WO2014080939A1 - 新規錯体およびその利用 - Google Patents
新規錯体およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014080939A1 WO2014080939A1 PCT/JP2013/081276 JP2013081276W WO2014080939A1 WO 2014080939 A1 WO2014080939 A1 WO 2014080939A1 JP 2013081276 W JP2013081276 W JP 2013081276W WO 2014080939 A1 WO2014080939 A1 WO 2014080939A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- complex
- formula
- group
- sime
- ligand
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000707 boryl group Chemical group B* 0.000 claims description 3
- GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1PC1=CC=CC=C1 GPAYUJZHTULNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 24
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- -1 tetrahydroindenyl ring Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- LZPWAYBEOJRFAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2$l^{2}-dioxaborolane Chemical compound CC1(C)O[B]OC1(C)C LZPWAYBEOJRFAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 C*(*)N(C)*(C)(C)O* Chemical compound C*(*)N(C)*(C)(C)O* 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical group [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(oxo)alumane Chemical compound C[Al]=O CPOFMOWDMVWCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004009 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000120529 Chenuda virus Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical group CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101000578940 Homo sapiens PDZ domain-containing protein MAGIX Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical group [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100028326 PDZ domain-containing protein MAGIX Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQKZNKOLJVJQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-H [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+4].[Zn+2] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ti+4].[Zn+2] XQKZNKOLJVJQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- NMWRIIABSZNVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-G [Cl-].[Sc+3].[Ti+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Sc+3].[Ti+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] NMWRIIABSZNVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-G 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical group [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical class [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARYUVIHBXQWVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorocopper titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Cu](Cl)Cl ARYUVIHBXQWVLA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical group CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical group CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical group CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003800 germyl group Chemical group [H][Ge]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical group [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CATWEXRJGNBIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tert-butyl-2-methylpropan-2-amine Chemical group CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C CATWEXRJGNBIJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical group [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002204 nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002900 organolithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylidene Chemical group [CH]CC OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003638 stannyl group Chemical group [H][Sn]([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000547 structure data Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical group [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical group [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/28—Titanium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0411—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/5045—Complexes or chelates of phosphines with metallic compounds or metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00805—Details of the particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/62—Reductions in general of inorganic substrates, e.g. formal hydrogenation, e.g. of N2
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0213—Complexes without C-metal linkages
- B01J2531/0222—Metal clusters, i.e. complexes comprising 3 to about 1000 metal atoms with metal-metal bonds to provide one or more all-metal (M)n rings, e.g. Rh4(CO)12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/40—Complexes comprising metals of Group IV (IVA or IVB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/46—Titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
- C07F11/005—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
- C07F9/5022—Aromatic phosphines (P-C aromatic linkage)
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel hydride complex capable of fixing a nitrogen atom, a production method thereof, and use of the hydride complex.
- fixation of nitrogen atoms is known in nature as, for example, nitrogen fixation by rhizobia, it is industrially performed exclusively by the Harbor Bosch method.
- the Harbor Bosch method is a technology that can only be performed efficiently under very high temperature and high pressure environments. Therefore, a technique for fixing nitrogen in a more relaxed environment is eagerly desired.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 etc. There are reports of metal complexes that can fix nitrogen atoms (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 etc.) or hydride complexes (Non-Patent Documents 3 to 4 etc.), but nitrogen atoms can be easily removed from the complex as ammonia. For industrial applications, further new proposals are eagerly desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its object is to provide a novel hydride complex that fixes nitrogen in a relatively relaxed environment, a method for producing the same, and use of the hydride complex. To do.
- the present invention provides any of the following. 1) A complex represented by the following formula (1A) or formula (1B), or a cationic or anionic complex of the complex,
- M1 to M4 in the case of formula (1A), M1 to M3) are independently of each other Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo or W and L1 to L4 (where L1 to L3 in the case of formula (1A)) are independently of each other a ligand (Cp) containing a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl derivative, diphenylamine type coordination A complex which is a ligand selected from a dipole, a diphenylphosphine type ligand, and a carboimidoamide type ligand. 2) L1 to L4 in the formula (1A) and the formula (1B) (in the case of the formula (1A), L1 to L3) are the same ligand, and the ligand is represented by the following formula (2) The complex of 1) shown by these.
- R1 to R5 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom constituting the skeleton of the cyclopentadienyl ring; a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; A substituted metalloid group substituted by a hydrocarbyl group, an amide group, a phosphide group and / or an alkoxide group of ## STR4 ## * represents a bond with M1 to M4 (in the case of formula (1A), M1 to M3); 2 to 5 of R 5 are the hydrocarbyl group or substituted metalloid group, and one of the carbon atoms constituting the skeleton of the cyclopentadienyl ring shown in the formula (2) is a group 14 (It may be substituted with atoms (however, excluding carbon atoms and lead atoms) or group 15 atoms.) 3) In formula (2), all of R1 to R5 are methyl groups, or four of R1 to
- the complex according to 2) which is a group.
- the complex according to 6 which is a complex represented by the following formula (3) or a cationic or anionic complex of the complex.
- M1 to M3 and L1 to L3 are the same as those in the formula (1A)
- X1 to X3 are —H— or —N (H) —
- At least one is —N (H) —, but in one or more —N (H) —, H may be substituted with a boryl group, a silyl group, or an alkyl group.
- M1 to M3 are each independently Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo or W, and L1 to L3 are each independently substituted or unsubstituted.
- M1 to M3 are each independently Ti (titanium atom), Zr (zirconium atom), Hf (hafnium atom), V (vanadium atom), Nb (niobium atom), Ta (tantalum atom) , Cr (chromium atom), Mo (molybdenum atom) or W (tungsten atom), preferably Ti, Zr, or Hf independently of each other.
- M1 to M3 are preferably all the same atom, and M1 to M3 are more preferably all Ti.
- M1 to M4 in formula (1B) are independently Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, or W, and are preferably independently Ti, Zr, or Hf. .
- M1 to M4 are preferably all the same atom, and M1 to M4 are more preferably all Ti.
- L1 to L3 are each independently a ligand containing a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl derivative (referred to as “Cp ligand”), a diphenylamine type ligand, diphenylphosphine Type ligands and carboimidamide type ligands.
- L1 to L3 are preferably all the same ligand, and L1 to L3 are more preferably all the same Cp ligand.
- L1 to L4 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted Cp ligand, diphenylamine type ligand, diphenylphosphine type ligand, and carboimidoamide type ligand.
- a ligand selected from L1 to L4 are preferably all the same ligand, and L1 to L4 are more preferably all the same Cp ligand.
- the Cp ligand is ⁇ -bonded to the central metal M.
- the Cp ligand is, for example, a non-bridged ligand.
- the non-bridged ligand means a ligand having a coordination atom or a coordination group other than the cyclopentadienyl derivative, wherein the cyclopentadienyl derivative is ⁇ -bonded to the central metal.
- the Cp ligand is, for example, a bridged ligand.
- the bridged ligand means a ligand having a coordination atom or a coordination group in addition to the cyclopentadienyl derivative.
- the Cp ligand is preferably a non-bridged ligand.
- the substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl derivative contained in the Cp ligand is a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl ring, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl ring, a substituted or unsubstituted octahydrofluorenyl ring , A substituted or unsubstituted indenyl ring, and a substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydroindenyl ring.
- the most preferred cyclopentadienyl derivative is a cyclopentadienyl ring having a substituent.
- the cyclopentadienyl ring is represented by a composition formula: C 5 H 5-X R X.
- X represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- Each R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group; a substituted hydrocarbyl group; or a substituted metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group, an amide group, a phosphide group, and / or an alkoxide group.
- One of C in the above composition formula may be substituted with a Group 14 atom (excluding a carbon atom and a lead atom) or a Group 15 atom.
- the hydrocarbyl group is preferably a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms), phenyl Group, benzyl group and the like, and most preferably a methyl group.
- hydrocarbyl group having a substituent for example, at least one hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbyl group is substituted with a halogen atom, an amide group, a phosphide group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, or the like
- a hydrocarbyl group may be mentioned.
- examples of the metalloid in the substituted metalloid group include germyl (Ge), stannyl (Sn), silyl (Si), and the like. Further, the number of substitutions of the substituents substituted on the metalloid group is determined by the type of metalloid (for example, in the case of a silyl group, the number of substitutions of the hydrocarbyl group (substituent) is 3).
- the hydrocarbyl group as a substituent in the substituted metalloid group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- At least one R of the cyclopentadienyl ring is a substituted metalloid group (preferably a silyl group) substituted with a hydrocarbyl group, and more preferably a trimethylsilyl group.
- Preferred examples of the cyclopentadienyl ring include those represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 to R 5 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom constituting the skeleton of the cyclopentadienyl ring; a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; A substituted metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group, an amide group, a phosphide group and / or an alkoxide group, and * represents a bond with M1 to M3 shown in Formula (1A) or M1 to M4 shown in Formula (1B) And 2 to 5 of R1 to R5 are the hydrocarbyl group or substituted metalloid group.
- one of the carbon atoms constituting the skeleton of the cyclopentadienyl ring shown in Formula (2) is substituted with a Group 14 atom (excluding the carbon atom and lead atom) or a Group 15 atom. May be.
- L1 to L3 in the formula (1A) or L1 to L4 in the formula (1B) are preferably the same ligands shown in the above formula (2).
- Examples of the cyclopentadienyl ring represented by the above formula (2) include the following.
- R is independently substituted with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an amide group, a phosphide group and / or an alkoxide group.
- a substituted metalloid group preferably a substituted metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. More specifically, examples of the metalloid group include those shown in any of the following formulas (4).
- R ′ independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. (Preferably a chain alkyl group).
- E represents N (nitrogen atom) or P (phosphorus atom).
- R independently of each other is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (preferably a chain alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms); A substituted metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group, an amide group, a phosphide group and / or an alkoxide group (preferably a substituted metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms).
- the metalloid group include those shown in any of the above formulas (4).
- n represents an integer of 1 to 5
- E represents a heteroatom such as N (nitrogen atom) P (phosphorus atom), As (arsenic atom), N Or it is preferable that it is P.
- cyclopentadienyl ring represented by the above formula (2) more preferably, in the formula (2), all of R1 to R5 are methyl groups (corresponding to the formula (3-8)), And four of R1 to R5 are methyl groups and the other is a trialkylsilyl group having an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (corresponding to formula (3-1)).
- the substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl ring as the Cp ligand has a composition formula: C 13 H 9-X R X (X represents an integer of 0 to 9, and R has a substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted octahydrofluorenyl ring as the Cp ligand include, for example, a composition formula: C 13 H 17-X R X (X represents an integer of 0 to 17, and R represents a carbon number A hydrocarbyl group or a substituted metalloid group which may have 1 to 20 substituents, and represented by the above-mentioned cyclopentadienyl ring: the same as R in C 5 H 5-X R X ) .
- fluorenyl ring examples include those represented by the following formulas.
- R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group or substituted metalloid group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More specifically, examples of the metalloid group include those shown in any of the above formulas (4).
- Formulas (5-3) to (5-4) correspond to specific examples of the compounds represented by Formulas (5-1) to (5-2).
- the Cp ligand is a substituted or unsubstituted indenyl ring (composition formula: C 9 H 7-X R X : X is an integer of 0 to 7) or a tetrahydroindenyl ring (composition formula: C 9 H 11-X R X : X may be an integer from 0 to 11.
- R is the same as R in the cyclopentadienyl ring described above.
- Preferred examples of the indenyl ring include those represented by the following formula (6).
- R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group or substituted metalloid group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More specifically, examples of the metalloid group include those shown in any of the above formulas (4).
- the diphenylamine type ligand refers to a ligand having a diphenylamine skeleton (—N (Ph) 2 ) in which two phenyl groups are bonded to a nitrogen atom.
- the arbitrary hydrogen atom on the phenyl group includes, for example, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a —PR 2 group, a —SR group, an —OR group, etc. It may be substituted with a substituent.
- R in the —PR 2 group, —SR group, and —OR group independently of each other represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a metalloid group substituted with the hydrocarbyl group. .
- R in the —PR 2 group, —SR group, and —OR group independently of each other represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a metalloid group substituted with the hydrocarbyl group.
- two Rs contained in the —PR 2 group are the same.
- Preferred diphenylamine type ligands include those represented by the following formula (7).
- R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group or substituted metalloid group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More specifically, examples of the metalloid group include those shown in any of the above formulas (4).
- R is a hydrocarbyl group, it is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- the four R are preferably the same group.
- the diphenylphosphine-type ligand refers to a ligand having a diphenylphosphine skeleton (—P (Ph) 2 ) in which two phenyl groups are bonded to a phosphorus atom.
- a substituent such as a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a metalloid group substituted with a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an —SR group, or an —OR group. May be.
- R in the —SR group and —OR group independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a metalloid group substituted with the hydrocarbyl group.
- Preferred diphenylphosphine type ligands include those represented by the following formula (8).
- R independently represents a hydrocarbyl group or substituted metalloid group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More specifically, examples of the metalloid group include those shown in any of the above formulas (4).
- R is a hydrocarbyl group, it is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group.
- the carboimidamide type ligand refers to a ligand having a structure (—N ⁇ C—NH—structure) represented by the following formula (9).
- R can take any group independently of each other.
- R independently of each other has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R is a hydrocarbyl group, it is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group. More specifically, examples of the carboimide amide type ligand include N1, N1-diphenylbenzenecarboimide.
- each of the hydride complex represented by the formula (1A) and the hydride complex represented by the formula (1B) is not only a neutral complex but also a cationic complex or an anionic property obtained from the neutral complex. It may be a complex of Specifically, for example, neutral complexes [ ⁇ (C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3) Ti ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 3 -H) ( ⁇ 2 -H) 6] obtained from [ ⁇ (C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3) Ti ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ -H) 6 ] [B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] or [ ⁇ (C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3 ) Ti ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ -H) 5 ] [ ⁇ B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ⁇ 2 ] and other cationic complexes; [ ⁇ (C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3 ) Ti ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 3 -H) ( ⁇ 2 -H) 6 ] Li [ ⁇ (C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3 ) Anionic complexes such as Ti ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ -H) 8
- M in the formula (10) is the same as M1 to M3 in the formula (1A)
- L in the formula (10) is the same as L1 to L3 in the formula (1A). That is, if only one type of compound represented by formula (10) is used, a complex represented by formula (1A) having the same M1 to M3 and the same L1 to L3 can be obtained.
- R in the formula (10) represents a monoanionic ligand independently of each other. More specifically, R represents a monoanionic ligand such as hydride, halide, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy group or aryloxy group, amide group or phosphino group, and the like. However, it is not limited to these. Among these, each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group which may have a substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably a trimethylsilylmethyl group.
- halide examples include chloride, bromide, fluoride, and iodide.
- the above hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is preferably a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, amyl group, isoamyl group, hexyl group, isobutyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, decyl group.
- alkyl groups such as cetyl group and 2-ethylhexyl group
- unsubstituted hydrocarbyl groups such as phenyl group and benzyl group
- substituted hydrocarbyl groups such as substituted benzyl group, trialkylsilylmethyl group and bis (trialkylsilyl) methyl group But you can.
- Examples of preferred hydrocarbyl groups include methyl group, ethyl group, phenyl group, substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group, and trialkylsilylmethyl group, and more preferred examples include trimethylsilylmethyl group.
- alkoxy group or aryloxy group include a methoxy group and a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group.
- amide group examples include preferably a dimethylamide group, a diethylamide group, a methylethylamide group, a di-t-butylamide group, a diisopropylamide group, an unsubstituted or substituted diphenylamide group.
- Preferred examples of the phosphino group include a diphenylphosphino group, a dicyclohexylphosphino group, a diethylphosphino group, and a dimethylphosphino group.
- alkylidene examples are preferably methylidene, ethylidene, and propylidene.
- Rs may be bonded to each other or together to form a dianionic ligand (dianion ligand) or a trianionic ligand (trianion ligand).
- dianionic ligands include alkylidene, dienes, cyclometallated hydrocarbyl groups, bidentate chelate ligands, and the like.
- Contact between the compound represented by the formula (10) and the hydrogen molecule can be preferably carried out in a solvent capable of dissolving the compound represented by the formula (10).
- the type of the solvent may be selected according to the type of the compound represented by formula (10), and examples thereof include hexane, pentane, heptane, and a mixed solvent obtained by mixing two or more of these.
- the temperature of the solvent at the time of contact is not particularly limited, and may be selected according to the type of the solvent, etc. .
- the hydrogen molecules are supplied in a state of being pressurized above normal pressure and below 5 atm (atm).
- the contact time (reaction time) between the compound represented by formula (10) and the hydrogen molecule is not particularly limited, but in one example, it is in the range of 4 to 24 hours, preferably in the range of 12 to 24 hours. . Further, the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (10) and the hydrogen molecule used for contact may be supplied in consideration of the reaction equivalent amount, and is not particularly limited.
- the reaction product obtained by the reaction of the compound represented by the formula (10) with hydrogen molecules is, for example, washed and then crystallized in the first crystallization solvent to recover the solution phase. Then, it is preferable that the recovered solvent of the solution phase is replaced with a second crystallization solvent to be recrystallized and recovered as a precipitate obtained.
- the first crystallization solvent include THF.
- the 2nd solvent for crystallization hexane etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the cationic complex of the hydride complex represented by the formula (1A) includes, for example, a neutral hydride complex, [Ph 3 C] [B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ], B (C 6 F 5 ). 3 or a cocatalyst such as methylaluminoxane (MAO).
- the anionic complex of the hydride complex represented by the formula (1A) is, for example, a combination of R—Li (organolithium compound) such as Me 3 SiCH 2 Li and H 2 with a neutral hydride complex; Or a combination of H 2 and a combination of NaH or KH and H 2 .
- R represents, for example, an alkyl group or other hydrocarbon group.
- the order etc. which add each element which comprises the said combination to a neutral hydride complex are not specifically limited.
- the method for producing the hydride complex represented by the above formula (1B) is not particularly limited.
- the hydride complex can be produced by bringing the compound represented by the above formula (10) into contact with a hydrogen molecule and a nitrogen molecule.
- M in the formula (10) is the same as M1 to M4 in the formula (1B)
- L in the formula (10) is the same as L1 to L4 in the formula (1B). That is, when only one type of compound represented by the formula (10) is used, a complex represented by the formula (1B) having the same M1 to M4 and the same L1 to L4 can be obtained.
- the cationic or anionic complex of the hydride complex represented by the formula (1B) can be produced according to the production method of the cationic or anionic complex of the hydride complex represented by the formula (1A).
- Nitrogen-fixed complex (nitrogen-fixed complex)
- the present invention relates to a hydride complex represented by the formula (1A), a hydride complex represented by the formula (1B), and at least one complex selected from the group consisting of these cationic or anionic complexes, and a nitrogen molecule A complex obtained by bringing a nitrogen atom into contact (hereinafter referred to as “nitrogen-fixed complex”) is also provided.
- a preferred example of the nitrogen-immobilized complex is a complex represented by the following formula (3), or a cationic or anionic complex of the complex.
- M1 to M3 and L1 to L3 represent the same as in formula (1A), X1 to X3 represent —H— or —N (H) —, and at least one of X1 to X3 One (preferably 2 or 3) is —N (H) —.
- “ ⁇ ” in X1 to X3 indicates an arm for bonding with M1 to M3.
- the nitrogen atom is formed in a form in which the NN triple bond in the nitrogen molecule is broken and an NH bond is formed. It has been captured. Therefore, as described later, it is easy to release the incorporated nitrogen atom under relatively mild conditions.
- At least one of X1 to X3 which is —N (H) — is a substituent such as a boryl group (for example, pinacolboryl group), a silyl group or an alkyl group.
- a complex having a boron bond, a silicon bond, or a carbon bond can be used, for example, for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing organic compounds.
- pinacol borane (HB pin) the formula (3) -N complexes represented by (H) - case of boronated
- pinacol borane (HB pin) at least one of (36 mg, 0.3 mmol) Is reacted in the presence of C 6 D 6 within a temperature range of 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. within a range of 30 minutes to 12 hours.
- nitrogen-fixing complex can be, for example, complexes represented by the above formula (3) or a cationic or anionic complex of the complex, the Lewis acid represented by the formula M5X n (defining Is a complex obtained by contacting with (described later).
- a particularly preferred example is a complex represented by the following formula (3 ′), or a cationic or anionic complex of the complex.
- the complex represented by the formula (3 ′) or the cationic or anionic complex of the complex is, for example, that all three of X1 to X3 among the complexes represented by the above formula (3) are —N ( H) - a complex of, or the cationic or anionic complex of the complex obtained by contacting the Lewis acid represented by the formula M5X n.
- M1 to M3 are each independently Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo or W, and L1 to L3 are independently of each other substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexane.
- a ligand selected from a ligand containing a pentadienyl derivative (Cp), a diphenylamine-type ligand, a diphenylphosphine-type ligand, and a carboimide amide-type ligand. Is the same as in the complex represented by the above formula (3).
- the complex represented by the above formula (3) or a cationic or anionic complex of the complex if by reacting a Lewis acid represented by the formula M5X n obtaining complexes of formula (3 ') M1 to M3 and L1 to L3 in the formula (3 ′) are the same as those in the above formula (3).
- M5 is, for example, Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Sc (scandium) or Y (yttrium), X is F, Cl, Br, I or —OSO 2 CF 3 , and the number of X is N represents an integer represented by p-3 (where p represents the coordination number of M5, for example, when M5 is Cu, p is 4 and when Zn is Zn, p is 5) In the case of Sc, p is 6.
- M5 is selected from Cu, Zn, or Sc, and as an example, X is Cl.
- the present invention provides a method for producing ammonia using the complex represented by the above formula (1A), the complex represented by the formula (1B), these cationic or anionic complexes, or the above nitrogen-fixed complex. .
- the complex includes a nitrogen fixation / conversion step in which hydrogen molecules and nitrogen molecules are brought into contact with each other.
- the nitrogen fixation / conversion step may be performed, for example, by a process (A) in which a nitrogen molecule is brought into contact with the complex represented by the formula (1A) and nitrogen fixation is performed, and then a hydrogen molecule is further brought into contact. You may perform by the process (B) of making a hydrogen molecule and a nitrogen molecule contact simultaneously.
- ammonia When ammonia is produced in the process (A), first, a nitrogen molecule is brought into contact with the complex represented by the formula (1A) to form a nitrogen-fixed complex represented by the formula (3). Next, it is presumed that ammonia is produced by contacting hydrogen molecules with the nitrogen-fixed complex represented by the formula (3). Moreover, it is estimated that the nitrogen fixed complex shown to Formula (3) will return to the complex shown to Formula (1A), if the nitrogen atom which was fix
- the condition for bringing the nitrogen molecule into contact with the complex represented by the formula (1A) is not particularly limited.
- the pressure is within the temperature range of ⁇ 30 ° C. to 200 ° C. and the pressure of the nitrogen molecule (nitrogen gas).
- partial pressure in the case of a mixed gas may be in the range of 1 atm to 100 atm.
- the contact time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the nitrogen molecule may be brought into contact with the complex represented by the formula (1A), for example, alone or as a component in the mixed gas.
- the mixed gas may contain hydrogen molecules and nitrogen molecules, but preferably contains more nitrogen molecules in terms of moles.
- one of X1 to X3 is —N (H) —, two are —N (H) —, and further three if necessary.
- the number of moles of nitrogen molecules used in each step may be increased stepwise (or the pressure of nitrogen molecules is increased).
- the conditions for bringing hydrogen molecules into contact with the nitrogen-immobilized complex represented by the formula (3) are not particularly limited.
- the pressure partial pressure in the case of a mixed gas
- the contact time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the hydrogen molecule may be brought into contact with the complex represented by the formula (3), for example, alone or as a component in the mixed gas.
- the mixed gas may contain hydrogen molecules and nitrogen molecules, but preferably contains more hydrogen molecules in terms of moles.
- the condition for bringing the hydrogen molecule and the nitrogen molecule into contact with the complex represented by the formula (1A) in parallel is not particularly limited, but for example, within a temperature range of 25 ° C. to 200 ° C. and
- the pressure (partial pressure) of hydrogen molecules (hydrogen gas) may be in the range of 1 atm to 100 atm, and the pressure (partial pressure) of nitrogen molecules (nitrogen gas) may be in the range of 1 atm to 100 atm.
- the contact time (reaction time) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 1 hour to 24 hours. Note that a mixed gas containing other molecules in addition to hydrogen molecules and nitrogen molecules may be brought into contact with the complex represented by the formula (3).
- ammonia when manufacturing ammonia by the said process (B), it is estimated that ammonia is manufactured through the complex shown to Formula (3) from the complex shown to Formula (1A) similarly to Process (A). . Accordingly, ammonia can be continuously produced by continuously applying the process (B) to the complex represented by the formula (1A) to continuously contact the hydrogen molecule and the nitrogen molecule.
- the process of nitrogen fixing complex represented obtained formula (3) with (A) or process (B), by reacting a Lewis acid of the formula M5X n, equation (3 Lewis acid group is bonded Production of ammonia may be carried out by forming the Lewis acid complex shown in ') and further applying the process (B) to the Lewis acid complex (3').
- M5 in the Lewis acid is the same as M5 in the complex (3 ′)
- X in the Lewis acid is the same as X in the complex (3 ′).
- N represents the number of X bonded to M5).
- M5 represents a polyvalent element, preferably a metal atom, for example, an atom selected from Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Sc (scandium), and Y (yttrium). Of these, Cu, Zn, and Sc are preferably selected.
- X may be an atom selected from F, Cl, Br, I, and OSO 2 CF 3 .
- a metal halide is preferable, for example, a Lewis acid selected from CuCl, ZnCl 2 , ScCl 3 and YCl 3 is more preferable, and CuCl, ZnCl 2 or ScCl 3 is more preferable among them. .
- Lewis acid examples include Ag (OSO 2 CF 3 ), a Lewis acid represented by the formula EX 3 (where E is B, Al, Ga or In, and X is F, Cl, Br) , I, Ph (phenyl group) or C 6 F 5 ), a Lewis acid represented by formula EX 2 (where E is Ge or Sn, and X is F, Cl, Br, I, Ph or C 6 F 5 ), and Lewis acids containing transition metal atoms include FeCl 2 , RuCl 3 , RhCl 3 , IrCl 3 , PdCl 2 or PtCl 2 .
- the conditions for bringing the Lewis acid into contact with the complex represented by the formula (3) are not particularly limited. For example, after stirring in the temperature range of 20 ° C. to 80 ° C. for 1 hour to 12 hours, ⁇ 35 ° C. to It may be allowed to stand in the temperature range of 20 ° C. for 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the complex represented by the formula (1A) or the nitrogen-fixed complex represented by the formula (3) may be used in a state of being dissolved in a solvent or may be used as a solid.
- the solvent include hexane, pentane, heptane, and a mixed solvent obtained by mixing two or more of these.
- the carrier include silica gel, alumina (aluminum oxide), activated carbon, titania (titanium dioxide), etc., but electrons are contained in the 12CaO ⁇ 7Al 2 O 3 structure. The taken electride may be sufficient.
- ammonia using the cationic or anionic complex of the complex shown to Formula (1A) it can carry out on the conditions substantially the same as the case where the complex shown to Formula (1A) is used. Moreover, also when manufacturing ammonia using the complex shown to Formula (1B), or the cationic or anionic complex of the said complex, it can carry out according to the case where the complex shown to Formula (1A) is used.
- the present invention provides an ammonia in which the complex represented by the above formula (1A), the complex represented by the formula (1B), these cationic or anionic complexes, or the nitrogen-fixed complex represented by the above formula (3) is immobilized.
- the complex represented by the above formula (1A), the complex represented by the formula (1B), these cationic or anionic complexes, or the nitrogen-fixed complex represented by the above formula (3) is immobilized.
- these complexes or nitrogen-immobilized complexes may be fixed as solids on a column or the above-described support, or may be bound to the support in a form dissolved in a solvent (see FIG. 1). .
- the present invention also provides an ammonia production apparatus provided with the above fixed bed (see FIG. 1).
- the ammonia production apparatus preferably further includes a hydrogen supply facility and a nitrogen supply facility.
- NMR spectroscopy Samples for NMR spectroscopy were prepared by using the Schlenk method or in a glove box using a J. Young valve NMR tube. 1 H, 13 C and 15 N NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL-AL400 spectrometer, JNM-AL300 spectrometer or JNM-ECA600 spectrometer. IR spectra were recorded on a Shimazu IRPrestige-21 spectrometer using the Nujolmur method between KBr discs. Elemental analysis was performed by MICRO CORDER JM10.
- Complex 1-Ti 908 mg, 1.81 mmol, 63%) as pale yellow crystals.
- Complex 1-Ti 1 H NMR (C 6 D 6 , rt): 2.05 (s, 6H, C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3 ), 1.83 (s, 6H, C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3 ), 1.45 (s, 6H , TiCH 2 SiMe 3), 0.27 (s, 36H, C 5 Me 4 SiMe 3, TiCH 2 SiMe 3) 13 C NMR (C 6 D 6, rt):.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show the crystal structure models obtained as a result of the above analysis.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of an X-ray crystallographic analysis of complex 3, with the two ⁇ 3 -imino ligands with positional disorder omitted for the purpose of clarity.
- FIG. 3 shows the result of X-ray crystal structure analysis of 2-Ti.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show models of crystal structures 4 and 7 obtained as a result of the X-ray crystal analysis.
- FIG. 6 shows the results of X-ray structural analysis of complex 7 (complex 7-THF).
- FIG. 8 is a time-conversion curve for the reaction of complex 4 with N 2 in THF-d 8 ( ⁇ 30 ° C .: 0 to 63 min, ⁇ 10 ° C .: 63 to 185 min, 0 ° C .: 185 to 192 min, 20 ° C: 192-1113 min).
- NMR spectra of the intermediate 5 (5-d 3: 62 MHz in THF, * THF-d 8, -70 °C / 5- 15 N: 60.81 MHz, THF-d 8, MeNO 2, -30 °C)
- figure 9 shows the NMR spectrum of complex 6 (6: 400 MHz, THF-d 8 , -50 ° C / 6-d 3 : 62 MHz in THF, * THF-d 8 , -50 ° C / 6- 15 N : 60.81 MHz, THF-d 8 , MeNO 2 , ⁇ 50 ° C.).
- a new catalytic process will be developed that produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen using complexes 1, 7, and 8 as key catalysts. For example, it is possible to generate ammonia catalytically by heating the complex 8 under pressure using a mixed gas of nitrogen and hydrogen.
- Pinacolborane (HB pin ) (36 mg, 0.28 mmol) was added at room temperature in the presence of C 6 D 6 to complex 9 (10 mg, 0.013 mmol) obtained by the reaction of complex 4 and nitrogen described above. By reacting for 30 minutes, dark green complex 11 having a boron bond on nitrogen (yield 78% based on the molar amount of complex 9) was obtained. Subsequently, red or orange complex 12 was obtained by reacting complex 11 with pinacol borane (HB pin ) in the presence of C 6 D 6 at 80 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the present invention can be used for fixing nitrogen atoms or extracting fixed nitrogen atoms.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
1)以下の式(1A)または式(1B)で示される錯体、または、当該錯体のカチオン性もしくはアニオン性の錯体であって、
2)式(1A)および式(1B)におけるL1~L4(但し、式(1A)の場合はL1~L3)は同一の配位子であって、当該配位子は以下の式(2)で示される、1)に記載の錯体。
3)式(2)中で、R1~R5のすべてがメチル基であるか、R1~R5のうちの4つがメチル基であり他の1つが炭素数1~5のアルキル基を有するトリアルキルシリル基である、2)に記載の錯体。
4)式(1A)および式(1B)におけるM1~M4(但し、式(1A)の場合はM1~M3)は、いずれもTiである、1)~3)の何れかに記載の錯体。
5)式(1A)で示される、1)~4)の何れかに記載の錯体。
6)上記1)~5)の何れかに記載の錯体と窒素分子とを接触させることによって窒素原子が取り込まれてなる錯体。
7)以下の式(3)で示される錯体、または、当該錯体のカチオン性もしくはアニオン性の錯体である、6)に記載の錯体。
8)以下の式(3’)で示される錯体、または、当該錯体のカチオン性もしくはアニオン性の錯体。
9)上記1)~8)の何れかに記載の錯体に水素分子と窒素分子とを接触させるか、上記6)又は7)に記載の錯体に水素分子を接触させる接触工程を含む、アンモニアの製造方法。
10)上記1)~8)の何れかに記載の錯体を固定した、アンモニア製造用の固定床。
(本発明に係る錯体)
本発明に係る錯体の一例は、以下の式(1A)または式(1B)で示されるヒドリド錯体である。
好ましいインデニル環としては、以下の式(6)で表されるものが例示される。
好ましいジフェニルアミン型配位子としては、以下の式(7)で表されるものが例示される。
好ましいジフェニルホスフィン型配位子としては、以下の式(8)で表されるものが例示される。
上記の式(1A)で示されるヒドリド錯体の製造方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、式(10)に示す化合物と水素分子とを接触させることによって製造できる。
なお、式(10)におけるMは、式(1B)中のM1~M4と同じであり、式(10)中におけるLは、式(1B)中のL1~L4と同じである。すなわち、式(10)に示す化合物を一種類のみ用いれば、式(1B)に示す錯体であってM1~M4が同一であり、かつL1~L4が同一である錯体が得られる。また、式(1B)で示されるヒドリド錯体のカチオン性又はアニオン性の錯体は、式(1A)で示されるヒドリド錯体のカチオン性又はアニオン性の錯体の製造法に準じて製造することができる。
本発明は、式(1A)で示されるヒドリド錯体、式(1B)で示されるヒドリド錯体、および、これらのカチオン性またはアニオン性の錯体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の錯体と、窒素分子とを接触させることによって得られる、窒素原子が取り込まれてなる錯体(以下、「窒素固定化錯体」と称する)も提供する。
本発明は、上記の式(1A)に示す錯体、式(1B)に示す錯体、これらのカチオン性もしくはアニオン性の錯体、または上記の窒素固定化錯体を用いてアンモニアを製造する方法を提供する。
なお、ルイス酸におけるM5は多価元素を示し、好ましくは金属の原子であり、例えば、Cu(銅)、Zn(亜鉛)、Sc(スカンジウム)およびY(イットリウム)から選択される原子であり、なかでもCu、ZnおよびScから選択されることが好ましい。また、Xは、F、Cl、Br、IおよびOSO2CF3から選択される原子が挙げられる。
本発明は、上記の式(1A)に示す錯体、式(1B)に示す錯体、これらのカチオン性もしくはアニオン性の錯体、または上記式(3)に示す窒素固定化錯体を固定化した、アンモニア製造用の固定床を提供する。固定床において、これら錯体、または窒素固定化錯体は、固体としてカラムまたは上記の担体等に固定されていてもよいし、溶媒に溶解した形で担体に結合されていてもよい(図1参照)。
すべての反応を、シュレンク法を用いることによる酸素を含まない乾燥したアルゴン雰囲気、またはMbraunグローブボックスにおける窒素雰囲気もしくはアルゴン雰囲気のもとに、実施した。アルゴンを、Drycleanカラム(4A molecular sieves、Nikka Seiko Co.)およびGasclean GC-XRカラム(Nikka Seiko Co.)に通すことによって精製した。グローブボックスにおける窒素およびアルゴンを、銅/分子ふるい触媒ユニットを介して、常に循環させた。酸素および水分の濃度を、O2/H2O Combi-Analyzer(Mbraun)によってモニターして、いずれも常に1ppm未満に維持させた。NMRスペクトル測定のためのサンプルを、シュレンク法を用いることによってか、またはJ. Young valve NMR tubeを使用してグローブボックスにおいて、調製した。1H、13Cおよび15NのNMRスペクトルを、JEOL-AL400スペクトロメータ、JNM-AL300スペクトロメータまたはJNM-ECA600スペクトロメータによって記録した。IRスペクトルを、KBrディスクの間においてヌジョールムル法を用いてShimazu IRPrestige-21スペクトロメータによって記録した。元素分析を、MICRO CORDER JM10によって実施した。無水のTHF、ヘキサン、ベンゼン、Et2Oおよびトルエンを、SPS-800溶媒精製システム(Mbraun)を使用して精製し、グローブボックスにおいて新しいNaチップに通して乾燥させた。C5Me4H(SiMe3)を、Aldrichから購入し、入手した状態のままで使用した。他の試薬(TiCl4、LiCH2SiMe3)を、入手した状態のままで使用した。
以下の化合物の略称は、後述の〔3.実施例〕に示す化学式の通りである。
LiCH2SiMe3(812mg、8.63mmol)を、[(C5Me4SiMe3)TiCl3](1.0g、2.88mmol)の、-40℃のトルエンにおける攪拌懸濁物に対して穏やかに加えた。それから、混合物を、室温まで温め、3分にわたって攪拌した。真空下において溶媒を除去した後に、固体の残余物を、ヘキサンを用いて抽出し、ろ過した。減圧下において溶液の容積を減らした後に、オレンジ色の溶液を-33℃において一晩にわたって冷却して、淡黄色の結晶として錯体1-Ti(908mg、1.81mmol、63%)を得た。
錯体1-Ti:1H NMR (C6D6, rt): 2.05 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.83 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.45 (s, 6H, TiCH2SiMe3), 0.27 (s, 36H, C5Me4SiMe3, TiCH2SiMe3). 13C NMR (C6D6, rt): 128.4 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 127.5 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 122.6 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 85.8 (s, TiCH2SiMe3), 16.0 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 13.07 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.0 (s, TiCH2SiMe3), 1.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). Anal. Calcd for C24H54Si4Ti: C, 57.32; H, 10.82. Found: C, 57.32; H, 10.50。
10mLのHiper Glass Cylinder(TAIATSU TECHNO(登録商標))における錯体1-Ti(100mg、0.199mmol)のヘキサン(2.0mL)溶液に、1気圧のN2および4気圧のH2を注入した。溶液を1日にわたって60℃において攪拌した。溶液の色は、淡黄色から黒紫色に変わった。反応の後に、溶液を蒸発させ、残余物を冷却したヘキサンを用いて洗浄して、黒紫色の固体として錯体3(45mg、0.045mmol、90%)を得た。X線回折試験に適した錯体3の単結晶を、室温において錯体3の濃縮したC6H6溶液から得た。15N濃縮した化合物[(C5Me4SiMe3)4Ti4(μ3-15NH)2(μ-H)4]:錯体3-15Nの調製を、親錯体3とまったく同じ方法にしたがって実施した。
錯体3:1H NMR (C6D6, rt): 11.01 (s, 2H, μ3-NH), 2.27 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.03 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.91 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.88 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.82 (s, 4H, μ-H), 0.49 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.34 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3). 13C NMR (C6D6, rt): 126.4 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 125.6 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 123.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 122.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 115.4 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 114.7 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 16.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 13.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 13.3 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.0 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). Calcd for C48H90N2Si4Ti4: C, 57.71; H, 9.08; N, 2.80. Found: C, 58.11; H, 8.78; N, 2.75.
錯体3-15N:1H NMR (C6D6, rt): 11.04 (d, JNH = 66.5 Hz, 15NH), 2.28 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.04 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.92 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.89 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.76 (s, 4H, μ-H), 0.50 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.35 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3). 13C NMR (C6D6, rt): 126.4 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 125.6 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 123.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 122.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 115.4 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 114.7 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 16.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 13.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 13.4 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.0 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). 15N NMR (60.81 MHz, C6D6, MeNO2, rt):σ 52.7 (s, JNH = 66.8 Hz, μ3-NH)。
10mLのHiper Glass Cylinder(TAIATSU TECHNO(登録商標))における錯体1-Ti(252mg、0.501mmol)のヘキサン(2.0mL)溶液に、4気圧のH2を注入した。淡黄色溶液を、17時間にわたって60℃において攪拌した。反応の後に、溶液は暗赤色に変わった。溶液を蒸発させ、-33℃のTHFにおいて結晶化させて、暗褐色の固体として錯体2-Ti(12mg、0.012mmol、10%)を得た。X線回折試験に適した錯体2-Tiの単結晶を、室温において濃縮したC6H6溶液から得た。
錯体2-Ti:1H NMR (C6D6, rt): 2.41 (s, 24H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.28 (s, 24H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.52 (s, 36H, C5Me4SiMe3), -1.21 (s, 8H, μ-H). 13C NMR (C6D6, rt): 127.1 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 122.4 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 114.2 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 18.3 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 14.1 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.7 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). Calcd for C48H92Si4Ti4: C, 59.25; H, 9.53. Found: C, 59.07; H, 8.69.
(錯体3および錯体2-TiのX線結晶解析)
X線解析のための結晶を上述のように得た。結晶を、グローブボックスにおける顕微鏡のもとに、グローブボックスにおいて扱い、薄壁のガラスキャピラリーに密閉した。データの回収を、CCD領域検出器を有しているBruker SMART APEX回折計によって、グラファイトによって単色化されたMo-Kα照射(λ=0.71073Å)を用いて、-100℃において実施した。結晶分類および単位セルの要素の決定をSMARTプログラムパッケージによって実施した。SAINTおよびSADABSを用いて未加工の構造データを処理して、データファイルを生成した。SHELXTLプログラムを用いて構造を明らかにした。2-Tiおよび3についての精密化を、完全行列最小二乗法によって水素以外の原子についてF2に基づいて異方的に行なった。中立原子についての分析の散乱係数を、分析の全体を通して使用した。錯体2-TiにおけるH5およびH6原子の位置の乱れ(disorder)を50%の占有率において精密化した。錯体3におけるN1、N2、H2、H3、H4およびH5原子の位置の乱れを50%の占有率において精密化した。残りの電子密度は化学的な意味を有していなかった。
上述の錯体2-Tiの合成と同じ手順にしたがって得られた生成物から錯体2-Tiを結晶化させた後に、残りの溶液部分を減圧下において蒸発させ、-33℃のヘキサンにおいて結晶化させて、黒紫色の固体として錯体4(84mg、0.115mmol、69%)を得た。X線回折試験に適した錯体4の単結晶を、-33℃において濃縮した錯体4のTHF溶液から得た。錯体4の1H NMRのスペクトル(400 MHz, Toluene-d8, 室温)を図4に示す。
錯体4:1H NMR (Toluene-d8, rt): 2.88 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.66 (s, 7H, μ-H), 2.10 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.25 (s, 27H, C5Me4SiMe3). 13C NMR (Toluene-d8, rt): 129.1 (obscured by Toluene-d8, C5Me4SiMe3), 123.3 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 113.0 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 17.2 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 12.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.5 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). 1H NMR (THF-d8, rt): 2.85 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.53 (s, 7H, μ-H), 2.12 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.12 (s, 27H, C5Me4SiMe3). 13C NMR (THF-d8, rt): 129.6 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 123.8 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 113.4 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 17.5 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 13.0 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.6 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). Calcd for C36H70Si3Ti3: C, 59.17; H, 9.65. Found: C, 58.93; H, 8.79。
錯体7:1H NMR (Toluene-d8, rt): 37.65 (brs, 1H, NH), 11.69 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 6.93 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 4.21 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.99 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.92 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.89 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.58 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.42 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3). 1H NMR (THF-d8, -70 ℃): 17.23 (brs, 1H, NH), 2.48 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.13 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.08 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.95 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.89 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.19 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.01 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3).
7-15N:1H NMR (Toluene-d8, rt): 37.46 (d, JHN = 65.2 Hz, 1H, 15N-H), 11.62 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 6.91 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 4.20 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.98 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.92 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 3.88 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.59 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.43 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3). 1H NMR (THF-d8, -50 ℃): 17.62 (d, JHN = 63.6 Hz, 1H, 15N-H), 2.59 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.32 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.19 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.15 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.07 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.01 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.17 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), -0.01 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3). 15NNMR (40.5 MHz, THF-d8, MeNO2, -50 ℃): σ 402.9 (s, μ-N), 46.9 (s, μ-NH). Calcd for C36H66N2Si3Ti3: C, 57.29; H, 8.81; N, 3.71. Found: C, 57.77; H, 8.73; N, 3.30。
錯体3および錯体2-Tiと同様に、錯体4および錯体7のX線結晶解析を行なった。解析結果のうち錯体4におけるH7原子の位置の乱れを61%の占有率において精密化した。残りの電子密度は化学的な意味を有していなかった。錯体3および錯体2-Tiを含めた結晶データおよび分析結果を表1に示す。
J. Young valne NMR sample tubeに、0.5mLのトルエン-d8および錯体4(10mg、0.014mmol)を入れた。溶液を、液体窒素において凍結させ、脱気し、1気圧のN2ガスを加えた。溶液を0℃に維持し、反応を1H NMRによってモニターした。3時間後に、錯体4は、H2(σH 4.5)の形成をともなって中間体5(~75%)および錯体7(~10%)に変換された。それから、温度を0から20℃に上昇させた。4時間後に、中間体5は錯体7(~95%)に変換された。N2をともなった錯体4の時間-変換曲線を図7に示す。図7は、トルエン-d8中における、錯体4とN2との反応に関する時間-変換曲線である(0℃: 0~212 min, 20 ℃: 212~448 min)。
中間体5:1H NMR (Toluene-d8, 0 ℃): 10.20 (s, 1H, Ti-H), 2.56 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.01 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.93 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.89 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.81 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.66 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.27 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.01 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3), -13.69 (s, 2H, Ti-H-Ti).
5-15N:15N NMR (60.81 MHz, Toluene-d8, MeNO2, -30 ℃): 262.8 (d, JNN = 21.0 Hz, N-N), 73.0 (d, JNN = 21.0 Hz, N-N).
5-d3:2H NMR (62 MHz, Toluene-d8, -30 ℃): 10.3 (s, 1D, μ-D), -13.9 (s, 2D, μ-D)。
中間体5:1H NMR (THF-d8, -30 ℃): 9.73 (s, 1H, Ti-H), 2.52 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.00 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.91 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.84 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.80 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.72 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.15 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), -0.10 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3), -13.80 (s, 2H, Ti-H-Ti).
中間体5-15N:15N NMR (60.81 MHz, THF-d8, MeNO2, -30 ℃): 73.1 (d, JNN = 21.5 Hz, N-N), 262.9 (d, JNN = 21.5 Hz, N-N).
中間体5-d3:2H NMR (62 MHz, THF-d8, -70 ℃): 8.86 (s, 1D, μ-D), -13.72 (s, 2D,μ-D)。
錯体6:1H NMR (THF-d8, -70 ℃): 4.65 (t, JHH = 28.0 Hz, 1H, Ti-H-Ti), 2.67 (d, JHH= 28.0 Hz, 2H, Ti-H-Ti), 2.47 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.20 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.07 (s, 6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.02 (s, 12H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.74 (obscured by THF-d8, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.26 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.18 (s, 9H, C5Me4SiMe3).
錯体6-15N:15N NMR (60.81 MHz, THF-d8, MeNO2, -50 ℃): 593.4 (s, μ-N), 444.8 (s, μ-N).
錯体6-d3:2H NMR (62 MHz, THF-d8, -50 ℃): 4.56 (s, 1D, μ-D), 2.77 (s, 2D, μ-D)。
8: 1H NMR (400 MHz, C6D6, rt): 14.02 (s, 3H, μ-NH), 2.34 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.90 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.32 (s, 27H, C5Me4SiMe3)。
(チタンールイス酸錯体の合成)
錯体10(MXn=CuCl):1H NMR (C6D6, rt): 12.03 (brs, 3H, NH), 2.23 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 1.86 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.33 (s, 27H, Si(CH3)3). 13C{1H} NMR (C6D6, rt): 127.5 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 124.9 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 116.2 (s, ipso-C5Me4SiMe3), 15.1 (s, s, C5Me4SiMe3), 11.8 (s, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.36 (s, C5Me4SiMe3). 15N{1H} NMR (40.52 MHz, toluene-d8, MeNO2, rt): 406.1 (s, μ3-15N), 21.9 (s, μ2-15NH). Calcd for C36H66ClCuN4Si3Ti3: C, 49.03; H, 7.54; N, 6.35. found: C, 49.25; H, 7.48; N, 6.35。
錯体10(MXn=ZnCl2):1H NMR (C6D6, rt):2.14, 2.12, 2.09, 2.00, 1.97, 1.95 (s, 6×6H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.31 (s, 18H, Si(CH3)3), 0.29 (s, 9H, Si(CH3)3). NH protons were not observed. Calcd for C36H66Cl2N4Si3Ti3Zn: C, 47.04; H, 7.24; N, 6.10. found: C, 47.07; H, 7.05; N, 6.01。
錯体10(MXn=ScCl3):1H NMR (C6D6, rt):12.82 (brs, 3H, NH), 2.36 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 2.20 (s, 18H, C5Me4SiMe3), 0.32 (s, 27H, Si(CH3)3)。
Claims (10)
- 式(1A)および式(1B)におけるL1~L4(但し、式(1A)の場合はL1~L3)は同一の配位子であって、当該配位子は以下の式(2)で示される、請求項1に記載の錯体。
- 式(2)中で、R1~R5のすべてがメチル基であるか、R1~R5のうちの4つがメチル基であり他の1つが炭素数1~5のアルキル基を有するトリアルキルシリル基である、請求項2に記載の錯体。
- 式(1A)および式(1B)におけるM1~M4(但し、式(1A)の場合はM1~M3)は、いずれもTiである、請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の錯体。
- 式(1A)で示される、請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の錯体。
- 請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の錯体と窒素分子とを接触させることによって窒素原子が取り込まれてなる錯体。
- 請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の錯体に水素分子と窒素分子とを接触させるか、請求項6又は7に記載の錯体に水素分子を接触させる接触工程を含む、アンモニアの製造方法。
- 請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の錯体を固定した、アンモニア製造用の固定床。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/443,888 US9890184B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Complex and use of same |
EP13856069.3A EP2924046A4 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | NEW COMPLEX AND USE |
JP2014548596A JP6004500B2 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | 新規錯体およびその利用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2012-254712 | 2012-11-20 | ||
JP2012254712 | 2012-11-20 | ||
JP2013-130982 | 2013-06-21 | ||
JP2013130982 | 2013-06-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014080939A1 true WO2014080939A1 (ja) | 2014-05-30 |
Family
ID=50776119
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2013/081276 WO2014080939A1 (ja) | 2012-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | 新規錯体およびその利用 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9890184B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2924046A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6004500B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014080939A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2952082B2 (es) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-03-04 | Univ Alcala Henares | Complejos monociclopentadienilo para la sintesis de amoniaco |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004083534A (ja) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-18 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 新規な金属ヒドリドクラスターアニオン |
JP2004115401A (ja) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-15 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 新規な金属ポリヒドリドクラスター |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5541349A (en) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-07-30 | The Dow Chemical Company | Metal complexes containing partially delocalized II-bound groups and addition polymerization catalysts therefrom |
FR2887253A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-22 | Phosphoenix Sarl | Nouvelles arylphosphines p chirales ortho-fonctionnalisees et derives: leur preparation et utilisation en catalyse asymetrique |
JP2008169201A (ja) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-07-24 | Tokyo Univ Of Agriculture & Technology | 新規光学活性ビアリールリン化合物とその製造方法 |
DE102008027005A1 (de) * | 2008-06-05 | 2009-12-10 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Organische elektronische Vorrichtung enthaltend Metallkomplexe |
US9586196B2 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2017-03-07 | Kyoto University | Metal nanoparticle-PCP complex and manufacturing method therefor |
-
2013
- 2013-11-20 EP EP13856069.3A patent/EP2924046A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-11-20 US US14/443,888 patent/US9890184B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-11-20 JP JP2014548596A patent/JP6004500B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-11-20 WO PCT/JP2013/081276 patent/WO2014080939A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004083534A (ja) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-18 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 新規な金属ヒドリドクラスターアニオン |
JP2004115401A (ja) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-15 | Japan Science & Technology Corp | 新規な金属ポリヒドリドクラスター |
Non-Patent Citations (12)
Title |
---|
H. KAWAGUCHI ET AL., ANGEW. CHEM. INT. ED., vol. 46, 2007, pages 8778 |
H.BRINTZINGER: "Formation of Ammonia by Insertion of Molecular Nitrogen into Metal- Hydride Bonds. II. Di-p-imino-bis (dicyclopentadienyltitanium(III)) as a Product of the Reaction between Di-p-hydrido-bis (dicyclopentadienyltitanium(III)) and Moleclar Nitrogen", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 88, no. 18, 1966, pages 4307 - 4308, XP008179433 * |
J.O.DZIEGIELEWSKI ET AL.: "Photoreduction of moleclar nitrogen using the complex [ReH5(dppe) (PPh3)]", POLYHEDRON, vol. 16, no. 12, 1997, pages 1979 - 1981, XP055257630 * |
J.O.DZIEGIELEWSKI ET AL.: "THE CYCLIC FIXATION AND REDUCTION OF MOLECULAR NITROGEN WITH [WH4 (Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) 2] IN y-IRRADIATED SOLUTIONS", POLYHEDRON, vol. 10, no. 23/24, 1991, pages 2827 - 2832, XP055257626 * |
M. D. FRYZUK ET AL., SCIENCE, vol. 275, 1997, pages 1445 |
N.MARTINEZ-ESPADA ET AL.: "Cyclopentadienyl and Alkynyl Copper(I) Derivatives with the [ {Ti (r5-CSMes) (p-NH) }3 (p3-N) ]Metalloligand", ORGANOMETALLICS, vol. 29, no. 24, 2010, pages 6732 - 6738, XP055257622 * |
NATURE CHEM., vol. 2, 2010, pages 120 |
O.DZIEGIELEWSKI: "APPLICATION OF THE MOLYBDENUM(IV) HYDRIDE COMPLEXES IN CYCLOHEXANE SOLUTIONS TO THE RADIATION-CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF MOLECULAR NITROGEN", POLYHEDRON, vol. 9, no. 5, 1990, pages 645 - 651, XP055258234 * |
R. R. SCHROCK, SCIENCE, vol. 301, 2003, pages 76 |
See also references of EP2924046A4 * |
T.SHIMA ET AL.: "Dinitrogen Cleavage and Hydrogenation by a Trinuclear Titanium Polyhydride Complex", SCIENCE, vol. 340, no. 6140, 28 June 2013 (2013-06-28), pages 1549 - 1552, XP055223986 * |
T.SHIMA ET AL.: "Tetra-, Penta-, and Hexanuclear Yttrium Hydride Clusters from Half-Sandwich Bis(aminobenzyl) Complexes Containing Various Cyclopentadienyl Ligands", ORGANOMETALLICS, vol. 30, no. 9, 2011, pages 2513 - 2524, XP055257624 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2014080939A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
US9890184B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
EP2924046A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
EP2924046A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
US20150291635A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
JP6004500B2 (ja) | 2016-10-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Cummins et al. | Synthesis of Terminal Vanadium (V) Imido, Oxo, Sulfido, Selenido, and Tellurido Complexes by Imido Group or Chalcogenide Atom Transfer to Trigonal Monopyramidal V [N3N](N3N=[(Me3SiNCH2CH2) 3N] 3-) | |
Fryzuk et al. | Tridentate amidophosphine derivatives of the nickel triad: synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of nickel (II), palladium (II), and platinum (II) amide complexes | |
Evans et al. | Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of. mu.,. eta. 2-N-alkylformimidoyl complexes of erbium and yttrium: a structural comparison | |
Adatia et al. | Chemistry of phosphido-bridged dimolybdenum complexes. Part 3. Reinvestigation of the reaction between [Mo 2 (η-C 5 H 5) 2 (CO) 6] and P 2 Ph 4; X-ray structures of [Mo 2 (η-C 5 H 5) 2 (µ-PPh 2) 2 (CO) 2],[Mo 2 (η-C 5 H 5) 2 (µ-PPh 2) 2 (µ-CO)], and trans-[Mo 2 (η-C 5 H 5) 2 (µ-PPh 2) 2 O (CO)] | |
Rausch et al. | Formation of [(diphenylphosphino) cyclopentadienyl] thallium and its utility in the synthesis of heterobimetallic titanium-manganese complexes: the molecular structure of (. eta. 5-cyclopentadienyl) dicarbonyl [(. eta. 5-cyclopentadienyl)[. eta. 5-(diphenylphosphino) cyclopentadienyl] dichlorotitanium-P] manganese | |
Deetlefs et al. | Stoichiometric and catalytic reactions of gold utilizing ionic liquids | |
Fleischer et al. | Raman Spectroscopic Investigation and Coordination Behavior of the Polyimido SVI Anions [RS (NR) 3]− and [S (NR) 4] 2− | |
Elsner et al. | Reactions of (η5-C5H5)(η5-C5Me5) Zr [Si (SiMe3) 3] X (X Cl, Me) complexes with carbon monoxide and the isocyanide 2, 6-Me2C6H3NC. Crystal structure of (η5-C5H5)(η5-C5Me5) Zr [η2-C (N-2, 6-Me2C6H3) Si (SiMe3) 3] Cl | |
Camp et al. | CS 2 activation at uranium (iii) siloxide ate complexes: the effect of a Lewis acidic site | |
Braunschweig et al. | Boryl‐and Bridging Boryleneiron Complexes from Aminodichloroboranes | |
Han et al. | Synthesis and characterization of half-sandwich iridium complexes containing 2, 6 (7)-bis (4-pyridyl)-1, 4, 5, 8-tetrathiafulvalene and ancillary ortho-carborane-1, 2-dichalcogenolato ligands | |
Woo et al. | Synthesis, reactivity, and characterization of the first donor-stabilized silylene complexes of osmium meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrin (TTP) Os: SiR2. cntdot. THF (R= Me, Et, iso-Pr) and the molecular structure of (TTP) Os: SiEt2. cntdot. 2THF | |
Bai et al. | Diverse coordination behaviors of the silyl-linked bis (amidinate) ligand [SiMe2 {NC (Ph) N (Ph)} 2] 2− to zirconium center | |
Eilrich et al. | Cyclooligophosphanes and their coordination chemistry | |
Veith et al. | Reactions of cyclic bis (amino) germylenes and-stannylenes with [CpFe (CO) 2] 2 and CpFe (CO) 2Me (Cp=. eta. 5-C5H5): syntheses and single-crystal x-ray structures of four new insertion compounds | |
Corey et al. | Isolation and Structural Characterization of cis-and trans-Forms of [(. eta. 5-C5Me5) TiCl2] 2 [. mu.-. eta. 5:. eta. 5-(C5H3) 2 (SiMe2) 2] | |
Hyla-Kryspin et al. | Pentadienyl as a Stronger Binding but More Reactive Ligand Than Cyclopentadienyl: Syntheses, Reactions, and Molecular Orbital Studies of Half-Open Titanocenes | |
JP6004500B2 (ja) | 新規錯体およびその利用 | |
Kaleta et al. | Unusual bond activation processes in the reaction of group 4 cyclopentadienyl alkyne complexes with azobenzene | |
Ding et al. | Pentamethyl-and 1, 2, 4-tri (tert-butyl) cyclopentadienyl containing p-block complexes–differences and similarities | |
Adiraju et al. | Copper (I) complexes of anionic tridentate CNC pincer ligands | |
Horno et al. | Preparation of Dimeric Monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium (III) Dihalides and Related Derivatives | |
Gemel et al. | Ruthenium tris (pyrazolyl) borate complexes. Formation and characterization of acetone, dimethylformamide and vinylidene complexes containing N, N-donor co-ligands | |
Hendershot et al. | Synthesis and characterization of neopentyl-and [(trimethylsilyl) methyl] antimony compounds. Molecular structures of (Me3CCH2) 3Sb,(Me3CCH2) 3SbI2,(Me3SiCH2) 3Sb, and (Me3SiCH2) 3SbI2 | |
Butcher et al. | Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of the samarium mono (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) aryloxide complexes (η-C5Me5) Sm (O-2, 6-t-Bu2C6H3) 2 (THF) and [(η-C5Me5) Sm (O-2, 6-i-Pr2C6H3) 3Li (THF)]. Differences in metathesis chemistry of 2, 6-di-iso-propylphenoxide and 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenoxide ligands |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13856069 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014548596 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14443888 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2013856069 Country of ref document: EP |