WO2014077858A2 - Reciprocating compressor with heat exchanger having thermal storage media - Google Patents

Reciprocating compressor with heat exchanger having thermal storage media Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014077858A2
WO2014077858A2 PCT/US2012/067991 US2012067991W WO2014077858A2 WO 2014077858 A2 WO2014077858 A2 WO 2014077858A2 US 2012067991 W US2012067991 W US 2012067991W WO 2014077858 A2 WO2014077858 A2 WO 2014077858A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
pressure
compressor
high pressure
reciprocating compressor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2012/067991
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2014077858A3 (en
Inventor
Denis Ding
Mitchell Pratt
Original Assignee
Clean Energy Fuels Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US13/679,808 external-priority patent/US8875750B2/en
Application filed by Clean Energy Fuels Corp. filed Critical Clean Energy Fuels Corp.
Publication of WO2014077858A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014077858A2/en
Publication of WO2014077858A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014077858A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0338—Pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F17C2227/0164—Compressors with specified compressor type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to compressors for compressed natural gas (CNG) stations for refueling motor vehicles, and more particularly to a reciprocating compressor including a heat exchanger having thermal storage media.
  • CNG compressed natural gas
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station for refueling motor vehicles, wherein the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility.
  • the CNG station By supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down (de-pressurizing) gas from a high- pressure storage vessel, the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
  • Various embodiments of the invention involve a system and method for accepting pressure let down (de-pressurizing) gas from the high-pressure storage vessels, thereby increasing the inlet gas pressure to the reciprocating compressor and providing higher and adjustable flow capacity for the CNG refueling station.
  • Some embodiments of the invention feature a heat exchanging mechanism (e.g., a heat exchanger) having a thermal storage media (e.g., water or glycol solution). During use of the heat exchanger, heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state. This low temperature storage media can then be employed for active temperature conditions.
  • a heat exchanging mechanism e.g., a heat exchanger
  • a thermal storage media e.g., water or glycol solution
  • active temperature conditioning is achieved by detecting the temperature of the CNG (e.g., using temperature sensors such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)) and using the low temperature media to lower the temperature of the CNG before being dispensed into motor vehicles.
  • temperature sensors such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)
  • RTDs resistance temperature detectors
  • Some embodiments of the invention are directed to a natural gas compression system that has the ability to take the inlet gas pressure from a local gas utility feed gas to a higher gas pressure by way of pressure let down (depressurized) gas from a high pressure storage vessels, thus providing an increased and adjustable gas flow capacity to meet different load requirement and optimize energy utilization.
  • the pressure let down from the high pressure storage vessels provides a higher inlet gas pressure to the compressor and the ability to control and increase the gas flow capacity.
  • the pressure let down section may include, but is not limited to: shutoff valves (automatic and/or manual), multi-stage depressurization regulators, pressure transducers, and gauges to monitor its operation.
  • the high pressure compressor may comprise a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors.
  • the compressor may comprise a positive-displacement compressor that may or may not include a single- screw booster in front of the compressor.
  • the drive shaft imparts rotary motion to the main screw, which drives the intermeshed gaterotors, whereby compression of the gas is achieved by engaging the two gaterotors with helical grooves in the main screw. Gas compression occurs when the individual fingers of each gaterotor sweep through the grooves of the main screw as the screw rotates.
  • Other types of high pressure compressors may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • One embodiment of the invention features a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station for refueling motor vehicles, the reciprocating compressor comprising: (i) a gas inlet section including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel; (ii) a compressor section; (iii) a valve control panel and storage section; (iv) a pressure let down section that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section; and (v) a dispensing section, wherein the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility, and wherein the gas inlet section is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility.
  • the compressor section may comprise a single high pressure reciprocating compressor such as a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors.
  • the compressor section may comprise a combination of multiple reciprocating compressors configured in parallel.
  • the valve control panel and storage section may comprise a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas from the compressor to either local storage vessels or to the dispensing section. Valve panel design may vary based on the station application.
  • valve control panel and storage section comprises automatic and manual valves, pressure transducers and gauges to direct the gas from the compressors to either storage vessels or dispensers/vehicles.
  • the dispensing section may comprise one or more dispensers such as fast fill dispensers or time fill dispensers.
  • the pressure let down section of the reciprocating compressor is capable of drawing the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section.
  • the pressure let down section allows the
  • the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non-peak hours.
  • the ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station.
  • the system passes the de-pressurized gas through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media.
  • heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state.
  • the thermal storage media in a lower temperature state may then use electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition (i.e., lower) the temperature of the dispensing CNG prior to dispensing the fuel.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is directed toward a method for refueling motor vehicles using a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station, comprising: metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, depressurizing high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to an inlet of a compressor section, passing the de -pressurized gas through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media for retaining the lowered temperature of the gas inside the media, using electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all of the dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition the temperature of the CNG, and dispensing the gas.
  • the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility, and a gas inlet section for metering inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility.
  • depressurizing high pressure gas may comprise supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to depressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, whereby the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
  • This step may be performed by a pressure let down section that draws the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section.
  • the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to operate at a high flow capacity during peak hours, wherein the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non-peak hours.
  • the ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reciprocating compressor system having an inlet booster design, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reciprocating compressor system having an inlet booster design and a heat exchanger having thermal storage media, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method for refueling motor vehicles using a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station for refueling motor vehicles, wherein the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from the local gas utility.
  • the CNG station By supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to de -pressurize the gas from a high-pressure storage vessel, the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
  • a reciprocating compressor 10 with pressure let down design comprises a gas inlet section 20 including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, a compressor section 30, a valve control panel and storage section 40, a pressure let down section 50 that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 30, and a dispensing section 60.
  • the gas inlet section 20 is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility.
  • the gas inlet section 20 may be provided by other means without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the compressor section 30 comprises a single high pressure reciprocating compressor.
  • the high pressure compressor may comprise a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors.
  • the compressor may comprise a positive-displacement compressor that may or may not include a single-screw booster in front of the compressor.
  • the drive shaft imparts rotary motion to the main screw, which drives the intermeshed gaterotors, whereby compression of the gas is achieved by engaging the two gaterotors with helical grooves in the main screw.
  • Gas compression occurs when the individual fingers of each gaterotor sweep through the grooves of the main screw as the screw rotates.
  • Other types of high pressure compressors may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the compressor section 30 may comprise a combination of multiple reciprocating compressors configured in parallel.
  • valve control panel and storage section 40 may comprise a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas from the compressor to either local storage vessels or to the dispensing component(s) of the dispensing section 60.
  • Valve panel design may vary based on the station application.
  • the valve control panel and storage section 40 comprises automatic and manual valves, pressure transducers and gauges to direct the gas from the compressors to either storage vessels or dispensers/vehicles.
  • the pressure let down section 50 depressurizes the high pressure inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 30.
  • the pressure let down section 50 may include, but is not limited to: shutoff valves (automatic and/or manual), multi-stage depressurization regulators, pressure transducers, and gauges to monitor its operation.
  • the pressure let down section 50 depressurizes high pressure inlet gas from a combination of multiple high pressure storage vessels.
  • the dispensing section 60 may comprise one or more dispensers such as fast fill dispensers or time fill dispensers.
  • the embodiments of the present invention feature a pressure let down section 50 that that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the reciprocating compressor 10.
  • the pressure let down section 50 of the reciprocating compressor 10 provides the ability to increase gas flow capacity by allowing higher pressure gas into the inlet of the reciprocating compressor 10 and the ability to control the gas flow of the reciprocating compressor 10. Additionally, the use of the pressure let down section 50 increases utilization of the high pressure storage vessel. In conventional CNG station designs, the high pressure storage vessels are typically filled to a pressure of approximately 3600 psig to 4500 psig, and are then drawn down to fill the vehicles to a pressure of approximately 2000 psig to 3000 psig.
  • the reciprocating compressor 10 of the invention is capable of drawing the gas from the high pressure vessel (i.e., from approximately 3600 psig to 4500 psig) down to approximately 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section 30.
  • Embodiments of the reciprocating compressor 10 of the invention can provide high flow capacity during the time of the day when there is a high level of filling demands (i.e., during peak hours).
  • the reciprocating compressor 10 may be configured to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessel(s) at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level.
  • This ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station.
  • the gas supply and demand levels may be balanced against the different demand and energy costs of the local gas utility during different times of day, thereby reducing overall operating costs.
  • the reciprocating compressor 10 also provides flexibility in CNG station operation, for example when the local gas utility changes the inlet gas pressure due to maintenance or other reasons.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a reciprocating compressor 200 comprising the
  • the reciprocating compressor comprises a gas inlet section 220 including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, a compressor section 230, a valve control panel and storage section 240, a pressure let down section 250 that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 230, a heat exchanger section 255, and dispensing section 260.
  • a gas inlet section 220 including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, a compressor section 230, a valve control panel and storage section 240, a pressure let down section 250 that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 230, a heat exchanger section 255, and dispensing section 260.
  • the compressor section 230 may comprise a single high pressure reciprocating compressor such as a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors.
  • the compressor may comprise a positive-displacement compressor that may or may not include a single-screw booster in front of the compressor.
  • the drive shaft imparts rotary motion to the main screw, which drives the intermeshed gaterotors, whereby compression of the gas is achieved by engaging the two gaterotors with helical grooves in the main screw.
  • the valve control panel and storage section 240 may comprise a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas from the compressor to the heat exchanger section 255, to local storage vessels or to the dispensing component(s) of the dispensing section 260.
  • valve panel design may vary based on the station application.
  • the valve control panel and storage section 240 comprises automatic and manual valves, pressure transducers and gauges to direct the gas from the compressors to the heat exchanger, to storage vessels, or to dispensers/vehicles.
  • the pressure let down section 250 depressurizes the high pressure inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 230.
  • the pressure let down section 250 may include, but is not limited to: shutoff valves (automatic and/or manual), multi-stage depressurization regulators, pressure transducers, and gauges to monitor its operation. In some embodiments, the pressure let down section 250 depressurizes high pressure inlet gas from a combination of multiple high pressure storage vessels.
  • the heat exchanger section 255 can comprise any type of heat exchanging mechanism.
  • the heat exchanger section 255 comprises a heat exchanger having thermal storage media.
  • the thermal storage media can comprise a water or glycol solution whose temperature is lowered by the heat exchanger.
  • heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state. This low temperature storage media can then be employed for active temperature conditions.
  • electronic temperature conditioning can then be achieved by: (i) detecting the temperature of the CNG using temperature sensors such as thermocouples or RTDs and controlling the flow through actuated valves, such as proportional valves, and (ii) using the low temperature thermal storage media in the heat exchanger to lower the temperature of the dispensing CNG before being dispensed into a motor vehicle.
  • the dispensing section 260 may comprise one or more dispensers such as fast fill dispensers or time fill dispensers.
  • the method 300 comprises metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel (operation 310).
  • Operation 320 entails depressurizing high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to an inlet of a compressor, while operation 320 comprises directing the flow of gas from the compressor to either local storage vessels or to a dispensing section for dispensing the gas.
  • the de-pressurized gas is passed through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media, whereby heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state.
  • Operation 360 involves dispensing the gas. Some embodiments may also entail using electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all of the dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition the temperature of the CNG (operation 350).
  • the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility, and a gas inlet section for metering inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility.
  • depressurizing high pressure gas may comprise supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to depressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, whereby the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
  • This step may be performed by a pressure let down section that draws the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section.
  • the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to operate at a high flow capacity during peak hours, wherein the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non- peak hours.
  • the ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station.
  • a group of items linked with the conjunction "and” should not be read as requiring that each and every one of those items be present in the grouping, but rather should be read as “and/or” unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • a group of items linked with the conjunction "or” should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among that group, but rather should also be read as “and/or” unless expressly stated otherwise.
  • items, elements or components of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated to be within the scope thereof unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.
  • module does not imply that the components or functionality described or claimed as part of the module are all configured in a common package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of a module, whether control logic or other components, may be combined in a single package or separately maintained and may further be distributed across multiple locations.

Abstract

A reciprocating compressor comprises a gas inlet section including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, a compressor, a valve control panel and storage, a pressure let down that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section, a heat exchanger having thermal storage media, and a dispenser.

Description

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR WITH HEAT EXCHANGER HAVING
THERMAL STORAGE MEDIA
References to Related Applications
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application Serial
Number 13/151,072 filed June 1, 2011, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application No. 61/353,625, filed June 10, 2010, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to compressors for compressed natural gas (CNG) stations for refueling motor vehicles, and more particularly to a reciprocating compressor including a heat exchanger having thermal storage media.
Background of the Invention
[0003] Most conventional CNG stations are custom designed for specific site conditions, and must operate within predetermined inlet gas pressure and flow ranges. These stations usually take a long time to build, and since they are designed to meet specific site conditions, the flow capacity is limited by the inlet gas pressure available by the local gas utility. According to other known CNG designs, the site conditions are modified to meet the equipment design specifications by utilizing an inlet gas regulator. Due to compressor design limitations, these stations often have to sacrifice gas pressure by going through the inlet regulator. After the gas is de-pressurized by the inlet regulator, it is then re-pressurized in the compressor. This design is very energy inefficient since the gas pressure is lowered before recompression in the compressor. Both custom-designed and site-modified systems are generally fixed speed and do not permit flow capacity control.
Summary of the Invention
[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station for refueling motor vehicles, wherein the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility. By supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down (de-pressurizing) gas from a high- pressure storage vessel, the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity. Various embodiments of the invention involve a system and method for accepting pressure let down (de-pressurizing) gas from the high-pressure storage vessels, thereby increasing the inlet gas pressure to the reciprocating compressor and providing higher and adjustable flow capacity for the CNG refueling station.
[0005] When CNG from a high-pressure storage vessel (or from a compressor high- pressure discharge line) is de-pressurized, the temperature of the de -pressurized gas is significantly reduced due to the Joule-Thomson effect of natural gas. Some embodiments of the invention feature a heat exchanging mechanism (e.g., a heat exchanger) having a thermal storage media (e.g., water or glycol solution). During use of the heat exchanger, heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state. This low temperature storage media can then be employed for active temperature conditions. In particular, active temperature conditioning is achieved by detecting the temperature of the CNG (e.g., using temperature sensors such as thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)) and using the low temperature media to lower the temperature of the CNG before being dispensed into motor vehicles. This provides an improved temperature compensated fill.
[0006] Some embodiments of the invention are directed to a natural gas compression system that has the ability to take the inlet gas pressure from a local gas utility feed gas to a higher gas pressure by way of pressure let down (depressurized) gas from a high pressure storage vessels, thus providing an increased and adjustable gas flow capacity to meet different load requirement and optimize energy utilization. In other words, the pressure let down from the high pressure storage vessels provides a higher inlet gas pressure to the compressor and the ability to control and increase the gas flow capacity. In various embodiments, the pressure let down section may include, but is not limited to: shutoff valves (automatic and/or manual), multi-stage depressurization regulators, pressure transducers, and gauges to monitor its operation.
[0007] By way of example, the high pressure compressor may comprise a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors. For some CNG applications, the compressor may comprise a positive-displacement compressor that may or may not include a single- screw booster in front of the compressor. In such compressors, the drive shaft imparts rotary motion to the main screw, which drives the intermeshed gaterotors, whereby compression of the gas is achieved by engaging the two gaterotors with helical grooves in the main screw. Gas compression occurs when the individual fingers of each gaterotor sweep through the grooves of the main screw as the screw rotates. Other types of high pressure compressors may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0008] One embodiment of the invention features a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station for refueling motor vehicles, the reciprocating compressor comprising: (i) a gas inlet section including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel; (ii) a compressor section; (iii) a valve control panel and storage section; (iv) a pressure let down section that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section; and (v) a dispensing section, wherein the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility, and wherein the gas inlet section is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility.
[0009] By supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to de- pressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity. The compressor section may comprise a single high pressure reciprocating compressor such as a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors. In some embodiments, the compressor section may comprise a combination of multiple reciprocating compressors configured in parallel. The valve control panel and storage section may comprise a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas from the compressor to either local storage vessels or to the dispensing section. Valve panel design may vary based on the station application. In some implementations, the valve control panel and storage section comprises automatic and manual valves, pressure transducers and gauges to direct the gas from the compressors to either storage vessels or dispensers/vehicles. The dispensing section may comprise one or more dispensers such as fast fill dispensers or time fill dispensers.
[0010] In some embodiments of the invention, the pressure let down section of the reciprocating compressor is capable of drawing the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section. As such, the pressure let down section allows the
reciprocating compressor to operate at a high flow capacity during peak hours. Additionally, the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non-peak hours. The ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station.
[0011] In another embodiment of the invention, the system passes the de-pressurized gas through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media. During use of the heat exchanger, heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state. The thermal storage media in a lower temperature state may then use electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition (i.e., lower) the temperature of the dispensing CNG prior to dispensing the fuel.
[0012] Another embodiment of the invention is directed toward a method for refueling motor vehicles using a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station, comprising: metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, depressurizing high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to an inlet of a compressor section, passing the de -pressurized gas through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media for retaining the lowered temperature of the gas inside the media, using electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all of the dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition the temperature of the CNG, and dispensing the gas. In some cases, the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility, and a gas inlet section for metering inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility. [0013] In the above method, depressurizing high pressure gas may comprise supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to depressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, whereby the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity. This step may be performed by a pressure let down section that draws the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section. In some
embodiments, the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to operate at a high flow capacity during peak hours, wherein the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non-peak hours. The ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station.
[0014] Other features and advantages of the present invention should become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0015] The present invention, in accordance with one or more various embodiments, is described in detail with reference to the following figures. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict typical or example embodiments of the invention. These drawings are provided to facilitate the reader's understanding of the invention and shall not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the invention. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration these drawings are not necessarily made to scale.
[0016] Some of the figures included herein may illustrate various embodiments of the invention from different viewing angles. Although the accompanying descriptive text may refer to such views as "top," "bottom" or "side" views, such references are merely descriptive and do not imply or require that the invention be implemented or used in a particular spatial orientation unless explicitly stated otherwise.
[0017] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings, in which:
[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reciprocating compressor system having an inlet booster design, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reciprocating compressor system having an inlet booster design and a heat exchanger having thermal storage media, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method for refueling motor vehicles using a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station, in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
[0021] In the following paragraphs, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the attached drawings. Throughout this description, the preferred embodiment and examples shown should be considered as exemplars, rather than as limitations on the present invention. As used herein, the "present invention" refers to any one of the embodiments of the invention described herein, and any equivalents. Furthermore, reference to various feature(s) of the "present invention" throughout this document does not mean that all claimed embodiments or methods must include the referenced feature(s).
[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station for refueling motor vehicles, wherein the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from the local gas utility. By supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to de -pressurize the gas from a high-pressure storage vessel, the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
[0023] Referring to Figure 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a reciprocating compressor 10 with pressure let down design comprises a gas inlet section 20 including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, a compressor section 30, a valve control panel and storage section 40, a pressure let down section 50 that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 30, and a dispensing section 60. In most cases, the gas inlet section 20 is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility. However, the gas inlet section 20 may be provided by other means without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0024] In some embodiments, the compressor section 30 comprises a single high pressure reciprocating compressor. By way of example, the high pressure compressor may comprise a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors. For some CNG applications, the compressor may comprise a positive-displacement compressor that may or may not include a single-screw booster in front of the compressor. In such compressors, the drive shaft imparts rotary motion to the main screw, which drives the intermeshed gaterotors, whereby compression of the gas is achieved by engaging the two gaterotors with helical grooves in the main screw. Gas compression occurs when the individual fingers of each gaterotor sweep through the grooves of the main screw as the screw rotates. Other types of high pressure compressors may be employed without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the compressor section 30 may comprise a combination of multiple reciprocating compressors configured in parallel.
[0025] With continued reference to Figure 1, the valve control panel and storage section 40 may comprise a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas from the compressor to either local storage vessels or to the dispensing component(s) of the dispensing section 60. Valve panel design may vary based on the station application. By way of example, in one embodiment, the valve control panel and storage section 40 comprises automatic and manual valves, pressure transducers and gauges to direct the gas from the compressors to either storage vessels or dispensers/vehicles. The pressure let down section 50 depressurizes the high pressure inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 30. In various embodiments, the pressure let down section 50 may include, but is not limited to: shutoff valves (automatic and/or manual), multi-stage depressurization regulators, pressure transducers, and gauges to monitor its operation. In some embodiments, the pressure let down section 50 depressurizes high pressure inlet gas from a combination of multiple high pressure storage vessels. The dispensing section 60 may comprise one or more dispensers such as fast fill dispensers or time fill dispensers.
[0026] Conventional CNG station designs do not feature a pressure let down section.
Due to compressor design limitations, such stations typically have to sacrifice gas pressure by going through an inlet regulator. After the gas is de-pressurized by the inlet regulator, it is then re-pressurized in the compressor. Such conventional CNG station designs are very energy inefficient since the gas pressure is lowered before recompression in the compressor. By contrast, the embodiments of the present invention feature a pressure let down section 50 that that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the reciprocating compressor 10.
[0027] As set forth above, the pressure let down section 50 of the reciprocating compressor 10 provides the ability to increase gas flow capacity by allowing higher pressure gas into the inlet of the reciprocating compressor 10 and the ability to control the gas flow of the reciprocating compressor 10. Additionally, the use of the pressure let down section 50 increases utilization of the high pressure storage vessel. In conventional CNG station designs, the high pressure storage vessels are typically filled to a pressure of approximately 3600 psig to 4500 psig, and are then drawn down to fill the vehicles to a pressure of approximately 2000 psig to 3000 psig. By employing the pressure let down section 50, the reciprocating compressor 10 of the invention is capable of drawing the gas from the high pressure vessel (i.e., from approximately 3600 psig to 4500 psig) down to approximately 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section 30.
[0028] Embodiments of the reciprocating compressor 10 of the invention can provide high flow capacity during the time of the day when there is a high level of filling demands (i.e., during peak hours). In addition, during non-peak hours the reciprocating compressor 10 may be configured to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessel(s) at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level. This ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station. Moreover, the gas supply and demand levels may be balanced against the different demand and energy costs of the local gas utility during different times of day, thereby reducing overall operating costs. Furthermore, the reciprocating compressor 10 also provides flexibility in CNG station operation, for example when the local gas utility changes the inlet gas pressure due to maintenance or other reasons.
[0029] Figure 2 illustrates a reciprocating compressor 200 comprising the
components of the embodiment of Figure 1, and further comprising a heat exchanger 255 having thermal storage media. In particular, the reciprocating compressor comprises a gas inlet section 220 including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel, a compressor section 230, a valve control panel and storage section 240, a pressure let down section 250 that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 230, a heat exchanger section 255, and dispensing section 260.
[0030] Similar to the embodiment of Figure 1, the compressor section 230 may comprise a single high pressure reciprocating compressor such as a rotary, single-screw, positive-displacement compressor including a drive shaft, a main screw having six helical grooves, and two planar gaterotors. For some CNG applications, the compressor may comprise a positive-displacement compressor that may or may not include a single-screw booster in front of the compressor. In such compressors, the drive shaft imparts rotary motion to the main screw, which drives the intermeshed gaterotors, whereby compression of the gas is achieved by engaging the two gaterotors with helical grooves in the main screw.
[0031] The valve control panel and storage section 240 may comprise a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas from the compressor to the heat exchanger section 255, to local storage vessels or to the dispensing component(s) of the dispensing section 260. As set forth above, valve panel design may vary based on the station application. By way of example, in one embodiment, the valve control panel and storage section 240 comprises automatic and manual valves, pressure transducers and gauges to direct the gas from the compressors to the heat exchanger, to storage vessels, or to dispensers/vehicles. The pressure let down section 250 depressurizes the high pressure inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section 230. In various embodiments, the pressure let down section 250 may include, but is not limited to: shutoff valves (automatic and/or manual), multi-stage depressurization regulators, pressure transducers, and gauges to monitor its operation. In some embodiments, the pressure let down section 250 depressurizes high pressure inlet gas from a combination of multiple high pressure storage vessels.
[0032] With further reference to Figure 2, the heat exchanger section 255 can comprise any type of heat exchanging mechanism. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger section 255 comprises a heat exchanger having thermal storage media. By way of example, the thermal storage media can comprise a water or glycol solution whose temperature is lowered by the heat exchanger. During use of the heat exchanger, heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state. This low temperature storage media can then be employed for active temperature conditions. In particular, electronic temperature conditioning can then be achieved by: (i) detecting the temperature of the CNG using temperature sensors such as thermocouples or RTDs and controlling the flow through actuated valves, such as proportional valves, and (ii) using the low temperature thermal storage media in the heat exchanger to lower the temperature of the dispensing CNG before being dispensed into a motor vehicle. This provides an improved temperature compensated fill. The dispensing section 260 may comprise one or more dispensers such as fast fill dispensers or time fill dispensers.
[0033] Referring to Figure 3, a method 300 for refueling motor vehicles using a reciprocating compressor having a high pressure storage vessel let down for a CNG station will now be described. Specifically, the method 300 comprises metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel (operation 310). Operation 320 entails depressurizing high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to an inlet of a compressor, while operation 320 comprises directing the flow of gas from the compressor to either local storage vessels or to a dispensing section for dispensing the gas. In operation 340, the de-pressurized gas is passed through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media, whereby heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state. Operation 360 involves dispensing the gas. Some embodiments may also entail using electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all of the dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition the temperature of the CNG (operation 350). In some cases, the CNG station design utilizes inlet gas from a local gas utility, and a gas inlet section for metering inlet gas from the high pressure storage vessel is provided and delivered to the site location by a local gas utility.
[0034] In the above method, depressurizing high pressure gas (operation 320) may comprise supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to depressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, whereby the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity. This step may be performed by a pressure let down section that draws the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section. In some embodiments, the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to operate at a high flow capacity during peak hours, wherein the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non- peak hours. The ability to provide higher flow during peak hours and slower flow during non-peak hours provides the CNG station with the ability to actively manage the gas supply and demand levels and control the power draw requirement of the CNG station. [0035] One skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced by other than the various embodiments and preferred
embodiments, which are presented in this description for purposes of illustration and not of limitation, and the present invention is limited only by the claims that follow. It is noted that equivalents for the particular embodiments discussed in this description may practice the invention as well.
[0036] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not of limitation. Likewise, the various diagrams may depict an example architectural or other configuration for the invention, which is done to aid in understanding the features and functionality that may be included in the invention. The invention is not restricted to the illustrated example architectures or configurations, but the desired features may be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Indeed, it will be apparent to one of skill in the art how alternative functional, logical or physical partitioning and configurations may be implemented to implement the desired features of the present invention. Also, a multitude of different constituent module names other than those depicted herein may be applied to the various partitions. Additionally, with regard to flow diagrams, operational descriptions and method claims, the order in which the steps are presented herein shall not mandate that various embodiments be implemented to perform the recited functionality in the same order unless the context dictates otherwise.
[0037] Although the invention is described above in terms of various exemplary embodiments and implementations, it should be understood that the various features, aspects and functionality described in one or more of the individual embodiments are not limited in their applicability to the particular embodiment with which they are described, but instead may be applied, alone or in various combinations, to one or more of the other embodiments of the invention, whether or not such embodiments are described and whether or not such features are presented as being a part of a described embodiment. Thus the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
[0038] Terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, unless otherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposed to limiting. As examples of the foregoing: the term "including" should be read as meaning "including, without limitation" or the like; the term "example" is used to provide exemplary instances of the item in discussion, not an exhaustive or limiting list thereof; the terms "a" or "an" should be read as meaning "at least one," "one or more" or the like; and adjectives such as
"conventional," "traditional," "normal," "standard," "known" and terms of similar meaning should not be construed as limiting the item described to a given time period or to an item available as of a given time, but instead should be read to encompass conventional, traditional, normal, or standard technologies that may be available or known now or at any time in the future. Likewise, where this document refers to technologies that would be apparent or known to one of ordinary skill in the art, such technologies encompass those apparent or known to the skilled artisan now or at any time in the future.
[0039] A group of items linked with the conjunction "and" should not be read as requiring that each and every one of those items be present in the grouping, but rather should be read as "and/or" unless expressly stated otherwise. Similarly, a group of items linked with the conjunction "or" should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among that group, but rather should also be read as "and/or" unless expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, although items, elements or components of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated to be within the scope thereof unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.
[0040] The presence of broadening words and phrases such as "one or more," "at least," "but not limited to" or other like phrases in some instances shall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or required in instances where such broadening phrases may be absent. The use of the term "module" does not imply that the components or functionality described or claimed as part of the module are all configured in a common package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of a module, whether control logic or other components, may be combined in a single package or separately maintained and may further be distributed across multiple locations.
[0041] Additionally, the various embodiments set forth herein are described in terms of exemplary block diagrams, flow charts and other illustrations. As will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after reading this document, the illustrated embodiments and their various alternatives may be implemented without confinement to the illustrated examples. For example, block diagrams and their accompanying description should not be construed as mandating a particular architecture or configuration.

Claims

Claims What is claimed is:
1. A reciprocating compressor, comprising:
a gas inlet section including an inlet gas meter for metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel;
a compressor;
a valve control panel and storage;
a pressure let down that depressurizes the high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to the inlet of the compressor section;
a heat exchanger having thermal storage media; and
a dispenser.
2. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein the thermal storage media comprises a water or glycol solution whose temperature is lowered by the heat exchanger.
3. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein during use of the heat exchanger, heat from the thermal storage media is added to the gas, thereby cooling the thermal storage media to a low temperature state.
4. The reciprocating compressor of claim 3, wherein the low temperature storage media is employed for active temperature conditioning.
5. The reciprocating compressor of claim 4, wherein electronic temperature conditioning is achieved by using a sensor to detect a temperature of the gas and using the low temperature thermal storage media in the heat exchanger to lower the temperature of the dispensing CNG before being dispensed by the dispenser.
6. The reciprocating compressor of claim 5, wherein the sensor comprises a thermocouple or an RTD.
7. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein by supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to de-pressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
8. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein the valve control panel and storage comprises a series of control valves that direct the flow of gas among the compressor, the heat exchanger, local storage vessels, and the dispenser.
9. The reciprocating compressor of claim 1, wherein the pressure let down section is capable of drawing the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor.
10. A method for refueling a motor vehicle using a reciprocating compressor, the method comprising:
metering inlet gas from a high pressure storage vessel;
depressurizing high pressure gas from the high pressure storage vessel to an inlet of a compressor;
passing the de-pressurized gas through a heat exchanger having thermal storage media, thereby cooling the thermal media to a low temperature state; and dispensing the gas.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising using electronic gas temperature monitoring to direct some or all of the dispensing CNG going to the dispenser through the low temperature thermal media to condition the temperature of the gas to a predetermined temperature or temperature range.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein using electronic gas temperature monitoring comprises using a sensor to detect a temperature of the gas and using the low temperature thermal storage media in the heat exchanger to lower the temperature of the dispensing CNG before dispensing the gas.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein depressurizing high pressure gas comprises supplementing the inlet gas with a pressure let down in order to depressurize the gas from the high-pressure storage vessel, whereby the CNG station has the ability to increase and adjust its flow capacity.
14. The method of claim 10, further comprising directing the flow of gas from the compressor to the heat exchanger, local storage vessels or to a dispensing section for dispensing the gas.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein depressurizing high pressure gas is performed by a pressure let down section that draws the gas from the high pressure vessel at a pressure from 3600 psig to 4500 psig down to a pressure of 20 psig to 200 psig before it enters the compressor section.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to operate at a high flow capacity during peak hours.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the pressure let down section allows the reciprocating compressor to draw in gas from the local gas utility and refill the high pressure storage vessels at a slower flow capacity and at a lower power level during non-peak hours.
PCT/US2012/067991 2012-11-16 2012-12-05 Reciprocating compressor with heat exchanger having thermal storage media WO2014077858A2 (en)

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