WO2014098635A2 - Method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element - Google Patents

Method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014098635A2
WO2014098635A2 PCT/PL2013/000170 PL2013000170W WO2014098635A2 WO 2014098635 A2 WO2014098635 A2 WO 2014098635A2 PL 2013000170 W PL2013000170 W PL 2013000170W WO 2014098635 A2 WO2014098635 A2 WO 2014098635A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
amount
clad
layers
favorably
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/PL2013/000170
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2014098635A3 (en
Inventor
Aleksander BOREK
Original Assignee
Plasma System S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plasma System S.A. filed Critical Plasma System S.A.
Publication of WO2014098635A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014098635A2/en
Publication of WO2014098635A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014098635A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a method of cladding a metallic coat on a metallic element, especially for the purpose of reinstating worn-out or damaged parts of machinery.
  • polish patent PL 207497 a method of laser cladding with adjustment of the chemical composition of the cladding layer, where the melt pool receives simultaneously an additional material in the form of a solid or powder wire, and an additional material in the form of metallic powder, ceramic powder or cermet powder, where the chemical composition of the clad layer, and therefore its chemical properties are adjusted by proper control of energy in a linear laser beam of a power of 0.8 kW - 2.2 kW, wire feeding speed of 0.2 m/min - 1.2 m/min and powder feeding intensity of 1.0 g/min - 15.0 g/min.
  • the present invention refers to a method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element, wherein at least two layers are clad on a metallic element, favorably by laser cladding, wherein the first layer has a thickness no greater than 3.0 mm, and favorably from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and next layers have thicknesses of at least 20% by weight of the thickness of the first layer, and favorably have a thickness similar to the thickness of the first layer.
  • metallic material layers are favorably clad using a material having the same chemical composition.
  • metallic material layers are favorably clad using a material having a different chemical composition.
  • a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of material, which in addition to iron contains the following: carbon in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.90% by weight, manganese in the amount of 0.40% by weight to 0.70% by weight, silicon in the amount of 0.80% by weight to 0.90% by weight, chromium in the amount of 0.60% by weight to 1.40% by weight, nickel in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, copper in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight, vanadium in the amount of up to 0.14% by weight, sulfur in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight and phosphorous in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight.
  • a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of material, which in addition to copper contains the following: tin in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 11.00% by weight, aluminum in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 12.00% by weight, zinc in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 8.00% by weight, lead in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 33.00% by weight, manganese in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 15.00% by weight, nickel in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, iron in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, cobalt in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.60% by weight, silicon in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 5,00% by weight, beryllium in the amount of 1.40% by weight to 3.00% by weight, titanium in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.40% by weight, phosphorous in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 1.50% by weight,
  • An advantage of the method according to the invention is that heat provided while cladding another metallic layer tempers the surface of a metallic element of a machine, which is hardened by the heat of the previously clad metallic layer.
  • a method according to the invention enables efficient and effective restoration of worn-out or damaged metal elements such as for example parts of machinery, and an important result of using the method according to the invention is that original mechanical parameters of the substrate are restored.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to improve brand new metallic elements as well.
  • Material of a worn-out steel cogwheel after cladding e.g. laser cladding, of a steel layer of a thickness of around 2.00 mm, as a result of hardening provided while cladding with a 3000 W laser is characterized by excessive hardness and brittleness, which may lead to mechanism damage.
  • a laser cladding process was performed in two stages, by laser cladding of two layers, each having a thickness of around 1.00, using steel which in addition to iron contained the following: carbon in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.90% by weight, manganese in the amount of 0.40% by weight to 0.70% by weight, silicon in the amount of 0.80% by weight to 0.90% by weight, chromium in the amount of 0.60% by weight to 1.40% by weight, nickel in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, copper in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight, vanadium in the amount of up to 0.14% by weight, sulfur in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight, and phosphorous in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight.
  • the material of the cogwheel characterized by disadvantageous hardening while applying the first cladding layer, was tempered by the heat delivered while cladding the second metallic layer.
  • a wheel rim is the element of the wheel which is most worn in rail transportation.
  • the wheel was restored by laser cladding of two material layers on the cleaned surface of the wheel, said material having the following chemical composition: carbon 0.45% by weight, manganese 0.70% by weight, silicon 0.90% by weight, chromium 1.10% by weight, nickel 0.30% by weight, copper up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum 0.10% by weight, vanadium 0.12% by weight, sulfur up to 0.04% by weight, phosphorous up to 0.04% by weight; the rest was iron, and then, after mechanical leveling of the melt clad, a layer of aluminum bronze was clad, with the following elements added to copper: aluminum in the amount of 9.42% by weight, iron in the amount of 1.12% by weight, wherein heat provided while laser cladding of a bronze layer tempered the surface of the steel hardened while cladding the first layer.
  • a method according to the invention is applicable for restoration of worn-out or damaged parts of machinery, and also makes it possible to improve brand new elements, and an important result of using a method according to the invention is restoring the original mechanical properties of the substrate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention refers to a method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element. According to the method a metal element is clad, favorably by laser welding, with at least two layers of metallic material, wherein the first layer has a thickness no greater than 3.0 mm, favorably 0.5 mm to 1,5 mm, and next layers have thicknesses of at least 20% by weight of the thickness of the first layer.

Description

Method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element
The present invention refers to a method of cladding a metallic coat on a metallic element, especially for the purpose of reinstating worn-out or damaged parts of machinery.
There is known from the Polish patent PL 207497 a method of laser cladding with adjustment of the chemical composition of the cladding layer, where the melt pool receives simultaneously an additional material in the form of a solid or powder wire, and an additional material in the form of metallic powder, ceramic powder or cermet powder, where the chemical composition of the clad layer, and therefore its chemical properties are adjusted by proper control of energy in a linear laser beam of a power of 0.8 kW - 2.2 kW, wire feeding speed of 0.2 m/min - 1.2 m/min and powder feeding intensity of 1.0 g/min - 15.0 g/min.
In the methods of cladding a metallic coat on metal elements known in the art, a single metallic layer is applied, and changes in substrate properties resulting from sudden changes in substrate temperature are accepted.
The present invention refers to a method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element, wherein at least two layers are clad on a metallic element, favorably by laser cladding, wherein the first layer has a thickness no greater than 3.0 mm, and favorably from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and next layers have thicknesses of at least 20% by weight of the thickness of the first layer, and favorably have a thickness similar to the thickness of the first layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, metallic material layers are favorably clad using a material having the same chemical composition.
In another embodiment, metallic material layers are favorably clad using a material having a different chemical composition.
In an especially favorable embodiment of the invention, a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of material, which in addition to iron contains the following: carbon in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.90% by weight, manganese in the amount of 0.40% by weight to 0.70% by weight, silicon in the amount of 0.80% by weight to 0.90% by weight, chromium in the amount of 0.60% by weight to 1.40% by weight, nickel in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, copper in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight, vanadium in the amount of up to 0.14% by weight, sulfur in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight and phosphorous in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight.
In another particularly favorable embodiment, a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of material, which in addition to copper contains the following: tin in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 11.00% by weight, aluminum in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 12.00% by weight, zinc in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 8.00% by weight, lead in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 33.00% by weight, manganese in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 15.00% by weight, nickel in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, iron in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, cobalt in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.60% by weight, silicon in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 5,00% by weight, beryllium in the amount of 1.40% by weight to 3.00% by weight, titanium in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.40% by weight, phosphorous in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 1.50% by weight, arsenic in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.90% by weight.
An advantage of the method according to the invention is that heat provided while cladding another metallic layer tempers the surface of a metallic element of a machine, which is hardened by the heat of the previously clad metallic layer.
A method according to the invention enables efficient and effective restoration of worn-out or damaged metal elements such as for example parts of machinery, and an important result of using the method according to the invention is that original mechanical parameters of the substrate are restored. The method according to the invention makes it possible to improve brand new metallic elements as well.
Example 1.
Material of a worn-out steel cogwheel after cladding, e.g. laser cladding, of a steel layer of a thickness of around 2.00 mm, as a result of hardening provided while cladding with a 3000 W laser is characterized by excessive hardness and brittleness, which may lead to mechanism damage. To eliminate this negative effect, a laser cladding process was performed in two stages, by laser cladding of two layers, each having a thickness of around 1.00, using steel which in addition to iron contained the following: carbon in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.90% by weight, manganese in the amount of 0.40% by weight to 0.70% by weight, silicon in the amount of 0.80% by weight to 0.90% by weight, chromium in the amount of 0.60% by weight to 1.40% by weight, nickel in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, copper in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight, vanadium in the amount of up to 0.14% by weight, sulfur in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight, and phosphorous in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight. As a result, the material of the cogwheel characterized by disadvantageous hardening while applying the first cladding layer, was tempered by the heat delivered while cladding the second metallic layer. Example 2.
A wheel rim is the element of the wheel which is most worn in rail transportation. In order to restore a wheel used in rail transportation and to improve its tribological properties, the wheel was restored by laser cladding of two material layers on the cleaned surface of the wheel, said material having the following chemical composition: carbon 0.45% by weight, manganese 0.70% by weight, silicon 0.90% by weight, chromium 1.10% by weight, nickel 0.30% by weight, copper up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum 0.10% by weight, vanadium 0.12% by weight, sulfur up to 0.04% by weight, phosphorous up to 0.04% by weight; the rest was iron, and then, after mechanical leveling of the melt clad, a layer of aluminum bronze was clad, with the following elements added to copper: aluminum in the amount of 9.42% by weight, iron in the amount of 1.12% by weight, wherein heat provided while laser cladding of a bronze layer tempered the surface of the steel hardened while cladding the first layer.
A method according to the invention is applicable for restoration of worn-out or damaged parts of machinery, and also makes it possible to improve brand new elements, and an important result of using a method according to the invention is restoring the original mechanical properties of the substrate.

Claims

Claims
A method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element characterized in that a metal element is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of metallic material, wherein the first layer has a thickness no greater than 3.0 mm, favorably in the range from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and next layers have a thickness of a least 20% by weight of the thickness of the first layer, and favorably have a thickness similar to the thickness of the first layer.
A method according to claim 1 characterized in that at least two layers of metallic material of same chemical composition are clad. A method according to claim 1 characterized in that at least two layers of metallic material of a different chemical composition are clad.
A method according to claim 1 or claim 3 characterized in that a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of material, which in addition to iron contains the following: carbon in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.90% by weight, manganese in the amount of 0.40% by weight to 0.70% by weight, silicon in the amount of 0.08% by weight to 0.90% by weight, chromium in the amount of 0.60% by weight to 1.40% by weight, nickel in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, copper in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight, vanadium in the amount of up to 0.14% by weight, sulfur in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight, and phosphorous in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight.
5. A method according to claim 1 or 3 characterized in that a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers of material, which in addition to copper contains the following: tin in the amount of up to 1.00% by weight to 11.00% by weight, aluminum in the amount of 3,00% by weight to 12.00% by weight, zinc in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 8.00% by weight, lead in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 33.00% by weight, manganese in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 15.00% by weight, nickel in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, iron in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, cobalt in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.60% by weight, silicon in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 5.00% by weight, beryllium in the amount of 1.40% by weight to 3.00% by weight, titanium in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.40% by weight, phosphorous in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 1.50% by weight, arsenic in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.90% by weight.
6. A method according to claim 1 or 3 characterized in that a metallic element of a machine is clad, favorably by laser cladding, with at least two layers, wherein one of the layers is clad with a material which in addition to iron contains the following: carbon in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight to 0.90% by weight, manganese in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight to 0.70% by weight, silicon in the amount of 0.08% by weight to 0.90% by weight, chromium in the amount of 0.60% by weight to 1.40% by weight, nickel in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, copper in the amount of up to 0.40% by weight, molybdenum in the amount of up to 0.15% by weight, vanadium in the amount of up to 0.14% by weight, sulfur in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight and phosphorous in the amount of up to 0.04% by weight, and the next layer is clad using the material which in addition to copper contains tin in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 11.00% by weight, aluminum in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 12.00% by weight, zinc in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 8.00% by weight, lead in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 33.00% by weight, manganese in the amount of 1.00% by weight to 15.00% by weight, nickel in the amount of 3.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, iron in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 6.00% by weight, cobalt in the amount of 0.15% by weight to 0.60% by weight, silicon in the amount of 2.00% by weight to 5,00% by weight, beryllium in the amount of 1.40% by weight to 3.00% by weight, titanium in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.40% by weight, phosphorous in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 1.50% by weight, arsenic in the amount of 0.10% by weight to 0.90% by weight.
PCT/PL2013/000170 2012-12-19 2013-12-19 Method of cladding a metallic coat on a metal element WO2014098635A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL402132A PL224928B1 (en) 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Method for the deposition of the metal layer on the metal member
PLP.402132 2012-12-19

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WO2014098635A2 true WO2014098635A2 (en) 2014-06-26
WO2014098635A3 WO2014098635A3 (en) 2014-11-06

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CN115341137B (en) * 2022-04-19 2023-08-25 泽高新智造(广东)科技有限公司 Material and method for repairing steel rail defects through online laser cladding

Citations (1)

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PL207497A1 (en) 1978-06-08 1978-12-04 Inst Badan Jadrowych TRANSPORT LIFT

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JPH07252586A (en) * 1994-01-21 1995-10-03 Nippon Steel Corp Steel for welding structure excellent in ctod in multilayer build-up weld heat-affected zone and toughness in high heat input weld heat-affected zone
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PL224928B1 (en) 2017-02-28
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