模块 33, 或 存储相关接收信息， 或输出协议工作方式、 通信时序模式、 工作信道和其它参数 等。
图 8是本实施例中对 2.45GHz有源射频识别系统快速识别的示意图， 如图 8 所示， 该射频识别系统包括应用系统、 阅读器、 激励控制器和标签， 其中， 阅读 器、 激励控制器和应用系统依次由计算机网络互联。 激励控制器工作于 125kHz频 段， 阅读器与标签工作于 2.45GHz频段， 标签贴于如图 8所示的行驶的车辆上。 利用本发明提供的方法快速识别该标签的过程执行如下：
( 1 )激励控制器周期性地发送唤醒信号与控制信号， 例如： 帧长为 50ms, 发送周期为 80ms。 唤醒信号与控制信号中包含激励控制器 ID: "1#"； 协议工作方 式： 快速识别流程； 通信时序模式： 标签先发； 信道信息： 信道 0 ( 2.405GHz ); 标签回复信息: TID。
( 2 ) 当车辆 (携带标签)进入 A位置时， 处于休眠状态的标签利用信号接收模 块 311 (唤醒信号接收机）成功接收激励控制器发送的唤醒信号与控制信号， 标签 被唤醒， 标签内部的唤醒控制模块 31对唤醒信号与控制信号分别进行识别提取和 解析， 将第二信息 （信令信息）发送给标签内部的中央处理与控制模块 33, 标签 选择快速识别流程， 并选择标签先发模式， 因此， 标签在信道 0发送给阅读器 TID 信息。
( 3 )阅读器接收标签发送的 TID信息后， 向标签发送确认信息， 同时向标签 发送休眠命令， 标签收到确认信息和休眠命令后进入休眠状态。
值得一提的是， 有源射频识别系统通常具有较远的通信距离， 而唤醒距离通 常较近。 因此， 如图 8所示， 在位置 A标签被唤醒， 并成功接收控制信号， 而阅 读器与标签的通信可以保持到位置 B,根据阅读器和标签的发射功率不同，位置 A 与位置 B之间的距离 （也可称为识别范围）相应从十几米到几百米不等。 在图 8 这样的有源射频识别系统应用中， 标签使用通常有以下特征： 车辆 （携带标签） 通常需要高速通过识别区域， 识别区域在一个时间段内只有一辆车 （单个标签）。 针对这样的应用场景，现有的 RFID系统及协议在处理高速通过的单标签时显得不 够高效， 这样将限制了车辆的通过速度。 而本发明提供的方法处理流程较筒单且 提供多种接口， 所以不仅会提高该场景下的标签通过速度， 还会提升系统识别的 可靠性和协议的灵活度。 此外， 本实施例提供的方法也可以识别多个标签。
总之， 在本实施例中， 有源射频识别系统至少包括阅读器 01、 激励控制器 02 和电子标签 03。 激励控制器 02向电子标签 03发送唤醒信号与控制信号， 电子标 签 03中的唤醒控制模块 31能够接收来自激励控制器 02的唤醒信号与控制信号并 分别对其进行识别提取和解析。 唤醒控制模块 31输出唤醒指示信息并唤醒电子标 签 03 (接通无线收发模块 34 ) , 并通过中央处理与控制模块 33向无线收发模块 34 发送控制信号所携带的信令信息。 电子标签 03按照第二信息（信令信息）所指定 的通信参数和预定的通信协议与阅读器 01进行通信， 通信完毕（识别完毕）后电 子标签 03通过接收阅读器 01的休眠命令或激励控制器 02的休眠指示信息恢复休 眠状态或自行转入休眠状态。 与现有的标准中规定的方法相比， 本实施例提供的 识别方法可以更快、 更准确地识别标签， 并能支持更多的通信内容和协议工作方 法对于一些快速运动的标签的识别更加有效， 例如： 车辆标签的识别， 从而可以 有效提升运动标签的通过速度，并且使得系统功能更加丰富，使用方法更加灵活。 该识别方法不仅可以快速地处理单标签， 也可以执行如上所述的一般多标签识别 流程，如专利申请"一种多标签接入阅读器的方法及装置（申请号：201010619525.5 ) 中所提及的方法。 但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。 应当指出的是， 对于本领域的 普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进， 这些都属于本发明的保护范围。 因此， 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求 为准。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种电子标签快速识别的方法， 其特征在于， 包括如下步骤：
A )接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来；
B )接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信息； 所述第二信息包括标 签协议工作方式、 通信时序模式和工作信道信息；
C )依据所述唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒所述电子标签，如是，执行步骤 D ); 否则， 将所述第一信息存储后使所述电子标签继续保持休眠状态；
D )唤醒所述电子标签，依据所述标签协议工作方式信息所指示的识别流程完 成所述电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据；
E )所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的电子标签快速识别的方法， 其特征在于， 所述第一 信息包括标签所处的位置信息或 /和时间信息， 所述第二信息还包括信息速率或 /和 调制方式信息。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的电子标签快速识别的方法， 其特征在于， 所述步骤 D )进一步包括：
D1 )唤醒所述电子标签；
D2 )依据所述标签协议工作方式信息判断其所指示的识别流程是否为快速 识别流程， 如是， 执行步骤 D3 ); 否则， 按照一般识别流程完成所述电子标签的 识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据， 并执行步骤 D5 );
D3 )依据所述通信时序模式信息判断其所指示的通信时序模式是否为电子 标签先发模式， 如是， 所述电子标签依据所述工作信道信息在预定频率信道或预 定时间信道发送预定格式和内容的数据， 并执行步骤 D5 ); 否则，执行步骤 D4 );
D4 )所述电子标签接收阅读器发送的读写命令并确认为是合法命令后， 依 据所述读写命令的指示或预定的内容回复数据；
D5 )所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的电子标签快速识别的方法， 其特征在于， 所述一般 识别流程为多标签识别协议流程。
5、 根据权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述的电子标签快速识别的方法， 其特征在 于， 所述电子标签收到外部发送的休眠命令后进入休眠状态或按照预先设定的完 成识别工作后自行进入休眠状态。
6、 一种实现如权利要求 1所述的电子标签快速识别的方法的装置， 其特征在 于， 包括：
唤醒提取模块： 用于接收唤醒信号并将唤醒指示信息提取出来；
控制信号解析模块： 用于接收控制信号并将其解析得到第一信息和第二信息； 所述第二信息包括标签协议工作方式、 通信时序模式和工作信道信息；
唤醒判断模块： 用于依据所述唤醒指示信息判断是否唤醒所述电子标签， 并 在不唤醒时将所述第一信息存储后使所述电子标签继续保持休眠状态；
唤醒及识别模块： 用于唤醒所述电子标签， 依据所述标签协议工作方式信息 所指示的识别流程完成所述电子标签的识别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据; 休眠模块： 用于使所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的实现电子标签快速识别的方法的装置，其特征在于， 所述第一信息包括标签所处的位置信息或 /和时间信息， 所述第二信息还包括信息 速率或 /和调制方式信息。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的实现电子标签快速识别的方法的装置，其特征在于， 所述唤醒及识别模块进一步包括：
唤醒单元： 用于唤醒所述电子标签；
识别流程判断单元： 用于依据所述标签协议工作方式信息判断其所指示的识 别流程是否为快速识别流程， 如不是， 按照一般识别流程完成所述电子标签的识 别过程并按阅读器要求发送和接收数据；
时序判断单元： 用于依据所述通信时序模式信息判断其所指示的通信时序模 式是否为电子标签先发模式， 如是， 所述电子标签依据所述工作信道信息在预定 频率信道或预定时间信道发送预定格式和内容的数据；
回复单元： 用于在所述电子标签接收阅读器发送的读写命令并确认为是合法 命令后， 依据所述读写命令的指示或预定的内容回复数据； 休眠单元： 用于使所述电子标签进入休眠状态。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的实现电子标签快速识别的方法的装置，其特征在于， 所述一般识别流程为多标签识别协议流程。
10、 根据权利要求 6至 9任意一项所述的实现电子标签快速识别的方法的装 置， 其特征在于， 所述电子标签收到外部发送的休眠命令后进入休眠状态或按照 预先设定的完成识别工作后自行进入休眠状态。
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