WO2014106308A1 - Tbm施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统及方法 - Google Patents

Tbm施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014106308A1
WO2014106308A1 PCT/CN2013/000041 CN2013000041W WO2014106308A1 WO 2014106308 A1 WO2014106308 A1 WO 2014106308A1 CN 2013000041 W CN2013000041 W CN 2013000041W WO 2014106308 A1 WO2014106308 A1 WO 2014106308A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
power supply
tbm
rock
dimensional
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PCT/CN2013/000041
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李术才
刘斌
刘征宇
聂利超
宋杰
孙怀凤
林春金
王传武
许新骥
徐磊
郝亭宇
周浩
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority claimed from CN2013200067322U external-priority patent/CN203037864U/zh
Priority claimed from CN2013100051329A external-priority patent/CN103076635B/zh
Application filed by Shandong University filed Critical Shandong University
Priority to US14/235,307 priority Critical patent/US9091779B2/en
Publication of WO2014106308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014106308A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of forward prediction of forward three-dimensional induced polarization in TBM construction tunnels, and more particularly to a system and method for forward detection device for forward three-dimensional induced polarization of TBM construction tunnels.
  • TBM tunnel boring machine
  • the most effective solution is to use advanced geological prediction technology to detect the unfavorable geological conditions in front of the face, and to pre-establish reasonable disposal measures and construction plans according to the geological conditions ahead.
  • TBM machinery is a giant, TBM machinery occupies most of the space behind the tunnel face, unable to be in the tunnel side wall
  • the excitation shot point and receiving system of the pre-existing prediction by the common seismic wave method are arranged, which leads to the seismic wave advance prediction technology commonly used in the drilling and blasting tunnels, such as TSP, TGP, TRT, etc., which cannot be applied in the TBM construction tunnel
  • 2 There are a large number of metal components in the TBM machine.
  • the power supply cable has a huge interference to the electromagnetic field, which leads to the unsatisfactory detection effect of the common electromagnetic geological prediction technology based on the electromagnetic radar method, the transient electromagnetic method and the induced polarization method, so that it cannot be used in the TBM construction tunnel.
  • 3 During TBM construction, there are about two hours of mechanical maintenance time per day. When the TBM cutter head retreats 2-5m during mechanical maintenance, this small space can be used to implement advanced geological prediction, which is small in space and short in available time.
  • the disadvantage of the BEAM method is that the test equipment is complicated to install, the test time is long, and the influence is severe.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described above, and to provide a system and method for forward three-dimensional excitation polarization method of TBM construction tunnel, the basic principle is to arrange shielding electrodes around the face of the face or the bottom wall of the side wall.
  • the system arranges the tomographic detection power supply and measurement system on the face of the hand. Under the action of the shielding current system, the tomographic detection supply current is directed to the front of the face, and the electromagnetic interference of the rear TBM machine to the detection is small.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a TBM construction tunnel forward three-dimensional excitation polarization method advanced detection device system, a main control room is provided in the main body of the TBM, and a controller and a forward direction are provided in the main control room.
  • the multi-layer rock-coupled integrated electrode forms a corresponding side line on the working surface;
  • the power supply electrode B and the receiving electrode N are arranged on the bottom plate of the TBM main working surface, and the rock-coupled integrated electrode is respectively transmitted through the wire and the controller, forward three-dimensional excitation polarization
  • the front-end three-dimensional excitation polarization receiver is connected, the power supply electrode B and the reception electrode N are respectively connected with the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization transmitter and the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization receiver; and the shielding is also provided at the front end and the periphery of the TBM body.
  • Electrode compartment and its delivery device, shielding electrode compartment is equipped with shielding electrode P;
  • video monitoring device is also provided
  • the power supply and measurement electrode compartment has two left and right symmetrically distributed along the center of the TBM body, and the door of the power supply and measurement electrode compartment is divided into upper and lower two, one of which has a convex groove and the other has a groove;
  • the door opening and closing is controlled by the controller.
  • the supporting device comprises three parallel measuring rods, and the measuring rods are connected by a vertical hydraulic lifting device, and horizontal hydraulic expansion devices are arranged at both ends of the measuring rods, and the measuring line in the middle position
  • the rod is connected to the horizontal hydraulic delivery device;
  • the rock-coupled integrated electrode is mounted on each of the line guides and the horizontal hydraulic expansion devices at both ends; the distance between the adjacent line guides is 1.5m-2.0m.
  • the rock-coupled integrated electrode includes two parts of a rock-coupled power supply electrode A and a rock-coupled receiving electrode M, wherein the rock-coupled power supply electrode A includes a metal electrode, the metal electrode is placed in a PVC outer casing, and the metal electrode tip is rock coupled. The material, the bottom end is connected to the wire; the rock-coupled receiving electrode M comprises an unpolarized electrode which is placed in another PVC casing, the top end of which is an electrode cap, and the bottom end is connected to the wire.
  • the video monitoring device is composed of a front camera and a multi-window display.
  • the front camera is installed in the power supply and measuring electrode compartment, and has an illumination lamp, and transmits the picture to the display.
  • the display is installed in the TBM main control room, before The camera is controlled by the controller.
  • the shield electrode compartment and its delivery device comprise a shield electrode compartment, a shield electrode?
  • the hydraulic delivery device is divided into the working surface shielding electrode group and the shield shielding electrode group according to the installation position, and the working surface shielding electrode group is distributed on the contour line circumference of the TBM main cutter head, and is arranged at a position 2-3 m behind the front end of the TBM main body.
  • a shield shield electrode set the shield electrode P includes a metal electrode, the metal electrode is placed in the PVC casing, the top of the metal electrode is a rock coupling material, the bottom end is connected to the wire, the shield electrode is installed at the front end of the hydraulic delivery device, and the hydraulic delivery device is installed In the shield electrode compartment, the shield electrode compartment is provided with a hatch, and the door opening and closing is controlled by the controller.
  • the power supply electrode B and the receiving electrode N on the bottom plate of the TBM main working surface are 100-150 m away from the TBM working surface.
  • An advanced detection method for using a TBM construction tunnel forward three-dimensional excitation polarization method for detecting a device using a TBM construction tunnel forward three-dimensional excitation polarization method, a shielding electrode P is arranged on the contour line of the working surface, A coil of shielding electrode is arranged on the bottom wall of the side wall of the 2 - 3m behind the heading face, and parallel lines formed by a plurality of rock-coupled integrated electrodes are arranged on the working surface; a power supply electrode is arranged on the bottom plate of 100-150 m behind the working surface and Receiving electrode; supplying the power supply electrode and the shielding electrode with the same current, testing the potential difference and half-life of the multilayer rock coupled integrated electrode and the bottom plate receiving electrode, respectively, and changing the current magnitude to test the multilayer rock coupled integrated electrode under different currents The potential difference and half-life of the receiving electrode with the bottom plate; using the measured potential difference data for inversion, obtaining a three-dimensional resistivity image of the geologic body in front of the working face, realizing
  • a positive current I Q is supplied to each rock-coupling power supply electrode A on the working surface, and the power supply electrode B on the bottom plate is supplied with a negative current - 1 0 - all the shielding electrodes P on the contour line of the working surface and the surrounding rock behind the working surface.
  • a positive current 21 is supplied to each of the individual rock-coupled power supply electrodes A on the working surface. , Supply a negative current - Io to the power supply electrode B on the bottom plate, and repeat the above steps of collecting data.
  • the three-dimensional inversion imaging positioning of the water-bearing structure is performed, and the inversion iteration based on the inequality function inequality is used, and the potential difference data U measured in the above step is inverted to obtain the three-dimensional resistivity of the geological body in front of the working face.
  • the half-life data t measured in the step is the difference between the two half-life data of the same point when the current is supplied by the current, and the relationship between the difference data of the half-life and the horizontal distance is plotted, and the calculation is performed.
  • the difference between the decay time and the envelope area St of the abscissa axis is linearly positively correlated according to the envelope area St and the magnitude V of the water quantity, and the positive value is the response of the water quantity, and the water quantity is estimated from the area of the positive value part, and further Realize the estimation of the amount of water from geological disasters.
  • the invention redesigns the TBM machine, and proposes a TBM mechanically assembled tunnel forward three-dimensional excitation polarization method for advanced detection, which comprises the main components of the power supply and measuring electrode compartment and its automatic supporting device,
  • the shielded electrode compartment and its delivery device, forward three-dimensional excitation polarization transmitter, forward three-dimensional excitation polarization receiver, video monitoring device and controller are all considered in consideration of TBM's existing internal space environment and device system. Increased and improved, it is compatible with TBM.
  • the present invention provides a power supply and measurement electrode compartment and an automatic supporting device thereof and a shielding electrode compartment and a delivery device thereof, which can automatically and quickly complete the power supply electrode system, the measuring electrode system and the shielding electrode system under the control of the controller.
  • the layout work has broken through the problem of narrow space for geological prediction of full-section excavation tunnels, and greatly improved the efficiency of geological prediction, saving time and economic costs.
  • the present invention proposes a forward three-dimensional induced polarization method for detecting a TBM construction tunnel, adopting a forward detection method, which has better lead detection directivity compared with the existing BEAM method, and solves the past
  • the problem of serious side interference is effective to improve the forecast distance.
  • the data is collected layer by layer by means of tomography, which can detect the three-dimensional information of the geological body in front of the TBM heading face, and predict the water content, distinguish the free water and the bound water, and solve The problem of three-dimensional water body positioning and water quantity forecasting in the past.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall installation structure of the advanced detecting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the electrode system of the TBM tunneling face of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the TBM cutter head of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the electrode compartment door of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the right compartment of the power supply and measuring electrode compartment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the opening structure of the right cabin door of the power supply and measuring electrode compartment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the snoring structure of the shield electrode compartment door of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the working state of the geological advance prediction of the power supply and measuring electrode compartment and the automatic supporting device thereof, the shielding electrode compartment and the delivery device thereof (including the working face shielding electrode group and the shield shielding electrode group) of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of a rock coupled integrated electrode of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional finite element inversion mesh model of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11(a) is a coordinate line diagram of the difference between the data of the half-life of the invention and the horizontal distance of the detection (known water volume 1).
  • Fig. 1(b) is a coordinate line diagram of the relationship between the difference data of the half-life and the detection horizontal distance of the present invention (known water quantity water body 2).
  • Fig. 11 (c) is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of water and the envelope area of the water body of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the difference data and the horizontal distance measured by the actual geological advance prediction of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of water and the envelope area corrected by the water quantity-excitation parameter database.
  • the letters in Figure 1 mean A (rock coupled power supply electrode), B (power supply electrode), M (rock coupled receiving electrode), N (receiving electrode), P (shield electrode).
  • the controller 6 controls the power supply on the cutter head 5 and measures the left compartment of the electrode compartment 15 and the door of the right compartment 16 of the power supply and measurement electrode compartment to be closed.
  • the three-layer rock-coupled integrated electrode inside the containment chamber and its support device 10 are not subject to wear.
  • the controller 6 controls the power supply and the measurement electrode compartment left cabin 15 and the power supply and measurement electrode compartment right compartment 16 to be simultaneously opened, and controls the horizontal hydraulic delivery devices 21 before starting the geological advance prediction work.
  • the parallel three line guides 20 embedded with the rock-coupled integrated electrode 13 are pushed toward the heading face 1.
  • the door is double-upper and upper, and the fan-slot structure 18 on the electrode compartment has a convex groove, and the lower fan-slot structure of the electrode compartment has a groove, which is tightly closed when closed, and has good airtightness.
  • the controller 6 suspends the horizontal hydraulic delivery device 21, activates the vertical hydraulic lifting device 22, and pushes the upper and lower line guides 20 upward and downward by an equal distance of L5m - 2.0m. After being pushed to the predetermined distance, the controller 6 stops the vertical hydraulic lifting device 22, activates the horizontal hydraulic expansion device 23, and extends each of the line guides 20 to both sides to ensure that the length of the line guide 20 can be achieved as much as possible. The section size of the entire heading face. The controller 6 stops the horizontal hydraulic expansion device 23, activates the horizontal hydraulic delivery device 21, and continues to push the parallel three line guides 20 to the TBM heading face 1 so that all rock coupled integrated electrodes on each line guide 20 13 full working surface 1 in close contact.
  • the rock coupling integrated electrode 13 is a combination of the rock coupled power supply electrode A and the rock coupled receiving electrode M, as shown in FIG. 9, wherein the rock coupled power supply electrode A includes a metal electrode 27, and the metal electrode 27 is placed in the PVC outer casing 31, and the metal electrode 27
  • the top end is a rock coupling material 30, the bottom end is connected to the wire 28;
  • the rock coupling receiving electrode M comprises an unpolarized electrode 26 which is placed in another PVC casing 31, the top end of which is an electrode cap 29, and the bottom end is connected to the wire 28.
  • the metal electrode 27 and the non-polarized electrode 26 are well coupled to the rock through the coupling material 30 (generally a conductive paste), and the coupling material 30 is stored inside the electrode cap 29.
  • the PVC casing 31 is designed to be insulated from the parallel three-wire guide 20 to ensure that the supply current is only transmitted to the working surface 1. Simultaneously pushing the parallel three-line guides 20 in the left compartment 15 of the power supply and measuring electrode compartments and the right compartment 16 of the power supply and measuring electrode compartments to the working surface 1 completes the complete three parallel line arrangements on the working surface 1.
  • the front camera 24 is mounted in the left compartment 15 of the power supply and measurement electrode compartment and/or inside the right compartment 16 of the power supply and measurement electrode compartment. It is designed to be dust-proof, waterproof and shock-proof, and has a light illumination function to clearly capture the electrode.
  • the process of the system is arranged on the work surface and the picture is transmitted to the multi-window display in the main control room 9.
  • a rock-coupling power supply electrode B and a rock-coupled receiving electrode N are arranged on the bottom plate at an infinity from the working surface 1 (e.g., 100 m-150 m behind the working surface).
  • the controller 6 is installed in the main control room 9, mainly controlling the opening and closing of the power supply and measuring electrode compartment door and the retraction of the automatic supporting device, controlling the opening and closing of the shielding electrode compartment door and the receiving of the hydraulic delivery device. Release, control the rotation of the front camera lens to capture the entire process of electrode system placement.
  • the shielding electrode P is divided into two parts, a working surface shielding electrode group 12 and a shield shielding electrode group 25, which have the same structure. As shown in FIG. 7, each includes a shielding electrode compartment 17, which is provided with a hydraulic delivery device 11, hydraulic pressure. The front end of the delivery device 11 is a shield electrode P.
  • the shield electrode P has the same structure as the rock-coupled power supply electrode A, and includes a metal electrode 27, and the metal electrode 27 is placed in the PVC casing 31.
  • the top of the metal electrode 27 is a rock coupling material 30, and the bottom end is connected to the wire 28.
  • the working surface shield electrode group 12 is mounted near the contour of the cutter head 5 (on the cutter head 5), and the shield shield electrode group 25 is mounted around the shield (on the shield, about 1 from the work surface) 2.0m-3.0m).
  • the controller 6 controls the shield electrode compartment 17 to be in a closed state, protecting the internal shield electrode P and the hydraulic delivery device 11 from wear.
  • the controller 6 controls all the shielding electrode compartments 17 to open before the geological advance prediction work is started, and controls the hydraulic delivery device 11 to push the shielding electrode P to the rear of the working surface 1 or the working surface 1 (2.0 M-3.0m) On the surrounding rock 2, until all the shield electrodes P are in close contact with the working face 1 or the surrounding rock 2 behind the working face.
  • All of the supply and shield electrodes P are connected by wires to the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization transmitter 7, and all of the reception electrodes are connected by wires to the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization receiver 8.
  • the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization transmitter 7 can simultaneously transmit multiple supply currents, and the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization receiver 8 is used to control the receiving electrode to measure the potential difference U and the half-life time. After the data is collected, the data is interpreted. , to predict the three-dimensional information of the geological body in front of the TBM heading face 1 and predict the water content.
  • the processing results can be displayed on a multi-window display within the main control room 6.
  • Data is collected layer by layer by forward tomography.
  • a positive current I is supplied to each rock-coupling power supply electrode A on the working surface 1.
  • the power supply electrode B on the bottom plate is supplied with a negative current - Io, and all the shield electrodes P on the surrounding line of the working surface and the working face 1 are supplied with a positive current in the same direction as the rock coupled power supply electrode A on the working surface 1.
  • the potential difference U and the half-life t between the rock-coupled receiving electrode M on the working surface 1 and the receiving electrode N on the bottom plate are collected.
  • the three-dimensional inversion imaging positioning of the water-bearing structure is performed, and the inversion iteration is performed based on the inequality function inequality function method.
  • the potential difference data U measured in the above step is inverted to obtain the three-dimensional geological body in front of the working face. Resistivity image to achieve three-dimensional positioning of the water body.
  • the minimum value problem of equation (1) is a typical quadratic programming problem with inequality constraints.
  • the treatment of inequality constraints is the key to solving this problem.
  • the obstacle function method is used to embed the information of the inequality constraint into the objective function, and the augmented objective function is constructed on the basis of equation (1), as in equation (2): In the formula, constant is greater than zero, which is the obstacle.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ' is the augmented objective function
  • ⁇ is the objective function
  • F is the inequality constraint variable
  • ⁇ is the number of grid resistivity parameters.
  • ⁇ is the model parameter increment vector
  • Arf is the observed data
  • ⁇ -
  • e (l, ⁇ ,- ⁇ ) r
  • F is the diagonal matrix
  • the linear equations (3) are inversion imaging equations with inequality constraints.
  • the application of the barrier function makes the inversion search range limited to the feasible domain. Because of the inequality constraint, this important prior information is added, making the inversion multiplicity. Improvements have a positive effect on improving the inversion effect.
  • the mean square error between A and the forward theoretical value, f inv is the allowable value of the inversion convergence), and the model parameters obtained at this time are output as inversion results. . Otherwise, the next calculation is performed; the partial derivative matrix, the smoothness matrix, and the matrices ⁇ and y are calculated, and the inversion equation (3) is solved to obtain the model increment Am; the new generation model parameters are calculated, and the descending sequence is updated, and the execution is performed (2) ) Step, enter the next cycle. Until the forward theoretical data and the measured data variance is less than the set value (according to the accuracy of the user's required inversion, the set value is not the same, the inversion accuracy is high, then the set value is smaller, otherwise the set value is smaller Large), output model parameters. In this way, the three-dimensional resistivity image of the geological body in front of the working face is obtained, and the three-dimensional positioning of the water body is realized.
  • the half-life data t to estimate the water amount in front of the working surface, and compare the half-life data t measured in the above steps, the two half-life data at the same point of the two currents, and draw the half.
  • the relationship between the difference between the decay time and the horizontal distance, the difference between the half-life and the envelope area St of the abscissa axis, according to the envelope area St and the amount of water V is a linear positive correlation, and the positive part is the response of the water quantity.
  • the water quantity is estimated from the area of the positive part, and then the water quantity of the geological disaster source is estimated.
  • the experimental data also shows that the difference parameter of the half-life has a strong ability to distinguish between free water and bound water.
  • the difference between the half-life is positive, it reflects the amount of free water; the difference between the half-life is Negative values reflect the presence of bound water.
  • the excitation of the supply current and the shielding current is achieved by the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization transmitter 7 in the main control room 6, and the potential difference and the half-life acquisition and calculation are performed in the main control room 6.
  • the three-dimensional resistivity image of the geologic body in front of the working face and the relationship between the difference data of the half-life and the horizontal distance obtained by the forward three-dimensional excitation polarization receiver 8 will be displayed on the multi-screen display on the console Displayed on.

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

一种TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统及方法，其中充分利用全断面开挖隧道狭小的探测空间，通过控制器（6）控制供电和探测电极舱（15，16）、屏蔽电极舱（17）舱门的开启并控制相应液压递送装置（11，21）将供电、测量和屏蔽电极系统自动快速地布置到TBM掘进工作面（1）及其后方的边墙底板上。在屏蔽电极系统的作用下，层析探测供电电流指向工作面（1）前方。利用这种前向三维激发极化探测方法可以获得工作面（1）前方的三维地质信息，并可利用激发极化半衰时之差与水量的关系定量预报含水体的水量大小，同时半衰时之差参数对于自由水和束缚水具有较强的区分能力。

Description

TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装 S系统及方法 技术领域
木发明涉及 TBM施工隧道中进行前向三维激发极化法超前预报的领域，尤其涉及一种 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统及方法。
背景技术
近年来， 隧道施工中采用全断面隧道掘进机（简称 TBM) 机械施工的比例越来越髙， 全断面隧道掘进机是利用回转刀具开挖， 同时破碎洞内围岩及掘进， 形成整个隧道断面的 一种新型、 先进的隧道施工机械。 在使用 TBM掘进时， 一个较为突出的问题就是 TBM机 械对地质条件变化的适应性较差， 当遭遇断层、 破碎带、 岩性交界面、 含水构造等不良地 质情况时， 往往造成 TBM机械被卡、 被埋甚至机械报废的严重事故。 为了降低 TBM施工 中遭遇上述事故的风险， 最为有效的解决方法就是采用超前地质预报技术提前探明掌子面 前方不良地质情况， 并根据前方的地质情况预先制定合理的处置措施和施工预案。
但是， 国内外尚没有十分成熟有效的 TBM施工隧道专用超前地质预报方法。对于超前 地质预报装置和技术而言， TBM施工与钻爆法施工有着本质性的区别：① TBM机械是一个 庞然大物， TBM机械占据了隧道掌子面后方的绝大部分空间， 无法在隧道边墙布置常用的 地震波法超前预报的激发炮点和接收系统， 导致钻爆法隧道中常用的 TSP、 TGP、 TRT等 地震波超前预报技术无法应用在 TBM施工隧道中； ② TBM机械中存在大量的金属构件和 供电电缆对电磁场干扰巨大， 导致地质雷达法、 瞬变电磁法和激发极化法等普通的基于电 磁原理的超前地质预报技术探测效果极不理想， 以至于无法用于 TBM施工隧道中。③ TBM 施工时， 每天大约有两个小时的机械检修时间， 当机械检修时 TBM刀盘后退 2-5m， 这个 狭小的空间可被用于实施超前地质预报， 其空间狭小且可用时间较短。
就目前 TBM施工隧道中的地质超前预报技术而言， 主要有以下两种方法： ①一种是利 用 TBM机械配备的超前钻机进行水平钻探， 这种钻机只能揭露钻孔周围的地质情况， 对于 不与钻孔相交的地质体无法探明， 不能反映 TBM工作面前方整个范围内的地质情况， 极易 遗漏不良地质， 造成误报、 错报及灾害隐患， 且钻孔经济成本和时间成本较高。 ②另一种 是利用德国研发的 BEAM(Bore-Tunneling Electrical Ahead Monitoring)系统， BEAM是一种 一维聚焦类激发极化法， BEAM法的缺点一是测试设备安装复杂， 测试时间长， 严重影响 施工进度； 二是 BEAM法利用每次测量结果与隧道里程的曲线来推断掘进面前方的含水情 况， 探测距离小， 未采用层析成像探测， 无法获得 TBM工作面前方地质体的三维信息， 也 确认本 无法预报水量 此外， 从 BEAM法在我国几个隧道的应用情况来看， 预报结果不理想， 未 得到推广， 有待进行提高和完善。
可见， TBM施工隧道中由于探测空间狭小、 电磁干扰巨大、 可用时间较短等原因， 导 致目前尚没有十分有效实用的超前地质预报技术与装置。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极 化法超前探测装置系统及方法， 其基本原理是在掌子面四周或边墙底板布置屏蔽电极系统， 在掌子面上布置层析探测供电与测量系统， 在屏蔽电流系统的作用下， 层析探测供电电流 指向掌子面前方， 此时后方的 TBM机械对探测的电磁干扰很小， 可忽略； 利用这种前向三 维激发极化探测方法可以获得掌子面前方的三维地质信息， 并可利用激发极化半衰时之差 与水量的关系定量的预报含水体的水量大小。
为实现上述目的， 本发明采用下述技术方案- 一种 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 在 TBM主体内设有主控 室， 主控室内设有控制器、 前向三维激发极化发射机、 前向三维激发极化接收机； 在 TBM 主体的刀盘上设有至少一个供电和测量电极舱， 其上安装多层岩石耦合集成电极及其支撑 装置以及舱门， 多层岩石耦合集成电极在工作面上形成相应的侧线； 在 TBM主体工作面后 方底板设有供电电极 B和接收电极 N， 岩石耦合集成电极分别通过导线与控制器、 前向三 维激发极化发射机、 前向三维激发极化接收机连接， 供电电极 B和接收电极 N分别与前向 三维激发极化发射机、前向三维激发极化接收机连接； 在 TBM主体前端和四周还设有屏蔽 电极舱及其递送装置， 屏蔽电极舱安装屏蔽电极 P;在供电和测量电极舱还设有视频监视装 置， 它与主控室连接。
所述供电和测量电极舱有沿 TBM主体中心对称分布的左右两个，供电和测量电极舱的 舱门分为上下两扇， 其中一扇带有凸槽， 另一扇带有凹槽； 舱门启闭由控制器控制。
所述支撑装置包括平行的三个测线导杆， 各测线导杆间通过竖直液压升降装置连接， 在各测线导杆两端还设有水平液压扩展装置， 中间位置的测线导杆与水平液压递送装置连 接； 岩石耦合集成电极安装在各测线导杆及两端水平液压扩展装置上； 相邻测线导杆之间 为 1.5m-2.0m。
所述岩石耦合集成电极包括集成在一起的岩石藕合供电电极 A和岩石耦合接收电极 M 两部分， 其中岩石耦合供电电极 A包括金属电极， 金属电极置于 PVC外壳内， 金属电极顶 端为岩石耦合材料， 底端与导线连接； 岩石耦合接收电极 M包括不极化电极， 它置于另一 PVC外壳内， 其顶端是电极帽， 底端与导线连接。 所述视频监视装置由前置摄像机和多视窗显示器构成， 前置摄像机安装在供电和测量 电极舱内， 且带有照明灯， 并将画面传输到显示器， 显示器安设在 TBM主控室内， 前置摄 像机由控制器控制。
所述屏蔽电极舱及其递送装置包括屏蔽电极舱、屏蔽电极？、液压递送装置， 并根据安 装位置分工作面屏蔽电极组和护盾屏蔽电极组，工作面屏蔽电极组分布在 TBM主体刀盘的 轮廓线周圈， 在 TBM主体前端后方 2-3m的位置布置一圈护盾屏蔽电极组； 屏蔽电极 P包 括金属电极， 金属电极置于 PVC外壳内， 金属电极顶端为岩石耦合材料，底端与导线连接， 屏蔽电极安装在液压递送装置前端， 液压递送装置安装在屏蔽电极舱内， 屏蔽电极舱设有 舱门， 舱门启闭由控制器控制。
所述 TBM 主体工作面后方底板上的供电电极 B 和接收电极 N 距离 TBM 工作面 100-150m。
一种利用 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统的超前探测方法，利用 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统在工作面轮廓线上布置一圈屏蔽电极 P， 在掘进工作面后方 2- 3m的边墙底板上布置一圈屏蔽电极， 在工作面上布置多条岩石耦 合集成电极形成的平行测线； 在工作面后方 100-150m的底板上设供电电极和接收电极； 将供电电极与屏蔽电极供入同向的电流， 分别测试多层岩石耦合集成电极与底板接收 电极的电势差和半衰时， 并改变电流大小测试不同电流下的多层岩石耦合集成电极与底板 接收电极的电势差和半衰时； 利用测得的电势差数据进行反演， 得到工作面前方地质体的 三维电阻率图像， 实现含水体的三维定位； 用测得的半衰吋绘出半衰时之差数据与水平距 离的关系坐标图， 计算半衰时之差与横坐标轴的包络面积， 绘制出包络面积的二维剖面图， 实现工作面前方水量的估算。
对工作面上的各岩石耦合供电电极 A供入正电流 IQ，底板上的供电电极 B供入负电流- 10-工作面轮廓线上和工作面后方围岩上的所有屏蔽电极 P供入与工作面上岩石耦合供电电 极 A同向的正电流，采集工作面上的岩石耦合接收电极 M同底板上接收电极 N之间的电势 差 U和半衰时 t;
各条测线按照上述供电和测量方法采集完数据之后， 对工作面上的各单个岩石耦合供 电电极 A供入正电流 21。， 对底板上的供电电极 B供入负电流- Io, 重复上述采集数据的步 骤。
数据采集完备后， 进行含水构造的三维反演成像定位， 采用基于障碍函数法不等式约 束反演迭代等处理， 上述步骤测得的电势差数据 U进行反演， 得到工作面前方地质体的三 维电阻率图像， 实现含水体的三维定位； 采用千衰时数据 t进行工作面前方水量估算， 将上 述步骤中测得的半衰时数据 t， 大小两次电流供电时相同点位的两个半衰时数据做差， 分别 绘出半衰时之差数据与水平距离的关系坐标图， 计算半衰时之差与横坐标轴的包络面积 St， 根据包络面积 St与水量的大小 V成线性正相关关系， 正值部分为水量的响应， 由正值部分 的面积估算水量的大小， 进而实现对地质灾害源水量的估算。
本发明具有以下有益效果-
1>本发明对 TBM机械进行了改造设计， 提出了一种 TBM机械上装配的隧道前向三维 激发极化法超前探测装置， 其包含的主要部件有供电和测量电极舱及其自动支撑装置、 屏 蔽电极舱及其递送装置、 前向三维激发极化发射机、 前向三维激发极化接收机、 视频监视 装置和控制器， 均是在对 TBM现有内部空间环境和装置系统综合考量下的增加和改进， 可 与 TBM良好兼容。
2>本发明提出了一种供电和测量电极舱及其自动支撑装置和屏蔽电极舱及其递送装 置， 能够在控制器的控制下自动快速地完成供电电极系统、 测量电极系统和屏蔽电极系统 的布置工作， 突破了全断面开挖隧道地质超前预报探测空间狭小的难题， 并且极大地提髙 了地质超前预报的工作效率， 节约了时间成本和经济成本。
3>本发明提出了一种 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测方法，采用了前向探 测方式， 与现有的 BEAM法相比， 具有更好的超前探测指向性， 解决了以往旁侧干扰严重 的难题， 有效地提高了预报距离； 采用层析的方法逐层采集数据， 能够探测获得 TBM掘进 工作面前方地质体的三维信息， 并且预报含水量、 区分自由水和束缚水， 解决了以往三维 含水体定位和水量预报的难题。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明超前探测装置整体安装结构示意图。
图 2 是本发明 TBM掘进工作面电极系统布置示意图。
图 3 是本发明 TBM刀盘结构示意图。
图 4是本发明电极舱舱门结构剖面图。
图 5 是本发明供电和测量电极舱右舱内部结构示意图。
图 6 是本发明供电和测量电极舱右舱舱门打开结构示意图。
图 7 是本发明屏蔽电极舱舱门打幵结构示意图。
图 8 是本发明供电和测量电极舱及其自动支撑装置、 屏蔽电极舱及其递送装置 （包括工 作面屏蔽电极组和护盾屏蔽电极组） 地质超前预报工作状态示意图。
图 9 是本发明岩石耦合集成电极剖面图。
图 10是本发明三维有限元反演网格模型示意图。 图 11(a)是木发明半衰时之差数据与探测水平距离关系坐标折线图 （已知水量水体 1 )。 图 1 1(b)是本发明半衰时之差数据与探测水平距离关系坐标折线图 （已知水量水体 2)。 图 11(c)是本发明两次探测己知水量水体所得水量与包络面积关系曲线。
图 12 是本发明实际地质超前预报测得的半衰时之差数据与水平距离关系曲线。
图 13 是经过水量-激电参数数据库修正得到的水量与包络面积关系曲线。
其中， 1.TBM掘进工作面， 2.围岩， 3. 工作面前方不良地质体， 4.TBM主体， 5.刀盘， 6.控制器， 7.前向三维激发极化发射机， 8.前向三维激发极化接收机， 9.主控室， 10.支撑装 置， 1 1.液压递送装置， 12,工作面屏蔽电极组， 13.岩石耦合集成电极， 14.滚刀， 15.供电和 测量电极舱左舱， 16.供电和测量电极舱右舱， 17.屏蔽电极舱， 18.电极舱上扇凸槽结构， 19. 电极舱下扇凹槽结构， 20.测线导杆， 21.水平液压递送装置， 22.竖直液压升降装置， 23.水 平液压扩展装置， 24.前置摄像头， 25.护盾屏蔽电极组， 26.不极化电极， 27.金属电极， 28. 导线， 29.电极帽， 30.岩石锅合材料， 31.PVC外壳
另外， 图 1中字母含义分别为 A (岩石耦合供电电极）、 B (供电电极）、 M (岩石耦合 接收电极）、 N (接收电极）、 P (屏蔽电极）。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实例和附图对本发明进行进一步的阐述。
本发明所述的一切工作均在 TBM主控室 9内实现。 首先介绍 TBM掘进工作面供电和测量 电极系统的布置过程。
如图 1、 2所示， TBM主体 4向前掘进时， 控制器 6控制刀盘 5上的供电和测量电极 舱左舱 15和供电和测量电极舱右舱 16的舱门处于关闭状态， 以保护舱室内部的三层岩石 耦合集成电极及其支撑装置 10不受磨损。 当 TBM主体 4停止掘进后， 开始地质超前预报 工作前， 控制器 6控制供电和测量电极舱左舱 15和供电和测量电极舱右舱 16的舱门同时 开启， 并控制各水平液压递送装置 21将嵌有岩石耦合集成电极 13的平行的三个测线导杆 20推向掘进工作面 1。 舱门为上下双扇， 电极舱上扇凸槽结构 18带有凸槽， 电极舱下扇凹 槽结构 19带有凹槽， 闭合时严丝合缝， 密闭性好。
在接近工作面 1时， 控制器 6暂停水平液压递送装置 21， 启动竖直液压升降装置 22, 将上、 下两侧线导杆 20分别向上、 向下等距离推送 L5m-2.0m。 推至预定距离后， 控制器 6停止竖直液压升降装置 22，启动水平液压扩展装置 23，将各测线导杆 20分别向两侧延伸， 尽可能地保证测线导杆 20的长度能够达到整个掘进工作面的断面尺寸。控制器 6停止水平 液压扩展装置 23 , 启动水平液压递送装置 21 , 继续将平行的三个测线导杆 20推送至 TBM 掘进工作面 1， 使各测线导杆 20上的所有岩石耦合集成电极 13完全 工作面 1紧密接触。 岩石耦合集成电极 13是岩石耦合供电电极 A和岩石耦合接收电极 M的组合，如图 9所示， 其中岩石耦合供电电极 A包括金属电极 27， 金属电极 27置于 PVC外壳 31内， 金属电极 27顶端为岩石耦合材料 30，底端与导线 28连接；岩石耦合接收电极 M包括不极化电极 26， 它置于另一 PVC外壳 31内， 其顶端是电极帽 29, 底端与导线 28连接。
当岩石耦合集成电极 13与工作面 1紧密接触时， 金属电极 27和不极化电极 26就通过 耦合材料 30 (—般为导电胶）与岩石良好耦合， 耦合材料 30就储存在电极帽 29内部， PVC 外壳 31的设计是为了与平行三测线导杆 20之间绝缘，保证供电电流只传输到工作面 1。将 供电和测量电极舱左舱 15和供电和测量电极舱右舱 16中的平行三测线导杆 20同时推至工 作面 1 , 完成工作面 1上完整的三条平行测线布置。
前置摄像头 24安装在供电和测量电极舱左舱 15和 /或供电和测量电极舱右舱 16内部， 设计为防尘、 防水和防震动， 且带有灯光照明功能， 能够清晰地捕捉到电极系统在工作面 上布置的过程， 并将画面传输到主控室 9内的多视窗显示器上。 在距离工作面 1无穷远处 (如工作面后方 100m-150m ) 底板上， 布置一根岩石耦合供电电极 B和一根岩石耦合接收 电极 N。
控制器 6安装在主控室 9内， 主要控制供电和测量电极舱舱门的开启和关闭及其自动 支撑装置的收放、 控制屏蔽电极舱舱门的开启和关闭及其液压递送装置的收放， 控制前置 摄像机镜头的转动以捕捉电极系统布置的整个过程。
接下来， 介绍屏蔽电极系统的布置过程。
屏蔽电极 P分为工作面屏蔽电极组 12和护盾屏蔽电极组 25两部分， 它们结构相同， 如图 7所示， 均包括 ·个屏蔽电极舱 17 , 其内设有液压递送装置 11， 液压递送装置 11前 端为屏蔽电极 P。 屏蔽电极 P与岩石耦合供电电极 A结构相同， 包括金属电极 27， 金属电 极 27置于 PVC外壳 31内， 金属电极 27顶端为岩石耦合材料 30， 底端与导线 28连接。
工作面屏蔽电极组 12的安装位置靠近刀盘 5轮廓线 （在刀盘 5上）， 护盾屏蔽电极组 25 的安装位置则是围绕护盾一圈 （在护盾上， 距离工作面 1 约 2.0m-3.0m)。 TBM主体 4 向前掘进时， 控制器 6控制屏蔽电极舱 17舱门处于关闭状态， 保护内部的屏蔽电极 P和液 压递送装置 11不受磨损。 当 TBM主体 4停止掘进后， 开始地质超前预报工作前， 控制器 6控制所有屏蔽电极舱 17舱门打开， 并控制液压递送装置 11将屏蔽电极 P推送至工作面 1 或工作面 1后方 （2.0m-3.0m) 围岩 2上， 直至所有屏蔽电极 P与工作面 1或工作面后方围 岩 2紧密接触。 屏蔽电极 P内只由一根金属电极 27， 没有不极化电极 26， 属于岩石耦合供 电屯极。 电极系统布置完成后， 便开始数据采集的工作。 所有供电电极和屏蔽电极 P通过导线 连接到前向三维激发极化发射机 7上， 所有接收电极通过导线连接到前向三维激发极化接 收机 8上。 前向三维激发极化发射机 7可同时发射多路供电电流， 前向三维激发极化接收 机 8用于控制接收电极测量电势差 U及半衰时^数据采集完后， 对数据进行解译处理， 预 报 TBM掘进工作面 1前方地质体的三维信息并预测含水量。处理结果可显示在主控室 6内 的多视窗显示器上。
下面， 介绍前向三维激发极化法超前探测方法的实现过程。
①采用前向层析的方法逐层采集数据， 首先对工作面上 1的各岩石耦合供电电极 A供 入正电流 I。， 底板上的供电电极 B供入负电流 - Io， 工作面〗轮廓线上和工作面 1后方围岩 上的所有屏蔽电极 P供入与工作面 1上岩石耦合供电电极 A同向的正电流， 采集工作面 1 上的岩石耦合接收电极 M同底板上接收电极 N之间的电势差 U和半衰时 t。 所有三条测线 按照上述供电和测量方法采集完数据之后， 对工作面 1上的各单个岩石耦合供电电极 A供 入正电流 2IQ， 对底板上的供电电极 B供入负电流 - IG， 重复上述采集数据的步骤。
②数据采集完备后， 进行含水构造的三维反演成像定位， 釆用基于障碍函数法不等式 约束反演迭代进行处理， 上述步骤测得的电势差数据 U进行反演， 得到工作面前方地质体 的三维电阻率图像， 实现含水体的三维定位。 具体步骤如下：
综合考虑光滑约束和不等式约束， 提出如下反演目标函数：
^ = (dobs -d (dobs -dm)+ (Cm)T(Cm)
， . ( 1 ) subject to pmin. < mi < pmaxi 式中， 为实际观测数据， 为正演得到的理论观测数据， m为模型参数向量， C 为光滑度矩阵， Λ为拉格朗日常数， 决定了光滑约束的权重， ,. 为第 个网格的电阻率， 和/) o^分别为第 i个网格的电阻率的下限和上限。 需要指出的是， 电阻率的变化范 围可以是根据一般常识获得的较为宽泛的一个范围， 也可以是根据钻孔等方式获得的较为 精确的一个范围。
求式 (1)的极小值问题是一个典型的携带不等式约束的二次规划问题， 对不等式约束的 处理是求解该问题的关键。采用障碍函数法将不等式约束的信息嵌入到目标函数中，在式 (1) 的基础上构造增广目标函数， 如式 (2): 式中， 恒大于零， 为障碍因了 ·， Φ '为增广目标函数， Φ为目标函数， F为不等式约 束变量， Μ为网格电阻率参数个数。
采用牛顿法 (Newton Method)求解增广目标函数的最优化问题， 得到下式-
(ArA + XCTC + μκΧ 2 + μ,Υ'2)Αηί
= ΑΤΜ - CTCm + μ^Χ λ - F 1 )e
( 3 )
式中， 为偏导数矩阵， ^为模型参数增量向量， Arf为观测数据， ^ = - , e = (l, \,-\)r , F都是对角矩阵， AT矩阵的对角线元素为 ^ - pmin,. ( =1 , 2, M), y矩阵的 对角线元素为 max, - ,. 0=1 , 2, M), 为 ^在计算过程中所取的严格单调递减且趋于零 的一个序列。
线性方程组 (3)是含有不等式约束的反演成像方程， 障碍函数的施加使得反演搜索范围 被限定在可行域内， 由于增加了不等式约束这种重要的先验信息， 使得反演多解性得到改 善， 对提高反演效果具有积极作用。
进行反演成像时， 首先建立三维有限元反演模型 （如图 10所示）， 设定网格电阻率的 初值， 确定网格电阻率的变化范围； 然后， 利用有限单元法进行数值正演， 正演中大型线性 方程组利用 cholesky分解法求解， 得到相应的理论观测数据 < m： 进行反演收敛判断， 若理 论观测数据与实际观测数据之间的误差满足收敛判据 (收敛判据为 ms < είην，其中 π«为观测 数据 rf。A与正演理论值 之间的均方误差， finv为反演收敛的容许值)， 将此时得到的模型参 数作为反演结果输出。反之进行下一步计算；计算偏导数矩阵、光滑度矩阵以及矩阵 ΛΓ和 y， 求解反演方程 (3)， 得到模型增量 Am ; 计算得到新一代模型参数， 按照递减数列更新 ， 执 行第 (2)步， 进入下一循环。 直至正演的理论观测数据与测量数据的方差小于设定值 （根据 用户所要求反演的精度不同， 设定值不一样， 反演精度高， 则设定值较小， 反之设定值较 大）， 输出模型参数。 从而反演得到工作面前方地质体的三维电阻率图像， 实现含水体的三 维定位。
③采用半衰时数据 t进行工作面前方水量估算， 将上述步骤中测得的半衰时数据 t， 大 小两次电流供电时相同点位的两个半衰时数据做差， 分别绘出半衰时之差数据与水平距离 的关系坐标图， 计算半衰时之差与横坐标轴的包络面积 St， 根据包络面积 St与水量的大小 V成线性正相关关系， 正值部分为水量的响应， 由正值部分的面积估算水量的大小， 进而 实现对地质灾害源水量的估算。
在具体的工程中应用时， 步骤如下：
首先找到两个以上的已知水量水体， 进行试验性探测， 如图 11(a)和图 11(b)所示， 获得 探测结果， 并测取实际开挖后的含水构造的水量， 建立水量 V与激电信息 St (半衰时之差 与横轴的包络面积）初步的数学线性关系表达式 y=ax+b， 如图 11(c)所示， 将实测水量和半 衰时之差数据放入水量 -激电参数数据库。
在实际地质超前预报工作中， 利用水量-激电参数数据库中得到的数学表达式 y=ax+b 和实测半衰时之差数据 （如图 12所示） 进行水量估算。
测取实际开挖后的含水体水量， 并修正预测数据 （如图 13所示）， 将实测水量和半衰 时之差数据放入水量 -激电参数数据库， 再根据数据库中的数据修正数学关系式， 以便进行 后续的水量预报工作。
同时， 试验数据还表明， 半衰时之差参数对于自由水和束缚水具有较强的区分能力， 半衰时之差为正值时， 反映的是自由水的水量； 半衰时之差为负值时， 反映的是束缚水的 存在情况。
整个数据采集的过程中， 供电电流和屏蔽电流的激发是通过主控室 6 内的前向三维激 发极化发射机 7实现的， 电势差和半衰吋采集和计算是通过主控室 6内的前向三维激发极 化接收机 8实现的， 经过反演得到的工作面前方地质体的三维电阻率图像以及半衰时之差 数据与水平距离的关系坐标图将在操作台上的多屏显示器上显示。
本发明未详述内容均为现有技术， 不再赘述。

Claims

1.一种 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其特征在于， 在 TBM 主体内设有主控室， 主控室内设有控制器、 前向三维激发极化发射机、 前向三维激发极化 接收机； 在 TBM主体的刀盘上设有至少一个供电和测量电极舱， 其上安装多层岩石耦合集 成电极及其支撑装置以及舱门，多层岩石耦合集成电极在工作面上形成相应的侧线；在 TBM 主体工作面后方底板设有供电电极 B和接收电极 N， 岩石耦合集成电极分别通过导线与控 制器、 前向三维激发极化发射机、 前向三维激发极化接收机连接， 供电电极 B和接收电极 N分别与前向三维激发极化发射机、 前向三维激发极化接收机连接； 在 TBM主体前端和四 周还设有屏蔽电极舱及其递送装置，屏蔽电极舱安装屏蔽电极 P; 在供电和测量电极舱还设 有视频监视装置， 它与主控室连接。
2.如权利要求 1所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其特征 在于， 所述供电和测量电极舱有沿 TBM主体中心对称分布的左右两个， 供电和测量电极舱 的舱门分为上下两扇， 其中一扇带有凸槽， 另一扇带有凹槽； 舱门启闭由控制器控制。
3.如权利要求 1所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其特征 在于， 所述支撑装置包括平行的三个测线导杆， 各测线导杆间通过竖直液压升降装置连接， 在各测线导杆两端还设有水平液压扩展装置， 中间位置的测线导杆与水平液压递送装置连 接； 岩石耦合集成电极安装在各测线导杆及两端水平液压扩展装置上； 相邻测线导杆之间 为 1.5m-2.0m。
4.如权利要求 1或 3所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其 特征在于， 所述岩石耦合集成电极包括集成在一起的岩石耦合供电电极 A和岩石耦合接收 电极 M两部分， 其中岩石耦合供电电极 A包括金属电极， 金属电极置于 PVC外壳内， 金 属电极顶端为岩石耦合材料， 底端与导线连接； 岩石耦合接收电极 M包括不极化电极， 它 置于另一PVC外壳内， 其顶端是电极帽， 底端与导线连接。
5.如权利要求 1所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其特征 在于， 所述视频监视装置由前置摄像机和多视窗显示器构成， 前置摄像机安装在供电和测 量电极舱内， 且带有照明灯， 并将画面传输到显示器， 显示器安设在 TBM主控室内， 前置 摄像机由控制器控制。
6.如权利要求 1所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其特征 在于， 所述屏蔽电极舱及其递送装置包括屏蔽电极舱、 屏蔽电极！5、 液压递送装置， 并根据 安装位置分工作面屏蔽电极组和护盾屏蔽电极组，工作面屏蔽电极组分布在 TBM主体刀盘 的轮廓线周圈， 在 TBM主体前端后方 2-3m的位置布置一圈护盾屏蔽电极组； 屏蔽电极 P 包括金属电极， 金属电极置于 PVC外壳内， 金属电极顶端为岩石耦合材料， 底端与导线连 接， 屏蔽电极安装在液压递送装置前端， 液压递送装置安装在屏蔽电极舱内， 屏蔽电极舱 设有舱门， 舱门启闭由控制器控制。
7.如权利要求 1所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统， 其特征 在于， 所述 TBM主体工作面后方底板上的供电电极 B和接收电极 N距离 TBM工作面 100-150m。
8.—种利用权利要求 1所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统的 超前探测方法， 其特征在于， 利用 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统在 工作面轮廓线上布置一圈屏蔽电极 P， 在掘进工作面后方 2-3m的边墙底板上布置一圈屏蔽 电极， 在工作面上布置多条岩石耦合集成电极形成的平行测线； 在工作面后方 100-150m的 底板上设供电电极和接收电极；
将供电电极与屏蔽电极供入同向的电流， 分别测试多层岩石耦合集成电极与底板接收 电极的电势差和半衰时， 并改变电流大小测试不同电流下的多层岩石耦合集成电极与底板 接收电极的电势差和半衰时； 利用测得的电势差数据进行反演， 得到工作面前方地质体的 三维电阻率图像， 实现含水体的三维定位； 用测得的半衰时绘出半衰时之差数据与水平距 离的关系坐标图， 计算半衰时之差与横坐标轴的包络面积， 绘制出包络面积的二维剖面图， 实现工作面前方水量的估算。
9.如权利要求 8所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统的超前探 测方法， 其特征在于， 对工作面上的各岩石耦合供电电极 A供入正电流 Io， 底板上的供电 电极 B供入负电流- 10, 工作面轮廓线上和工作面后方围岩上的所有屏蔽电极 Ρ供入与工作 面上岩石耦合供电电极 Α同向的正电流，采集工作面上的岩石耦合接收电极 M同底板上接 收电极 N之间的电势差 U和半衰时 t;
各条测线按照上述供电和测量方法采集完数据之后， 对工作面上的各卑个岩石耦合供 电电极 A供入正电流 21。， 对底板上的供电电极 B供入负电流- I。， 重复上述采集数据的步 骤。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的 TBM施工隧道前向三维激发极化法超前探测装置系统的超前 探测方法， 其特征在于， 数据采集完备后， 进行含水构造的三维反演成像定位， 采用基于 光滑约束的最小二乘反演迭代等处理， 上述步骤测得的电势差数据 U进行反演， 得到工作 面前方地质体的三维电阻率图像， 实现含水体的三维定位；采用半衰时数据 t进行工作面前 方水量估算， 将上述步骤中测得的半衰时数据 t， 大小两次电流供电时相同点位的两个半衰 时数据做差， 分别绘出半衰时之差数据与水平距离的关系坐标图， 计算半衰时之差与横坐 标轴的包络面积 St， 根据包络面积 St与水量的大小 V成线性正相关关系， 正值部分为水量 的响应， 由正值部分的面积估算水量的大小， 进而实现对地质灾害源水量的估算， 利用半 衰时之差的特性， 区分自由水和束缚水， 即半衰时之差为正值时， 反映的是自由水的水量; 半衰时之差为负值时， 反映的是束缚水的存在情况。
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