WO2014079696A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenmarkierung - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenmarkierung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014079696A1 WO2014079696A1 PCT/EP2013/073245 EP2013073245W WO2014079696A1 WO 2014079696 A1 WO2014079696 A1 WO 2014079696A1 EP 2013073245 W EP2013073245 W EP 2013073245W WO 2014079696 A1 WO2014079696 A1 WO 2014079696A1
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- chamber
- isotope
- chamber according
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L1/00—Enclosures; Chambers
- B01L1/02—Air-pressure chambers; Air-locks therefor
- B01L1/025—Environmental chambers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/14—Incubators; Climatic chambers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
- B01L2300/069—Absorbents; Gels to retain a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/10—Means to control humidity and/or other gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/12—Specific details about materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/18—Means for temperature control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device (isotope labeling chamber) for labeling organisms, preferably plants and animals, with isotopes and a marking method by means of the use of the device according to the invention.
- MFA Metabolic flux analyzes
- radioisotopes are, for example, 14 C, 3 H, or 32 P, or stable isotopes, such as, for example, 2 H, 13 C, 18 0, 15 N.
- the labeled compounds taken up by the plant such as, for example, labeled carbon dioxide, pass through intracellular metabolic pathways whereby the labeled isotopes are distributed and incorporated into the intracellular metabolites or end products of metabolism of interest (eg, protein, starch, lipid, cell wall).
- the labeling in metabolites or end products of the metabolism can then be detected by mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance.
- the typical labeling patterns of intermediates in the central metabolism or its end products thus constitute an "isotopic fingerprint" that can be used to calculate the actual flux distribution.
- the experimental determination of systemic metabolic fluxes using 13 C isotopes has long been used to study various organisms, such as eg Penicillium chrysogenum (Christensen and Nielsen, 2000), Escherichia coli (Fischer and Sauer, 2003, Zhao et al., 2004), various yeasts (Blank et al., 2005), Bacillus subtilis (Sauer et al., 1997), Corynebacterium glutamicum (Marx et al., 1996), Synechocystis (Yang et al., 2002), Methylobacterium extorquens (Van Dien et al., 2003), soy embryos (Sriram e
- a device for regulating and determining the carbon dioxide content of a growth chamber by means of controlled supply and discharge of carbon dioxide and a device for absorbing carbon dioxide are described in DE 1773320; however, the chamber described in DE 1773320 is a system for detecting the total carbon dioxide turnover of plants (or other organisms such as lichens) - an intervention in the sense of continuous sampling, as required for the analysis of metabolic flows and by the present invention a lock chamber provided marking is not provided.
- US5341595 discloses a chamber for analysis of plant growth, wherein also no previous removal of unlabelled carbon dioxide is possible by means of the device described in US5341595.
- the device disclosed in US5341595 lacks a uniform ventilation system.
- Chen et al. (Proteome Science 201 1, 9: 9 http: //www.proteomesci.eom/content/9/1/9) discloses a closed plant growth chamber by means of which moisture, pressure, temperature, and 13 CO 2 concentration can be controlled and kept constant ,
- the described chamber does not have a lock which would allow samples to be taken continuously in a dynamic MFA without gas exchange between the interior of the chamber and the external environment.
- the plants are described by Chen et al. for several weeks in a pure 13 C02 atmosphere, whereby they are almost completely labeled with 13 C02. Subsequently, the chamber is opened and lifted in a burst, whereupon the rapid sampling takes place. It is therefore not, as possible in the inventive chamber, an accumulation of 13 C in the plants / metabolites measured, but a depletion of the 13 C, and an enrichment of the 12 C from the surrounding atmosphere. The Chen et al. described method is thus much more expensive, since a much higher amount of 13 C02 is needed.
- Chen et al. described method is a much greater deviation from natural / physiological conditions, as the only short exposure of the plants to be labeled with 13 C02 in the process according to the invention, since the plants remain over a longer period in a closed system in which there is an artificial atmosphere.
- a difference between 12 C0 2 and 13 C0 2 in the photosynthetic utilization by plants is known.
- Young et al. (201 1, Metabolie Engineering 13, pp. 656-665) reported a carbon flux map of the single-celled cyanobacterium Synechocystis, using intracellular 13 C distributions to calculate metabolic fluxes under photoautotrophic conditions.
- the high frequency of sampling required for this purpose can be achieved, for example, by taking a sample volume through a stopcock when liquid cultures are used.
- a device for rapid sampling and thus measurement of 13 C02 incorporation of higher plants, which would allow a much more efficient, precise and more natural experimental setup, is not known in the prior art.
- the implementation of such measurements, especially on whole crops such as corn, rice, soybeans or rapeseed, is thus far not possible.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a marking chamber for plants, by means of which reliable dynamic metabolic flux analyzes can be carried out in plants, without an undesired gas exchange between the interior of the chamber and the surroundings influencing the measurement results.
- no continuous sampling without sustained disturbance of the chamber climate is possible.
- the 13 C02 saturation achieved in the known systems does not correspond to the natural state over a longer period.
- the device according to the invention moreover, less 13 CO 2 is consumed (and thus operated at a lower cost) than in the case of Chen et al. described inverse method.
- an isotope labeling chamber for labeling metabolic products in an organism preferably a plant
- a reactor chamber (1) comprising a reactor chamber (1), and an air regulation chamber (2), characterized in that the reactor chamber (1) follows Components includes:
- housing frame (3) optionally a housing frame (3), housing walls (4), at least one injection valve (5), wherein at least one housing wall (4) is completely and / or partially open and wherein at least one housing wall has a lock (6),
- the air regulation chamber (2) comprises the following components:
- a temperature control unit (7) an air humidification unit (8), and a gas absorption unit (9).
- the temperature control unit, the humidification unit and the gas absorption unit are each connected via channels and / or hoses to the upper reactor chamber, thus forming independent circuits and Luf gas exchanges with the reactor chamber.
- the reactor chamber (upper compartment: housing walls and upper part of the frame) is made as a module, so variable, only the air control chamber (lower compartment) is permanently provided with technology, so that reactor or planting chambers of different sizes can be combined with the air control chamber.
- FIG. 1 shows an overall view of the marking chamber according to the invention wherein the numbers have the following meaning:
- FIG. 2 shows a lock according to the invention, wherein the numbers have the following meaning:
- Foam rubber strip Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the temperature control unit with ventilation device, wherein the numbers have the following meaning:
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the air humidification device, wherein the numbers have the following meaning: (25) fan / fan; (29) air intake; (30) air outlet; (31) water vessel filled with water; (32) ultrasonic nebulizer; (33) splash guard plate; (34) Flexible plastic hose
- Fig. 5 shows the gas absorption device (A) and the pressure compensation device (B), wherein the numbers have the following meaning:
- Fig. 6 shows the result of a LC-MS / MS measurement using the example of a central entry metabolite of carbon dioxide metabolism, 3-phosphoglycerate. Shown are the relative abundances of the different mass isotopomers as affected by the increasing incorporation of 13 C:
- the chamber according to the invention comprises a reactor chamber (1), and an air regulation chamber (2), characterized in that the reactor chamber (1) comprises the following components: optionally a housing frame (3), housing walls (4), at least one injection valve (5), wherein at least one housing wall (4) is completely and / or partially apparent, and wherein at least one housing wall has a lock (6),
- the air regulation chamber (2) comprises the following components:
- a temperature control unit (7) an air humidification unit (8), and a gas absorption unit (9).
- the table is made of plastic, more preferably polyvinyl chloride, and is designed in the form of a rotatable plate, which an externally shiftable geared motor (14) can be rotated to position the plants within the chamber within reach of the lock, thereby further increasing the potential frequency of sampling.
- the motor may be located outside the plant chamber by using an axis penetrating the chamber wall to prevent undesired gas exchange with radial shaft seals (so-called "oil seals").
- the size of the chamber should be chosen so that it is suitable for marking plants of different sizes.
- the size of the chamber is chosen so that it can be used to mark different stages of development of crop plants such as corn, soy, rice, rape, cotton, wheat, rye, barley, triticale, millet, hops, potato, tobacco, tomato, eggplant, Pepper, oil, flax, sunflower, pea, as well as various bushes such as coffee, cocoa, tea, grasses and model plants such as Ara- bidopsis thaliana, suitable.
- the plants to be marked can be both wild forms, as well as various cultivars, hybrid varieties or transgenic plants of different developmental stages.
- the marking chamber is modularly constructed of an air regulation chamber (as a lower part of the chamber) and a reactor chamber (as an upper part of the chamber), whereby the air regulation chamber can in principle be combined with reactor chambers of different sizes and textures in order to experiment with different plants, Development stages and conditions such as number of plants, lighting conditions, exposure to pesticides or stress factors such as heat, cold, drought, salt, etc. to enable.
- the chamber is composed of reactor and air control chambers 150-200 cm high, 50-90 cm wide, and 50-90 cm deep, and has a total volume of 600-1000L.
- the reactor chamber alone is preferably 80-130 cm high, and has a total volume of 450-800L
- the reactor chamber is 75 cm wide, 75 cm deep and 110 cm high and has a volume of around 560L.
- the housing wall (4) has an injection valve (5), which is suitable for 13 C02 injections. On another or the same housing wall (4), there may be an outflow channel (see # 35 in Figure 5 (A)) connected to the gas absorption unit and discharging unmarked carbon dioxide thereto.
- the injection valve is also suitable for introducing pollutant gases, herbicides, other gaseous isotope markers, stable or radioactively labeled gases (oxygen, CO, water vapor, nitrogen).
- the at least one completely and / or partially openable housing wall may be a lid on the Top of the reactor chamber or act around a door on one side of the reactor chamber.
- the lock comprises a frame, stretchable elastic bands, a seal preferably of sponge rubber, and a cover with a magnet.
- such a lock (for example for sampling) can be accessed directly without there being any effective gas exchange between the chamber and the environment, and without the lock having to be opened by additional steps Capture the transients of the metabolites required sampling time of 2-10 seconds.
- a lock is particularly preferably composed of a plurality of elastic bands which overlap one another in the shape of a cross or a star (see Figures 2 (B) and (D)), which are stretched over the opening in the housing wall.
- Suitable materials for the elastic, elastic bands are, for example, nitrile, rubber or others.
- the stretchable elastic bands are made of latex.
- two or more such locks can be installed one behind the other, wherein an air curtain / protective gas flow between the individual locks can ensure almost complete prevention of gas exchange.
- the chamber according to the invention comprises two separate locks, through which, for example, a person can act with both hands in the chamber or even two persons can take samples simultaneously or alternately, whereby, for example, samples of different plant structures (such as leaves and flowers) can be taken simultaneously as well as the interval between two sampling can be further shortened.
- two separate locks through which, for example, a person can act with both hands in the chamber or even two persons can take samples simultaneously or alternately, whereby, for example, samples of different plant structures (such as leaves and flowers) can be taken simultaneously as well as the interval between two sampling can be further shortened.
- the lock comprises at least two, more preferably at least four, most preferably six or eight, crosswise or star-shaped overlapping stretchable tapes, preferably of latex (see Figure 2 (B) and (D)), which ideally have a roughened surface , or the lowest possible friction coefficients, in order to ensure optimum accessibility of the hand and the samples through the lock.
- latex see Figure 2 (B) and (D)
- the latex bands are replaceable by means of a clamping mechanism (see Figure 2 (E) and 2 (F)) on a two-part frame, consisting of a provided with a through opening (18) base plate (16) for attaching the latex bands and a second, smaller and also provided with a punch-through plate (six- or octagonal (17)) clamped for the support and orientation of the latex bands.
- a clamping mechanism see Figure 2 (E) and 2 (F)
- a two-part frame consisting of a provided with a through opening (18) base plate (16) for attaching the latex bands and a second, smaller and also provided with a punch-through plate (six- or octagonal (17)) clamped for the support and orientation of the latex bands.
- a cover can be done for example by a plate, which may consist of the same material as the housing walls of the chamber, may have a holding device and a fastening device, such as screws, profiles, a plug or magnet, can be attached to the housing wall, so that the lock is tightly closed.
- the lock cover made of polycarbonate, is provided with a handle and to attach magnets on the frame of the lock.
- the housing walls are preferably made of transparent materials which have a high light transmission with the least possible modification of the spectral composition of the incoming light. Thus, artificial light sources can be avoided and the lighting conditions within the chamber can be adjusted to different experimental conditions. Suitable materials include, for example, glass and plastics such as acrylic glass or polyvinyl chloride and polycarbonate in question. Preferably, the housing walls are made of polycarbonate.
- the wall thickness of the individual housing walls can be different.
- the housing walls have a wall thickness of 3 to 11, particularly preferably 5 to 9 mm.
- the housing frame made of aluminum, preferably duralumin.
- the housing frame is additionally provided with a sealing material which allows an airtight sealing of the chamber.
- Suitable sealant materials include, for example, (neoprene), acrylic, or silicone, with low solvent content materials being preferred.
- the sealing material consists of vinegar-crosslinking silicone without (fungicidal) admixtures (so-called aquarium silicone).
- various solutions are suitable, such as rubber profiles or foam pads, cellular rubber.
- the door and cover are preferably sealed by means of closed-cell foam material, such as neoprene sponge rubber, applied to the housing.
- the reactor chamber so the upper module of the preferred embodiment of the chamber, airtight with the air control chamber, so the lower module of the chamber, connected by a circumferential strip of neoprene foam rubber is attached between the two modules.
- the upper module of the chamber is held in place with four centering pins, wherein a circumferential strip of neoprene sponge rubber provides an airtight connection of the two chamber modules.
- the plant material to be analyzed should be exposed to controlled environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure and air supply during the experiment.
- the air regulation chamber (2) which comprises a temperature control unit with ventilation device (7), an air humidification unit (8) and a gas absorption unit (9).
- the temperature control unit with ventilation device is at least one fan or fan, preferably two fans / fans.
- the circulating air flow depends on the volume of the marking chamber and should allow efficient mixing of the gases.
- the aim here is a rather weak ("gentle") air movement within the chamber at high air flow, which can be achieved preferably by a relative increase in the openings of the recirculation air duct and the use of multiple fans.
- the circulating air flow is about 1000 liters of air per minute.
- a Peltier element with cooling in a preferred embodiment with an aluminum fin heat sink with one or more fans.
- the Peltier element has a power consumption of 380 watts.
- the humidification unit (Fig. 4) preferably comprises a water vessel filled with water, in which a (piezoceramic) ultrasonic transducer is located.
- a (piezoceramic) ultrasonic transducer In order to use ultrasonic waves for humidification, electrical energy must be converted into mechanical energy. This is done in the piezoelectric transducer (also called transducer and oscillator).
- Piezoceramic ultrasonic transducers are known from the prior art (see eg: AIRWIN)
- a frequency of the ultrasonic transducer of 2 MHz, for example, is advantageous . Exit connected to the reactor chamber.
- the gas absorption unit preferably contains a material which can absorb carbon dioxide, more preferably a mixture of NaOH / KOH and CaOH (so-called soda lime).
- a material which can absorb carbon dioxide more preferably a mixture of NaOH / KOH and CaOH (so-called soda lime).
- soda lime a material which can absorb carbon dioxide
- Various formulations of such carbon dioxide absorbers are known in the art.
- an indicator is added to the absorber material (38), which visualizes the CO 2 saturation / the consumption state of the absorber material by means of a color change.
- the absorbent material is soda lime. In a preferred embodiment, about 15L absorber material (38) is used.
- the cleaned air is passed over a particulate matter filter (39) after passing through the absorber material.
- the pump which draws the air from the chamber via the suction opening and conducts it via the absorber material, has a power which can pass between 1000 and 3000, particularly preferably switchable, between 1800 and 2500 liters of air per minute.
- the pump is a centrifugal pump with switchable either 1800 or 2500 l / min air flow.
- the marking chamber according to the invention also has a device for measuring carbon dioxide.
- Various source receivers known from the prior art for example infrared sensors, photoacoustic sensors or mass spectrometers, are suitable for this purpose.
- the concentrations of 12 C and 13 C can be determined separately / separated from each other.
- the C0 2 measuring device is a mass spectrometer for analyzing a mass range of 1 to 100 amu (atomic mass units).
- the distributions of metabolic fluxes provide information on metabolic reactions and bottlenecks in plant metabolism and are used as starting points for rational metabolic engineering as well as for in-depth analysis of plant metabolism.
- the metabolism of a plant can also be analyzed under stress conditions, eg after treatment with a pesticide, after treatment with cold, dryness, salt, etc.
- the influence of a genetic change on the metabolism of plants can also be analyzed.
- the labeling experiments are preferably carried out under physiological or natural CO 2 concentrations. Associated with this is a required 13 C0 2 concentration of about 360 to 420, preferably about 380 to 400 ppm in the reactor. For this, the natural C0 2 in the chamber must be removed as completely as possible before the experiment.
- the plants are placed in the chamber and the door is closed, so that no air can be exchanged with the environment.
- crops such as, for example, maize, soya, rice, rapeseed, cotton, wheat. preferably, corn or rice.
- the plants to be labeled can be in different stages of development such as embryonic stage, vegetative stage or generative stage.
- the plants are in one of the following stages: germination / sprouting, leaf development, placement, shooting, ear or panicle swelling, ear or panicle pushing, flowering, fruit development, fruit or seed maturity, death or onset of dormancy.
- the plants to be marked are particularly preferably in one of the following stages: foliar development, placement, shoots, ear or sleeper swellings, ear or panicle push, flower, fruit development, fruit or seed ripeness.
- the plants to be labeled with the method according to the invention are transgenic plants.
- At least 16 rice seedlings aged 12 days after germination are simultaneously labeled by placing their culture vessels in the reactor chamber.
- the plants are labeled with 15 N by placing within the reactor chamber in a hydroponic culture vessel containing a 15 N labeled nutrient salt.
- the plants are simultaneously labeled with 13 C and 15 N, wherein the application of both marker pulses takes place simultaneously.
- the removal of C0 2 is carried out before the experiment via a C02 absorber, preferably with soda lime.
- the C0 2 absorber is placed outside and linked to the housing via the plastic lines.
- the air from the upper part of the chamber is sucked by means of a pump and at the same time, after absorption, the C0 2 -free air of the lower chamber, directly aligned with the fan supplied.
- the replacement takes less than 60 seconds, preferably less than 45 seconds, more preferably less than 30 seconds.
- the appropriate amount of 13 C0 2 gas is injected via a syringe. By positioning the injection valve directly above the outlet opening of the recirculating air channel, an optimal mixing takes place in the sense of a uniform distribution of the 13 C0 2 on the volume of the reactor chamber and thus a Setting the desired 13 C02 concentration.
- a regular sampling takes place.
- a sampling takes place every 2 to 20 seconds, preferably every 2 to 10 seconds, particularly preferably every 2 to 5 seconds for at least the first 60 seconds.
- further sampling takes place at intervals of, for example, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 seconds, with at least a period of 900 seconds from the first sampling is recorded by regular sampling.
- the first sample is taken simultaneously with the application of the 3 CO 2 . Further samples are taken respectively 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 420, 600, and 900 seconds after application of the 3 C0 2 .
- the sampling can also take place over a significantly longer period, for example of several hours, days or weeks.
- the inventive method is repeated with identical sampling intervals for each experiment more than once, more preferably twice, three times or more frequently.
- the remaining 13 C0 2 remaining in the chamber can be removed via the C0 2 absorber before the start of the next experiment.
- a plant is labeled in an isotopic labeling chamber according to the invention with one or more stable isotope labels.
- the distribution of the isotope label in the plant is analyzed at different times after the marker pulse in the freeze-dried and ground plant material.
- the sampling after the marking pulse is carried out from the isotope labeling chamber according to the invention by means of a lock, whereby a change in the atmosphere in the isotope marking chamber according to the invention during sampling is prevented.
- the label distribution in a sample is analyzed by mass spectrometry after chemical extraction of plant matter. From the label distribution, flows in the metabolism of whole plants can be calculated by means of mathematical modeling.
- EXAMPLE 2 Material and Methods
- hydroponic system tub with styrofoam plate
- the labeling experiment is performed to determine metabolic fluxes in whole plants.
- the distributions of metabolic fluxes provide information on metabolic reactions and bottlenecks in plant metabolism and are used as starting points for rational metabolic engineering as well as for in-depth analysis of plant metabolism.
- the metabolism of a plant can also be analyzed under stress conditions, eg after treatment with a pesticide, after treatment with cold, dryness, salt, etc.
- the influence of a genetic change on the metabolism of plants can also be analyzed.
- To study the flow in a plant it is labeled with a stable isotope.
- the isotope label is tracked in plant metabolism. Based on the label distribution, conclusions about the metabolism of the examined plant can be drawn. If a stress condition is to be analyzed, it can be applied at any time before or during the marking experiment.
- the translucent isotope labeling chamber is in a suitable area for plant growth, eg. a phytohunt, a greenhouse, under the open sky, etc. This ensures a sufficient supply of light through the transparent chamber wall.
- the isotope labeling chamber according to the invention is sealed airtight to the outside atmosphere. Humidity and temperature are adjusted according to the requirements of the investigated plant species (or experiment). Before carrying out the labeling experiment ambientes 12 C0 2 is removed by means of an absorber from the air in the chamber. Subsequently, the desired 13 C0 2 concentration (eg 400 ppm) is set in the chamber.
- the airflow in the chamber ensures a uniform distribution of 13 C0 2 in the chamber within a few seconds.
- the 13 C0 2 incubation period is referred to as marker pulse.
- marker pulses are performed between 2 seconds and 180 minutes, longer pulse experiments are also possible.
- samples are taken from the chamber, or entire plants are harvested from the chamber (with only minimal change in the atmosphere in the chamber).
- plants are grown in a hydroponic system.
- the hydroponic system contains a nutrient solution with nitrogen source (eg NH 4 NÜ3).
- the plants are turned on second hydroponic system in which the available nitrogen source (eg NH 4 N0 3 ) has been replaced by 5 N-containing compounds (eg 5 NH 4 5 N0 3 , 4 NH 4 5 N0 3 , 15 NH 4 14 N03).
- the plants are removed from the hydroponic system, rinsed with regular nutrient solution and transferred for further development into a regular hydroponic system containing nitrogen compounds in the form of 14 N nitrogen.
- plants are harvested immediately after the marker pulse.
- the application of a 15 N-labeling pulse can be carried out in combination with the 13 C02 labeling of the whole plant EXAMPLE 4: Plant Harvest
- Plants are harvested from the chamber during the labeling experiment.
- a variable lock was installed in the chamber.
- the lock consists of a frame with rubber bands that allow minimal intervention in the chamber from the outside (figs 2 (A) - (F)). If the lock is not to be used over a longer period of time, or if there is a need to close the chamber pressure-tight (eg for the removal of ambient 12 ⁇ 0 2 ), the lock can be closed with a transparent cover. This cover is placed with magnetic closures close to the lock. Plant material is harvested according to the experimental design and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen.
- the Stickstoffbeh older is located outside the chamber.
- the harvest can start just a few seconds after the start of the labeling experiment.
- a so-called rose cutter is used. This is a pair of scissors or pliers that cuts off the plant or plant parts and at the same time grips (or holds).
- When harvesting whole plants or different plant parts can be harvested and frozen separately (eg flag leaf, leaf, stem, spikeet, seed, root, seedling). All plants / plant parts are stored at -80 ° C after harvest.
- EXAMPLE 5 Sample Preparation
- Frozen plant material is comminuted by means of a vibratory mill.
- suitable for the plant material Mahlbecher and grinding balls (diameter 2-15 mm) are used.
- Root 2 ml Eppendorf vial, 2 steel balls,
- Leaf 20 ml scintillation vial in stainless steel beaker, 5 steel balls,
- Ears stainless steel tumbler, 1 steel ball,
- MRM transitions are recorded for all analytes respective peaks representing the individual isotopomers are determined by integration ( Figure 6).
- the peak areas of the isotopomers are plotted as a function of the sampling time. As a rule, a decrease or an increase of isotopomers is observed (transients) (Fig. 6).
- Whole rice plants were labeled with 13 C02 in a labeling chamber according to the invention.
- 16 rice seedlings as a whole were acclimatised in their planters in a greenhouse chamber for a period of 10 days in a normal atmosphere.
- the plants were placed in the labeling chamber. Subsequently, the atmosphere in the chamber was cleaned of ambientem 12 C0 2 by passing through the gas absorption unit for a period of 45 seconds at an air flow of 2500 l / min. As a result, the C0 2 content of the purified air was reduced to about 20 ppm. Subsequently, the 13 C0 2 content of the chamber atmosphere was adjusted to 400 ppm by immediately adding 300 ml of 13 C0 2 through the injection channel into the chamber.
- the rice seedlings were cut as a whole (without roots) as close as possible above the soil surface of the planter with a presentation scissors, removed through the sluice and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. This process could be carried out by using the inventive chamber within 1 to 2 seconds.
- the first sample was taken simultaneously with the application of 13 C02. Further samples were taken at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 300, 420, 600, and 900 seconds after application of 13 C02.
- Example 6 The resulting 16 samples were worked up as described in Example 5. The experiment was repeated a total of three times, so that for each of the 16 time points three samples were available for the measurement of 13 C02 incorporation into the various metabolites. As described in Example 6, it was possible to calculate transients for the following metabolites from the averaged measured values of the respective different isotopomers: 3-phosphoglycerate (see Fig. 6), citrate, malate, ribose 5-phosphate, ribulose 5-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate, isocitrate, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, succinate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate.
- 3-phosphoglycerate see Fig. 6
- citrate malate
- ribose 5-phosphate ribulose 5-phosphate
- fructose 6-phosphate fructose-1
- 6-bisphosphate isocitrate
- the exemplary transient curves of the different mass isotopomers of 3-phosphoglycerate illustrate the indispensability of rapid and frequent sampling within the first 120 seconds after the atmosphere has been converted to 13 C02 Marking chamber according to the invention and in particular the lock used for sampling was made possible:
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Priority Applications (4)
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AU2013349905A AU2013349905A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2013-11-07 | Method and device for marking isotopes |
EP13788750.1A EP2922947B1 (de) | 2012-11-21 | 2013-11-07 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur isotopenmarkierung |
US14/441,536 US9709570B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2013-11-07 | Method and device for marking isotopes |
CA2886211A CA2886211A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2013-11-07 | Method and device for marking isotopes |
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US201261728817P | 2012-11-21 | 2012-11-21 | |
EP12193566.2 | 2012-11-21 | ||
US61/728,817 | 2012-11-21 | ||
EP12193566 | 2012-11-21 |
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WO2014079696A1 true WO2014079696A1 (de) | 2014-05-30 |
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EP (1) | EP2922947B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2013349905A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2886211A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014079696A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104858000A (zh) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-08-26 | 田茹 | 一种生化培养箱 |
EP3048164A1 (de) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-07-27 | Shibuya Corporation | Inkubator |
EP3279666A1 (de) | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-07 | BASF Plant Science Company GmbH | Mittel und verfahren zur bestimmung von isotopmarkierten aminosäuren |
CN112730346A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | 一种多年生木本植物氮效率田间有效测定方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106680044A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-17 | 上海交通大学 | 一种用于水稻稳定同位素标记的甲烷采集装置及方法 |
CN108241045A (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-07-03 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 一种检测菌根在植物之间转移碳元素的设备及方法 |
CN108801735A (zh) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-13 | 深圳雨伦环境科技有限公司 | 一种植物叶片水同位素富集信号标记系统及标记方法 |
CN112166903A (zh) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-05 | 山东棉花研究中心 | 植物碳同位素标记装置及植物碳同位素标记方法 |
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- 2013-11-07 WO PCT/EP2013/073245 patent/WO2014079696A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-11-07 EP EP13788750.1A patent/EP2922947B1/de active Active
- 2013-11-07 CA CA2886211A patent/CA2886211A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-07 AU AU2013349905A patent/AU2013349905A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-11-07 US US14/441,536 patent/US9709570B2/en active Active
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3048164A1 (de) * | 2015-01-26 | 2016-07-27 | Shibuya Corporation | Inkubator |
US9803168B2 (en) | 2015-01-26 | 2017-10-31 | Shibuya Corporation | Incubator |
CN104858000A (zh) * | 2015-03-02 | 2015-08-26 | 田茹 | 一种生化培养箱 |
EP3279666A1 (de) | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-07 | BASF Plant Science Company GmbH | Mittel und verfahren zur bestimmung von isotopmarkierten aminosäuren |
CN112730346A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-30 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | 一种多年生木本植物氮效率田间有效测定方法 |
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US9709570B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
US20150309038A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
AU2013349905A1 (en) | 2015-04-02 |
CA2886211A1 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
EP2922947B1 (de) | 2017-01-11 |
EP2922947A1 (de) | 2015-09-30 |
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