WO2014108192A1 - Electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer - Google Patents

Electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014108192A1
WO2014108192A1 PCT/EP2013/050397 EP2013050397W WO2014108192A1 WO 2014108192 A1 WO2014108192 A1 WO 2014108192A1 EP 2013050397 W EP2013050397 W EP 2013050397W WO 2014108192 A1 WO2014108192 A1 WO 2014108192A1
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Prior art keywords
electronic device
device unit
weight
eudragit
meth
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PCT/EP2013/050397
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French (fr)
Inventor
Anne BENEDIKT
Benedikt Hartwig
Jan Hendrik Schattka
Norbert Windhab
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Evonik Industries Ag
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Priority to PCT/EP2013/050397 priority Critical patent/WO2014108192A1/en
Publication of WO2014108192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014108192A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K11/00—Marking of animals
    • A01K11/006—Automatic identification systems for animals, e.g. electronic devices, transponders for animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/686—Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/6861—Capsules, e.g. for swallowing or implanting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/90—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/90—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags
    • A61B90/98—Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags using electromagnetic means, e.g. transponders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
    • A61B2017/00858—Material properties high friction, non-slip
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
    • A61B2503/40—Animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/08—Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839—Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48—Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4845—Toxicology, e.g. by detection of alcohol, drug or toxic products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61D—VETERINARY INSTRUMENTS, IMPLEMENTS, TOOLS, OR METHODS
    • A61D7/00—Devices or methods for introducing solid, liquid, or gaseous remedies or other materials into or onto the bodies of animals

Definitions

  • Electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer
  • the invention refers to an electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer which coating effects or causes a cell adhesion of at least 40 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
  • US 2008/0042849 describes a bioimplant Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag to be implanted in a living body of an animal to conduct information management for the animal through wireless communication.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • a quite small bioimplant RFID tag capable of being hypodermically implanted in a small animal such as a mouse is disclosed.
  • the bioimplant RFID tag having a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 7 mm includes a very small antenna having a length of 6 mm and a width of 1 .5 mm and IC chip ( ⁇ chip®) having a shape of 0.5 mm by 0.5 mm rectangle.
  • the tag is mounted on the antenna.
  • the antenna is wound on a resin rod made of a flexible material.
  • a slit is disposed in the antenna for impedance matching. Therefore the antenna is very small.
  • a predetermined communication distance can be secured.
  • the radio wave frequency is 2.45 Gigahertz (GHz) to be used for communication distance of several millimetres is securable.
  • the input output impedance of the IC chip may be for instance 50 ohm.
  • a syringe with a piston may be used to force the RFID tag directly under the skin.
  • a curved needle with a suture, that carries the RFID tag at its end, may be used to drag the chip under the animal skin.
  • a knot in the suture may be used to mark the insertion place and to prevent movement of the tag.
  • the most common insertion tool for implanting the electronic device unit under the skin of an animal is a syringe with a hollow plastic or steel needle.
  • the syringe is provided with a piston to press the electronic device unit through the channel of hollow needle. After penetration of the animal skin with by the tip of the needle, the electronic device unit is forced by the piston through the channel of the hollow needle under the animal skin.
  • the most common way implanting an electronic device unit, for instance a RFID chip unit, under the skin of an animal is a syringe with a hollow steel needle.
  • the syringe is provided with a piston to press the electronic device unit through the channel of hollow needle. After penetration of the animal skin by the tip of the needle to a certain depth and by pressing the piston the electronic device unit is forced through the channel of the hollow needle out of the needle under the animal skin where it remains after removal of the needle out of the skin.
  • the injected or implanted electronic device unit dislocates by migration through the tissues of the animal.
  • the implanted electronic device unit may be found in places of the animal far away from the place of injection. This may impede the correct reading of the chip unit data or the function of the electronic device unit and/or therefore impedes its intended use for instance an electronic identification of production animals. It was seen as an object of the present invention to provide an electronic device that can be injected or implanted under the skin of an animal without or with at least remarkably reduced tendency of migration in the animal tissue.
  • the object was solved by an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating as claimed.
  • the coating may effect a cell adhesion of at least 40 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast.
  • Fig. 1/2 Results with collagen - EUDRAGIT RL surfaces, dried from corresponding dispersions, which display the highest signals / cell adhesion for surfaces with EUDRAGIT ® RL and its mixtures with collagen in concentrations of 100-250 pg/nriL. Additionally no further increase of the cell adhesion could be observed by using collagen concentrations higher than 250 pg/nriL. Again only the mixtures of EUDRAGIT ® RL containing 100-250 pg/nriL collagen were used for further analysis.
  • the examples 1 - 20 are based on solutions or dispersions respectively which were dried in the test plate.
  • EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL collagen 1
  • Fig 2/2 Results of the cell adhesion assay with the GRGDS peptide
  • EUDRAGIT ® RL EUDRAGIT ® RL.
  • EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL GRGDS Detailed description of the invention
  • the invention refers to an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating, which coating effects a cell adhesion of at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 75 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
  • a dried film of the coating layer effects a cell adhesion at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 75 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
  • the cell adhesion assay was carried out with the commercially available "Vybrant Cell adhesion assay kit" from the company called Invitrogen. It was used to analyze the properties of different material surfaces according to the adhesion of 3T3 fibroblast cells.
  • the first step of this assay is the preparation of the wells of a 96 well plate with different surfaces containing for instance collagen 1 , RGD sequence, EUDRAGIT ® RL or the mixtures of these substances. Therefore 50 ⁇ _ of each solution was applied to the corresponding well and then dried for 1 h under the safety work bench; an additional 1 h of UV irradiation was used to sterilize the different surfaces.
  • 3T3 fibroblast cells were re-suspended in phenol red free DMEM (Dulbecco ' s Modifies Eagle Medium, cell culture medium) to a final concentration of 5x10 6 cells/mL.
  • the prepared cell solution is divided into two tubes; Calcein-AM (fluorescent dye) is added only into one tube to a final concentration of 5 ⁇ , the other cell solution is used as a reference without labelling. Both tubes were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min.
  • the cells are washed in PBS buffer (Phosphate buffered saline), 100 ⁇ _ of the cell solution is added to each well (for each surface 3 wells with labelled and 3 wells with unlabeled cells) and a second incubation for 2 h at 37 °C follows. After several washing steps with PBS buffer the fluorescence, which is proportional to the amount of adhered cells on the surface, can be measured with a multimode micro plate reader (absorption 490 nm, emission 522 nm).
  • PBS buffer Phosphate buffered saline
  • the electronic device unit is a unit which is typically intended to be implanted, preferably intended to be implanted under the skin of an animal.
  • the electronic device unit may have a rod-like form and size, maybe 5 to 50 mm in length with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm.
  • the electronic device unit may also have an irregular form which is suitable as long as the form and size allows it to be implanted, preferably to be implanted under the skin of an animal.
  • the suitable size depends of on the size of the animal where the electronic device shall be implanted. In general comparatively small electronic devices are suitable for small animals while larger ones are suitable for bigger animals.
  • the electronic device unit may be a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip unit, a sensor device unit, for instance for drug monitoring or for the measurement of vital functions or data, an implant containing a source for radiotherapy, a drug pump, for instance for insulin.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the electronic device unit a sensor platform for instance for a continuous long-term monitoring unit for the monitoring of several vital functions such as blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse, and perfusion.
  • the electronic device unit may be a wireless readout unit which is electrical re-charging from the body temperature, a pH sensor, for instance intended to be part of a closed loop system inside of a patient which is able to react to pre-defined deviations of readings by neurostimulation or drug application.
  • the electronic device unit may be a drug pump for instance for insuline and/or a drug monitoring device for instance for the blood glucose level.
  • the electronic device unit may be combining microsystem technology, for instance devices used during cardiovascular surgery.
  • the electronic device unit may be a RFID cross identification unit. Polymer Coating
  • the Electronic device unit may be equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer.
  • the Electronic device unit may comprise an outer polymer coating comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer.
  • the polymer coating may be selected from cationic (meth)acrylate copolymers.
  • the cationic, water-soluble (meth)acrylate copolymer may be composed partly or fully of alkyi acrylates and/or alkyi methacrylates having a tertiary amino group in the alkyi radical.
  • Suitable (meth)acrylate copolymers are known, for example, from EP 0 058 765 B1 .
  • the cationic, water-soluble (meth)acrylate copolymer may be composed, for example, of 30 to 80% by weight of free-radically polymerized Ci- to C 4 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid, and 70 to 20% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers having a tertiary amino group in the alkyi radical.
  • Suitable monomers with functional tertiary amino groups are detailed in US 4 705 695, column 3 line 64 to column 4 line 13. Mention should be made in particular of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobenzyl acrylate, dimethylaminobenzyl methacrylate, (3- dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl)propyl acrylate, dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl)propyl methacrylate, (3-diethylamino-2,2-dimethyl)propyl acrylate, diethylamino-2,2- di methyl )propyl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Particular preference is given to dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • the content of the monomers with tertiary amino groups in the copolymer may advantageously be between 20 and 70% by weight, preferably between 40 and 60% by weight.
  • the proportion of the Ci- to C 4 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is 70 - 30% by weight. Mention should be made of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate.
  • a suitable (meth)acrylate copolymer with tertiary amino groups may be formed, for example, from 20 - 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20 - 30% by weight of butyl methacrylate and 60 - 40% by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
  • a specifically suitable commercial (meth)acrylate copolymer with tertiary amino groups is, for example, formed from 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 25% by weight of butyl methacrylate and 50% by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (EUDRAGIT® E100 or EUDRAGIT® E PO (powder form)).
  • EUDRAGIT® E100 and EUDRAGIT® E PO are water-soluble below approx. pH 5.0 and are thus also gastric juice-soluble.
  • Suitable copolymers may be the "amino methacrylate copolymer (USP/NF)", “basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (Ph. Eur)” or “aminoalkyl Methacrylate Copolymer E (JPE)" which are of the EUDRAGIT® E type.
  • a further (meth)acrylate copolymer with tertiary amino groups may be, for example, formed from 50 - 60, preferably 55% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 40 - 50, preferably 45% by weight of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (s. WO2009016258, WO2010139654 and WO2012041788A1 ).
  • a commercially available product is for instance Kollicoat® Smartseal 30D (BASF, Germany).
  • cationic (meth)acrylate copolymers are disclosed for example in EP-A 181 515 or DE patent 1 617 751 . They are polymers which are soluble or swellable irrespective of the pH and are suitable for medicament coatings. A possible production process to be mentioned is bulk polymerization in the presence of an initiator which forms free radicals and is dissolved in the monomer mixture. The polymer can likewise be produced by means of solution or precipitation
  • the polymer can be obtained in this way in the form of a fine powder, achievable in the case of bulk polymerization by grinding and in the case of solution and precipitation polymerization for example by spray drying.
  • Ci to C 4 alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate.
  • the particularly preferred (meth)acrylate monomer with quaternary amino groups is 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride.
  • the polymer coating may comprise a copolymer composed of free-radical
  • the polymer coating may comprise a copolymer polymerized out of 50 - 70 % by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20 - 40 % by weight of ethyl acrylate and 4 to 12 % by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride.
  • Suitable commerically available polymers are for instance EUDRAGIT® RL or EUDRAGIT® RS.
  • a suitable cationic copolymer may be composed for example of 50-70% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20-40% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 7-2% by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride (Type EUDRAGIT® RS)
  • a suitable cationic copolymer may be composed for example of 50-70% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20-40% by weight of ethyl acrylate and more than 7 and up to 12 % by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride (Type
  • the polymer coating may comprise the tri-peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) or a peptide consisting of 4 and 7 amino acids including the sequence RDG.
  • RDG arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
  • Preferred peptids consisting of 4 and 7 amino acids including the sequence RDG are:
  • the polymer coating may comprise collagen.
  • the polymer coating may also comprise hyaluronic acid.
  • the polymer coating may have a mean thickness in the range of about 10 to 200, preferably in the range of about 20 to 80 ⁇ .
  • a suitable process for preparing an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating may be by spray coating, dip coating or fluidized bed coating of the electronic device unit by a polymer solution or polymer dispersion, preferably an aqueous polymer dispersion.
  • the polymer coated electronic device unit as described in here is suitable to be implanted in an animal or can be used to be for implanting in an animal.
  • the invention discloses the use of the polymer coated electronic device unit as described herein as an implant for an animal.
  • the invention discloses the use of the polymer coated electronic device unit as described herein as an implant with anti migration properties for an animal. Examples
  • the examples 1 - 20 are based on solutions or dispersions respectively which were dried in the test plate.
  • EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/ml_ collagen 1
  • EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL GRGDS
  • EUDRAGIT ® RS is a copolymer polymerized of 65 % by weight of methyl
  • EUDRAGIT ® RS 30 D is an aqueous dispersion of EUDRAGIT ® RS with 30 % dry substance.
  • EUDRAGIT ® RL is a copolymer polymerized of 60 % by weight of methyl
  • EUDRAGIT ® RL 30 D is an aqueous dispersion of EUDRAGIT ® RL with 30 % dry substance.
  • EUDRAGIT ® NM is a copolymer polymerized of 30% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 70% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
  • EUDRAGIT ® NM 30 D is an aqueous dispersion of EUDRAGIT ® NM with 30 % dry substance.
  • Collagen solution type 1 from rat tail 1 10M7014 Sigma-Aldrich Co.
  • 3T3 cells swiss albino mouse fibroblasts
  • Table 3 Materials for incubation of 3T3 fibroblasts with RFID chips fixed in a gelatine-agarose matrix
  • the dipping process was conducted according to following procedure:
  • the RFID chip was pushed in a plastic pipette tip to create a suitable holder system for the dipping process and afterwards attached on a metal stick which was fixed into an overhead stirrer.
  • the drying process was carried out till dried coating layer ( ⁇ 15 min) in the temperature range of 30-35 °C using a hot-air gun.
  • the cycle of dipping was one time in the whole process.
  • the thickness of the coating layer on the RFID chips was determined.
  • the EUDRAGIT ® type NM is a very soft polymer. Therefore no plasticizer is needed.
  • the preparation of this dipping dispersion was done as follows:
  • Table 5 Overview first dipping mixtures for cell adherence
  • EUDRAGIT RL was selected due to higher ionic strength as best candidate for dipping test with adhesion factor.
  • Table 6 and 7 the specific composition of each dipping trial is given as additional in vitro reference for conducted cell adhesion assay.
  • the thickness of coating layer was analyzed with a zoom stereo microscope
  • the cell adhesion assay was carried out with the commercially available "Vybrant ® Cell adhesion assay kit" from the company called Invitrogen. It was used to analyze the properties of different material surfaces according to the adhesion of 3T3 fibroblast cells (3T3 fibroblast cells (No.: ACC 173 from DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Germany)).
  • the first step of this assay is the preparation of the wells of a 96 well plate with different surfaces containing collagen 1 , GRGDS peptide, EUDRAGIT ® RL 30 D respectively the mixtures of these substances. Therefore 50 ml_ of each solution was applied to the corresponding well and then dried for 1 h under the safety work bench; an additional 1 h of UV irradiation was used to sterilize the different surfaces.
  • 3T3 fibroblast cells were re-suspended in phenol red free DMEM (cell culture medium) to a final concentration of 5x10 6 cells/mL.
  • the prepared cell solution is divided into two tubes; Calcein-AM (fluorescent dye) is added only into one tube to a final concentration of 5 ⁇ , the other cell solution is used as a reference without labelling. Both tubes were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. After the incubation step the cells are washed in PBS buffer, 100 ⁇ _ of the cell solution is added to each well (for each surface 3 wells with labelled and 3 wells with unlabeled cells) and a second incubation for 2 h at 37 °C follows.
  • the fluorescence which is proportional to the amount of adhered cells on the surface, can be measured with a multimode microplate reader (absorption 490 nm, emission 522 nm).
  • the results of this assay display the percentage of cells that adhere to the specific surface in contrast to the total number of cells applied to it.
  • the coating layer of RFID chips with EUDRAGIT ® RL and RS exhibits both similar properties like low stickiness, good surface attachment on transponder and low film damaging behaviour, which is important for the aspired needle filling process.
  • Table 8 Results of in vitro samples (dipping mixture containing collagen as adhesion factor) The mean thickness of both EUDRAGIT coating from dispersions is around 30 ⁇ and comparable between the two different dispersions.
  • a cell adhesion assay was performed with 3T3 fibroblast cells using material surfaces of the polymer or the adhesion factors alone as well as their mixtures applied to a 96 well plate.
  • Figure 1/2 shows a summary of the results with collagen 1 - EUDRAGIT ® RL surfaces, which display the highest signals / best cell adhesion for surfaces from EUDRAGIT ® RL 30 D dispersions and its mixtures with collagen 1 in concentrations of 100-500 pg/nriL. Additionally no further increase of the cell adhesion could be observed by using collagen 1 concentrations higher than 500 pg/nriL. Based on these results coating mixtures with EUDRAGIT ® RL containing 100-500 pg/nriL collagen 1 were used for further analysis.
  • Figure 2/2 shows a summary of the results with GRGDS - EUDRAGIT ® RL surfaces, which display the highest signals / cell adhesion for surfaces from EUDRAGIT ® RL 30 D dispersions and its mixtures with GRGDS in concentrations of 100-250 g/mL. Additionally no further increase of the cell adhesion could be observed by using GRGDS concentrations higher than 250 g/mL. Again only the mixtures of EUDRAGIT ® RL containing 100-250 pg/mL GRGDS were used for further analysis.
  • the assay was performed three times to get significant results; the data shown in this report display a summary of representative results.
  • the uncoated glass transponders showed almost no cell growth on their surface after three days of incubation. In contrast a few cells grew on the EUDRAGIT ® RL coated chips, but a significant increase of the amount of cells growing on the chip surface could be observed for the EUDRAGIT ® RL coatings with embedded adhesion factors.
  • the results with the highest cell adhesion were proven for the coatings from EUDRAGIT ® RL 30 D dispersions with 250 g/mL collagen 1 or 100 g/mL GRGDS peptide.

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Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer.

Description

Electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer
Field of the invention
The invention refers to an electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer which coating effects or causes a cell adhesion of at least 40 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
Technical Background
US 2008/0042849 describes a bioimplant Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag to be implanted in a living body of an animal to conduct information management for the animal through wireless communication. A quite small bioimplant RFID tag capable of being hypodermically implanted in a small animal such as a mouse is disclosed. The bioimplant RFID tag having a diameter of 1 mm and a length of 7 mm includes a very small antenna having a length of 6 mm and a width of 1 .5 mm and IC chip (μ chip®) having a shape of 0.5 mm by 0.5 mm rectangle. The tag is mounted on the antenna. The antenna is wound on a resin rod made of a flexible material. In this connection a slit is disposed in the antenna for impedance matching. Therefore the antenna is very small. A predetermined communication distance can be secured. For example the radio wave frequency is 2.45 Gigahertz (GHz) to be used for communication distance of several millimetres is securable. The input output impedance of the IC chip may be for instance 50 ohm. Several insertion tools are disclosed. For instance a syringe with a piston may be used to force the RFID tag directly under the skin. A curved needle with a suture, that carries the RFID tag at its end, may be used to drag the chip under the animal skin. A knot in the suture may be used to mark the insertion place and to prevent movement of the tag.
Morra, M. (Expert review medical devices 4 (3), 2007, 361 - 372, Biomolecular modification of implant surfaces) describes that the surfaces of soft-tissue prostheses may be modified by the addition of collagen or hyaluronan in order to effect a decrease by fribrosis and prevention of post surgery adhesion. By modifying the surfaces of soft-tissue prostheses with synthetic peptides, like arginine-glycine- aspartic acid (RGD), an increased cell adhesion may be effected.
It is generally known to implant electronic device units like for instance RFID chip units under the skin of various small animals, pets, domestic animals or animals for production (farm animals like pigs, sheep, cattle or horses). The most common insertion tool for implanting the electronic device unit under the skin of an animal is a syringe with a hollow plastic or steel needle. The syringe is provided with a piston to press the electronic device unit through the channel of hollow needle. After penetration of the animal skin with by the tip of the needle, the electronic device unit is forced by the piston through the channel of the hollow needle under the animal skin.
Object of the invention
The most common way implanting an electronic device unit, for instance a RFID chip unit, under the skin of an animal is a syringe with a hollow steel needle. The syringe is provided with a piston to press the electronic device unit through the channel of hollow needle. After penetration of the animal skin by the tip of the needle to a certain depth and by pressing the piston the electronic device unit is forced through the channel of the hollow needle out of the needle under the animal skin where it remains after removal of the needle out of the skin.
However in many cases the injected or implanted electronic device unit dislocates by migration through the tissues of the animal. Thus the implanted electronic device unit may be found in places of the animal far away from the place of injection. This may impede the correct reading of the chip unit data or the function of the electronic device unit and/or therefore impedes its intended use for instance an electronic identification of production animals. It was seen as an object of the present invention to provide an electronic device that can be injected or implanted under the skin of an animal without or with at least remarkably reduced tendency of migration in the animal tissue.
The object was solved by an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating as claimed. The coating may effect a cell adhesion of at least 40 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast.
Description of the figures
Fig. 1/2: Results with collagen - EUDRAGIT RL surfaces, dried from corresponding dispersions, which display the highest signals / cell adhesion for surfaces with EUDRAGIT® RL and its mixtures with collagen in concentrations of 100-250 pg/nriL. Additionally no further increase of the cell adhesion could be observed by using collagen concentrations higher than 250 pg/nriL. Again only the mixtures of EUDRAGIT® RL containing 100-250 pg/nriL collagen were used for further analysis.
The examples 1 - 20 are based on solutions or dispersions respectively which were dried in the test plate.
Examples 1 -10:
1 -5: 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL collagen 1 solutions
6-10: EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL collagen 1
Fig 2/2: Results of the cell adhesion assay with the GRGDS peptide and
EUDRAGIT® RL.
Examples 1 1 - 20:
1 1 -15: 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL GRGDS solutions
16-20: EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL GRGDS Detailed description of the invention
The invention refers to an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating, which coating effects a cell adhesion of at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 75 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
Especially a dried film of the coating layer effects a cell adhesion at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 75 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
Cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells
The cell adhesion assay was carried out with the commercially available "Vybrant Cell adhesion assay kit" from the company called Invitrogen. It was used to analyze the properties of different material surfaces according to the adhesion of 3T3 fibroblast cells.
The first step of this assay is the preparation of the wells of a 96 well plate with different surfaces containing for instance collagen 1 , RGD sequence, EUDRAGIT® RL or the mixtures of these substances. Therefore 50 μΙ_ of each solution was applied to the corresponding well and then dried for 1 h under the safety work bench; an additional 1 h of UV irradiation was used to sterilize the different surfaces.
For the following cell adhesion assay 3T3 fibroblast cells were re-suspended in phenol red free DMEM (Dulbecco's Modifies Eagle Medium, cell culture medium) to a final concentration of 5x106 cells/mL. The prepared cell solution is divided into two tubes; Calcein-AM (fluorescent dye) is added only into one tube to a final concentration of 5 μΜ, the other cell solution is used as a reference without labelling. Both tubes were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. After the incubation step the cells are washed in PBS buffer (Phosphate buffered saline), 100 μΙ_ of the cell solution is added to each well (for each surface 3 wells with labelled and 3 wells with unlabeled cells) and a second incubation for 2 h at 37 °C follows. After several washing steps with PBS buffer the fluorescence, which is proportional to the amount of adhered cells on the surface, can be measured with a multimode micro plate reader (absorption 490 nm, emission 522 nm).
Electronic device unit
The electronic device unit is a unit which is typically intended to be implanted, preferably intended to be implanted under the skin of an animal. The electronic device unit may have a rod-like form and size, maybe 5 to 50 mm in length with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm. In some cases the electronic device unit may also have an irregular form which is suitable as long as the form and size allows it to be implanted, preferably to be implanted under the skin of an animal. The suitable size depends of on the size of the animal where the electronic device shall be implanted. In general comparatively small electronic devices are suitable for small animals while larger ones are suitable for bigger animals.
The electronic device unit may be a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip unit, a sensor device unit, for instance for drug monitoring or for the measurement of vital functions or data, an implant containing a source for radiotherapy, a drug pump, for instance for insulin.
The electronic device unit a sensor platform for instance for a continuous long-term monitoring unit for the monitoring of several vital functions such as blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse, and perfusion. The electronic device unit may be a wireless readout unit which is electrical re-charging from the body temperature, a pH sensor, for instance intended to be part of a closed loop system inside of a patient which is able to react to pre-defined deviations of readings by neurostimulation or drug application. The electronic device unit may be a drug pump for instance for insuline and/or a drug monitoring device for instance for the blood glucose level. The electronic device unit may be combining microsystem technology, for instance devices used during cardiovascular surgery. The electronic device unit may be a RFID cross identification unit. Polymer Coating
The Electronic device unit may be equipped on the outside with a coating layer comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer.
The Electronic device unit may comprise an outer polymer coating comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer.
The polymer coating may be selected from cationic (meth)acrylate copolymers.
The cationic, water-soluble (meth)acrylate copolymer may be composed partly or fully of alkyi acrylates and/or alkyi methacrylates having a tertiary amino group in the alkyi radical. Suitable (meth)acrylate copolymers are known, for example, from EP 0 058 765 B1 .
The cationic, water-soluble (meth)acrylate copolymer may be composed, for example, of 30 to 80% by weight of free-radically polymerized Ci- to C4-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid, and 70 to 20% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers having a tertiary amino group in the alkyi radical.
Suitable monomers with functional tertiary amino groups are detailed in US 4 705 695, column 3 line 64 to column 4 line 13. Mention should be made in particular of dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, 2-dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminobenzyl acrylate, dimethylaminobenzyl methacrylate, (3- dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl)propyl acrylate, dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl)propyl methacrylate, (3-diethylamino-2,2-dimethyl)propyl acrylate, diethylamino-2,2- di methyl )propyl methacrylate and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Particular preference is given to dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
The content of the monomers with tertiary amino groups in the copolymer may advantageously be between 20 and 70% by weight, preferably between 40 and 60% by weight. The proportion of the Ci- to C4-alkyl esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid is 70 - 30% by weight. Mention should be made of methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate. A suitable (meth)acrylate copolymer with tertiary amino groups may be formed, for example, from 20 - 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20 - 30% by weight of butyl methacrylate and 60 - 40% by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
A specifically suitable commercial (meth)acrylate copolymer with tertiary amino groups is, for example, formed from 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 25% by weight of butyl methacrylate and 50% by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (EUDRAGIT® E100 or EUDRAGIT® E PO (powder form)). EUDRAGIT® E100 and EUDRAGIT® E PO are water-soluble below approx. pH 5.0 and are thus also gastric juice-soluble.
Suitable copolymers may be the "amino methacrylate copolymer (USP/NF)", "basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (Ph. Eur)" or "aminoalkyl Methacrylate Copolymer E (JPE)" which are of the EUDRAGIT® E type.
A further (meth)acrylate copolymer with tertiary amino groups may be, for example, formed from 50 - 60, preferably 55% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 40 - 50, preferably 45% by weight of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (s. WO2009016258, WO2010139654 and WO2012041788A1 ). A commercially available product is for instance Kollicoat® Smartseal 30D (BASF, Germany).
Further suitable cationic (meth)acrylate copolymers are disclosed for example in EP-A 181 515 or DE patent 1 617 751 . They are polymers which are soluble or swellable irrespective of the pH and are suitable for medicament coatings. A possible production process to be mentioned is bulk polymerization in the presence of an initiator which forms free radicals and is dissolved in the monomer mixture. The polymer can likewise be produced by means of solution or precipitation
polymerization. The polymer can be obtained in this way in the form of a fine powder, achievable in the case of bulk polymerization by grinding and in the case of solution and precipitation polymerization for example by spray drying.
Preferred Ci to C4 alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. The particularly preferred (meth)acrylate monomer with quaternary amino groups is 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride.
The polymer coating may comprise a copolymer composed of free-radical
polymerized units of 85 to 98% by weight of free-radical polymerized Ci- to C4-alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 15 to 2% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers with a quaternary amino group in the alkyl radical.
The polymer coating may comprise a copolymer polymerized out of 50 - 70 % by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20 - 40 % by weight of ethyl acrylate and 4 to 12 % by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride. Suitable commerically available polymers are for instance EUDRAGIT® RL or EUDRAGIT® RS.
A suitable cationic copolymer may be composed for example of 50-70% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20-40% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 7-2% by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride (Type EUDRAGIT® RS)
A suitable cationic copolymer may be composed for example of 50-70% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20-40% by weight of ethyl acrylate and more than 7 and up to 12 % by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride (Type
EUDRAGIT® RL)
Additives to the polymer coating
The polymer coating may comprise the tri-peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) or a peptide consisting of 4 and 7 amino acids including the sequence RDG.
Preferred peptids consisting of 4 and 7 amino acids including the sequence RDG are:
• SEQ.ID.No.1 GRGD
• SEQ.ID.No.2 GRGDS
• SEQ.ID.No.3 GRGDY • SEQ.ID.No.4: GRGDSP
• SEQ.ID.No.5: GRGDSY
• SEQ.ID.No.6: CGRGDSY
The polymer coating may comprise collagen.
The polymer coating may also comprise hyaluronic acid.
Coating layer thickness
The polymer coating may have a mean thickness in the range of about 10 to 200, preferably in the range of about 20 to 80 μιτι.
Process
A suitable process for preparing an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating may be by spray coating, dip coating or fluidized bed coating of the electronic device unit by a polymer solution or polymer dispersion, preferably an aqueous polymer dispersion.
Use
The polymer coated electronic device unit as described in here is suitable to be implanted in an animal or can be used to be for implanting in an animal.
Thus the invention discloses the use of the polymer coated electronic device unit as described herein as an implant for an animal.
The invention discloses the use of the polymer coated electronic device unit as described herein as an implant with anti migration properties for an animal. Examples
The examples 1 - 20 are based on solutions or dispersions respectively which were dried in the test plate.
1 - 5: 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/ml_ collagen 1 solutions
6-10: EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/ml_ collagen 1
1 1 -15: 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL GRGDS solutions
16-20: EUDRAGIT® RL 30D dispersion including 0 / 100/ 250/ 500/ 750Mg/mL GRGDS
Materials, Equipment and Methods
The following chapter gives an overview about the materials, equipment and methods used in the different parts of this study.
Materials
Polymers
EUDRAGIT® RS is a copolymer polymerized of 65 % by weight of methyl
methacrylate, 30 % by weight of ethyl acrylate and 5 % by weight of
2- trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride. EUDRAGIT® RS 30 D is an aqueous dispersion of EUDRAGIT® RS with 30 % dry substance.
EUDRAGIT® RL is a copolymer polymerized of 60 % by weight of methyl
methacrylate, 30 % by weight of ethyl acrylate and 10 % by weight of
2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride. EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D is an aqueous dispersion of EUDRAGIT® RL with 30 % dry substance.
EUDRAGIT® NM is a copolymer polymerized of 30% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 70% by weight of methyl methacrylate. EUDRAGIT® NM 30 D is an aqueous dispersion of EUDRAGIT® NM with 30 % dry substance. Product Batch Manufacturer
EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D G100616129 Evonik Industries AG
EUDRAGIT® RS 30 D G1006181 14 Evonik Industries AG
EUDRAGIT® NM 30 D B101062001 Evonik Industries AG
Hyaluronic acid sodium salt from
040M3776 Sigma-Aldrich Co. rooster comb (HA)
GRGDS 1033541 Bachem
Collagen solution, type 1 from rat tail 1 10M7014 Sigma-Aldrich Co.
RFID chips (glass transponder) Prod.: T-IS DATAMARS SA
RFID chips (polymer transponder) Prod.: T-IP DATAMARS SA
Triethyl citrate 00059025.1 Morflex Inc.
Methocel® E5 Premium WL29012403 Colorcon GmbH
Blanose® 7 LH 22059 Hercules Chemicals
Distilled water — Evonik Industries AG
Table 1 : Materials for RFID chip coating
Figure imgf000013_0001
Table 2: Materials for cell adhesion assay Product Batch Manufacturer
Coated RFID chips Different batches Evonik Industries AG
3T3 cells (swiss albino mouse fibroblasts) — Leibniz Institute DSMZ
D-MEM (1X), liquid (high glucose),
925266 Invitrogen GmbH without phenol red
L-Glutamine 200 mM (100x) 879462 Invitrogen GmbH
Penicillin-Streptomycin (5,000 units/mL
861672 Invitrogen GmbH Penicillin and 5,000 μg mL Streptomycin)
Sodium Pyruvate MEM 100 mM 898584 Invitrogen GmbH
Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline
Different batches Invitrogen GmbH (D-PBS)
Gelatine platinum, 240 Bloom 051 163509 Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG
Agarose for DNA/RNA electrophoresis 101 167594 Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG
Table 3: Materials for incubation of 3T3 fibroblasts with RFID chips fixed in a gelatine-agarose matrix
Equipment
Figure imgf000014_0001
Table 4: Overview devices for coating process and characterization Methods
Dipping for in vitro trials: EUDRAGIT® - collagen / EUDRAGIT® - GRGDS coating
The dipping process was conducted according to following procedure:
At first the RFID chip was pushed in a plastic pipette tip to create a suitable holder system for the dipping process and afterwards attached on a metal stick which was fixed into an overhead stirrer. After dipping the tip/RFID chip combination under clockwise rotation (50 rpm) into the prepared dipping dispersion, the drying process was carried out till dried coating layer (~ 15 min) in the temperature range of 30-35 °C using a hot-air gun. The cycle of dipping was one time in the whole process.
Subsequently the thickness of the coating layer on the RFID chips was determined.
The dipping process with different EU DRAG IT® types as polymer was split into two parts: study I for the mixtures with an aqueous solution of GRGDS; while study II contains collagen as adhesion molecule.
For the preparation of the EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D or EUDRAGIT® RS 30 D dispersion (procedure 1 ) 0.48 g of triethyl citrate was weighed as plasticizer into a tared 30 ml_ screw-cap vial using a Pasteur pipette and top-loading balance. Afterwards 2.4 g of HPMC solution (15 %) was added as thickener to increase the viscosity of the final dispersion mixture to a sufficient value which is needed to carry out the dipping process. At least 8 g of the wished EUDRAGIT® dispersion type was poured under stirring, using a magnetic stirrer, into the excipient solution and mixed for 10 minutes.
The EUDRAGIT® type NM is a very soft polymer. Therefore no plasticizer is needed. The preparation of this dipping dispersion (procedure 2) was done as follows:
2.4 g of anionic Blanose solution (15 %) was weighed as thickener into a tared 20 ml_ screw-cap vial using a Pasteur pipette and top-loading balance. Afterwards 8 g of EUDRAGIT® NM 30 D dispersion was poured under stirring, using magnetic stirrer, into the excipient solution and mixed for 10 minutes. Table 5 gives an overview about the composition of the first dipping mixtures which were used for incubation of fibroblasts with coated RFID chips fixed in a gelatine- agarose matrix. The preparation of all dispersions was carried out in a 1 mL micro test tube.
Figure imgf000016_0001
Table 5: Overview first dipping mixtures for cell adherence
Based on the first results of polymer dispersions, EUDRAGIT RL was selected due to higher ionic strength as best candidate for dipping test with adhesion factor. In the tables 6 and 7 the specific composition of each dipping trial is given as additional in vitro reference for conducted cell adhesion assay.
Figure imgf000016_0002
Table 6: Overview about practical part - study I (mixture with GRGDS) Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture Mixture
Substance 1 2 3 4 5 6
(ML) (ML) ( L) (PL) (PL) (ML)
Prepared
EUDRAGIT® RL
1000 975 937.5 875 812.5 750 dispersion
(mixture type 1 )
Collagen 1 ,
— 25 62.5 125 187.5 250 4 img/mL
Table 7: Overview about practical - study II (mixture with collagen)
Determination of the coating thickness
The thickness of coating layer was analyzed with a zoom stereo microscope
Olympus SZH-ILLD-200 using enlarged viewing zoom factor of 1 .8.
Cell adhesion assay
The cell adhesion assay was carried out with the commercially available "Vybrant® Cell adhesion assay kit" from the company called Invitrogen. It was used to analyze the properties of different material surfaces according to the adhesion of 3T3 fibroblast cells (3T3 fibroblast cells (No.: ACC 173 from DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Germany)).
The first step of this assay is the preparation of the wells of a 96 well plate with different surfaces containing collagen 1 , GRGDS peptide, EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D respectively the mixtures of these substances. Therefore 50 ml_ of each solution was applied to the corresponding well and then dried for 1 h under the safety work bench; an additional 1 h of UV irradiation was used to sterilize the different surfaces.
For the following cell adhesion assay 3T3 fibroblast cells were re-suspended in phenol red free DMEM (cell culture medium) to a final concentration of 5x106 cells/mL. The prepared cell solution is divided into two tubes; Calcein-AM (fluorescent dye) is added only into one tube to a final concentration of 5 μΜ, the other cell solution is used as a reference without labelling. Both tubes were incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. After the incubation step the cells are washed in PBS buffer, 100 μΙ_ of the cell solution is added to each well (for each surface 3 wells with labelled and 3 wells with unlabeled cells) and a second incubation for 2 h at 37 °C follows. After several washing steps with PBS buffer the fluorescence, which is proportional to the amount of adhered cells on the surface, can be measured with a multimode microplate reader (absorption 490 nm, emission 522 nm). The results of this assay display the percentage of cells that adhere to the specific surface in contrast to the total number of cells applied to it.
Incubation of fibroblasts with RFID chips fixed in a gelatine-agarose matrix
Different batches of coated RFID chips as well as uncoated RFID chips as controls are fixed into a matrix of 10 % gelatine with 5 % agarose solved in PBS buffer and applied to each well of a 12 well cell culture plate (~ 300 μΙ_ matrix per well). A drying step with 1 h of UV irradiation follows. Afterwards 3x104 3T3 fibroblast cells in 1 .5 ml_ DMEM cell culture medium are added to each well and the whole cell culture plate is incubated for 3 days at 37 °C. The evaluation after the incubation time is performed via microscopy.
Results
Adhesion approach: EUDRAGlT®-collagen / EUDRAGIT®- GRGDS coating
Dipping process
During the first dipping phase using different EUDRAGIT® dispersion types (RL, RS and NM) containing collagen as model substance it was observed that in all cases the coated RFID chips had a definite polymer layer > 5 μιτι. But in further characterization steps it was obvious that EUDRAGIT® NM coating showed insufficient attachment on transponder surface after 1 -day storage in cell culture medium at 37 °C as well as a higher stickiness of dried layer compared to RL/RS coatings. Resulted on these findings no further trials were carried out using EUDRAGIT® NM.
The coating layer of RFID chips with EUDRAGIT® RL and RS exhibits both similar properties like low stickiness, good surface attachment on transponder and low film damaging behaviour, which is important for the aspired needle filling process.
Based on the higher available ionic strength of EUDRAGIT® RL compared to RS, the further trials of mixtures with adhesion factor were carried out with RL, only.
Determination of the coating thickness
All prepared dipping samples (in vitro / in vivo) were analyzed according to the method description.
Figure imgf000019_0001
Table 8: Results of in vitro samples (dipping mixture containing collagen as adhesion factor) The mean thickness of both EUDRAGIT coating from dispersions is around 30 μιτι and comparable between the two different dispersions.
Cell adhesion assay
To analyze the properties of different material surfaces according to the adhesion of cells, a cell adhesion assay was performed with 3T3 fibroblast cells using material surfaces of the polymer or the adhesion factors alone as well as their mixtures applied to a 96 well plate.
The assays were performed three times with each sample in triplicates. Figure 1/2 shows a summary of the results with collagen 1 - EUDRAGIT® RL surfaces, which display the highest signals / best cell adhesion for surfaces from EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D dispersions and its mixtures with collagen 1 in concentrations of 100-500 pg/nriL. Additionally no further increase of the cell adhesion could be observed by using collagen 1 concentrations higher than 500 pg/nriL. Based on these results coating mixtures with EUDRAGIT® RL containing 100-500 pg/nriL collagen 1 were used for further analysis.
Figure 2/2 shows a summary of the results with GRGDS - EUDRAGIT® RL surfaces, which display the highest signals / cell adhesion for surfaces from EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D dispersions and its mixtures with GRGDS in concentrations of 100-250 g/mL. Additionally no further increase of the cell adhesion could be observed by using GRGDS concentrations higher than 250 g/mL. Again only the mixtures of EUDRAGIT® RL containing 100-250 pg/mL GRGDS were used for further analysis.
Incubation of fibroblasts with RFID chips fixed in a gelatine-agarose matrix
In order to confirm the results of the cell adhesion assays and to evaluate the most suitable concentrations of the used adhesion factors, an additional in vitro test with coated RFID chips was carried out. This assay system is based on coated RFID chips fixed in cell culture plates by a mixture of gelatine and agarose. These chips were incubated with 3T3 fibroblast cells in cell culture medium for 3 days at 37 °C. After the incubation time the samples were analysed via microscopy and pictures were taken to document the cell growth on the chip surfaces.
The assay was performed three times to get significant results; the data shown in this report display a summary of representative results.
The outcome confirmed the indications of the cell adhesion assays. The uncoated glass transponders showed almost no cell growth on their surface after three days of incubation. In contrast a few cells grew on the EUDRAGIT® RL coated chips, but a significant increase of the amount of cells growing on the chip surface could be observed for the EUDRAGIT® RL coatings with embedded adhesion factors. The results with the highest cell adhesion were proven for the coatings from EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D dispersions with 250 g/mL collagen 1 or 100 g/mL GRGDS peptide.

Claims

Claims
1 . Electronic device unit being equipped on the outside with a coating layer
comprising a cationic (meth)acrylate copolymer.
2. Electronic device unit according to Claim 1 , wherein the electronic device unit is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip unit, a sensor device unit, an implant containing a source for radiotherapy or a drug pump.
3. Electronic device unit according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer coating comprises a copolymer composed of free-radical polymerized units of 85 to 98% by weight of free-radical polymerized Ci- to C4-alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 15 to 2% by weight of (meth)acrylate monomers with a quaternary amino group in the alkyl radical.
4. Electronic device unit according to Claim 3, wherein the polymer coating
comprises a copolymer polymerized out of 50 - 70 % by weight of methyl methacrylate, 20 - 40 % by weight of ethyl acrylate and 4 to 12 % by weight of 2-trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride.
5. Electronic device unit according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, where a dried film of the coating layer effects a cell adhesion of at least 40 % in a cell adhesion assay with 3T3 fibroblast cells.
6. Electronic device unit according to one or more of Claims 1 or 5, wherein the polymer coating comprises the tri-peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) or a peptide consisting of 4 and 7 amino acids including the sequence RDG.
7. Electronic device unit according to one or more of Claims 1 or 6, where the polymer coating comprises collagen.
8. Electronic device unit according to one or more of Claims 1 or 7, where the polymer coating comprises hyaluronic acid.
9. Process for preparing an electronic device unit comprising a polymer coating according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8, by spray coating, dip coating or fluidized bed coating of the electronic device unit by a polymer solution or dispersion.
10. Use of an Electronic device according to one or more of Claims 1 to 8 as an implant for an animal.
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