WO2014079505A1 - Dispositif et procédé de séparation de nanoparticules magnétiques - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/28—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
- B03C1/288—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks disposed at the outer circumference of a recipient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
- B03C1/01—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by addition of magnetic adjuvants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/26—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in medical applications
Definitions
- the present invention can be included in the technical field of nanotechnology.
- the invention aims at providing an overall solution to cover both the necessary apparatus and method of use thereof to obtain nanopartides sorted and separated according to their magnetic size, namely magnetic moment.
- Nanopartides are microscopic particles with a dimension less than 100 nm and at present there is no evidence of the existence of any method or device to obtain nanopartides separated by their specific size and that size only, filling containers with nanopartides of a certain size only.
- Magnetic nanopartides are of great interest in many fields of physics and applications. At low temperatures showing quantum phenomena such as tunneling and magnetization at room temperature, its applications cover fields such as data storage, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic fluids, permanent magnets, biosensors, drug delivery, security, and the magnetocaloric effect biomedicine.
- the classification of bulk materials with respect to magnetic properties is usually based on their magnetic susceptibility ( ⁇ ), defined as the ratio between the induced magnetization (M) and the applied magnetic field (H).
- ⁇ magnetic susceptibility
- M induced magnetization
- H applied magnetic field
- ⁇ magnetic susceptibility
- M induced magnetization
- H applied magnetic field
- Paramagnetic materials possess permanent magnetic dipoles that align parallel to H and the susceptibility is positive.
- the temperature dependence of the paramagnetic susceptibility at low values of H follows the well known Curie-Weiss law. In the case of high values of H , the Curie- Weiss law is experimentally observed at high temperatures.
- ferro-, ferri- and antiferromagnetic materials collective magnetism is crucial due to the fact that permanent magnetic dipoles show exchange interactions. This leads to the definition of a critical temperature (Curie temperature for ferromagnetic materials and Neel temperature for antiferromagnets) below which a spontaneous magnetization is exhibited.
- the susceptibilities of these materials depend on their atomic structures, temperature, and the external field H. In bulk materials and large magnetic particles there is a multidomain structure, where regions of uniform magnetization are separated by domain walls. If the particle size is decreased, there is a critical volume below which it costs more energy to create a domain wall than to withstand the external magnetostatic energy (applied field) of the single-domain state.
- a characteristic property of a ferromagnetic particle is of nanometer size is not divided into magnetic domains, the particle is characterized by a single magnetic domain.
- Example of these are metal oxides particles and nanosized magnetic metals.
- the magnetic moment of single domain nanoparticles can switch between different orientations by thermal fluctuations. This effect is called superparamagnetism.
- the time between transitions superparamagnetic magnetic moment depends exponentially on the temperature and the particle diameter. When the particle is cooled, inversion of magnetic moment finally stops, the temperature at which this occurs is called blocking temperature.
- the single domain magnetic nanoparticles with superparamagnetic properties such as spinels of iron and cobalt (CoFe204), Fe304 magnetite, the magnemite (y-Fe203), barium ferrites (BaFe03) and iron alloys platinum (FePt) are of great interest in various fields of science to find application as a fundamental part of permanent magnets, quantum computers, laser emission systems in the microwave region, data storage devices, etc..
- the magnetic dipole interactions within the superparamagnetic nanopartide are weak which gives ownership to the nanopartide can be dispersed and stable in liquids, so that also the single domain magnetic nanoparticles are promising candidates existing within the area of the biomedicine and bioengineering as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging, biosensors, hyperthermia generators by applying alternating magnetic fields, etc. ... Moreover, the use of this type of magnetic nanoparticles can have an effect on phenomena transcendental guided and Targeting of drugs, both of promising future in cancer therapy, Alzheimer, etc. Hence the interest in these nanoparticles has increased dramatically in recent years.
- this type of magnetic nanoparticles can be produced with a uniform size ranging from a few nanometers to tens, confers a comparable dimension to a biological entity such as a virus (20-450 nm), protein (5-50 nm) or a gene (2 nm wide and 10-100 nm long).
- a biological entity such as a virus (20-450 nm), protein (5-50 nm) or a gene (2 nm wide and 10-100 nm long).
- the opposite is the guiding and focusing magnetic particles comprising a drug, the larger the better the response to external fields.
- the total energy of a single domain particle depends on the exchange interaction, type of crystal field anisotropy, dipolar forces and the shape of the particle.
- single domain particles are very complex objects because, for example, the exchange interactions at the surface are different from the exchange in the bulk and in addition the magnetic anisotropy at the surface differs from the anisotropy in the bulk as a consequence of the different symmetry in the local arrangement of atoms.
- the energy of the exchange interaction per atom greatly exceeds the energy of the magnetic anisotropy per atom. Consequently an accepted way to simplify the problem is to assume that the effective exchange interaction at all atomic sites is sufficiently large to make the particle uniformly magnetized.
- the correlation length of the spin fluctuations may have a strong effect on the variation of the order parameter M on T below Tc, as well as in the shift of Tc.
- these fluctuations determining the shift in the ordering temperature are determined by Monte Carlo simulation.
- Magnetic single-domain nanoparticles possess another important property, the anisotropy energy, which refers to the preference of the magnetization to lie along particular directions (with respect to the crystallographic directions) within the nanoparticles. These directions minimize the magnetic energy and are called anisotropy directions or easy axes.
- the magnetic energy of a nanoparticle increases with the tilt angle between the magnetization vector and the easy directions.
- Said Stern-Gerlach experiment shows how it is possible to send a beam of silver atoms through an inhomogeneous magnetic field wherein said magnetic field intensity increases in the direction perpendicular to the beam is sent and separate them depending on their value of their magnetic moment.
- Particles of different size would also have very different response to the magnetic field and very different Brownian motion, the latter being crucial for biomedical applications and biosensor applications.
- chemical methods have been developed that permit narrowing the size distribution.
- Monodispersity within 10% has been reported by some researchers [D.R. Shivang and G. Xiaohu, Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles for biodetection, imaging, and drug delivery: a versatile and evolving technology, Nanobiotechnology 1 , 583-609 (2009)]. Even in this case, however, the volume distribution would be as large as 30%, still resulting in exponentially different dynamics and properties.
- the particles are chemically coated (or functionalized), which is often the case for biomedical applications, they do not exhibit direct correlation between the volume and the magnetic moment. This inhibits applications that are based on the response to the magnetic field, what often makes the method useless.
- Modern methods used to obtain monodisperse arrays of nanoparticles employ chemical processes that control the size of the particles but not their magnetic moments. The aim, therefore, is to obtain magnetic nanoparticles with extremely narrow size distributions (AR/R ⁇ 5%, R being the radius of the nanoparticle) and controlled magnetic moment.
- AR/R ⁇ 5% the radius of the nanoparticle
- State-of-the-art methods for nanoparticle manufacturing only uses bottom-up approaches to get the desired materials. Chemical methods are the most size- and shape-sensitive, but, on the contrary, they have the lowest efficiency.
- Pyrolisis based methods either laser or flame assisted in its multiple variants allow for higher throughput, but lower control on size and aggregation, being the laser methods more precise, but less productive.
- the present invention overcomes the drawbacks posed above, by combining the use of a wide dispersed and cheap raw material, and the use of the machine to post-process it and get finely classified magnetic nanoparticles with a diameter dispersion lower than 5%.
- Both the system and method of the invention are based on the fact of blocking the movement of the magnetic moment of nanoparticles MNP's flying through a chamber by both magnetic and temperature means, using the values of blocking temperatures and permanent and variable gradient magnetic fields.
- the Stern-Gerlach set-up may also allow to test the prediction of quantum mechanics that the ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ components of the magnetic moment could not be measured simultaneously. More recently the Stern-Gerlach set-up was applied to the size separation of atomic clusters of magnetic materials. In Stern-Gerlach experiments with atomic clusters the final separation of the clusters was done with the help of a mass spectrometer. This step will not be needed in the described apparatus as it will deal with the separation of NPs having hundreds of thousands of atoms as compared to a few dozen or a few hundred atoms in the experiments with atomic clusters.
- the machine will be fed with a large sample of NPs synthesized by mostly chemical methods in comparison with samples having much smaller numbers of atomic clusters prepared by laser vaporization. This will result in much larger flow of NPs and will make temperature control less challenging than in experiments with atomic clusters.
- the collection and manipulation of the nanoparticles has never been addressed before as, typically, the few hundred atoms thrown impact on a screen and are lost. Therefore, novel collection methods are to be introduced in the machine.
- the deflection of a magnetic particle in a Stern-Gerlach setup is proportional to the ratio of its magnetic moment and its mass or, which is almost the same, to the ratio of the magnetic moment and the volume of the particle.
- these two quantities are roughly proportional to each other.
- the difference in the deflection of blocked nanoparticles could only result from a small deviation from this proportionality.
- the particles that flip their moment many times will be only weakly deflected compared to the deflection of blocked particles.
- the effective magnetic moment of the superparamagnetic particle during its flight through the field gradient strongly depends on the size of the particle, magnetic field, and temperature.
- the proposed method of separation of nanoparticles on size, shape, and magnetic moments is based upon this effect.
- Nanometric particles of magnetic metals and oxides are SDP; they are small magnets with certain location of the north and south magnetic poles.
- the thermal energy is larger than the barrier height, the magnetic moment oscillates rapidly between the two orientations, which corresponds to the superparamagnetic behaviour.
- T decreases or U increases, the magnetic moment becomes frozen in a particular direction. This means that we can keep the temperature constant and change the volume of the particle to shift the value of the frequency for overbarrier transitions from 1 Hz, corresponding to large particles, to 1 GHz, corresponding to very small particles.
- the blocking temperature, TB is usually defined as the temperature at which the inverse of the overbarrier frequency equals the experimental resolution time, t. Taking into account the exponential dependence of the overbarrier frequency on the ratio between the volume of the particles and the temperature, it is verified that TB oc K V.
- a magnetic dipole is properly modeled as a current loop having a current I and an area a.
- angular momentum and magnetic moment which is the basis of the Einstein-de Haas effect "rotation by magnetization” and its inverse, the Barnett effect or "magnetization by rotation”. Rotating the loop faster (in the same direction) increases the current and therefore the magnetic moment, for example.lt is sometimes useful to model the magnetic dipole similar to the electric dipole with two equal but opposite magnetic charges (one south the other north) separated by distance d.
- this simplification is very useful in many calculations of the demagnetizing factor of permanent magnets.
- This variable, the magnetic moment, is used by the invention as the dimension as"magnetic size” being this dimension the variable setting the sizes for separation; hence the magnetic nanoparticles are separated by their magnetic moment; namely magnetic size.
- Said size distributed magnetic nanoparticles are suitable for different applications, Depending on the size and subsequent change in magnetic properties, the magnetic nanoparticles are used in different applications as described below. Since the relaxation time of magnetic nanoparticles can be modified by changing the size of the nanoparticles or using different kinds of materials, magnetic nanoparticles have been and will be very useful in many applications, from biomedical to data-storage systems. Size selection and classification is, therefore, a huge leap forward into the improvement of research activities and accuracy and performance of their applications.
- SPM NPs sortened by size are ideal platforms for drug delivery. On targeted delivery, SPM NPs have distinct advantages over the other polymer based delivery systems:
- the pathway of the drug can be readily tracked in the biological systems through SPM NPs by MRI.
- the drug-NPs can be guided or held in place by an external magnetic field.
- the SPM NPs act as a heater and can trigger controlled drug release. It's crucial to precisely control the size in order to guide and activate the NP's with the less amount of external energy possible. On the other hand, it is important to control the size to allow the NP's to go through the reticuloendothelial system (RES).
- RES reticuloendothelial system
- Each NP size can be functionalized with a certain drug. Applying different alternating magnetic frequencies to the size-segregated MNP's, each frequency will trigger the delivery of the drug attached to the specific NP size. With this method, one could selectively choose the time and length of the drug delivery treatment, either by manually turning on the magnetic system, or connecting it to external controller devices such as a mobile phone with an application that could be supervised either by the doctor or the patient.
- Each NP size can be functionalized with different drugs. Therefore, by the application of different alternating magnetic field frequencies, a certain mix of drugs can be delivered selectively, in a timely manner, selectable by the doctor.
- Magnetic separation It is possible to separate a specific substance from a mixture of substances, from proteins, to viruses and DNA.
- the separation time is one of the important parameters in the magnetic separation method. In order to optimize this parameter, it is very important to know the magnetic properties of the magnetic-particle system as well as of the magnets that are being used in the separation system. A size-selected material, will be, then, much more efficient than the current methods.
- Magnetic nanoparticles with long relaxation times (thermally blocked nanoparticles) with stable remanent magnetization can be used as information carriers in magnetic identification and data-storage systems where it is crucial to have small regions of magnetic material.
- the two directions of the magnetic moments (the remament magnetization) of the magnetic nanoparticles gives the zeros (0) and ones (1 ) that make it possible to store information on a hard disk in a computer or in other types of media.
- the directions of the magnetic moment of the nanoparticles must be stable with time, otherwise information would be lost.
- Research into using magnetic nanoparticles for information storage is evolving rapidly. A narrow sized material, will here improve the amount of information per surface, as you can be very specific in the type of particle to use, reducing noise to signal ratio.
- the magnetic nanoparticles in biosensor applications can be used to study how the Brownian relaxation (random particle rotation) time changes when biomolecules are bound to the surface of the particles. This goal can be achieved using magnetic-induction techniques to study the changes in Brownian relaxation.
- the orientation of the magnetic moment of the particle must change at the same rate as the rotation time of the particle itself.
- the orientation of the magnetic moments in the single domains must then be constant, which means that the total magnetic particle, which can contain several single domains locked in a solid matrix, must contain thermally-blocked single domains. This puts a lower limit to the sizes of the nanoparticles. For single domains of maghemite, this size lies at a domain diameter of approximately 15 nm at room temperature. Therefore, selecting the material by size is critical.
- biosensor systems that use the magnetic detection of magnetic particles. These biosensor systems use SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) or sensitive GMR (Giant Magnetic Sensors) to detect the presence of magnetic particles.
- SQUIDs Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices
- GMR Giant Magnetic Sensors
- the sizes of the single domains are dependent on the technique used, and it is possible to find both superparamagnetic as well as thermally blocked particles in these applications. Using exact size of particles means that the detection precision will be very high as the aim is clearly delimited.
- Another advantage of the use of size separated magnetic nanopartides is the possibility to use each size of separation to detect, in parallel, different antigens or substances in the same analysis. As the AC magnetic susceptibility changes radically with the size, each nanoparticle size could be bound to a specific antigen, so that in the same analysis a multiple set of antibodies could be detected just by the measurement of the frequency change of the imaginary part of the AC susceptibility.
- the magnetic nanopartides If an AC magnetic field with a specific frequency and amplitude is applied, it is possible for the magnetic nanopartides to absorb energy, which increases the local temperature around the nanoparticle system. This is used in in-vivo applications in medicine to destroy tumor cells. In such cases, magnetic nanopartides made of materials with Curie temperatures around 42 °C (the temperature at which the tumor cells are destroyed) are preferred. Overheating problems can be avoided with these materials. The nanoparticle system then works as a thermostat. Under a fast switching magnetic field, a group of superparamagnetic NPs can become ferromagnetic with their magnetization direction switching quickly along the field directions.
- the heating power of these NPs is directly related to A » f, where A is the ferromagnetic hysteresis area and f is the frequency of the alternating magnetic field. Used for cancer therapy, this magnetic heating technique has long been known as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). To maximize the NP heating power, the hysteresis area A must be as large as possible.
- MRI Magnetic resonance Imaging
- the subsequent process through which the pulsing field is turned off to allow protons to return to their original state, is referred to as relaxation.
- Two independent relaxation processes longitudinal relaxation (T1 -recovery) and transverse relaxation (T2- decay), are used to generate a bright and a dark MR image respectively.
- the longitudinal relaxation is primarily a measure of the dipolar coupling of the proton moments to their surroundings whereas transverse relaxation is driven by the loss of phase coherence in the precessing protons due to their magnetic interaction with each other and with other fluctuating moments in the tissue.
- SPM NPs Upon accumulation in tissues, SPM NPs are magnetically saturated in the normal range of magnetic field strengths in MRI scanner and establish a substantial locally perturbing dipolar field, which leads to a marked shortening of T2 * along with a less marked reduction of T1.
- SPM NPs are a good candidate for T2 contrast agent to provide a dark image and the contrast enhancement is proportional to the magnetization magnitude.
- size distribution is in order to supply the proper material for each application.
- the availability of size-classified MNPs allows the manufacturing of rare earth (or conventional) permanent magnets (of extensive application in many devices) of very high performance and low weight, due to the use of single domain nanoparticles, of exact size for the application. On the one hand, this helps to reach maximum remanence and coercivity values, and on the other hand, because of the use of the exact size material, will reduce the weight of the magnet, by using only active material and rare earth consumption.
- the use of monodispersed MIOP's offers a powerful tool for the removal as one can be very specific in the process, because the size controlled particles can be easily moved with the optimal magnetic field, and their presence can be monitored and tracked in a simply manner, as their relaxation frequency will be fixed on a certain value thanks to the single magnetic moment value.
- Both the method and the device hereby described may be used for sorting and separating MNP ' s as platforms for drug delivery.
- SPM MNP ' s have distinct advantages over the other polymer based delivery systems: the pathway of the drug can be readily tracked in the biological systems through SPM NPs by MRI; the drug-NPs can be guided or held in place by an external magnetic field; and under an alternate magnetic field, the MNP ' s act as a heater and can trigger controlled drug release.
- Such applications require a precise control of the size in order to guide and activate the MNP ' s with the less amount of external energy possible.
- RES reticuloendothelial system
- each MNP size can be functionalized with a certain drug. Applying different alternating magnetic frequencies to the size-segregated MNP's, each frequency will trigger the delivery of the drug attached to the specific NP size.
- this method one could selectively choose the time and length of the drug delivery treatment, either by manually turning on the magnetic system, or connecting it to external controller devices such as a mobile phone with an application that could be supervised either by the doctor or the patient.
- Each MNP size can be functionalized with different drugs. Therefore, by the application of different alternating magnetic field frequencies, a certain mix of drugs can be delivered selectively, in a timely manner; being said drugs, and timeframe, trigger and release selectable by the doctor.
- Magnetic separation It is possible to separate a specific substance from a mixture of substances, from proteins, to viruses and DNA.
- the separation time is one of the important parameters in the magnetic separation method. In order to optimize this parameter, it is very important to know the magnetic properties of the magnetic-particle system as well as of the magnets that are being used in the separation system. A size- selected material, will then, is much more efficient than the current methods.
- Figure 1. Depicts and illustration showing the device of the invention.
- Figure 2. Shows a detailed view of the device of the invention.
- One of the aspects of this is invention is related to a device (1 ) for separating magnetic nanoparticles [MNP's] by magnetic size being the magnetic size a magnetic moment and collected in collecting means comprising compartments for allocating MNP's, being each compartment associated with at least one MNP's collection container, which is arranged in parallel and respectively presenting a series of caps with an arrangement of a labyrinth structure defined by each of them to prevent the MNP's from coming out of the compartment once they have entered the same.
- the collecting means comprise at least one tray with a liquid like distilled water or a volatile liquid like alcohol, or a mix of both, once the MNP's are collected we need a postprocessing device to evaporate the liquid where the MNP's are, then once the liquid is removed by evaporation the MNP's are available for their use.
- Said device depicted in figure 1 , comprises at least one gun (2) with a series of concentric tubes made of non magnetic material like aluminum, stainless steel, epoxy resin or PTFE type. Said gun (2)is intended for firing the MNP's into a chamber (3) where said MNP's will be separated by their magnetic moment.
- the MNP's with a certain size distribution are housed in a cartridge (4) which is associated or connected with the gun (2), in said cartridge (4) the MNP ' s are stirred by means of means for generating ultrasound waves arranged so that ultrasound waves affect at least part of the flow of MNP's comprised in the cartridge (4) stirring said MNP's by means of the incidence of the ultrasound waves avoiding agglomeration of MNP's.
- a control unit used to set the temperature as well and associated with each element of the device (1 ) to send operational commands and actuate each element to perform the separation, triggers gas injection means to inject gas at a certain pressure Pi generating a shot of MNP's through the gun (2) thus generating the flow of MNP's by the insertion of pressurized gas, said gas and the rest of the flows running the device (1 ) are controlled by means of a series of valves distributed along a flow passage areas of MNP's, valves designed to control and manage the flow working in the discharge of the MNP load from the cartridge (4) in continuous flow, in order to avoid MNP collisions.
- the gun (2) is operative to fire the MNP's generating a flow of nanoparticles comprising at least one MNP at certain speed through a conduit that leads to a chamber (3), said chamber (3) has a trumpet-shaped proximal end diameter of the duct coinciding with that part which flared distal end and a larger diameter than that of the proximal end, when the MNP's are passing through the conduit they are under the influence of a permanent magnetic field generated by means of first means for generating magnetic fields (5), being the MNP's affected by said permanent magnetic field before entering the chamber (3) the MNP's getting polarized in their easy axis.
- the MNP's are inside the chamber (3) they are affected by a variable gradient magnetic field generated by second means for generating magnetic fields (6) for generating a variable magnetic field in the chamber (3) producing a force proportional to the magnetic moment of each MNP, the field strength and the field gradient.
- the temperature inside the chamber (3) is varied so some of the MNP's will be blocked and act as superparamagnetic, while some other will be unblocked and their trajectories won't be affected by the variable magnetic field, as their magnetic moments will be freely rotating between their easy axis, and the net force will be cero acting this step as a separation inducer to fine tune the classification process per each size, then we only have to collect the MNP's coming out from the variable magnetic field magnet distributed by its magnetic size (magnetic moment associated to some properties of the MNP material, size, geometry, etc) in the compartments of the collecting means where the MNP's may be cooled down by cooling means furnished with cryogenic elements adapted to provide a temperature (being said temperature of around 2K) to either the cooling vessels housing the MNP's collected before they are launched again by the gun (2), or to the cartridge (4) but always before they are launched by the gun (2),. Said cooling
- the device (1 ) may comprise a vacuum system connected at least to the chamber (3) and in order to generate a vacuum therein to carry out the separation in vacuum conditions if needed.
- the method may be repeated using the collected MNP's as a source since the collector container fits the gun (2) and is used as the cartridge (4) using the MNP's comprised with a size distribution therein as a source for the flow of MNP's. Then we need to set setting a new working temperature, in order to discriminate certain sizes by their blocking temperature and repeat the procedure described above with this new temperature and the MNP's coming from a previous separation, this is intended to refine the process.
- SPM Superparamagnetic
- NPs Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
- these NPs At a core diameter at less than 20 nm and overall hydrodynamic diameter at less than 50 nm, these NPs have the size that is comparable to the nuclear pore size ( ⁇ 50 nm) and is much smaller than a cell (normally 10-30 mm). So the device (1 ) and the method hereby described may be useful to provide this application with MNP's of the size required.
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne à la fois un dispositif et un procédé de séparation de nanoparticules magnétiques (MNP) : tous deux utilisent différents moyens permettant le contrôle du vol et du déplacement des MNP volant dans un flux à l'intérieur d'une chambre. Ledit contrôle détermine la chute et la collecte à partir de la chambre de certaines tailles de MNP, la taille étant déterminée par les variables manipulées afin de contrôler leur mouvement durant leur vol.
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US9999380B1 (en) | 2014-09-22 | 2018-06-19 | Verily Life Sciences Llc | Segmented magnets |
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