WO2014095812A1 - Method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream - Google Patents
Method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014095812A1 WO2014095812A1 PCT/EP2013/076836 EP2013076836W WO2014095812A1 WO 2014095812 A1 WO2014095812 A1 WO 2014095812A1 EP 2013076836 W EP2013076836 W EP 2013076836W WO 2014095812 A1 WO2014095812 A1 WO 2014095812A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- contaminant
- stream
- liquid
- liquid phase
- absorbent
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
- B01D19/0005—Degasification of liquids with one or more auxiliary substances
- B01D19/001—Degasification of liquids with one or more auxiliary substances by bubbling steam through the liquid
- B01D19/0015—Degasification of liquids with one or more auxiliary substances by bubbling steam through the liquid in contact columns containing plates, grids or other filling elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1462—Removing mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2256/245—Methane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream, in particular a contaminated gas stream.
- contaminating components such as water, liquid hydrocarbons (also called “condensate”) , hydrates, carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and/or hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) , SO 2 , COS, mercaptans (RSH) and other organic sulphur species, from a gas stream such as a natural gas stream.
- the methods may be based on physical and/or chemical separation techniques.
- Physical separation techniques use differences in e.g. boiling, condensation and/or freezing points of the various contaminating components to selectively remove one or more of these components in a fractionating column, or differences in density to separate components with different densities by gravity (e.g. gravity settler), by a swirling flow (e.g. in a cyclonic
- Chemical separation techniques may employ selective absorption or catalytic reactions to convert a contaminating component into a composition that can be easily separated.
- a contaminant-depleted stream and a contaminant-enriched absorbent stream are obtained.
- the contaminant-depleted stream may be further subjected to further processing steps, if desired, before being sent to its intended end-use.
- the contaminant-enriched absorbent stream is typically regenerated in order to be able to reuse the absorbent.
- a suitable process for removing CO 2 and/or 3 ⁇ 4S from a gas comprising CO 2 and/or 3 ⁇ 4S is disclosed in EP 2 283 911 Al.
- the resulting contaminant-depleted absorbent stream may form two liquid phases under the prevailing conditions.
- the absorbent stream may not have the right ratio of components as one phase is predominantly removed. This problem of liquid phase separation under regeneration conditions has been
- Another object is to provide a method which requires less phase separation devices, outlets and pumps as compared to the prior art.
- a contaminant in particular CO 2 and/or 3 ⁇ 4S, from a contaminated stream, the method at least comprising the steps of:
- absorber (2) with an absorbent solution (80), thereby obtaining a contaminant-depleted stream (20) and a contaminant-enriched absorbent stream (30);
- the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream (60) forming a lower layer of a first liquid phase (A) and a higher layer of a second liquid phase (B) at the bottom of the regenerator (3) ;
- step (e) reusing the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream (60) as removed in step (d) .
- An advantage of the present invention is that this controlled removal of liquid phases can be done without the need for two or more separate outlets (with
- dispersed emulsion of the phases is required (with optional use of emulsion stabilizers) .
- a contaminated stream preferably a gaseous contaminated stream.
- the contaminated stream is not limited in any way (in terms of composition, phase, etc.) and may for example be a natural gas stream, a combustion gas, synthesis gas, an air stream, etc.; the contaminated stream may also be a contaminated liquid hydrocarbon stream such as a
- the contaminated stream is a methane-rich stream such as natural gas, containing at least 30 wt . % methane, preferably at least 50 wt . % methane.
- the contaminant is not limited to certain compounds and may include a broad variety of compounds such as carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and/or hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) , SO 2 , COS, mercaptans (RSH) and other organic sulphur species.
- the present invention is in particular suitable for the removal of CO 2 and/or
- 3 ⁇ 4S from a contaminated gas stream such as natural gas or a combustion gas.
- step (b) the contaminated stream is contacted in an absorber with an absorbent solution, thereby obtaining a contaminant-depleted stream and a contaminant-enriched absorbent stream.
- the contaminant-depleted stream is obtained at the top of the absorber and
- the contaminant-depleted stream may be further processed if needed before it is sent to its end use.
- the contaminant-enriched absorbent stream is obtained at the bottom of the absorber.
- the absorber is operated at a temperature in the range from 10 to 100°C, more
- the absorber is operated at a
- the absorbent solution in step (b) is an aqueous absorbent solution comprising water and an absorbent component.
- the absorbent solution is preferably a single phase.
- the absorbent solution may comprise two or more absorbent components.
- the one or more absorbent components are not limited in any way.
- the one or more absorbent components are amine compounds.
- Suitable absorbent solutions have been
- step (c) the contaminant-enriched absorbent stream is separated in a regenerator, thereby obtaining - a contaminant-depleted absorbent stream at a bottom of the regenerator and
- the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream forming a lower layer of a first liquid phase (A) and a higher layer of a second liquid phase (B) at the bottom of the regenerator (3) .
- the first liquid phase (A) has a higher density than the second liquid phase (B) .
- the regenerator serves to separate the absorbent solution and the (one or more) contaminant ( s ) , for example using one or more flash vessels, a column or a combination thereof.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with the design and functioning of a
- regenerator this is not further discussed here in detail.
- the regenerator is operated at a temperature sufficiently high to ensure that a
- the regenerator is operated at a temperature in the range from 60 to 170°C, more preferably from 70 to 160°C, even more preferably from 100 to 140°C.
- the regenerator is operated at a temperature in the range from 60 to 170°C, more preferably from 70 to 160°C, even more preferably from 100 to 140°C.
- regenerator is operated at a pressure in the range from 0.001 to 50 bar, more preferably from 1.0 to 30 bar.
- the contaminant-enriched stream is obtained at the top of the regenerator and is subsequently removed from the regenerator for further processing, if needed.
- the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream is obtained at a bottom of the regenerator, as the regenerator may comprise several vessels or draw-off trays.
- bottom refers to a place in the regenerator vessel where liquid accumulates; the bottom is (although preferably it is) not necessarily the absolute bottom of the regenerator vessel, but may also be a local bottom such as a draw-off tray. If the regenerator consist of one vessel or column (which it preferably does from the viewpoint of
- the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream is typically obtained at the (absolute) bottom thereof.
- the lower layer of a first liquid phase (A) and the higher layer of a second liquid phase (B) are formed under the prevailing conditions in the regenerator.
- the first liquid phase as formed in step (c) is a water-enriched phase and the second liquid phase is a water-depleted phase.
- the second water-deplete phase may comprise various absorbent components (and is
- step (d) the first liquid phase (A) and the second liquid phase (B) of the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream are simultaneously (but as separate phases) removed (typically from the bottom of the
- regenerator regenerator
- the two liquid phases are removed in the same ratio as they are formed, ensuring that the absorbent content of the removed stream remains substantially constant over time. Also, as a result, the interface of the first and second liquid phases will be situated at the height level of the outlet.
- the two liquid phases are removed at the interface (X) of the lower layer of the first liquid phase (A) and the higher layer of the second liquid phase (B) using the same single liquid outlet.
- the liquid outlet in step (d) is located above at least 1/20 of the liquid height in the bottom of the regenerator (or relevant vessel thereof) , preferably above at least 1/10, more preferably above at least 1/4.
- a minimum amount of liquid above the liquid outlet avoids the occurrence of large scale slug flow of both liquid phases, wherein both liquid phases are withdrawn in alternating x slugs' of lighter and heavier phase, by creating a stable interface.
- the liquid outlet in step (d) is located above at least 1/20 of the liquid height in the bottom of the regenerator, preferably above at least 1/10, more preferably above at least 1/4. Additionally or
- the liquid outlet in step (d) preferably is located below at most 19/20 of the liquid height in the bottom of the regenerator, preferably below at most 9/10, more preferably below at most 3/4.
- a part of the first liquid phase is removed from the regenerator, heated and reintroduced into the regenerator at a point above the interface of the first liquid phase and the second liquid phase; preferably the removed part of the first liquid phase is reintroduced at a point above the second liquid phase .
- the liquid outlet in step (d) comprises an element for avoiding liquid flow along the wall and into the liquid outlet. This, to avoid that the ratio of the liquid phases in the stream as removed in step (d) is disturbed.
- said element also ensures that the liquid flow of the first liquid phase and the second liquid phase through the liquid outlet is substantially horizontal.
- the liquid outlet in step (d) comprises a splash protector, to prevent disturbance of the interface between the first and second liquid phases.
- the element can be shaped in various ways to avoid liquid flow along the wall and/or splashing as described above.
- the element may comprise a baffle plate or the like located just above the liquid outlet.
- the liquid outlet may be
- the liquid outlet opening is at a selected distance from the wall of the vessel.
- step (e) the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream as removed in step (d) is reused.
- the contaminant- depleted absorbent stream may be reused in several places but is preferably at least partly reused in the absorber of step (b) as the absorber solution.
- the contaminant- depleted absorbent stream as removed in step (d) is cooled before reusing in step (e) , thereby obtaining a cooled contaminant-depleted absorbent stream.
- the two separate liquid phases form a single phase which is of benefit in the absorber.
- the cooled contaminant- depleted absorbent stream is a single phase.
- the person skilled in the art will readily understand that the amount of cooling needed for forming the single phase will depend on the composition of the absorbent stream; also, the person skilled in the art will understand how to determine the suitable amount of cooling.
- the cooled contaminant- depleted absorbent stream is passed to a collector before reusing in step (e) , in particular if the contaminant is to be reused in the absorber.
- the collector will be a simple vessel; the volume of collector vessel is typically at least the volume of the two liquid phases as formed in step (c) .
- the optionally cooled contaminant- depleted absorbent stream is reused in the absorber as the absorbent solution.
- the invention will be further illustrated by the following non-limiting drawings. Herein shows:
- Fig. 1 a schematic embodiment of a method according to the present invention
- Fig. 2 a close-up of the bottom of the regenerator as used in Fig. 1;
- FIGs 3-6 close-ups of alternative embodiments of a bottom of the regenerator as used in Fig. 1.
- same reference numbers refer to same or similar components. Also, a single reference number will be assigned to a line as well as to a stream carried in that line.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified embodiment of a method in accordance with the present invention for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream 10.
- An apparatus 1 is shown comprising an absorber 2, a regenerator 3, a reboiler 4, a collector 5, pumps 6 and 8 and heat
- Pump 6 is preferred in case of operation of the absorber 2 below about 5 bara; at higher absorber pressures, pump 6 is typically not present.
- the (preferably gaseous) contaminated stream 10 is, after feeding via inlet 21, contacted in the absorber 2 with an absorbent solution 80 fed via inlet 24, thereby obtaining a contaminant-depleted stream 20 (removed at overhead outlet 22) and a contaminant- enriched absorbent stream 30 (removed at bottom outlet 23) .
- the contaminant-enriched absorbent stream 30 is sent (using pump 6, if present; otherwise by the positive pressure difference between absorber 2 and regenerator 3) to the regenerator 3, via a heat exchanger 7 in which the contaminant-enriched absorbent stream 30 is heated to obtain a heated contaminant-enriched absorbent stream 40.
- the regenerator 3 may be a single vessel or column or may instead comprise several vessels and columns; in the embodiment of Figure 1, the regenerator comprises a single column (with packing 37) .
- the heated contaminant- enriched absorbent stream 40 is fed into regenerator 3 at inlet 31 and separated in the regenerator 3, thereby obtaining a contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 60 at the bottom of the regenerator 3 and a contaminant- enriched stream 50 which is removed at overhead outlet
- the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 60 forms two separate phases in the regenerator 3 (which in the embodiment of Fig. 1 are collected at the bottom
- the first liquid phase A and the second liquid phase B of the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 60 are simultaneously removed at the liquid outlet 33 of the regenerator 3; as a result, a short time after the beginning with the removal of the first and second liquid phases, the two liquid phases A, B are removed in the same ratio as they are formed, ensuring that the absorbent content of the removed stream 60 remains substantially constant over time. Also, as a result, the interface X of the first liquid phase A and the second liquid phases B will be situated at the height level of the outlet 33.
- the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 60 is reused in the absorber 2 as the absorbent solution 80 fed via inlet 24.
- the contaminant- depleted absorbent stream 60 is cooled before being reused in the absorber 2, thereby obtaining a cooled contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 70; this cooling allows the two separate liquid phases A, B to form a single phase.
- the cooled contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 70 is passed to a collector 5 before being reused in the absorber 2.
- regenerator 3 heated in a reboiler or heater 4 and reintroduced as stream 100 into the regenerator 3 at a point (inlet 35) above the interface X of the first liquid phase A and the second liquid phase B.
- the stream 100 is reintroduced at a point above the second liquid phase B (see e.g. Fig. 3) .
- Figure 2 shows a close-up of the bottom of the regenerator 3 as used in Fig. 1.
- liquid is drawn off at interface X of the first liquid phase A and the second liquid phase B of the contaminant-depleted absorbent stream 60.
- the area C above the second liquid phase B is filled with gas.
- the outlet 33 is positioned as a side draw-off outlet having an opening placed at a distance from the wall 36 of the regenerator 3.
- the outlet 33 may be a (substantially vertical) pipe inserted from the bottom of the regenerator 3.
- the outlet 33 is located above at least 1/20 of the liquid height in the bottom of the regenerator 3, preferably above at least 1/10, more preferably above at least 1/4.
- the liquid outlet 33 comprises an element (not shown in Fig. 1; cf. plate 38 in Fig. 3) for avoiding liquid flow along the wall 36 and into the liquid outlet 33. Further, the liquid outlet 33 may comprise a splash protector (not shown in Fig. 1; see plate 39 in Fig. 4) to prevent disturbance of the
- Figures 3-6 show close-ups of alternative embodiments of a bottom of the regenerator 3 as used in Fig. 1.
- the outlet 33 opens at the wall 36 of the regenerator 3 (so not at a distance from the wall 36 as in Fig. 2) . Further, in the embodiment of Figure 3, a plate 38 is placed just above the outlet 33 for avoiding liquid flow along the wall 36 and into the outlet 33.
- the regenerator 3 is provided with a (anti-) splash plate 39 and a (substantially vertically arranged) baffle plate 41.
- the baffle plate 41 is
- the baffle plate 41 assists in creating a stabile interface X between the first liquid phase A and the second liquid phase B, at least near the outlet 33.
- the outlet 33 is a (substantially vertically arranged) pipe inserted from the bottom of the regenerator 3.
- further internals such as plate 38 (see Fig. 3), splash plate 39 and baffle plate 41 (see Fig. 4) may be present in the embodiment of
- the bottom of the regenerator 3 is in the form of a draw-off tray 51 (and hence is not the absolute bottom of the regenerator 3) .
- the draw-off tray 51 is provided with channels 52 allowing gas passage through the tray 51; hence the area D below the tray 51 and the area C above the second liquid phase C are in gas communication .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2015129607A RU2015129607A (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | METHOD FOR REMOVING A POLLUTOR FROM A POLLUTED FLOW |
CA2893479A CA2893479A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | Method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream |
AU2013363721A AU2013363721A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | Method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12197817 | 2012-12-18 | ||
EP12197817.5 | 2012-12-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014095812A1 true WO2014095812A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
Family
ID=47427254
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2013/076836 WO2014095812A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2013-12-17 | Method for removing a contaminant from a contaminated stream |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2013363721A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2893479A1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2015129607A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014095812A1 (en) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3911082A (en) * | 1969-05-10 | 1975-10-07 | Linde Ag | Prevention of resin formation during absorption of CO{HD 2 {B and/or H{HD 2{B S from cracking gases |
US4251494A (en) * | 1979-12-21 | 1981-02-17 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for removing acidic compounds from gaseous mixtures using a two liquid phase scrubbing solution |
US20080173176A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Duesel Bernard F | Fluid scrubber |
US20090199709A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-08-13 | Ifp | Method of deacidizing a gas by means of an absorbent solution with fractionated regeneration through heating |
US20100132551A1 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-06-03 | Pierre-Antoine Bouillon | Gas deacidizing method using an absorbent solution with demixing during regeneration |
-
2013
- 2013-12-17 AU AU2013363721A patent/AU2013363721A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-12-17 RU RU2015129607A patent/RU2015129607A/en unknown
- 2013-12-17 WO PCT/EP2013/076836 patent/WO2014095812A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-17 CA CA2893479A patent/CA2893479A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3911082A (en) * | 1969-05-10 | 1975-10-07 | Linde Ag | Prevention of resin formation during absorption of CO{HD 2 {B and/or H{HD 2{B S from cracking gases |
US4251494A (en) * | 1979-12-21 | 1981-02-17 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process for removing acidic compounds from gaseous mixtures using a two liquid phase scrubbing solution |
US20090199709A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-08-13 | Ifp | Method of deacidizing a gas by means of an absorbent solution with fractionated regeneration through heating |
US20080173176A1 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Duesel Bernard F | Fluid scrubber |
US20100132551A1 (en) * | 2008-11-20 | 2010-06-03 | Pierre-Antoine Bouillon | Gas deacidizing method using an absorbent solution with demixing during regeneration |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2893479A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
RU2015129607A (en) | 2017-01-23 |
AU2013363721A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 |
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