WO2014107127A1 - Arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine - Google Patents

Arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014107127A1
WO2014107127A1 PCT/SE2013/051524 SE2013051524W WO2014107127A1 WO 2014107127 A1 WO2014107127 A1 WO 2014107127A1 SE 2013051524 W SE2013051524 W SE 2013051524W WO 2014107127 A1 WO2014107127 A1 WO 2014107127A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
filter device
exhaust
arrangement
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2013/051524
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Astrid Simovits
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Publication of WO2014107127A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014107127A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2279/00—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses
    • B01D2279/30—Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours specially modified for specific uses for treatment of exhaust gases from IC Engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0002—Casings; Housings; Frame constructions
    • B01D46/0012—In-line filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to an arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine and a filter device for the arrangement.
  • the invention also pertains to an exhaust system that comprises the arrangement and/or the filter device, and a vehicle that comprises the exhaust system.
  • Combustion engines are used in numerous types of applications and vehicles today, for example in heavy vehicles such as trucks or buses, cars, motorboats, vessels, ferries and ships. Combustion engines are also used in industrial engines and/or motorized industrial robots, power plants, such as electric power plants that contain a diesel generator, and in locomotives.
  • Diesel-powered motor vehicles are consequently equipped with exhaust-purification devices in order to reduce emissions of particles and chemicals that are present in diesel engine exhaust.
  • exhaust-purification devices To regulate emissions, various standards and legal requirements exist that regulate the levels of permissible exhaust emissions.
  • a filter device is used in the exhaust manifold of the engine.
  • the filter device comprises a non-woven filter material of metal fibers.
  • the filter device is essentially circular/cylindrical and comprises a plurality of axially extending ducts that are arranged radially across the internal volume of the cylinder.
  • the non-woven-material is disposed in the ducts of the filter device.
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce soiling of equipment downstream of a combustion engine in relation to the direction of exhaust flow.
  • the object is, in particular, to reduce the number of particles in the exhaust flow in order to reduce the need for cleaning and/or regeneration of purification devices downstream of the combustion engine in the exhaust aftertreatment system.
  • a further object of the invention is to purify the exhaust flow without significantly affecting engine performance.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a filter device that can be adapted to narrow spaces.
  • the invention concerns an arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine.
  • the arrangement comprises an exhaust manifold, which collects exhaust from the cylinders of the combustion engine, wherein each of the cylinders is connected to the collecting chamber of the exhaust manifold via an outlet duct.
  • a filter device is arranged in each of the outlet ducts between the cylinders of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber of the exhaust manifold.
  • Each of the filter devices comprises a fiber filter of silicon dioxide fibers and is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fibers of the fiber filter.
  • the invention concerns a filter device for the arrangement.
  • the filter device comprises a fiber filter of silicon dioxide fibers, which filter is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow. This occurs in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fibers of the fiber filter.
  • the fiber filter is essentially bag-shaped, with an open first end and a closed second end. Designing the filter like a bag makes it possible to increase the area of the filter in a simple manner. The larger the surface of the filter, the higher the filtering efficiency that can be achieved.
  • the invention also concerns an exhaust system that comprises the foregoing arrangement and/or the filter device, and a vehicle that comprises the exhaust system.
  • Fiber filters have many advantages. They are flexible and can easily be adapted to narrow spaces. Fiber filters are easy to fabricate and can be conformed, e.g. by means of compression molding into a desired shape, whereupon the adaptation to narrow spaces is further improved. Fiber filters comprise a large number of fibers, whereby a large effective surface is provided for receiving and capturing soot particles, which can be captured in entangled fibers and/or adhere securely to the surface of the fibers. A high degree of purification can be achieved thereby.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a goods vehicle that contains a combustion engine with an exhaust collector.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows an arrangement according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of a filter device according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a cutaway view of an alternative filter device.
  • the exhaust manifold is a device that comprises a collecting chamber in which the exhaust from the outlet ducts of the cylinders flows.
  • the exhaust manifold also comprises an exhaust outlet.
  • Each of the cylinders is connected to an outlet duct, and the outlet ducts are connected to the collecting chamber.
  • An arrangement according to the invention for reducing the number of particles in the exhaust flow before the exhaust flow leaves the exhaust manifold comprises at least one filter device in an outlet duct between the cylinder(s) of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber of the exhaust manifold.
  • the exhaust flow can then be conducted further for additional exhaust purification in an exhaust aftertreatment system, e.g. to a particulate filter and/or a catalytic converter.
  • the filter device comprises a fiber filter of silicon dioxide fibers and is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fiber filter and/or the fibers of the fiber filter.
  • the fibers in a filter are randomly entangled and form a net, and soot particles, which can have adhesive surfaces, can thus adhere to the surface of the silicon dioxide fibers and be captured in the formed fiber net.
  • the filter device according to the invention functions as a pre-filter, a particle filtering efficiency of ca. 60-80% is acceptable, whereupon devices, conduits and ducts downstream of the engine can be at least partly protected against soiling.
  • the filtering efficiency can of course be even higher.
  • Silicon dioxide fibers tolerate heat and also tolerate various chemicals. Because the silicon dioxide fibers tolerate high temperatures, the captured and/or securely adhering soot particles in the fiber filter can be incinerated spontaneously or guided, and the filter can thus be regenerated. They are consequently extremely well suited for use in conjunction with combustion engines.
  • the silicon dioxide fibers are preferably made of pure silicon dioxide.
  • An example of a fiber material of this type is supplied by the company Saint Gobain Quartz, for example under a trademark Quartzel ® Wool.
  • the fibers in the fiber filter can also be coated with a catalytic material in order to make it possible to incinerate particles continuously at relatively low temperatures of from ca. 200°C to 250°C.
  • the catalytic material can be a noble metal, such as vanadium, rhodium and/or palladium, or some other catalytic material.
  • the silicon dioxide fibers are packed to form a fiber filter.
  • Packing means that the fibers, which are often delivered as a fiber mat in which the silicon dioxide fibers are randomly arranged, is compressed by, for example, mechanical means into a desired volume and/or shape.
  • the filter can also be conformed by means of compression molding.
  • the fibers are malleable and can assume almost any shape, and can thus be adapted for various applications.
  • the fiber filter can also follow bends in the ducts and is consequently useful in those systems that contain bends as well.
  • the filter device according to the invention is essentially bag-shaped, with an open first end and a closed second end, whereby a relatively large filtering surface is obtained.
  • the filter in one type of an exhaust collector can be essentially circular/cylindrical and form a bag-shaped filter.
  • the surface of a filter in the exhaust collector can be at least ca. 0.1 m 2 .
  • the surface of the filter has no upper limit, but for practical reasons the upper limit is ca. 0.3 m 2 , depending on the space inside the exhaust collector.
  • the fibers preferably have a diameter of roughly 7-10 ⁇ in order to further maximize the surface that can capture the soot particles.
  • the thickness of the filter also affects the filtering efficiency of the filter.
  • the wall thickness of the filter depends on the size of the filter, the airflow in the system in question, and the desired degree of purification, but it can range between 10-30 mm, and is preferably between 15 and 20 mm.
  • the porosity of the fiber filter defines how much air the fiber filter contains.
  • the porosity is preferably as high as possible, for example between 95-96%, so that the back pressure in the exhaust system is not notably affected. If the porosity exceeds 96%, the risk that the filter will be compressed by the exhaust flow increases.
  • the fiber filter can have a porosity of between 92- 96%, so that the back pressure in the exhaust system can be kept at an acceptably low level. Low back pressure in the exhaust system yields better engine performance, thus reducing the fuel consumption and making it possible to reduce the amounts of harmful exhaust from engines.
  • the exhaust flow in each duct after each respective cylinder of the combustion engine can vary between ca. 100 and 500 m 3 /h.
  • the risk that the filter will be compressed during operation increases at the higher exhaust flows.
  • the open first end of the bag-shaped fiber filter preferably has a cross- section that corresponds to the cross-section of a duct in which the filter device is intended to be disposed.
  • the cross-section can be circular. This facilitates mounting of the filter in a duct or line in a desired position.
  • the filter device can comprise at least one flange, and the open end can be equipped with the flange or its equivalent.
  • the flange has a shape and size that corresponds to the shape and size of the duct in which the filter device is intended to be disposed.
  • the flange can be furnished with mounting elements, such as a clamp device, in order to further facilitate mounting and removal of the filter device in a duct.
  • the fiber filter can be surrounded by a metal net.
  • the metal net gives the filter steadiness and stability.
  • the metal net is preferably also flexible and can thus be adapted to cramped spaces.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 is equipped with a combustion engine 2, which drivers the drive wheel 4 of the vehicle via a gearbox 6 and a drive shaft 8.
  • the combustion engine 2 is equipped with an exhaust system 1 0 in which a silencer 1 2 is arranged.
  • the combustion engine 2 is powered by a fuel 14, which is supplied to the combustion engine 2 by means of a fuel system 1 6 comprising a fuel tank 1 8.
  • An arrangement 1 00 for filtering particles from the exhaust flow is arranged on the combustion engine 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement 100 in greater detail.
  • the combustion engine 2 comprises six cylinders 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e and 2f (2a-2f).
  • the number of cylinders can be both higher, for example 8, or lower, for example 4 or 2.
  • Intake air is supplied to the cylinders of the combustion engine via an intake manifold 30.
  • Each of the cylinders 2a-2f is connected to an exhaust manifold 20.
  • the exhaust manifold comprises a collecting chamber 21 and outlet ducts 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e and 22f (22a-22f).
  • Each of the outlet ducts 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e and 22f (22a-22f) is connected to a cylinder 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e and 2f (2a-2f).
  • a filter device (24a-24f) is arranged in each of the outlet ducts (22a-22f) between the cylinders (2a-2f) of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber 21 of the exhaust manifold 20.
  • the exhaust is conducted through the bag-shaped filter devices (24a-24f) and soot particles adhere to and/or are captured by the filter devices (24-24f).
  • the exhaust is then conducted from the exhaust collector 20 through an exhaust outlet 40 to subsequent devices, which are not shown in detail.
  • Each of the filter devices 24a-24f can have a structure similar to that shown schematically, but in greater detail, in Figures 3 and 4.
  • FIG 3 shows a filter device 24 that comprises a fiber filter 240 and a flange 243.
  • the fiber filter 240 and thus the filter device 24 are essentially bag- shaped and have an open first end 241 and a closed second end 242.
  • the filter is surrounded by a metal net 244 that gives the filter device stability.
  • the metal net is arranged so that the filter device 24 is still flexible and able to adapt to narrow spaces.
  • Figure 4 shows a cutaway view of a filter device 24'.
  • the filter device 24' comprises a bag-shaped fiber filter 240' with a circular cross-section.
  • the fiber filter 240' and thus the filter device 24' has an open first end 241 ' and a closed second end 242'.
  • the filter device 24' also comprises a flange 243' that facilitates mounting of the filter device in a duct.
  • the filter in this embodiment is not surrounded by a metal net.
  • the filter device with a fiber filter as described above is suitable for use as a pre-filter in an exhaust manifold.
  • the filter according to the invention is especially useful in smaller engines, i.e. engines with a displacement less than or equal to 10 dm 3 .
  • the arrangement comprises a combustion engine with 6 cylinders.
  • Each cylinder has an exhaust flow of 300 m 3 /h, which is relevant in smaller engines, i.e. engines with a displacement of less than 10 dm 3 , especially during so-called bus operation.
  • the filter has an outer diameter of ca. 100 mm and a length of ca. 500 mm, and the outer surface of the fiber filter is ca. 0.15 m 2 .
  • the wall thickness is ca. 15 mm and the porosity ca. 95-99%.
  • a filtering efficiency of ca. 60-80% can be achieved with such a filter. With these dimensions, the back pressure in the system is acceptable and the performance of the combustion engine is not disrupted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an arrangement (100) tor filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine (2). The arrangement comprises an exhaust collector ( 20), which collects exhaust from the cylinders ( 2a-2f) of the combustion engine, wherein each of the cylinders (2a-2f) is connected to the exhaust collector (20) via an outlet duct ( 22a-22f). A filter device ( 24; 24'; 24a-24f) is arranged in each of the outlet ducts (22a-22f) between the cylinders (2a-2f) of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber (21) of the exhaust collector (20), wherein each of the filter devices (24; 24'; 24a-24f) comprises a fiber filter (240; 240') of silicon dioxide fibers and is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fibers of the fiber filter. The invention also concerns a filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) for the arrangement (100) and an exhaust system that contains the arrangement and/or the filter device, and a vehicle that contains the exhaust system. Soiling of equipment downstream of a combustion engine in relation to the direction of exhaust flow can be reduced by means of the arrangement, and the total atmospheric emissions can also be reduced.

Description

Arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention pertains to an arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine and a filter device for the arrangement. The invention also pertains to an exhaust system that comprises the arrangement and/or the filter device, and a vehicle that comprises the exhaust system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Combustion engines are used in numerous types of applications and vehicles today, for example in heavy vehicles such as trucks or buses, cars, motorboats, vessels, ferries and ships. Combustion engines are also used in industrial engines and/or motorized industrial robots, power plants, such as electric power plants that contain a diesel generator, and in locomotives.
Exhaust from combustion engines, particularly diesel engines, contains combustion residues such as soot particles. Diesel-powered motor vehicles are consequently equipped with exhaust-purification devices in order to reduce emissions of particles and chemicals that are present in diesel engine exhaust. To regulate emissions, various standards and legal requirements exist that regulate the levels of permissible exhaust emissions.
There is a major need to reduce the number of particles in exhaust. In addition to the need to meet the legal requirements, there is also a need to protect various conduits, ducts and devices in the vehicle exhaust system downstream of the combustion engine. If the exhaust flow contains large amounts of particles, particulate filters in the exhaust system will become soiled as well. This means that particulate filters have to be regenerated frequently. Regeneration can be performed by, for example, incinerating the soot particles at high temperatures. If the temperature during engine operation is not high enough, engine-related measures will be required to increase the temperature. This leads in turn to higher fuel consumption.
Several different methods and devices have been proposed for exhaust purification. For example, published application US2002/0189247 proposes the use of two-step filtration downstream of a combustion engine. In a first step, a filter device is used in the exhaust manifold of the engine. The filter device comprises a non-woven filter material of metal fibers. The filter device is essentially circular/cylindrical and comprises a plurality of axially extending ducts that are arranged radially across the internal volume of the cylinder. The non-woven-material is disposed in the ducts of the filter device. The disadvantage of this solution is that the structure of the filter device is rigid, and it is not easily adaptable to different types of sizes of lines and ducts.
There is thus still a need for a simple and space-saving solution to reduce the number of particles in the exhaust flow.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to reduce soiling of equipment downstream of a combustion engine in relation to the direction of exhaust flow. The object is, in particular, to reduce the number of particles in the exhaust flow in order to reduce the need for cleaning and/or regeneration of purification devices downstream of the combustion engine in the exhaust aftertreatment system.
A further object of the invention is to purify the exhaust flow without significantly affecting engine performance. A further object of the invention is to provide a filter device that can be adapted to narrow spaces.
These objects are achieved by means of an arrangement as defined in claim 1 and a filter device for the arrangement as defined in claim 8. According to a first aspect, the invention concerns an arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine. The arrangement comprises an exhaust manifold, which collects exhaust from the cylinders of the combustion engine, wherein each of the cylinders is connected to the collecting chamber of the exhaust manifold via an outlet duct. A filter device is arranged in each of the outlet ducts between the cylinders of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber of the exhaust manifold. Each of the filter devices comprises a fiber filter of silicon dioxide fibers and is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fibers of the fiber filter. As a result of this arrangement, the filter devices functions as a pre-filter, and the soiling of equipment downstream of a combustion engine in relation to the direction of exhaust flow can be reduced. The total atmospheric emissions can also be reduced by means of the arrangement according to the invention.
According to one aspect, the invention concerns a filter device for the arrangement. In a manner corresponding to that described above in connection with the arrangement, the filter device comprises a fiber filter of silicon dioxide fibers, which filter is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow. This occurs in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fibers of the fiber filter. The fiber filter is essentially bag-shaped, with an open first end and a closed second end. Designing the filter like a bag makes it possible to increase the area of the filter in a simple manner. The larger the surface of the filter, the higher the filtering efficiency that can be achieved. The invention also concerns an exhaust system that comprises the foregoing arrangement and/or the filter device, and a vehicle that comprises the exhaust system.
Fiber filters have many advantages. They are flexible and can easily be adapted to narrow spaces. Fiber filters are easy to fabricate and can be conformed, e.g. by means of compression molding into a desired shape, whereupon the adaptation to narrow spaces is further improved. Fiber filters comprise a large number of fibers, whereby a large effective surface is provided for receiving and capturing soot particles, which can be captured in entangled fibers and/or adhere securely to the surface of the fibers. A high degree of purification can be achieved thereby.
Additional features, objects and advantages are presented in the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a goods vehicle that contains a combustion engine with an exhaust collector.
Figure 2 schematically shows an arrangement according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of a filter device according to one embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4 schematically shows a cutaway view of an alternative filter device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The exhaust manifold is a device that comprises a collecting chamber in which the exhaust from the outlet ducts of the cylinders flows. The exhaust manifold also comprises an exhaust outlet. Each of the cylinders is connected to an outlet duct, and the outlet ducts are connected to the collecting chamber.
An arrangement according to the invention for reducing the number of particles in the exhaust flow before the exhaust flow leaves the exhaust manifold comprises at least one filter device in an outlet duct between the cylinder(s) of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber of the exhaust manifold. The exhaust flow can then be conducted further for additional exhaust purification in an exhaust aftertreatment system, e.g. to a particulate filter and/or a catalytic converter. The filter device comprises a fiber filter of silicon dioxide fibers and is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow in that the particles adhere to or are captured by the fiber filter and/or the fibers of the fiber filter. The fibers in a filter are randomly entangled and form a net, and soot particles, which can have adhesive surfaces, can thus adhere to the surface of the silicon dioxide fibers and be captured in the formed fiber net.
Because the filter device according to the invention functions as a pre-filter, a particle filtering efficiency of ca. 60-80% is acceptable, whereupon devices, conduits and ducts downstream of the engine can be at least partly protected against soiling. The filtering efficiency can of course be even higher. Silicon dioxide fibers tolerate heat and also tolerate various chemicals. Because the silicon dioxide fibers tolerate high temperatures, the captured and/or securely adhering soot particles in the fiber filter can be incinerated spontaneously or guided, and the filter can thus be regenerated. They are consequently extremely well suited for use in conjunction with combustion engines.
The silicon dioxide fibers are preferably made of pure silicon dioxide. An example of a fiber material of this type is supplied by the company Saint Gobain Quartz, for example under a trademark Quartzel® Wool. The fibers in the fiber filter can also be coated with a catalytic material in order to make it possible to incinerate particles continuously at relatively low temperatures of from ca. 200°C to 250°C. The catalytic material can be a noble metal, such as vanadium, rhodium and/or palladium, or some other catalytic material.
The silicon dioxide fibers are packed to form a fiber filter. Packing means that the fibers, which are often delivered as a fiber mat in which the silicon dioxide fibers are randomly arranged, is compressed by, for example, mechanical means into a desired volume and/or shape. The filter can also be conformed by means of compression molding. The fibers are malleable and can assume almost any shape, and can thus be adapted for various applications. The fiber filter can also follow bends in the ducts and is consequently useful in those systems that contain bends as well.
To achieve the highest possible filtering efficiency in a fiber filter, the surface of the fiber filter should be maximized. The filter device according to the invention is essentially bag-shaped, with an open first end and a closed second end, whereby a relatively large filtering surface is obtained. For example, in one type of an exhaust collector the filter can be essentially circular/cylindrical and form a bag-shaped filter. The surface of a filter in the exhaust collector can be at least ca. 0.1 m2. In theory, the surface of the filter has no upper limit, but for practical reasons the upper limit is ca. 0.3 m2, depending on the space inside the exhaust collector. The fibers preferably have a diameter of roughly 7-10 μιη in order to further maximize the surface that can capture the soot particles. The thickness of the filter also affects the filtering efficiency of the filter. The wall thickness of the filter depends on the size of the filter, the airflow in the system in question, and the desired degree of purification, but it can range between 10-30 mm, and is preferably between 15 and 20 mm.
Another parameter that affects the filtering efficiency is the porosity of the fiber filter. The porosity defines how much air the fiber filter contains. The porosity is preferably as high as possible, for example between 95-96%, so that the back pressure in the exhaust system is not notably affected. If the porosity exceeds 96%, the risk that the filter will be compressed by the exhaust flow increases. The fiber filter can have a porosity of between 92- 96%, so that the back pressure in the exhaust system can be kept at an acceptably low level. Low back pressure in the exhaust system yields better engine performance, thus reducing the fuel consumption and making it possible to reduce the amounts of harmful exhaust from engines.
The exhaust flow in each duct after each respective cylinder of the combustion engine can vary between ca. 100 and 500 m3/h. The risk that the filter will be compressed during operation increases at the higher exhaust flows.
The open first end of the bag-shaped fiber filter preferably has a cross- section that corresponds to the cross-section of a duct in which the filter device is intended to be disposed. For example, the cross-section can be circular. This facilitates mounting of the filter in a duct or line in a desired position.
The filter device can comprise at least one flange, and the open end can be equipped with the flange or its equivalent. The flange has a shape and size that corresponds to the shape and size of the duct in which the filter device is intended to be disposed. The flange can be furnished with mounting elements, such as a clamp device, in order to further facilitate mounting and removal of the filter device in a duct.
The fiber filter can be surrounded by a metal net. The metal net gives the filter steadiness and stability. The metal net is preferably also flexible and can thus be adapted to cramped spaces.
The invention is described below with further reference to Figures 1 -4.
Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a vehicle 1 . The vehicle 1 is equipped with a combustion engine 2, which drivers the drive wheel 4 of the vehicle via a gearbox 6 and a drive shaft 8. The combustion engine 2 is equipped with an exhaust system 1 0 in which a silencer 1 2 is arranged. The combustion engine 2 is powered by a fuel 14, which is supplied to the combustion engine 2 by means of a fuel system 1 6 comprising a fuel tank 1 8. An arrangement 1 00 for filtering particles from the exhaust flow is arranged on the combustion engine 2.
Figure 2 shows the arrangement 100 in greater detail. The combustion engine 2 comprises six cylinders 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e and 2f (2a-2f). The number of cylinders can be both higher, for example 8, or lower, for example 4 or 2. Intake air is supplied to the cylinders of the combustion engine via an intake manifold 30. Each of the cylinders 2a-2f is connected to an exhaust manifold 20. The exhaust manifold comprises a collecting chamber 21 and outlet ducts 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e and 22f (22a-22f). Each of the outlet ducts 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e and 22f (22a-22f) is connected to a cylinder 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e and 2f (2a-2f). A filter device (24a-24f) is arranged in each of the outlet ducts (22a-22f) between the cylinders (2a-2f) of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber 21 of the exhaust manifold 20. The exhaust is conducted through the bag-shaped filter devices (24a-24f) and soot particles adhere to and/or are captured by the filter devices (24-24f). The exhaust is then conducted from the exhaust collector 20 through an exhaust outlet 40 to subsequent devices, which are not shown in detail.
Each of the filter devices 24a-24f can have a structure similar to that shown schematically, but in greater detail, in Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 3 shows a filter device 24 that comprises a fiber filter 240 and a flange 243. The fiber filter 240 and thus the filter device 24 are essentially bag- shaped and have an open first end 241 and a closed second end 242. The filter is surrounded by a metal net 244 that gives the filter device stability. The metal net is arranged so that the filter device 24 is still flexible and able to adapt to narrow spaces. Figure 4 shows a cutaway view of a filter device 24'. The filter device 24' comprises a bag-shaped fiber filter 240' with a circular cross-section. The fiber filter 240' and thus the filter device 24' has an open first end 241 ' and a closed second end 242'. The filter device 24' also comprises a flange 243' that facilitates mounting of the filter device in a duct. The filter in this embodiment is not surrounded by a metal net.
The filter device with a fiber filter as described above is suitable for use as a pre-filter in an exhaust manifold. The filter according to the invention is especially useful in smaller engines, i.e. engines with a displacement less than or equal to 10 dm3.
The following is one example of an arrangement according to the invention. The arrangement comprises a combustion engine with 6 cylinders. Each cylinder has an exhaust flow of 300 m3/h, which is relevant in smaller engines, i.e. engines with a displacement of less than 10 dm3, especially during so-called bus operation. The filter has an outer diameter of ca. 100 mm and a length of ca. 500 mm, and the outer surface of the fiber filter is ca. 0.15 m2. The wall thickness is ca. 15 mm and the porosity ca. 95-99%. A filtering efficiency of ca. 60-80% can be achieved with such a filter. With these dimensions, the back pressure in the system is acceptable and the performance of the combustion engine is not disrupted.
The foregoing examples and embodiments are not limitative of the invention, but rather the invention can be varied freely within the framework of the claims.

Claims

1. An arrangement (100) for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine (2), wherein the arrangement comprises an exhaust manifold (20), which collects exhaust from the cylinders (2a-
2f) of the combustion engine, wherein each of the cylinders (2a-2f) is connected to the collecting chamber (21 ) of the exhaust manifold (20) via an outlet duct (22a-22f), characterized in that a filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) is arranged in each of the outlet ducts (22a-22f) between the cylinders (2a-2f) of the combustion engine and the collecting chamber (21 ) of the exhaust collector (20), wherein each of the filter devices (24; 24'; 24a-24f) comprises a fiber filter (240; 240') of silicon dioxide fibers and is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow.
An arrangement according to claim 1 , characterized in that the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) is essentially bag-shaped with an open first end (241 ; 241 ') and a closed second end (242; 242').
An arrangement according to either of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the open first end (241 ; 241 ') of the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) has a cross-section that corresponds to the cross-section of the respective outlet duct (22a-22f).
An arrangement according to any of claims 1 -3, characterized in that the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) comprises at least one flange (243; 243') to facilitate mounting of the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) in the respective outlet duct (22a-22f).
An arrangement according to any of claims 1 -4, characterized in that the silicon dioxide fibers have a diameter of ca. 7-10 μιη.
6. An arrangement according to any of claims 1 -5, characterized in that the silicon dioxide fibers are coated with a catalytic material, such as a noble metal.
7. An arrangement according to any of claims 1 -6, characterized in that the fiber filter (240) is surrounded by a metal net (244).
8. A filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) for an arrangement (100) according to any of claims 1 -7, characterized in that the filter device (24; 24'; 24a- 24f) comprises a fiber filter (240; 240') of silicon dioxide fibers, which filter (240; 240') is adapted so as to filter particles from the exhaust flow, wherein the fiber filter (240; 240') is essentially bag-shaped with an open first end (241 ; 241 ') and a closed second end (242; 242').
9. A filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) according to claim 8, characterized in that the silicon dioxide fibers are coated with a catalytic material, such as a noble metal.
10. A filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) according to any of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the fibers have a diameter of ca. 7-10 μιη.
11. A filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) according to any of claims 8-10, characterized in that the open first end (241 ; 241 ') of the fiber filter (240; 240') has a cross-section that corresponds to the cross-section of a duct in which the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) is intended to be disposed.
12. A filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) according to any of claims 9-1 1 , characterized in that the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) comprises at least one flange (243; 243') to facilitate mounting of the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) in a duct in which the filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) is intended to be disposed.
13. A filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) according to any of claims 9-12, characterized in that the fiber filter (240; 240') is surrounded by a metal net (244).
14. An exhaust system (10), characterized in that it comprises an arrangement (100) according to any of claims 1 -7.
15. An exhaust system (10), characterized in that it comprises a filter device (24; 24'; 24a-24f) according to any of claims 8-13.
16. A vehicle (1 ), characterized in that it comprises an exhaust system according to claim 14 or 15.
PCT/SE2013/051524 2013-01-04 2013-12-17 Arrangement for filtering soot particles from an exhaust flow of a combustion engine WO2014107127A1 (en)

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19821869A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-18 Wolfgang Mertner Inh Ing Kurt Filter unit for removal of soot from diesel exhaust gases
DE10031154A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2002-01-10 Siegfried Kany Soot filter used in diesel engines comprises hollow cylindrical filter insert consisting of threads and/or yarn formed from silicon dioxide endless fibers
US20020189247A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2002-12-19 Zenichiro Kato Exhaust emission control device and method of controlling exhaust emission
EP1270884A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Emission control apparatus and emission control method
DE202006004489U1 (en) * 2005-05-21 2006-06-01 Elringklinger Ag Seal for combustion engine has catalysis element or particulate filter element connected to the seal with sealing plate whereby sealing plate has exhaust gas passage through which exhaust gas of combustion engine flows
DE202006015784U1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-02-14 Mann + Hummel Gmbh filtering device
DE102008031657A1 (en) * 2008-07-03 2010-01-07 Volkswagen Ag Exhaust converter for exhaust system for catalytic after treatment of combustion engine exhaust gases, has converter housing and carrier body arranged in converter housing
EP2154343A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-17 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Particulate separator, in particular particulate filter for separating particulates from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine
US20100083646A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Witzenmann Gmbh Decoupling element

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19821869A1 (en) * 1998-05-15 1999-11-18 Wolfgang Mertner Inh Ing Kurt Filter unit for removal of soot from diesel exhaust gases
DE10031154A1 (en) * 2000-06-27 2002-01-10 Siegfried Kany Soot filter used in diesel engines comprises hollow cylindrical filter insert consisting of threads and/or yarn formed from silicon dioxide endless fibers
US20020189247A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2002-12-19 Zenichiro Kato Exhaust emission control device and method of controlling exhaust emission
EP1270884A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Emission control apparatus and emission control method
DE202006004489U1 (en) * 2005-05-21 2006-06-01 Elringklinger Ag Seal for combustion engine has catalysis element or particulate filter element connected to the seal with sealing plate whereby sealing plate has exhaust gas passage through which exhaust gas of combustion engine flows
DE202006015784U1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-02-14 Mann + Hummel Gmbh filtering device
DE102008031657A1 (en) * 2008-07-03 2010-01-07 Volkswagen Ag Exhaust converter for exhaust system for catalytic after treatment of combustion engine exhaust gases, has converter housing and carrier body arranged in converter housing
EP2154343A1 (en) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-17 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Particulate separator, in particular particulate filter for separating particulates from an exhaust gas flow of a combustion engine
US20100083646A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Witzenmann Gmbh Decoupling element

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